Impacts des modes de rationalisation du travail sur la capacité d'action collective dans la maîtrise des risques :

HAL Id: halshs-00291580

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00291580

Submitted on 27 Jun 2008

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Impacts des modes de rationalisation du travail sur la capacité d’action collective dans la maîtrise des risques :

Stéphanie Tillement

To cite this version:

Stéphanie Tillement. Impacts des modes de rationalisation du travail sur la capacité d’action collective dans la maîtrise des risques : : Le cas des “ signalisateurs ” d’une grande entreprise de transport. XIème Journées internationales de Sociologie du Travail, Jun 2007, Royaume-Uni. pp.1-15. �halshs-00291580�

.$&! /)%0123#4 (5

67 /892: ,#/;9,+- !: # <=!#(# >?

@BA-CDCDE/FGEDH9@JI%KML#N O PQ RST

U)V>WK-V XPQ%KMSZY[V Q \I AT^]_P=`^V^XP?K-V R.XS\/a7AI>@/b

c

K-Rd]]SefSQKMgih^PjOkVlVmon1X

CS

c

K-XPp>P?q>r9N XL

c

SQKML

c

V^QKsL?KML

c

VkqtKMSQ%q

c

N>PX]_PuYvV Q w>P?K-RdV QxN>Vq>XDq>Q Sy\q&]zK1q>XSyw S

I>LW?q>XRzKML(AMQ w%q

c

K-XMRdS]]Sm

{y|}l~y€|5

H9Vkq

c

QkVkq

c

N XMV N V

c

V Q

c

w PQ

c

WSK‚PX1K-RW]S=TfSQƒN>PX-KMPQ%K„w S…]1†‡PQ>P]'h

c

S€w S…w Sqlr

RdQ>WRw SjQK

c"ˆ

XP?p&S

c

Tyw S‰e9S?K1K‡XSŠSQ€Lp>Rw SQ WS‰]S

c

Sn-n‹SK

c

N>SX-p>SX

c

w S

c

e)Vlw S

c

w S

XPK-RdV^QkP]R

c

P?KMRdV Q)w%q)K-XP?p^PjRd]>SQŒKMSXMefS

c

w S

c

LWq>XRŽKMLm

#*=(5

I>LW?q>XRzKML(RdQkw%q

c

K-X‹RdS]]S

aR

c‘

q&S

c

\3V e’Nl]Sr>RzKML

I h

c

KM“e)S

cc

V>WRdVkKMS=WOQ R

‘

q&S

c

aP?K-RdV Q P]R

c

PK‹RdV Q

” W?KMRdV Q)WVl]d]SW?KMR.p>S

F‰Vk`>Rd]R

c

P?KMRdV Q)WV ]d]S=W?K‹R.p^S

aS

c

N>V^Q

c

P=`>Rd]RzKML

c

\3V Q n•RPQ WS

I>R

ˆ

QkP]R

c

P?KMRdV Q

U–PQ

c

q>Q—WV^QKMS?rKMS˜w SK-XP?p>PRd]‚e9PX

‘

q&LƒN>PX™]1†RdQ

c

KP?`>R]RzKML˜w S

c€c

K-X-q&W?K1q>XS

c

T]dS

w L?p^S]dV^N N>Se9SQ%Kšw SJQ Vle’`kXS?q

c S c

RdQ>WSX•K-RzK1q&w S

cœ›

W=V^e)N>V XKMSe–SjQKw S

c

QkVkq p&SPqlr

c h c KM“e)S

c

KMSWOtQ R

‘

qS

c

TJP#N N XV^N XMRdP?K-RdV Qžw S

c

Q Vq p&S]d]1S

c

KMS=WO Q V ]dV

ˆ

RS

c

N>P#XŸ]dS

c

PQkWRSQ

c

T„n-RP`>R]RŽKMLŸw S

cc Vl]Žq K-RdV^Q

c

KMSW#O Q R

‘

q&S

c

WO VlR

c

RS

c= Š¡

S?Ki]P

c

Vkq&e)R

cc R_VlQ

N>SXe)PQkSjQKMS’¢’]-†P]LPT!]dS)e9PjRdQK‹RdSQw<†.q<Q"O>Pq KsQ R_p&S=P?q‚w S’n-RP=`>R]RzKML£S

c

Kw S?p>SQq"q<Q

w S

c

WXRzKM“XS

c

w<†Sn-n‹RWPWRzKMLT>P?q"e–¤je9SZK-RzK-XS

‘

q&S(]dP(N>SXn-V^Xe)PQkWSLWV Q Vle)R

‘

q&Sm

CS

c¥c h c

KM“e)S

c¦c

VlWRdVKMSWOtQ R

‘

q&S

c

V^QK§P¨KKMSRdQ%K©q>Q>SªKMS#]']S«W=Vle’N>]Sr>RzKML¥KMPQ%K

KMSW#OQ V>]dV

ˆ R‘ q&S

‘

q V^X

ˆ

P#Q R

c

P?KMRdV^Q QkS]]S

‘

q&S’]-†PW?K-RdV Q"S

c

Kw S?p^SQ%q&S’QkLWS

cc

PR.XSe9SQ%K

WV ]d]SW?KMR_p^Sm

­

e9S

c

q>XS

‘

q&Sf]S

c

KMSWOQ V>]dV

ˆ

RdS

c

S?K3]S

cyc

RzK1q&P?KMRdV^Q

c

w>S–K‡XP?p^PjR]

