The Common organization of the market for olive oil Bazoti G. in

Bazoti G.

in

Baourakis G. (ed.).

The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union: New market trends Chania : CIHEAM

Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 29 1998

pages 79-83

Article available on lin e / Article dispon ible en lign e à l’adresse :

--- http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?ID PD F=CI020499

--- To cite th is article / Pou r citer cet article

--- Bazoti G. Th e Common organ ization of th e market for olive oil. In : Baourakis G. (ed.). The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union: New market trends. Chania : CIHEAM, 1998. p. 79- 83 (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 29)

---

http://www.ciheam.org/

http://om.ciheam.org/

OF - ^OF

SAVVAS,

Directorate of Gieek of Agriculture

Common Wine

Ladies and Gentlemen,

of is a

-

the of of

we at the main would like to

about the you an idea of the climate

at

is one of of

1950, the ECSC of

1957, ^the EEC and the

1986 with the Act of

1992, with on which was signed at

The of the Community developed as follows:

-

1950: 6

-

1972: 3

-

1981: 1

-

1986: 2

-

1994 3 Total: 15

of states.

of activity of the EU in

of in within

l EU, out an of

1. OF

1. the and is also tke highest in the

EU.

2. 13-14 % of the (against 3.5 % in the EU, i.e. 4 times as

of in not exceed 4 % of

Community- value.

3. The of in the total of is about 80 %, 83 % in

the EU as a of in the total of is 17 % (against 14

% in the EU).

of those engaged in 21-22 % of the

(against 6 % in the EU). in % of

of the EU, at 3 % of the EU.

5. is that of development of the will be,

in it a of people.

6. The of is > 55 1993,57 % of the heads of

> 55 of age, while 30 % > 65 of age.

7. and o d y 27 % of total

land 55-60 % in the EU).Tkis is due to: the mountainous of the that 40 % (5.1 million

of of which 3.1

22 % of spite of this, the than meets the needs of counby

with the exception of and milk).

The of the of in the land cultivated is as follows:

* 40 % against 55 % of the EU

* m u a 1 23 %

*

and 29 % 76 %) against 10-15 % in the EU.

8. of 900,000 (i.e. 11 % of in the EU).

of in is 4.5 ha, as opposed to EU: 13-14 65 ha, 32-35 F: 28-30 ha.

% of 5 ha

15 % of < 5-10 ha 10 % of

of 6-7 (a this the

and of individuals to

9. is due mainly to soil but also to the

policy followed by the Community in the of

that is:

-

^{70 %} plant and 30 % livestock (this is

-

^{40-45.5 % plant and 55-60 %} livestock.

The conditions on the (plafonds etc) have

led to changes in

1980-1990 the value of the volume of 5.1 %.

This is due ín plant (by 7.8

%).Our of 0.4

in that of the Community. This

by some examples:

*

of milk kg/cow -EU 4,500-5,000 kg/cow

*

of 350 -EU 500-550 (Comm.12)

*

only 35 % of

*

of ⁼ 4.4 % of the value of in the Community (1992)

*

of plant = 6.3 % in Community plant

*

of animal = 2.5 %I Community animal

2.

of than

of is needed to meet competition. The full

of wllibe

and that of is of

must not be must

as commodities of and

plays an and

things, the advantages and disadvantages.

Today, (ie 1992) a change of

“A transition is being attempted from the policy of price support to a system of support productive endeavour, and of direct aid for the income of tlie producer.”

event alone would not had so conjunction with the new

the it as

ceilings of in supply (cotton, tobacco etc) do not

so much by way of consolation.

3. STATE OF General An

The in of wine is not an almost 4,000

of winemaking.

The was in the

-

ⁱⁿ the

Egypt etc

-

the (3000 -1550 at about

the same time. The self-sown vine

beginning (1

-

0.6

Chios,

of in 450 The wine

developed in

The oldest evidence of the of wine by sea is given in of

71-2). in in wine was

The of in the 17th

at

of up to the in wine.

with the in in scions of

the beginning of the 19th phyZZoxera

almost wiped out its cultivation.

The use the situation. Today, is a whole

with ^{t h i s} of the EU

domain of the about

2) Condition of in and of into the EEC:

a) 1860 64,556

1911 153,318 1925 201,188 1935 255,622 1971 208,361

1981 177,168

1992 138,322 1993 135,497

1994 148,700

1995 140,600 1996 139,500

Of the of 135,497 ha 56 ^{% =}

31 % =

13 % =

of (1000

today:

of

-

Community

-

1993:

1996) (3.875.000 in 1995/6) EEC (15) 3,988,000 167,480,000

4,711,000 189,860,000

8,060,000 263,490,000

Community an of about 4 m a o n and 49 ^% of

but 63 % 3.4 %

of Community and 1.7 % of global 2 % of

and 1.3 % of d) Size of

size of the EEC 15.7 ha. size

4.3 ha, i.e. it only 27 % of that in the Community.

