NRC Fire Research

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NRC Fire Research

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NRC Fire Research

Thomas, R.

ORAL-599

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NRC Fire Research

ULC Fire Council

11 – 12

th

_{May 2004}

ULC Fire Council

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Fire Research

• Fire Safety of Large Structures

– Fire detection and suppression – Smoke movement and control

– Human behaviour in emergencies

• Evaluation of Fire Performance

– Performance of new and existing materials in fire

– Performance of fire detection and suppression systems – Impact of “real world” fires & “performance” approach.

• Fire Safety of Transportation Systems

– Road, rail, and metro tunnel/bridge fire safety

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Water Mist Technology

Fire, mist models Machinery space Aircraft Computer Modeling Mist Characteristics Mist/fire interaction Mist systems

Supper heated mist Cycling discharge IntelMistTM New Techniques Experiment Research Machinery space Data Center Cooking area Mist extinguisher Industrial oil cokers Explosion Suppression Combat vehicle protection

Applications

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Water Mist Technology – Cycling Mist

Discharge

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Tim e (s) O xyg en C o n cen ta ti o n ( %

) cyc ling dis cha rge

co ntinuing dis charge

• Discharge approach: on and off • Tactical consequence

– Creating a hot environment for generation of more hot steam; – Reducing oxygen concentration

by steam expansion, fire consumption;

– Creating strong dynamic

mixings in the compartment; • Enhancing water mist capability

– Accelerating extinguishing process;

– Reducing water quantity; – Capable of extinguishing

challenging fires where

continuous discharge does not work well.

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Water Mist Technology – Industrial

Oil Cookers

• Testing Facility

– Four sets of oil cooker mock-ups up to 8 ft x 10 ft long frying area; – Cooking oil up to 1000 L (6.6 MW); • Water Mist System

– Discharge pressure: 60 – 100 psi; – Drop size (D_v90): 350 micron;

– Flow rate/nozzle: 30 – 35 L/min; • Testing Results

– Extinguishing time: 4 – 7 s; – Water quantity: 40 L;

– No re-ignition;

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Fixed Compressed Air Foam Systems

• Use on Large Scale Electrical

Transformer Systems

• Aircraft Hangers

• Research project on use in Northern

Housing – NRC/CMHC/NWT

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Cigarette Ignition Potential Test

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Risk Management Tools

FiRECAM for Residential

Buildings is now available free

on-line

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Performance of FRP Strengthened

Members Exposed to Fire

• Benefits

– Superior performance

• Strength, durability • Corrosion resistance

• Applications

– Bridges, infrastructure projects

– Buildings, parking garages

• FRP – Internal and external reinforcement

– Retrofitting – columns, beams – Rebars and prestressing rods

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Scope of the Project

FRP-strengthened beam-slab assemblies

Full-scale

FRP-wrapped columns

Intermediate-scale

FRP-strengthened slabs

Fire endurance experiments

Thermal analysis

Analytical modelling

_{Strength analysis}

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Project Elements

Test Setup for Slabs

-FRP sheet and various fire protection schemes to be tested Applied Load FRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beam (Instrumented with thermocouples & strain gauges) A A Section A-A CAN/ULC S -101 Standard Fire

FRP sheet and various fire protection schemes to be tested Applied Load FRP-Reinforced Concrete Beam (Instrumented with thermocouples & strain gauges) A A Section A-A CAN/ULC S -101 Standard Fire • Experimental Studies – 10 full-scale fire tests – 12 small-scale fire tests – evaluate fire protection • Numerical Studies

– develop computer programs – parametric studies

• Develop Design Procedures • Outcome

– computer models – design procedures

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Summary – FRP Research-to-date

• Three full-scale fire endurance experiments were carried out on circular and square columns with glass and carbon FRP wraps.

• Preliminary numerical models developed.

• Studies to-date suggest that - FRP-wrapped columns, that are

adequately protected, can achieve a 4-hour fire endurance rating.

• Research is in progress for

developing computer models and design guidance

for the use of FRP under fire conditions.

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Investigation of Emergency

Ventilation Strategies in Road

Tunnels

T ra f fi c

Tunnels

Airflow pattern

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OBJECTIVES

¾

Evaluate the effectiveness of current

ventilation strategies to control smoke spread

in the event of a fire

¾

R

ecommend guidelines for improving

ventilation operation to maximize intervention

effectiveness

¾

Finding an appropriate numerical simulation

model to study the

behaviour

of smoke in

tunnels

¾

Recommendations will allow future

development of automatic emergency

ventilation operations

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INVESTIGATED TUNNEL

Geometry

INVESTIGATED TUNNEL

Geometry

4.5% 4.5% 0.25% 1.8 km NO RT H 12.8m 3.4m 3.4m 12.8m 4.9m North Direction

North Direction South DirectionSouth Direction upper vents upper vents lower vents lower vents Service corridors Service corridors of ventilation and of ventilation and evacuation evacuation

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Main Scenario

Traf fic

Mai

n scen

ario

Mid-tunn el Exhaust North Roadway North Roadway Evacuation path Evacuation path Opening vents Opening vents