c

S9WVle’N>]S=r>Rdn‹RSQ%KMT

w S Q Vq p>SP?q>r e)V>w S

c

w S

c

K-X•q&W?K1q XP?K-RdV Q N>]zq

c

n‹]Sr>R.`<]S

c

S?KžN>P#X•K-RdWR.N&P?K-Rdn

c

PN N>P#XPR

c2c SQ%KMT

c

PQ

c

KVkqtKMSn-VlR

c

XSe)N>]P=WSXy]S

c

n-V Xe–S

c

W]P

cc R‘

q[S

c

w<†V X

ˆ

PQ R

c

P?K-R_V^Q

w%q)K-XP?p^PR']‡mŒCP(XP?KMRdV^QkP]R

c

P?KMRdV Q

c

†PN Nq<RSySQ WV XSS?K<KV%q®Vkq>X

cc q>Xs]dS

c

N XR'Q>WR.N&S

c

w S

]-†V^X

ˆ

P#Q R

c

PK‹RdV Q

c

WRSQ%KMRdn‹R

‘

q&S¯w%q°K-XP?p^PR']iS?K

c

q>Xw S

c

w R

c

N>V

c

RŽK‹Rdn

c

n-V Xe)S]

c

w S

WV Q%K-XM± ]dST

c

PQ

c7‘

q&Sx]S

c

XS

c

N>V Q

c

P`>R]RzKML

cc VlWRdP]S

c

QkS

c

V RdSQ%K²W]dPR.X2SefSQK3w Ln-RdQlRS

c m

bQ)V` SX•p&SPRdQ R q<QkS q>N>SX‹N>V RzK‹R_V^Q)w Sw Rdn‹nMLXSQ%K e9Vlw S w S(XP?K-RdV Q P]dR P?KMRdV^Q–w%q

c c9c c c c ˆ c c c

WV Q%K-XM± ]dSSKyP?q KV^QkV^e)RSTV ]-†RdQlRzKMRP?KMRzp&SSKy]dP e)V^`>Rd]R

c

P?K-RdV Q

c

V^QKXS

‘

q<R

c S c N>Vq>X

ˆ

LXSXD]dS

c V Q S

c

w<†Vle’`kXSw S

cc h c

KM“e9S

c m

U–S WS

c

W=V^Q

c

KMP?K

c

Q PR

cc SQ%KyN>]zq

c

RS?q>X

c

RdQ%KMSX‹XV

ˆ

PK-RdV Q

c

WV e)e9SjQK’]_S

c

PW?KMS?q>X

cfc

S

e)V `>R]R

c

SjQKN>Vq>X3n-PR'XSxnMPWSfPqlrœP]LP

c q&S]

cyc V Q%K3]S

c

Re)N>PW?K

c

w S

c

e–Vlw S

c

w>S

XPK-RdV^QkP]R

c

P?KMRdV Q SK7w S

c

K-X•q&WK1q>XPK-RdV Q WO V>R

c R c’c

q>X]PfWPN>PWRzKML9w<†PW?K-RdV Q‚WV>]']SWK‹R.p>S

S?Kv]dP(QkLWS

cc RzKML¢]dP

‘

q&S]]S

c

V^QKDW=V^Qtn1XV^QKML

c

]dS

c

P=W?KMS?q>X

c

w SW=V V^N>LXS?X

H9Vkq

c

N X‹V N V

c

V Q

c

w SfXLN>V^QkwXS"¢WS

c£‘

q&S

c

KMRdV Q

c

¢xK-XP?p^SX

c

]•†‡PjQkP]'h

c

SSe)N>R.XR

‘

q&S

w%q K-XP?p^PjRd]yw S

cc Rˆ

QkP]R

c

P?KMS?q>X

c

w<†.q&Q S

ˆ

XPQ w SGSjQK-XSN XR

c S w SK-XPQ

c

N>V X•K-T7PW?KMS?q>X

c

WV Q n1XV Q%KML

c

SQ N>SXefPQkSjQkWS˜P?qlr XR

c‘

q&S

c

w!†PWWRwlS#Q%K

c

n‹S#X‹XVp>RdPR'XS

c

TPn‹RdQ w S

e)V>Q%K-XSX

c

q>X

‘

q&Sj]

c

w R

c

N>V

c

RzKMRdn

c

n-V^Xe9S]

c

Vq RdQ n-V Xe)S]

c

Rd]

