إنعكاس الضغط الجماهيري على أداء لاعبي كرة اليد أثناء المقابلة صنف أواسط من 17-19 سنة

(1)

ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻨﺇ

ﻁﺴﺍﻭﺃ ﻑﻨﺼ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ

ﻥﻤ

17

17 ﻰﻝﺇ

ﻰﻝﺇ

19

19 ﺔﻨﺴ

ﺔﻨﺴ

ج وأ

أ

ة

ا

او

ا ت ط

ا ت

و م "

ة #

ج $

**ةد & ' ت () *+**

), + ا

-نا

او

ا ت ط

ا ت

و م "

ا

/0$)

:

ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ

.

ع

+ ا

:

ا ,ارد

ـد ا ةر د أ ض

ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺎﺒ ـ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﺃ ﻑﻨﺼ

"إ *

ـ

دا

( ا

:

فا &إ

ر ) ا

-ةر يو

.

ا

ـ

ّ

7 ا 8

:

2014

-2015

(2)

ه

أ نأو ي او

و

أ ا

أ نأ

زوأ بر

!" # ا كد & '

( ) *دأو

"

, - - ./ و

,

&/ " ا

1 2 & ا ا3ھ م

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) ك (أ

8 9 9أ !") 7ھ س3 ا

ﷲ <9 8 س ا <9 8

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ذ />ا ا )?@ ا < ) م 6 أ

A'ا ا

2 & ا ?@ أ نأ ' ن B

,

-

C أ نأ نود با7# ا !"( ,@< ا C او

درو DE )

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:

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ي3 ا ,& او بو3

N

3O 9

,

PQ و

!9 ا ? -ار

,

"@ ا & ن '

< ) AR7 أ B ءا7 >ا F"' م

عرا7 ' F) ل Rو ه 9 ' D

( ذ /أ B ا

) وأ U9 E !- 97 - وأ 9د - ن7 ا 9 م ' !- B ا

"

ه

أ نأو ي او

و

أ ا

أ نأ

زوأ بر

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( ) *دأو

@ - V أ ي3 ا ا

,

,VE - Uھو و

,

, - - ./ و

2 & ا ا3ھ م

) 6"'7 و

- او

) ك (أ

8 /و A" ﷲ

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ﷲ <9 8 س ا <9 8

!--او '

,

DOKاز فو ( N DEد

ن

,

ذ />ا ا )?@ ا < ) م 6 أ

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A'ا ا

2 & ا ?@ أ نأ ' ن B

VQ ا !"( AR7 او X # ا ن '

ا

,

C أ نأ نود با7# ا !"( ,@< ا C او

D 9

ا A K

درو DE )

7 7- D<E - 8F 7&E

D @ ا ء H أ ة3 /J 6K ' -ا (ا

3 /أ D' B ا 9 6 FEاروأ

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ة3 /Nا B3 )

"

د7 C- O9

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X '

,

!9 ا ? -ار

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عرا7 ' F) ل Rو ه 9 ' D

( ذ /أ B ا

) وأ U9 E !- 97 - وأ 9د - ن7 ا 9 م ' !- B ا

ه

أ نأو ي او

و

أ ا

أ نأ

زوأ بر

@ - V أ ي3 ا ا

2 & ا ا3ھ م

) 6"'7 و

- او

) ك (أ

8 /و A" ﷲ

- "& D C) ءا Eاو

-او '

م

ا

"

?9? ا & / /

VQ ا !"( AR7 او X # ا ن '

ا

درو DE )

7 7- D<E - 8F 7&E

D @ ا ء H أ ة3 /J 6K ' -ا (ا

ما (ا

,

3 /أ D' B ا 9 6 FEاروأ

ة3 /Nا B3 )

< ) AR7 أ B ءا7 >ا F"' م

عرا7 ' F) ل Rو ه 9 ' D

( ذ /أ B ا

) وأ U9 E !- 97 - وأ 9د - ن7 ا 9 م ' !- B ا

(3)

ب

ت ر ا

أ

ل و ت

ا

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ا

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+ ر !&و , - ا ' ل ا ح # / 0او

ا $12 +3 $ ر 4 # -را

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,

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يد6 و

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ا EC3

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او ء :; ا K ر ا

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,

ف # ط R ا

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ي ا '$ O ا K ا ا + د ;=

م

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ا C و ة $ أ + 60ا ا

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B 63 % + $ ا #= ه Hأ

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ءاK Nا + 60ا

س B , X و يو - , X !4 ا

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:

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ي

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,

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ةر =

,

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ا

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C ا + 0ا عرزو ة $ ا ; +

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Xا A ا +% +; Z&وو ! Nاو

+ 1 او P$C ا ا

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6 و ن6; ا < +3 ' !4 ا

ير E

**+C & \ K أ ا ما -*او P ا !4 E ي # ة ] ي ھأ + ارا**

او

ةر

(4)

ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ

ر ا

-ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺭﻜﺸ .

أ

-ﺇ ﺀﺍﺩﻫ .

ب

-ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ .

ج

-لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ .

ي

-لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ .

ك

-ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ

ل

-ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ .

ن

ﻡﺎﻋ لﺨﺩﻤ

:

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ

.

1 -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ .

02

2 -ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ .

02

3 -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ .

02

4 ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ .

03

5 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ .

03

6 ﺘ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤ .

04 ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ

:

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ -ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ .

07

لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ : ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎــﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐــﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ 1 -1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ

09

1 -1 -1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻌﻔﻤ

09 ا ى

(5)

د ﺃ -ﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺎﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻁﻐﻀ

09

ﺏ -ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ

09

1 -2 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﺍ

09

1 -2 -1 -ﺭﺍﺫﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ

09

1 -2 -2 -ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ

10

1 -2 -3 -ﻙﺎﻬﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ

10

1 -3 -ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ

10

1 -3 -1 -ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ (tension)

10

1 -3 -2 -لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ (emotion)

10

1 -3 -3 -ﺓﺭﺎﺜﻻﺍ (stimulation )

11

1 -4 -ب أ ا

11

1 -4 -1 -ا ب أ

11

1 -4 -2 ب أ

11

أ -لو ا !"# ا

12

ب -$% & ا !"# ا

12

1 -5 -ا ' ( )* -او + ,- -ا ق ط

12

1 -5 -1 -+0 1# ا ق ط

12

1 -5 -2 -&+02 ق ط

12

1 -5 -3 -3 4 و ا ' ( )* ا ق ط

13

أ -5او $ ھ7 ا ء 9 5ا $ ": ا ء 9

13

ب -$ 5ا $") ا ج4; ا

13

1 -6 -ا ر =-ا

14

1 -6 -1 -- --> " ا ر =5ا

14

1 -6 -2 -?-1" ا ر =5ا

14

1 -7 -ي ھ : ا ا

14

1 -7 -1 -@ ا

14

1 -7 -2 -ي ھ : ا ا م- )

15

أ -$Bا 5ا (+ ;

15

ب -ا- C ;? ي ھ : ا ا

15

1 -7 -3 ي ھ : ا ا ف @أ

15

أ -$ 1

15

$ 1

15

(6)

ت -0+ G ا ر- : ا

15

ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ : ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ 1 -2 -$H + ا ءاد ا

17

1 -2 -1 -$H + ا ءاد ا م- )

17

1 -2 -2 -ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ

17

أ -ا- ءاد ا

17

ﺏ -ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ

17

ﺕ -ﺕﺎﻁﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ

17

ﺙ -ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ

17

ﺝ -ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻴ ﻲﻔﻴﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ

17

ﺡ -ﻲﺒﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ

18

1 -2 -3 -$H + ا ءاد ا ت = $I بر0 ا رود

18

1 -2 -4 -$"I ا $H + ا ءاد ا و J1# ا

19

1 -2 -5 -ءاد ا !+-# 0 بر0 ا تار ا $H + ا

19

1 -2 -6 -K 4 ا ءادأ L1 ھ =M و H + ا ت "I 1 ") ا NB C* ا

20

1 -2 -7 -ءاد ا -%و "I ا OB % س أ L1 ' H + ا J C ت QI

21

أ -0 : ا ءاد او K"> ا

21

ب -( ;H ءاد ا '> و K"> ا

21

ت -0 ءاد ا '> ةر "* ا

21

ث ةر "* ا او ( ;H K;1

22

ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ : ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ .

1 -3 -ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ

24

1 -3 -1 -ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ

24

ﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺨﺭﺎﺘ ﺓﺫﺒﻨ

24

ﺏ -ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ

24

1 -3 -2 -ﺏﻌﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ

25

ﺃ ﺏﻌﻠﻤﻝﺍ

25

ﺏ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺭﻤ

25

ﺕ -ﻰﻤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ

25

ﺙ -ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﺒﺘ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ

25

(7)

و ﺝ -ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ

26

ﺡ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ

26

ﺥ -ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺍﺩﻻﺍ ﺀﻻﺩﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ

26

ﺀ -ﻥﻭﺒﻋﻻﺍ

26

ﺫ -ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ

27

ﺭ -ﻰﻤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﺤ

27

1 -3 -ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻌﻠﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨ

27

1 -3 -1 -ﺏﻌﻠﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨ

27

ﺃ -ﻲﻤﻭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﻝﺍ

27

ﺏ -ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺠﻬﻝﺍ

28

ﺕ -ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺠﻬﻝﺍ

28

ﺙ -ﻡﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ) ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺠﻫ (

28

ﺡ -ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﻝﺍ

28

1 -3 -2 -ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ

29

ﺃ -ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﺴﻤ

29

ﺏ -ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻤﺘ

29

ﺕ -ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴﺍ

29

ﺙ -ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﻨﺘ

29

ﺝ -ﻉﺍﺩﺨﻝﺍ

30

ﺡ -ﺏﻴﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ

30

ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﺌﻓ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ) 17 -19 (

1 -4 -ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ

32

1 -4 -1 -ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤ

32

ﺃ -ﻲﻤﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ

32

ﺏ -ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ

32

ﺕ -ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ

33

ﺙ -ﻲﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ

33

ﺝ -ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ

33

(8)

1 -4 -2 -ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ

33

1 -4 -3 -ﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔ

34

ﺃ -ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ

34

ﺏ -ﺔﻋﺭﺴﻝﺍ

34

ﺕ -ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ

34

ﺙ -لﻤﺤﺘﻝﺍ

34

1 -4 -4 ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ) ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ . (

35

1 -4 -5 -ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ

35

ﺃ -ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ

35

ﺏ -ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ

35

ﺕ -ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ

35

ﺔﺼﻼﺨ

36 ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

:

ﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ

-ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ .

38

2 -1 -ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ

39

2 -1 -1 -ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

39

1 ﻥﻴﻤﻷﺍﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﻨﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ 2009 -2010

39

2 ﻥﻴﺩﻤﻭﺒ ﺭﺎﻔﺤﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ 2012 -2013

41

3 ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﺴﻴﺍﺭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ 2010 -2011

43

4 ﻅﻭﻔﺤﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﺸ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ 2009 -2010

45

2 -2 -ﻴﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁ

49

1 -ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ

49

2 -ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ

49

3 -ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ

49

4 -ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ

49

ﺔﺼﻼﺨ

50

(9)

ح

ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ

:

ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

.

لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ

:

ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ

.

-ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ .

53

3 -1 -ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

54

3 -2 -ﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ-ﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ

54

3 -3 -ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

54

3 -3 -1 -ﻊﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ

54

3 -3 -2 -ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ

54

3 -4 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ

54

3 -4 -1 -لﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ

54

3 -4 -2 -ﻊﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ

54

3 -5 ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ) ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ (

54

3 -6 -ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ

55

3 -7 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ

55

3 -7 -1 -ﻱﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﺠﻤ

55

3 -7 -2 -ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤ لﺎﺠﻤ

55

3 -7 -3 -ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺯ لﺎﺠﻤ

55

3 -8 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ

56

أ -ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ

56

1 -ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ

56

2 -ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻑﺼﻨ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ

56

لﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺼﻨﻝﺍ

56

ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨﻝﺍ

56

3 -9 -ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ

56

3 -9 -1 -ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ

56

1 -ﺓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ

56

2 -ﺔﻨﻨﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ

56

(10)

3 -ﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝ

56

3 -10 -ﺓﺍﺩﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ) ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺘﻤﻭﻜﻴﺴ (

57

3 -10 -1 ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻭ ﻕﺩﺼ

57

3 -11 -ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ

57

ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻝﺍ

58

لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ : ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ . -ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ .

60

4 -1 لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ

79

4 -2 -ﺎﺒﺎﺠﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ

82

4 -3 -ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ

83

ﺔﺼﻼﺨ

84

ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ

85

ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ

86

ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺽﻭﺭﻓﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ

87

ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏ ﻭﻴﻠﺒﻴﺒﻝﺍ

89

ﻕﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ

ﻡﻗﺭ ﻕﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ ) 01 (

(11)