0 69 % of the total of C0.5 ha and 25 % of the

by

0 94 % of the total of ha and 69 %

of by

0 99.5 % of the total of <5 ha and 95.1 % of

the

of in the

( i n

% of of

in 1988 amount was 8.42 %. the same of wine and ^~

in plant 2.29 % (1992) against 2.62 % (1988). The of wine- in the total of 4.10 % (in 1992) against 5.84 %

(1988). The of in the total of 1.62 %

(1992) against 1.82 % (1988).

f) of

-

~

l

1971182 198112 1982183 1983184 19841 85 1985186 1986187 1987188 1988189 1989190 1990191 1991192 1992193 199314 1994195 1995196

432,000 170,000 207,000 221,000 811,000 786,000 620,000 457,000 843,000 821,000 565,000 549,000 636,000 570,000 577,000 600,000

325,000 98,000 61,000 78,000 430,000 295,000 146,000 151,000 383,000 171,000 70,000 83,000 54,000 80,000 64,000 50,000

757,000 4,000

268,000 268,000 299,000 1,241,000 1,881;OOO 766,000 608,000 1,226,000 992,000 635,000 632,000 690,000 650,000 641,000 650,000

3,000 4,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 35,000 52,000 90,000 65,000 60,000 60,000 50,000 50,000

55,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

-

1,000 4,000 13,000 8,000 2,000 6,000 10,000

-

-

59,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 8,000 39,000 65,000 98,000 67,000 66,000 70,000 50,000 50,000 g) Abandonment of

to 199314 a total abandoned in

Eligible ⁼ 65,661 ECU 175,895,000

Of

11,989 ha 2,814 h)

in of which 55

i) Classification

-

Table wines:

60 local wines 2

-

8

21 de

Existing the wine

of

of the income of of

the production, control, and development of wine-growing potential:

-

of

of

-They classify the h e - g r o w i n g

-

They

-

The planting of any until 31.12.96 (with exceptions)

-

of the CQEUIIIUI~~~

classification of the types of

-

The use of

3.2.1 Oenological practices

A lot of detail can This will not shall to

of

a) The mixing of wine

b) The mixing of Community wine with wine a c) The mixing of wines located in the Community but

d) of that

in alcohol content is also listed:

Lowest

content in alcohol content A

Cib

6"

5"

8"

8 9 5"

3.5" (-4.5) 2.5" (-3.5)

in In zones A, :

:

zones :

3.2.2 of prices

-

intemention measures

a of we

% of

- -

-

-

quality suppl.

obliged to submit i 0 % of the alcohol contained in the distillation of

26 % of

-

of of double use.

35 % of the

- -

this is 65 % of

-

a quantity % of 50 % of

a quantity > % of Community % of

alt was 26 % of 0.82 that is, 33

12".

-

distillation:

with the beginning of

% of

-

of

-

^: 1.34

-

:

-

musts of

-Table wines with an established alcohol content 9.5 % VOL

3.2.3 Trade with third countries

t h i s of to

instances of at low

the beginning of white and

additional alcohol

alcoholised wines Vins de

on the basis of (of

of Community wines on the same that

at

a notwithstanding this

at

c) Equalising levy: This is applied h a at of

in

to not

that they

d) addition to the and the equalising kvy, a levy based on added applied

e) to facilitate Community

f ) The levy of any the Also

is any quantitative limit g)

within the Community, on condition of

We should add that all of within of the GATT, in

will be by 36 % in 5

The imbalance in has led the Commission to suggest (in 1994) of the

now, this has not fads have changed.

4. OF

4.1

-

^{OF OF}

wish to emphasize the beginning that the legislation on wines is one of

Some of of

The mixing of Community wines and wines is The mixing of

of Spain).

We can classe Community wines into two A. Table wines (vins de table)

-

local wines (table 11)

The table wines have to in on

-

within the C o m m ~ t y .

-

of as in

-

they must have 9 <established alcohol content 15.

Today, within of table wines in we have:

60

2 to

*

*

and of

is in 822/87, app. note 13)

with the addition of a maximum of of pinus halepensis,

Table

1.

2.

Epanomitikos 4. Côtes of

mountahs 5.

Côtes of 7.

8. Lasithiofikos 9.

10.

11.

13. Thessalikos 14.

15.

16. Côtes of Ambeli 17. Viìzas

19. Attica 20.

21.

22. Anavysiotikos 23.

24.

25.

26. Côtes of 27.

28. Thebaikos 29. Côtes of 30. Côtes of 31.

32.

33. Attikos 34. Satistinos 35. Etsonas Avlida 36.

37. Tegea

38. Aigiopelagitikos N. Côtes of 4O.Spatanikos

41.

42. Lelantian plateau chalkidiki

44.

45. Chalikounas 46.

48. Andrianiotikos

50.

51.

52. Valley of Atalanta 53.

5 4 .

55.