c’c

†PN Nq<RSQ%K²N>Vkq>X7n-PjRdXS

nMPWSP?q>r

c

RzK1q&PK‹RdV Q

c

w L

ˆ

XPw LS

c

mH9Vkq

c

S?r N>]dRWRzKMS#XV^Q

c

KMVqK¬w<†P`>V Xw’]1†V X

ˆ

PQ R

c

P?K-R_V^Q

w%q9K-XP?p>PRd]S?Ks]S

c

e)V>w S

c

w SXP?KMRdV Q P]R

c

P?K-RdV Q"WOkVlR

c Rc

N&PX]dSyefPQ>P

ˆ

Se9SQ%KMTlXS]dP?KMRdn

c

¢]-†PWK‹R.p>RzKMLw S

ˆ S c KMRdV Q)w S

c

e)Vlw Rdn‹RWP?K-RdV Q

c

T N>PX•K-RdW?q&]R“XSe)SQ%K¬w PQ

cc PNlOkP

c

SyPp>P%]

S?K¬w PQ

c

]dSw V^e–PjRdQ>S

c

N<LWRdn‹R

‘

q&Sw S]P

c Rˆ Q>P]dR

c

P?K‹R_V^Q&m

H9Vkq

c

Q Vq

c

RdQ%KML#XS

cc SXV Q

c

SQ

c

q<RŽKMS«P?q>r Sn•nMS?K

c

N>SX-p>SX

c

w S

c

e)V>w S

c

w S

XPK-RdV^QkP]R

c

P?KMRdV Q SK7w S

c

K-X•q&W?K1q>XPK-RdV Q WO V>R

c Rc

SQ e)VlQK-XPQ%KZWV^e)e9SQ%K7Rd]

c

N>S?q>p>SQ%K

WXLSX7w S

c

WV Q n•]RzK

c

w SŒKMSX‹X‹RŽKMV^R.XST!e9S?KK-XS)SQWV Q W?q>X‹XSQ WS)w S

c3ˆ

XVq>N>S

c

w<†PW?KMS?q>X

c

w V Q%K]dP)WPN>PWRzKML)¢)P

ˆ

RdX(S#Q

c

Se’`<]S)S

c

KN>Vq>XKMPQKsN X‹Rde"V XwRdP]S)Vkq„WV Q w%q&R.XS)¢)w S

c

N XPK-R

‘

q&S

c

w Lp>RPQ%KMS

c

w S]dP(N>PX-KDw S

c P ˆ SQK

c m

H9Vkq

c

WV Q W]zq>XV^Q

c

SQ9Lp>V

‘

q&PQ%Ks]-†Re)N>V^X1KMPQ W=SŒw S

c‘

q[S

c

K-R_V^Q

c

w SXS

c

N>V Q

c

P`>R]RzKML

c T

w SWV Q n•RPQ>WSS?Kyw S"XSWV Q Q PR

cc

PQkWST/p XPR

c

Se’`>]P`>]S%e9SQ%KN>S?qŠN XR

c

SQŠWVle£NKMS

]dV X

c

w S

c

WO VlR.r9e)PQ P

ˆ

LXRdP?q>r9w S(XPK-RdV^QkP]R

c

P?KMRdV^Q–w%q’K-X‹Pp>PR]-m

~£ &$&# >: 2 ž* ž*?$& !<€ :>

## M

\†S

c

Kq>Q nMPRzK7R'Q>L].q&W?KMP?`>]STD]S–K-XP#Q

c

N>V X•K3n-S#X‹XVp>RdPR'XST/W=V^e)e9S–KMVqK7PqK-XS9PW?K-R.p>RzKML

RdQ>w%q

c

K-XRdS]]S=T/Q>LWS

cc

RŽKMSQ Vle’`kXSw<†R'Q

c

KMP]']P?KMRdV Q

c

KMSWO Q R

‘

q&S

c

S?KyW=S

c

RdQ

c

KMP]']P?KMRdV Q

c

p>RSR]]R

cc SQ%K2mCS

c

e)PKMLXRdS]

c

T<]S

c

KMSWO QkVl]dV

ˆ

R_S

c

Se)Nl]_Vkh^LS

c

T<w Sp>RSQ Q SQ%KBVk`

c

V ]d“?KMS

c

S?K[XLW]Pe9SjQK¬w S

c

K-XP?p>P?q rxw SB®Vq p>SQ>WS=T^N>PXMn-VlR

c

K-X“

c

]Vq>Xw

c m

”

]P‰a

”