ي لواد ا ا نا ا ا 01 ا ف ط ا إ ا ض 61 02 ا ي ھ ا ا ! 62 03 "# $ % &' ر )*+ا , ! 63 04 ر- . ر-# ا / ز ھأ "# 2 , ا 64 05 "# ا3#*ا ء أ ر-# ا ف ) 65 06 ر-# ا ة 67 ط 66 07 ر-# ا تاد 7:*; "# 2 , ا ! 68 08 ر-# 6 < ا / ز ھ+ا = <> ا ى, 3 @ : ا نا,7' 69 09 ! ت ر ا ء ا ت $ر, ا &' ر-# ا #7 B &: ا ثا,D+ > ا 70 10 ا ا د دزا &' ي ھ ا د, ا ! ةد ز 71 11 ةار ا &' 6 3# ا ب 2أ ل-D ا 6> $إ 72 12 &<G ا H: ا ل-D ا يأر 74 13 ع- % ةار ا J <G* "ھ H &: ا 6 K ا سور, ا 75 14 ي ھ ا ا N ; O بر, ا م @ 76 15 ر-# & < ا ا N بر, ا م @ ر-H 6 <* 77 16 Q G ا &' &<G ا H ا '- 6 * R إ ل-D ا يأر 6 <* 78 17 د-$و م, 6 D &' &<G ا H: > م-7 ا 6> $إ &<G ا H ا 79

(12)

ل ا ا نا ا ا 01 ا ف ط ا إ ا ض ة اد 61 02 ا ي ھ # ا ا $% ة اد 62 03 ة اد &' ( ) *+ ر - .ا / % 63 04 ر0' # ا 1 ز ھأ &' 4 / ا ر0 5 ة اد 64 05 &' ا6' ا ء $أ ر0' # ا ف - ة اد 65 06 ر0' # ا ة 8 ط ة اد 66 07 / ا $% ة اد ر0' # ا تاد 8: ; &' 4 68 08 ا 1 ز ھ.ا < = ا ى/ 6 ? : ا نا/8+ ة اد ر0' # 69 09 *+ ر0' # ا '8 A *: ا ثا/C. = ا $% ة اد ت ر ا ء $ا ت (ر/ ا 70 10 $% ةد ز ة اد ا د دزا *+ ي ھ # ا د/ ا ا 71 11 ةار ا *+ 6' ا ب 4أ ل0C ا = (إ ة اد 72 12 * F ا G: ا ل0C ا يأر ة اد 74 13 F &ھ G *: ا H ا سور/ ا ع0 ) ة اد ةار ا L M 75 14 ي ھ # ا ا N ; O بر/ ا م ? ة اد 76 15 * ا ا N بر/ ا م ? ر0G ة اد ر0' # 77 16 *+ * F ا G ا +0 Q إ ل0C ا يأر ة اد R F ا 78 17 م/ C *+ * F ا G: = م08 ا = (إ ة اد * F ا G ا د0(و 79

(13)

ل ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ : ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺱ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﺃ ﻑﻨﺼ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ 17 -19 ﻨﺴ ﺕﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺔ ﻓﺩﻫ ﺎﻬ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺜﺃ ﻼﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻴﺒﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﺒ ﺕﻤﻗ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻥ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺍ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻝ لﻫ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ لﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻕﺒﺴﻤ لﺤﻜﻭ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ : ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺏﻋﻻ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻁﻐﻀ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺌﺍﺩﺃ . ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ : 1 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﺭﺜﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ . 2 ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻔﻴ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 3 ﻥﻤ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺎﻌﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺎﺒ . ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺎﺒ ﺕﻤﻗ : ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﺩﻴﺭﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭ ﻕﺭﻓ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝ ﻱﻭﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﺃ ﻑﻨﺼ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ 2014 / 2015 ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝ ﻲﺌﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺏ ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ 138 ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻋﺯﻭﻤ ﺏﻋﻻ 09 ﻲﺘﻵﺎﻜ ﺕﺘﺃ ﻕﺭﻓ :

OS Ghozlane-GSS Ghozlane-DRB Kadiria-CA M’chedallah-OSA Aghbalou-MH AA Bessam ﺎﻤﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﻲ ﺫﺨﺄﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ 03 ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺭﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻠﻤﺘﺸﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ 36 ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻋﺯﻭﻤ ﺏﻋﻻ : 12 ﻡﺎﺴﺒ ﻥﻴﻋ لﺎﻤﺃ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻋﻻ . 12 ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻴﺒﻤﻝﻭﺃ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻋﻻ . 12 ﺏﻋﻻ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸ ﺩﺌﺍﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ . ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ،ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺸﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﻀ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻡﻅﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻲﻁﻌﺘ 36 ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻜ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺏﻋﻻ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﺜﻤﺘﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﺌﻔﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻠﺜﻤﺘ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ 17 -19 ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺴ 36 ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﺒﻋﻻ 03 ﺫﺨﺃ ﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻕﺭﻓ 12 لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺒﻋﻻ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻡﺘ،ﻕﻴﺭﻓ 36 ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻓ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻁﺸﻨﻴ ﺏﻋﻻ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﻻﻭﻝﺍ . ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ 36 لﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻋﻻ 138 لﺩﺎﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ 25 % ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻡﺘ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ) 03 ( ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ : -ﻡﺎﺴﺒ ﻥﻴﻋ لﺎﻤﺁ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ . ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻴﺒﻤﻝﻭﺃ .

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-ﺔﻴﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸ ﺩﺌﺍﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺯﻝﺃ ﺭﺒﻤﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﻬﺸ ﺭﺨﺍﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻡﺘ 2014 ﺱﺭﺎﻤ ﺭﻬﺸ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ 2015 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ،ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ ﻥﻤ 01 ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱﺭﺎﻤ 30 لﻴﺭﻓﺃ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻊﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﻡﺌﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ . ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﻴ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺕﻤﻗ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻤﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺠﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ : ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻠﻘﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﺌﺍﺩﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴﻭ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﻴﻭ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻀﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ . ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ : ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺍﻭﻌﻤﺠﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻪﺌﺍﺩﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻩﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻭ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺭﺎﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﻪﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺏﻼﻘﻨﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﺒ ﻥﻴﺩﺩﺭﺘﻤ ﻡﻫﺩﺠﺘ ﻕﻠﻗ ﻭ ﺓﺯﻓﺭﻨ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺙﺩﺤﻴﻓ ﻩﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺤﻴ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺱﻜﻌﻴ ﻭ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻠﺴ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﺎﻜﻭ ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺎﺠﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻁﺄﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻰﺼﻘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻑﻝﺎﺨﻴ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﺘ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ لﻜﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ .

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ن ﻤﺩﻘﻤ ــ ﺔ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺴﻴﺒﺤ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻝﻭﺤﺘ لﺒ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﻪﻴﻓﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﺌﺸﻨﺄﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻤﺸﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ... ﺦﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺨﺭﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻕﻔﺘﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭ ،ﺕﺎﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ . ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻡﹼﻠﺴﻤ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻻﺎﺒﻗﺇ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒﻌﺸﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ) ﻝﺍ ﺱﺄﻜ ﻴﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻌ ـــ ﺔ .( ﺎﻬﻌﺒﻁ ﻡﻜﺤﻴﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ،ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻩﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺎﻜ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻫﺍﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻑﻘﻴ ﺎﺼﻴﻭﻋ ﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ . ﻥﻤﻭ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻲﻨﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﺃ ﻑﻨﺼ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ 17 -19 ﺔﻨﺴ . ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻜﺘﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻲﻫ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ : ؟ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻝ لﻫ ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﻤﺴﻘﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﺘﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﺒ ﺕﻤﻗ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﻅﻨ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘﻭ ﻲﺜﺤﺒﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻠﻝ ﺹﺼﺨﻤ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ لﺼﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﻨﺼﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻤﺃ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻊﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ـ ﺍ ﺎ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘﻜ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺽﺭﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ لﻤﺸ ﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺍﺭﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﺎﻴ . ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻁ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺤﻝ . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻠﻤﺸ ﺩﻗﻭ 36 ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝ ﺎﺒﻋﻻ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻺﻝ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻁﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﺘ .

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ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﺒ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﺃ ﻑﻨﺼ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻭﺒﻋﻻ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺔﻠﺼﻭﺤﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺘﺨﺘﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻓﺭﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﻪﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺍﻭﻌﻤﺠﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻡﻫﺀ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨ . ﺢﺌﺎﺼﻨﻭ ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﺫﺨﺄﺒ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺎﻌﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺠﻭ ﻥﺇ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻀﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻻﻭﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺏﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ .

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ا

- 2 -1 -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ : ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻋﻭﻴﺸ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻭﻁﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻠﺠ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻅﻭﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ . ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺕﻻﻭﻁﺒﺒ ﺕﺎﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘﻭ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﻁﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻌﻓﺩﻨﻴ ﻥﻭﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻔﻓ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﺤﻭﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻱﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻌﻓﺭﻴﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺩﻬﺠ ﻥﻭﻝﺫﺒﻴﻭ ﺏﻌﻠﻝ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻊﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻕﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﻹ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﻭﻌﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ ﻡﻬﻤﻼﺴﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻓﺭﻤ ﻥﻭﺭﻭﻁﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ . ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻭ ﻙﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﻓ ﻡﻫﺯﻔﺤﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺊﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻤ ﻍﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻪﺘﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﻤﻴﺯﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻋﻼﻝ ﻊﻓﺭﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺄﻴﻭ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﻊﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻑﺩﻬﻜ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻪﺌﺍﺩﺃ . ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀ ﻥﺍ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺏﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻥﻭﺯﻜﺭﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ لﺒ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻡﻬﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ . ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻨ : -ﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻝ لﻫ ﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻱﺭ ﻁﺴﺍﻭ ؟ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﺘ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ : -؟ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ -ﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀ-ﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺎﻤ ؟ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠ -؟ﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀﺒ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺨﺘﻠﻝ لﻫ 2 -ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ : -ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ : -ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻠﻝ -ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻠﻘﻴ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺎﻌﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ . 3 -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ : ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ،ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻌﻤﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺕﻤﻗ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻁﻐﻀﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻝ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻤ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻭ،ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ . -ﻡﻬﺌﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ .

(18)

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4 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ : ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ،ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﺜﻜﺇﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ . 5 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ : ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﺜﺃﻭ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ . -ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ . ﺏﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺒﻤﻠﻝ . 6 -ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ : 1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻐﻝ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ :( ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻤ ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﺇ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ) ﺱﺅﺒﻝﺍ ( ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺃﺯﺠ ) Stresse ( ﻭ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ) Déstresse ( ﺱﺅﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ .

(Dictionnaire Encyclopèdie de psychologie, 1980)

1 -1 ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻜ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻭﻫ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﺴﺠﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ . 2 -ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ : ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻭﺃ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻓ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﺼﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺩﻴﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻡﻫﺭﺍﻭﺩﺄﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ . 3 ﺓﺭﻜ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ : ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻡﻀﻴ،ﻥﻴﺒﺨﺘﻨﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺔﺒﻌﻝ ﻲﻫ 07 ﻥﻭﻤﺭﻴﻭ ﻥﻭﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻴﻭ ﻥﻭﺭﺭﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻻ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺒﻜﺍ لﺠﺴﻴ ﻥﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ لﻜ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﻌﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻏﻭﺍﺭﻴﻭ ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﻭﻔﻴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺠﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ . ﺩﻤ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺸﺒ ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺠﺘﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﺘ 30 ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﺤﺍﺭ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻭ،ﻁﻭﺸ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ 10 ﻕﺌﺎﻗﺩ . (WWW-google.com.) 4 ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ : ﻯﺩﺃ ) ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘ ( ﺍ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍ،ﻩﺩﺩﺴ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻪﻠﺼﻭﺃ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ،ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﻷ . 4 -1 ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : ﻯﺭﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﻠﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻌﻔﻴ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺢﻴﺭﺼﻭ . ) ،ﺔﺠﻓ ﺎﻀﺭ 2002 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 51 ( 4 -2 ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ : لﺼﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﻜﻭﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻭﻫ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ . 5 -ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ : ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻭﺃ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻝﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭ ﺙﺩﺤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃﻭ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻤ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﺎﻤ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇﻭ .

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م

ا

- 4 -6 -ﻁﺴﺍﻭﻷﺍ : ﺎﻤ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ لﺎﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻋ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ لﺒﻗ . ) ،ﺔﺠﻓ ﺎﻀﺭ 2002 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 51 (

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ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ : ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻀﻘﺘ ﻪﻴﻔﻓ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﻠﺘ ﻰﻘﻠﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻻ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﺒﻌﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻬﻴﺩﺒ ﻥﻭﻨﻘﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﻬﺸﻤ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ

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ي ھ

ا

ا و

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1 -1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ : ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ , ﻊﻤ ﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺎﻌﻴﺭﺴ ﺎﻔﻴﻜﺘ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . 1 -1 -1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻌﻔﻤ : ﺃ -ﺎﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ : ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻤ ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ) ﺱﺅﺒﻝﺍ ( ﻥﻴﺃﺯﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺘﻭ (Stresse) ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻭ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ (Déstresse) ﺱﺅﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ . ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻭ (Stresse) ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻻ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺸﻨﻤ (Strengere) ﺓﻭﻘﺒ ﺩﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ Etreindere ﺩﻗﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻼﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ , ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺫﺇ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺎﺤﻹﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺹﺨﺸ ﺭﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻠﻗ , ﺱﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﻘﻴﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﻪﻘﻨﺨ ﺎﻀﻴﺃﻭ , ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍ , ﻊﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺤﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ . ﺎﻬﻠﺼﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ (Stringer) ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺎﺴﺤ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤ ) ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺎﻜ , ﺭﻁﺨﻝﺍ , ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ .( ) ﻕﻭﺭﺎﻓ , ،ﻁﻴﻠﺒ 2009 -2010 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 11 ( ﺏ -ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ : ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻋ لﻘﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻭﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻻﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭ ﺩﺩﻬﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇﻭ . ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺍﺫﻜ (Stress) ﺎﻬﻴﺩﺅﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻅﻭﺤﻠﻤ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜﻝﺍ . ﻁﻏﺎﻀ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻤﺍﺯﺘﺘ ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻠﻴﺴ ﺭﺎﺸﺃﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﺃ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﺤﺭﺘﻝﺍ . ) ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ،ﺩﻴﺒﻌﻝ ﺩﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺠﺎﻤ 26 ( 1 -2 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ : ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ " ﻲﻠﻴﺴ ﺱﻨﺎﻫ " ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻠﻴ : 1 -2 -1 -ﺭﺍﺫﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ : ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺭﻔﻤ ﺔﻅﻘﻴ ﺭﻭﻬﻅﺒ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ , ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ , ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ , ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻊﻀﻭﻭ ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻡﻜﺤﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ .

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ي ھ

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-10 -1 -2 -2 -ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ : ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺈﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺒﺎﺜ ﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﺔﻨﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﺔ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺤ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ . ) ،ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘ 2011 -2012 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 11 ( 1 -2 -3 -ﻙﺎﻬﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ : ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺎﻜ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﺃ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻥﻴﺃ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ . (Figaro Magazine, 1980, p. 04) 1 -3 -ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ : ﺎﻌﺒﺸﺘﻤﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺇ , ﻊﻤ ﻪﻠﺨﺩﺘ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ لﺒ ﺎﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﻪﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ . ﺩﺠﻨ ﻪﻝ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤﻜ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﺭﻜﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ : 1 -3 -1 -ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ : (Tension) ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻭﻫ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ) ﻲﻠﺴ , ﺭﻓﺎﻓ , ﻑﻝﻭﻭ ( لﺒ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ لﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺃﻭ (Stress) ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺒﺴﻻﺍ ﺱﻴﻤﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ (Tension) ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ , لﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺏﺼﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺓﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﻝ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺠﺤﺒ ( ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ – ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ – ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻪﻨﺍﺩﻘﻓ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍﻭ Dictionnaire psychologie . ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ , ﺎﻁﻐﻀ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺭﺘﻭﺘ لﻜ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﺍﺭﺘﻭﺘ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻁﻐﻀ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ , ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻭﻫ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ لﻤﺸﻴﻭ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺴﻭﺃ ﺍﺭﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻷ ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﻑﺩ . ) ،ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻭﻤ ﺓﺩﻨﻴﻝ 2000 -2001 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 13 ( 1 -3 -2 -لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ : (Emotion) ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ (Dictionnaire psychologie) ﺔﻋﺭﺴﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻉﻭﻴﺸ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨﻭ ﻪﻝﺍﻭﺯ . ﺩﻝﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺜﻭﺩﺤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺓﺩﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻌﻀ ﻁﻐﻀ ﻻﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺎﻓ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻻﺎﻌﻔﻨﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ , ﺔﻏﺭﻔﻤ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﻬﻴﺒﺸ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ , ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻠﻝ ﺎﺒﺒﺴ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺩﺤﺄﻜ .

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ا لو ا ر

ا

1 -3 -3 -ﺓﺭﺎﺜﻹﺍ : (Stimulation) ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺭﺘﻭﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﻹﺍ , ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺓﺩﺸﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻭﺃ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻋ ﻰﻅﺤﺘﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ) ﻲﻠﺴ , ﻲﻨﻭﺘﺴﺒ , ﻭﻨﻴﺭ ( Dictionnaire psychologie . ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﻹﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻭ (Arousse le petit) ﺎﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻯﻭﺴ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﺤﺍﻭ . ﺔﻓﺭﻁﺘﻤ ﺎﻤﻴﻗ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻝ ﺎﺒﺒﺴ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ , ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤ ) ﻲﻠﺴ ( ﺽﻓﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻁﻐﻀ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺎﻔﻴﻔﻁ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻲﺴﺤ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻙﺭﺘﻴ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻷ ﺎﻁﻐﻀ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﺇ لﻜ . ) ،يو ة 2000 -2001 ، 14 ( 1 -4 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ : ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻝ ﻊﺒﺎﻨﻤﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤﺒ . ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺎﻓ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺤﻤﻭ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ , ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ , ﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ ﺎ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺹﻴﺨﻠﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻲ : 1 -4 -1 -ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ : ﺼﺃﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﺇﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺢﺒ ﻡﻅﻋﺃ ﺕﻜﺭﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺩﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺏﺭﺤ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺼﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺴﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻊﻤﺠ ﻥﻜﻤﺒ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺤﻤﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ) ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻱﺃ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ( لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻩﺀﺍﺩﺃﻭ . ) ﻕﻭﺭﺎﻓ , ،ﻁﻴﻠﺒ 2009 -2010 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 14 ( 1 -4 -2 -ﺔﻨﻬﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ : لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﺒ ﺎﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻹ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻌﻜ . ﺯﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻭ ﻭﻤﺭﺎﻓ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ , ﻱﺍﺭﻴﺒ , ﺭﻴﻨﺭﺎﻓ , ﻥﻴﻓﺎﻴﻠﻴﺒ , ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﺘ ﺍﺭﺘﻠﺠﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﺒ ﻲﺴﻴﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤ ﻁﺎﺒﻀ , ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺜﻷ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺘ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﻤﺭﺎﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﻋﺭﻔ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﻤﺠﻭ :

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ي ھ

ا

ا و

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-12 -ﺃ -لﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ : ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻪﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ) ﺭﺒﻭﻜ , ﻥﻭﻠﺴ , ﺱﺎﻴﻝﻭ ( ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻜ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ , ﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀ . ﺏ -ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﻠﺒﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﺎﺜ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻡﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﻋ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻝ . ) ﻕﻭﺭﺎﻓ , ،ﻁﻴﻠﺒ 2009 -2010 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 15 ( 1 -5 -ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ : 1 -5 -1 -ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ : ﻕﺭﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺩﻭ ﺏﻴﻠﺤﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﺇ , ﻥﺎﻓﻭﺘﺒﻴﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻠﺤ " ﻲﻨﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺽﻤﺎﺤ " ﻡﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝ , ﻥﺃ ﻙﺎﻬﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺸﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺏﺒﺴﻴ ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻁﻐﻀ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ , لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﻻﻭﻜﻭﺸﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺫﺌﺩﻨﻋ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺄﺠﻠﻴﻓ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺴﻨﻷﺍ . ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺸ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓﻭﻬﻘﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻜ ) ﻥﻴﻴﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ( ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﻼﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﺘﻭﺘﻭ ﺱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻻﺁﻭ ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﺒﻨ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻕﺭﻷﺍ . ) ،ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘ 2011 -2012 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 18 ( 1 -5 -2 -ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﻕﺭﻁ : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ . ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻤﺎﺘﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺘﻠﻝ : ﻥﻴﻤﺎﺘﻴﻔﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ " ﺏ " ﻭ " ﺙ " ﻩﺫﻫ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺤﺍﺭﺠ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ لﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻤﺎﺘﻴﻔﻝﺍ . ﺕﺎﺌﺩﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ : ﻰﻠﻏ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺀﺎﺨﺭﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺤﺇ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻭ ﻍﺎﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﺨﻤ ﺫﺌﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺯﻴﻓ ﺍﺭﺍﺭﻀﺃ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ , لﻌﺠﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻁﺎﻌﺘﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﺃ , ﺙﺩﺤﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺔﺤﺍﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻡﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻁﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻴﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ . ﺎﻨﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ , ﺎﻨﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻨﻬﻤ . ﺨﺍ ﻊﻗﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﻨﺘﻼﻫﺅﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻗﻼﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﺏﺠﻭ ﺎﻗﺎﺸﻭ ﻼﻴﻭﻁ ﻩﺎﻨﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﺎﻨﺩﻭﻬﺠ لﺸﺘﻭ ﺎﻨﺘﻘﺜ لﺘﻘﺘ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ ﺊﻁﺎﺨ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘ . ) ،ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘ 2011 -2012 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 19 (