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Etude géologique des terrains de fondation du barrage de Bou-Hanifia

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Etude géologique des terrains de fondation du barrage de Bou-Hanifia

FALCONNIER, Alfred, LOMBARD, Augustin

FALCONNIER, Alfred, LOMBARD, Augustin. Etude géologique des terrains de fondation du barrage de Bou-Hanifia. Bulletin technique de la Suisse romande , 1942, vol. 68, no. 12, p.

133-142

DOI : 10.5169/SEALS-51805

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:138216

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

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