@¬T)PN X“

c

q<QkS(N>LXRdVlw S w<†1PWWP]efRS(N>SQ w>PQ%Kœ]P

‘

q&S]]SJN>S?q w S

ˆ

XV

c

N XV®S?K

c

w S‚e)V>w^Rdn‹RWP?KMRdV Q

c

V Q%K–L?KML XLP]dR

c L c T7WS

c

w R_r…w SX‹Q R“XS

c

PQ Q LS

c

V^QKŒptq

n‹]S?q>XR.XS?K

c

Sfw L?p^Sj]_V^N N>SXw<†P`^V^Qkw PjQK

c

N XV?®SK

c

TDw SŒK-X‹“

c(ˆ

XP#Q w SfPe)N>]Sq>XT!p>R

c

PQ%K

]S w Lp>S]dV N N>SefSQK¥w S QkVkq p^SP?q>r

c h c KM“efS

c

S?K¥]_S XSQ Vq p>S]]Se9SQ%K w S

QkVle’` XS?q

c S c RdQ

c

KMP]d]P?K‹R_V^Q

c

mxC†V`

c

V>]dS

c

WSQ W=S w S

c

e9P?KMLXRdS]

c T ]PŸQ>LWS cc

RzKMLŸw S

n-Vq>X‹Q RdX7P?qlr"q

c P ˆ SX

c

q&Q S)V n•n-XS)w SŒK-XPQ

c

N>V XKDKV%q#®Vkq>X

c

Nl]zq

c

N>S#Xn-V Xe)PQ%KMS

›

N>PX3]dS

XS=WVkq>X

c

P?q r QkVkq p^S]']S

c

KMSWO QkVl]dV

ˆ

R_S

c

KMS]d]S

c7‘

q&Sx]-†RdQln-V Xe)P?KMR

‘

q&S

¡

T,]S

c

Q Vq p>S]]S

c

S?r>R

ˆ

SQ WS

c

SQ’KMSXe)S

c

w<†Sr N>]dVlRŽKMP?K‹R_V^Q9V Q%KsPe)SQkL’¢Œe9Vlw S#X‹Q R

c

S#X]S

c

RdQ

c

KMP]d]PK‹RdV Q

c m

Iq&RzKMSŸ¢q>Q—PWWRw SQ%K

ˆ

XP?p>S˜SQ

›

]S˜w LXPR]']‡Se)SQ%K w<†.q&Q K-XPRdQ

¡ ‘ q<R‚P

n-V X•KMSe)SQK e9PX

‘

q&L«]S

c S c N XRzK

c

S?K§e)V^QK-XL«]-†V`>]R

ˆ

P?KMRdV Q w S«XSQ wXS«]S

c

RdQ

c

KMP]d]P?KMRdV^Q

c

KMVkq#®Vq>X

c

N>]zq

cc

LW?q>XRzKMPR.XS

c

Tl]P(XLP]R

c

P?K‹R_V^Q)w>SWS

c

e)V>w^Rn•RWP?KMRdV^Q

c S c K

w S?p^SQ%q[SZq>X

ˆ

SQ%KMStm

bXDN>P

cc

SXsw†_q&Q S

c

RzK1q&PK‹RdV Q9Sr>R

c

KMPQ%KMSSr N>]dVlRzKMLS

‘

q&V%K-Rw^R_SjQ QkSefSQKDw S#Nq<R

c

N>PXn-VlR

c

w S

c

w^R

PRdQ>S

c

w†PQ QkLS

c

T>¢Zq>Q S

c

RzK1q&P?K-RdV Q)nq K1q>XSw P#Q

c

]1P

‘

q&S]d]SV^QyKMSQ w)¢PN N>V X•KMSX

w S Pje9L]R_V^XPK‹RdV Q SQ€RdQ%K-XV>w%q>R PQ%K w SŠQ Vq p>S]]S nV^QkW?K-RdV Q T’S K)K-X“ X‹R q&Lm

c c c ‘ c ‘

N XSe)R“XS"w S"WS

c

RdQ

c

KMPj]d]P?KMRdV Q

c S c KwP

cc q>XSXy]dP

c

LWq<XRzKMLTDe)PR

c

P?q

cc RsN>PXWS

‘

q&S

WS

c

e)Vlw Rdn‹RWP?KMRdV Q

cŠc S c

RzK1q&SQ%Kœw PQ

c

]S WPwXS™w S

c h c KM“e9S

cGc

V>WjR_VKMS=WOQ R

‘

q&S

c

WV e’N>]S=r^S

c T ‘

q<R°N XL

c

SjQKMSQ%K RdQ%K-XRdQ

c “ ‘

q&Se9SQ%Kžq>Q XR

c‘

q[S

c h c

KM“e)Sm UV

]Re)N>V XKMP#Q WSTyN>Vkq>X"e)RdQlRefR

c

SXœWSŠXR

c‘

q&ST’w S WV>VX‹w V QQkSX ]S

c

PW?KMRdV Q

c

S?K"]dS

c

w LWR

c

RdVlQ

c m

CSŒ]PQ W=Sje9SQ%KBWV Q WVle)RzKMPQKsw SNl]zq

c

RS?q>X

c

K-X“

csˆ

XV

c

N XV®S?K

c

PŒLKMLŒw LWRdw>Lm \3SWRP

SQK-XP 1Q Lšq&Q S‚R'QKMSQ

c

Rn-RWP?K‹R_V^QiWSX•KMPRdQ S w%qŠK-XP?p>PR]7w PQ

c

]S

c

w RnMn‹LXSjQK

c

e)L?KMRdSX

c m

\3S

c

QkVkq p^SP?q>r"N XV®S?K

c

V Q%KL

ˆ

P#]dSefSQKD`>Vq

c

W?q&]L–]-†V^X

ˆ

PQ R

c

P?K-RdV Q

w S

c

e–Vlw S

c

w S

c

K-X•q&W¨K1q>XP¨K-RdV Q

c

N>LWRn-R

‘

q[S

c

V Q%Kvn-PRzK¬]dS?q>XsPN N>PXRzKMRdV Q<m

£Q SQkVkq p^S]]SV X

ˆ

PQ R

c

P?K-R_V^QkT

c

Sšp^Vkq&]dPQ%KNl]Žq

c

n‹]Sr>R.`<]SS?KN>]zq

c

N>PX•KMRdWRdN>P?K‹R.p^STP

L?KMLyexR

c

S’SQfN>]P=W%S£w%q n-PRzKw S

c

]PQ W=Sje9SQ%K

c

w SŒN XV®S?K

c

w SuK-X“

cˆ

XPQ w S£LWO>S]d]S=T!¢

c

P=p^VlR.X ]-†V X

ˆ

PQ R

c

PK‹RdV Q N>PXŠN XV®S?K2m ” ]P…KM¤?KMSƒw S

c

N XV?®S?K

c

PƒL?KMLƒWXLLS…q>Q>S

c

K-X•q&W¨K1q>XS

c

N>LWRdn•R

‘

q&STvPN N>S]L=S£E²w vA

›E ‘

q>RN>Sxw>S vXV®2S?KAMQ w%q

c

K-XMRS]

¡

T!XS

ˆ

XVkq>N>PQK

q>Q€WO>Sn"w S N XV®S?KMT(q>Q™XS

c

N>V^Q

c

P`>]S

c h c

KM“e)SJSKxq>Q XS

c

N>V Q

c

P`>]SŠXLP]dR

c

PK‹RdV Q<m

U–PQ

c

WjOkP

‘

q[SxN>±l]dS9wlS9WVle’N>LKMSQ WS

c

T!q<Q‚P

ˆ

SjQKMTDWO PX

ˆ

L9w<†Pn-n‹PRdXS

c

TDS

c

K3QkVle)efL

XS

c

N>V Q

c

P`>]S’S?KBWV V XwRdQ P?KMS?q>XsN>Vq>X

c

V^Q9w V e)PR'Q>Stm \Π1S

c

Ks]zq&R

‘

q&R,S

c

KsSQ9]RSQ"Pp>SW

]-†.E3w vAT3S?K

‘

q>R3w V>RzK£WP]dSX)]PN>]PQ Rn‹RWP?KMRdV^Qiw S

c

V N>LX‹PK-RdV^Q

c

w>PQ

c"c

V QŠw V>e)PR'Q>S

P?p^SWf]dPxN>]PjQ Rn‹RWP?KMRdV Q w%q‚N XV?®SK2m\ZSKKMS)VX

ˆ

PQ R

c

PK‹RdV Q QkLWS

cc

RzKMS’q<QœSQ

ˆ P ˆ Se9SQ%K

n-V X•Kw S

c

PWKMS?q>X

c Rd]

c)c V Q%K

c

Vq>e)R

c

¢"w SxK1X“

c

Q V e–`kX2S?q

c S c£c

Vl]d]RWRzKMP?KMRdV Q

c

T¬KMPQK¢

]-†RdQ%KLXRdS?q>X

‘

qv†¢f]-†SrKMLXRdS?q>Xw Sf]dS?q>X

ˆ

XVkq>N>S9w<†P#N N>PXKMS#Q PQkW%S=TDS?K

c

V^QK3P#e)SQ>L

c ¢

QkL

ˆ

VlWRdS#X"Pp>SW ]-†1L

‘

q<RdN>S N XV?®SKMT(]dS

c

P?q K-XS

c

W=VX‹N

c

w S e–L?K‹R_SX

c

Te)PR

c

P?q

c2c RŒ]S

c

PWKMS?q>X

c

w%q9e)¤e9Sue–L?K‹R_SXm

@sVkqtKMSn-V R

c

Tle)P]

ˆ

XL]•†R'QK-XV>w%q&W?K-RdV Q)w Sue–Vlw S

c

w Sue9PQ>P

ˆ

Se)SQ%KvN>]zq

c

N>PX•KMRdWRdN>P?KMR'n

c T

]S

c

N XR'QkWR'N&S

c

w Sf]-†V^X

ˆ

P#Q R

c

PK-RdV^Q

c

WRSQ%KMRdn‹R

‘

q&S–XS

c

KMSQK3w S)e)R

c

S=T,SQ"N>PX•KMRdW?q&]RSX7]P

w R.p>R

c

R_VlQ)w%q)K-XP?p^PjRd]1m

U–PQ

c

]S

c

N XV®SK

c

T<]dPNl]PQ Rn‹RWPK‹RdV Q’K‹R_SjQK,q&Q SNl]PWS(K-X“

c

Re)N>V^X1KMPQKMS

]_S

c P c N>S=W?K

c

WVK

c

S¨Kw L#]dPR

c

WV Q

c

KMRzK1q&SQ%Kw S

c

SQ®2S?q>rfK-X“

c

Rde)N>V^X1KMPQ%K

c

Tlp XPR

c

Se’`<]P`>]SefSQKP?q

Wq>X£w S

c

N XLV>WW?q>N>P?K-RdV Q

c

w S

c

e9PQ P

ˆ

SX

c

S?Kuw S

c L ‘ q&R.N>S

c

N XV®SKMT/XSNkV^X1KMLS

c

SQ

ˆ

XP#Q w S…N&PX•K-R_S

c

q>XŠ]S

c

w Rdn‹n‹L#XSQ%K

c

WV^XMN

c

w Se9L?KMRdSX

c

mŒCP]_V

ˆ R‘

q&S KMSWO Q RWV

LW=V^QkV^e)R

‘

q&SšN XRefS

S]d]S WV Q

c

Rw “XS

‘

q&S]P

c

Vq>XWSw<†Sjn-n‹RWPWRzKML

c S c

RzK1q&Sw PQ

c

]S

c

X“

ˆ

]dS

c

n-V Xe)S]]S

c

S?K¬w PQ

c

q>Q)Sn•n-V X•K¬w SWPwXP

ˆ

S(S?K[w SWV Q%K1XM± ]dSw S

c

PW?K-RdV Q

c m

RdSQ

‘

qv†R]

c

V>RzKGw R'n-n‹RWR]Sw S

c

K-X•q&W?K1qkXSX ]-†1PW?KMR.p>RzKMLw S

ˆ S c

KMRdV^Q w S

c

e)V>w R'nMRWP?K-R_V^Q

c

T!w%qœnMPjRŽKw S

cc

N>LWRdn‹RWjRŽKML

c

w S’WO>PW?q&Q S)w S

c

e)V>w R'nMRWP?K-R_V^Q

c

S?Kw S’]P

w L]dRWP?KMS Nl]PQ Rdn‹RWP?K‹R_V^Q°w S

c

V N>LXP?K-RdV Q

c

TŠS]d]S QL=WjOkPN N>S¯N>P

c ¢ ]P

c

K-X•q&W¨K1q>XP¨K-RdV Q<m3\3S‚N XVlW=S

cc q c S c

K9w Ln•RdQ>Ryw PQ

c"!fc S c

L?KMPN>S

c T c

V Q™W=V^QKMSQ%q&T

c S c

PWKMS?q>X

c

Te)PR

c

P?q

cc R¬w PQ

c

]S

c

n-V^Xe9S

c

w S9WVlVXwR'QkP?KMRdV^Qw S)]S=q>X

c

PW?KMR_p>RŽKML

c$#›

U)S

@sSX

c2c

PWT™&%%'

¡

mfCS e)PQ P

ˆ

Sje9SQ%KŠp^P

c Sn-n-V^XWSXw S e)S?K1K-XS S#Q N>]dPWS q&Q S

c

K-X•q&W¨K1q>XSŸn-V^XMe)S]]SŸp>R

c

PQ%K ¢ ˆ

PXPQ%K-R.X€]P n•RP`>R]RzKML w%q°N X‹V>WS

c2c q c

w PjQ

cc V^Q

SQ

c

Se–`&]SmD\3S"N XVlW=S

cc q c

p>P¤?K-XS

c S ˆ

e)SQKMLSQGw Rn‹nLXSQKMS

c

L?KMPN>S

c T ‘ q<R

c

S#XV^QK

KVkqtKMS

c

W#V^QK-X‹± ]dLS

c

w S„e–PjQ R“XS ¢N XLp>SQ R.X)]SXR

c‘

q&S‚wSX‹XSq>X

c

mDA‹]3RdQ>w^R

‘

q&S

‘

q&S

!

]S

c

Lp^V^]zq KMRdV Q

c

w S

c

V X

ˆ

PQ R

c

P?K-RdV Q

c

p^V^QK,p&SX

c

w S

c7c h c

KM“e9S

c

N>]_q

c

RdQKML

ˆ

XL

c

m)(

 +*

CP N>S#Xn-V Xe)PQ WS w%q

c h c

KM“e9S KMSW#O Q R

‘

q&S RdQ%KML

ˆ

XL

c

†PN N XLO SQ w S

LW=V^QkV^e)R

‘

q&SefSQKŠw Sƒe)PQ R“XS

ˆ

]dV^`^Pj]S

# ›

U–Sƒ@/S#X

cc

PWT ,

¡

mf\3S]dPN&PXP 'K

XPK-RdV^Q QkS]

c

R>]-†VlQ

c

S(N>]dPWSw PQ

c

q>QkSu]dV

ˆ R‘

q&SW=V,tKDSKvw L]dPR

c m

F Rdw ]SX

›

&%%'

¡

e)S?KSQ‚Lp>Rw SQ WS"]SšnMPRzK

‘

q&Sš]_S

c e Vlw S

c

w S

c

K1X-q&W¨K1q>XPK-RdV Q‚w PQ

c

WS P=W?K‹R.p>RzKML w S°WV Q WSNK-RdV Q S?K˜w S©XLP]dR P?KMRdV Q V^QK…KVkq#®Vkq>X ]dRL ¢°]P

ˆ c cc c c c c

PWKMS?q>X

c m

Iq>X3Q VK1XSŒKMSX‹XPRdQkT,]S’N XV>WS

c2c

q c S c K c

K-X-q&W?K1q XL

c

Sj]_V^Q"q>Qw LWVkq>N>P

ˆ

Sxn-V Q W?KMRdV Q Q S%]

w S

c

PW?KMR.p>RzKML

c T c

Sj]_VlQƒ]S

c

e9L?KMRdSX

c‚›

Vq SQ W=V^XS

¨¡

Txe–PjR

c

L ˆ

P]dSe9SQ%Kvq>Qfw>LWVq>N>P

ˆ

SO RLXPXWO R

‘

q&ST

‘

q&Rlp&Pyw%qWO Snsw SN XV®SKsP?q r9N>±l]dS

c

w S

WV e’N>L?KMS#Q>WS

c m ” WS]P

c P‹®Vq KMS§q>Q w LWVq>N>P

ˆ S ¢ ]dP¦n-VlR

c©c L ‘

qSQK-RS] S?K

n-VlQkW?KMRdV^Q QkS]dT

‘

q<R"n-XPWK‹RdV Q Q S]PW?KMR_p>RŽKMLSQ w^Rn•nMLXSQKMS

c

LKMPN>S

c

T"W#O P

‘

q&SL?KMPN>S

P

c2c

q>XPQKDq>Q Sxn-V Q WK‹RdV Qf`>RSQ"N XLWR

c

Sm A],nMPRzK]-†Vk`#®2S?Kw<†.q&Q S’n-V^Xe)P]R

c

PK‹RdV Q Tlp>R

c

PQ%K

¢ P

cc Rˆ

QkSXŒq&Q X± ]dS SK£w S

c

XS

c

N>V Q

c

P`>Rd]RzKML

c

N XLWR

c S c ¢ WO PW?q&QŠw S

c

PW?KMSq>X

c

w%q

N XV>WS

c2c q c

SKv¢P

cc

q>XSX,q>QkSZK1XP=P?`>R]RzKMLw S

c

PWK‹RdV Q

c

XLP]dR

c

L=S

c m

2 ‚ Œ1+-%$&v ‚>2 !75,"* 2 ‚&’

!(): 12

H9Vkq

c

P?p>V Q

c

N XR

c

]S(N>PX•K-R>w SQ Vq

c

n-V>WP]dR

c

SX

c

q>X/]-†P=p&P]&w SWS(N XV>WS

c2c q c

T>¢

c

Pp^VlR.X

]-†1PWK‹R.p>RzKML)w S’XLP]dR

c

P?KMRdV Q T,SK

c

q>X/q>Q"N>±^]_Sxw S)WV e’N>L?KMS#Q WS

c ]dP

c Rˆ QkPj]R

c

P?KMRdV Q<m^CP

XL=Pj]dR

c

PK‹RdV Q T£w SXQ R“#XS‰N>O P

c S w%qƒN XV>WS c2c

q c T’S

c

Kw Ln-R'Q>RSJW=Vle)efS

c

V Qe9PR]d]dVlQ

WXRzKMR

‘

q&ST SQ%K-XS P?q K-XS

c

N>P#XWS

‘

qv†S]d]S WV>e’N X2SQ w ]P NlOkP

c S K-XP?p>P?q>r>T

N>PX-K-RdW?q&]R“XSe9SQ%K

c

SQ

c

R.`&]SmA]

c

†P

ˆ

RzKBw SŒ]PŒw S#X‹Q R“XSyL?K-PN>SyP?p^PjQKse)R

c

SŒSQ

c

S#Xp>RWS

w Ln-R'Q>RzKMR.p&S w S

c

Q Vq p>S]]S

c

RdQ

c

KMPj]d]P?KMRdV Q

c T N>Vkq p^PjQKƒRde)Nl]dR

‘

q[SX w S©Q Vq p>S]]S

c

KMSW#OQ V>]dV

ˆ

RdS

c T w S c¦c

h c KM“e9S

c

KMSW#O Q R

‘

q&S

c

R'Q QkV^p>PQK

c

Q<†‡P=h^PQ%K˜®Pe9PR

c

L?KML

S?rkNl]_VlRzKML

c

P?q>N&PXP?p&PQKMT

c

q>X ]dS

c‘

q&Sj]

c

V Q Q S˜w R

c

N>V

c S N>P

c

SQkWV^XSŸw SƒXSK-Vq>X

w<†Sr N>LXRSQ WSm

\3S?KKMS’PW?K-R.p>RzKML’nMPjRŽK

c

q&RzKMS)P?q"K-XP?p^PjR]vw SxW=V^QkWSNKMRdV^Q&mE]]S£w VlRzK¢’]P–n-V>R

cc

†1P

cc q>XSX

w S)]dPZ®‹q

c

KMS

c2c

S)S?K²w Sx]dP)n‹RP=`>R]RzKML)w S

cc V>]zq K‹R_V^Q

c

KMSWO Q R

‘

q&S

c

WV Qq&S

c

T,e)PR

c

P?q

cc

R

]S

c

e)S?K1K-XS7SQ q p XSS?Kv]dS

c

KMS

c

KMS#XD]dV^X

c

w S

c

N OkP

c S c

w SZK-XPp>P?q r9SKDS

cc PR

c m

”

N X“

c

]PyXLP]R

c

PK‹RdV Q T<N>]zq

c

w Su`^PX‹XR“XS

c ]-†.q<Q R

‘

q&SŒ`&Vq&W]dS’w SŒXP?KK-XP#N>P

ˆ

SŒXS

c

KMPQ%K

S c

Ky]-†Sr N>]dVlRŽKMPjQK

‘

q&RQ S

c

SXPN>P

c

n-V^XWLefSQKy¢e9¤e9S w Sw LKMSW?KMSX£w S

c

SX‹XSq>X

c

L?p^SQ%K1q&S]d]S

c

TlWS

‘

q&SW=V^Qtn•RdXe9S DPq<]

&

!

"

#$

&%)'

(

)

#$*

#

+ #(

,-

(

. 0/

21& 3(

54

6

%

(

/

7'

7

#98

:/

;

/

,=<

# '

&

(

/

#

71

?>,

bQ…p^VlRzKw V Q W ]PŠN XS

cc

R_VlQ¢J]P

‘

q&S]]S

c

V Q%K

c

Vq>e)R

c

]S

cc Rˆ

Q P]R

c

PKMS?q>X

c

T£S?K"]dP

XS

c

N>V Q

c

P`>R]RzKML"SQKMSXe)S

c

w S

c

L%Wq>XRŽKMLšn-SXMXVkp>R_PjRdXS

‘

q&RDN>“

c S c q>Xy]Sq>X

c

LN>P?q&]S

c

q>QkS R'Q

c

KMP]']P?KMRdV Q™e9P]yWV^Q@?q[STZq>QJ` XPjQkWO Se9SjQK9efP]7XLP]R

c

L=TZq<QkS SX‹XS?q>XfQkV^Q

w L?KMS=W¨KMLS=TfSK‚WS#]dP™N>S?q K‚W=V^Qkw%q>R.XS€¢…]P€WV ]']R

c

RdV>Q TfPq w LXPjRd]]Se9SQ%KMT9P?p>SW€]dS

c

WV Q

c L ‘ q&SQ WS

cs‘

q&S]-†V Q)RdefP

ˆ

RdQ>S(N>Vq>XD]dS

c q c P ˆ S#X

c m

m1mCP

c Rˆ Q P]R

c

P?K-R_V^Q

]dPnMPWSWPWOkL%Sw S]dP

c

LW?q>XRzKMLn-SX‹XVp>RdPRdXS

CS

c

XR

c‘

q[S

c

¢¯N>].q

cˆ

XPjQkw N>V%KMSQ%K-RS] w S Q%q&R

c

PjQ>W=S w PQ

c

]S w Vle–PjRdQ>S—w%q

nMSX‹XVp>RdPRdXS

c

V^QK]dP™WV ]d]R

c

R_VlQS?K]dS™w LXPjR]d]Se9SjQKMTKPQ%KšSQ KMS#Xe–S

c

w S w L

ˆ'A K c

Oq<e9PRdQ

c

TZe9P?KML#X‹RSj]

c

TZS#Qp>R'XV^Q QkSje9SQ%KMPq r>T

‘

q&S n•RdQ>PQ>WRdSX

c

m/\3S

c

XR

c‘

qS

c

‹]¢

c

V Q%K

w V Q W™¢ N XLp>SQ RdX‚SQƒN XR_V^XRzKMLmy\†S

c

KN XRdQ WRdN>P]Se9S%QKœ¢™]P

c Rˆ Q P]R

c

PK‹RdV Q

‘

q[S

XSp>RSQKs]dPK

A

WjOkSŒw S’]S

c

N XL?p&SQ R.Xm%C²S

c7c Rˆ

Q Pqlr

ˆ

PXPQK-R

cc SQ%Ks]-†S

c

N>PWSe9SjQKsSQK-XS

]S

c

K-XPRdQ

c›

w V^QkW

ˆ

PXPjQK

c

w%q„Q V Q•XPKK-XPN>P

ˆ S ¡

SK3]dP9W%Vq p>S#X•K1q XS9w%qK-XPRdQ ]dV X

c

w S

S e9PQuq>p XS WS]PŒXS?p>RSQ%KB¢ †P q>XSX q&S’]S(K-XPR'Q9S Kv`>RSjQ9N XV%KML L q>X V Q