57. lmathia

59. Sithonia 60.

B. Wines of Appellation d'Origine

wines which within a of

from of

ageing/vintage etc. and

These the wines ^which and away win of We h v e 29 such

wines (table

into the EEC.

made to:

0 of

5 (ann.1)

of names of (ann. 2)

0

of names of (ann. 3)

(ann. 4)

The wines of in that

-

we have: 29 wines of appellation of which 8 wines of appellation

21 wines of de 3)

-

analysis of wines of appellation d’origine

-

Classification of

and vin

Vin de This is a which contains 15 established alcohol content 22

total alcohol content > 17.5

-

Alcohol and must

.2 T (vins

They into:

vin doux) vin

The classification of thus:

Appellation d’Origine Controlée (8 types) A.

1. Samos

of of

of

5. of

6. of

and as

Q€ > 50 %

2) of

The above wines

Appellations d’Origine de Qualité Supérieure (20 appellations)

A.

1. white

2. Liatiko

3.

Ayioryitiko

: which is only

as

B. Other wines:

1. Sitia 2.

3. Naousa Nemea 5.

6.

9.

11.

12.

13. Zitsa

Amyntaio

15. Goumenissa 17. Limnos

19.

and of wines musts

on

in

239q89 of wines and

320v90 details of the application of, the

of wines and

on the label. An which

that the legislation of demands it.

of the so that

of the way in which wines labelled.

of (ann..5)

A. of table wines: 1.

2. in official documents and books

3.

1.

2.

3.

of

than table wines and

3.

1.

2.

3.

-

of the application - of and of wines and

(ann..

6 )

is made to the designations of

note 5, is made of the

to in in 1993

between the EEC and communication “wines of 70,71,72,73). (ann. 79)

communication A of the EEC and in note

IV

(pages

44,45,46,47) mention is made in of the

App. _ _ is

designation. note 6 is made of

in the EEC and 1993.

App. is made to the of the names of of c m

be of table wines and t h e Community.

note (page 53) is made to the synonyms the

is made to the synonyms of the of used

of

note 6 (pages is made to

4.2

This down and of

alchoholic

what is an alcoholic - a liquid which is human consumption

- and

of alcohol > 15% Vol.

-

- with without

of

-

the blending of an alcoholic with

*

alcohol

*

ethyl alcohol of

of distillation of de vie) is obtained

Q

one

Sweetening: Use of alcoholic of the following

-

semi-white, of

the that of the

which two in

new one.

Addition of alcohol of to alcoholic

two alcoholic of do

not in

of the following elements:

- the method of

- the type of distillation used - the length of

-

the of

-

The alcoholic obtained belongs to that

of in with

2a.

g) of

h) Ethyl alcohol of of

i) of alcoholic

of in App. of the

and do not of ethyl alcohol as defined in

of an must

is mentioned it must

j) Alcoholic content by volume: the volume of alcohol contained in up to 20%.

Content in

alcohol, which due

l) that phase of of the final

gave the alcoholic essence of

its identity.

of of the alcoholic to the same

definition.

of

a)

Obtained exclusively by of molasses syrups

the of of

cane, and distilled at < 96 % Vol. The must have a content of volatile substances >225g/hl of alcohol % Vol.

of juice sugar cane may be placed on with the rum”, in conjunction with one of names of the

in App.

b)

Obtained the distillation of musts:

-

of the malt they contain

-

which of yeast

-

which at < 94.8 % Vol. and of

Whisky is aged in of capaciiy < 700 at (3)

c) Alcoholic drink from grain:

Obtained the distillation of

This in

of the is it

-

the exclusive distillation of must of wheat,

polygons with all

-

of in

A can be called a distillate” inasmuch as it

d) of wine (eau de vin):

This at < 86 ^% Vol, of

contains volatile substances > 125 g/hl of alcohol % Vol.

This distillates of not with of the

distillation of wine, which has been distilled at e 94.8 %, on the condition that this of distillation does not exceed 50 % of the alcoholic content of

-

has in o& at least months if the oak

1000

of alcohol 100 % Vol.

< 200 alcohol 100 % Vol.

f) of marc:

This is of

of to which wine lees may be added (in takes place at < 86 % Vol.

-

the same alcoholic content is

-

has a capacity in volatile substances > 140 of alcohol % Vol.

-

has a capacity in methyl alcohol e 1000 of alcohol

designation “distillate of by the designation in

in we have: Tsikoudiá

g) of marc : 15)

and distillation of

h) of or

of of

of of the of type and distilled at less

than 94.5 % Vol. in such a way that of distillation has and

i) of and

-obtained exclusively of a fleshy the must

such a with of

-

distilled at 86

-

volatile substances > 200 of alcohol % Vol.

-

methyl alcohol 1000 alcohol

-

(h the distillation of of alcohol.

j) The distillate of cider apple or pear:

i) distillate of gentian

ii) drink from fruit: of the

into ethyl alcohol of

is called: alcoholic (names of h i t ) . When it is in Spain it is called

iii) alcoholic drink with juniper

iv) alcoholic drink with cumin (fennel) v) alcoholic drink with aniseed

i5 of ethyl

alcohol of of of common aniseed

(pimpineh anissum), of femel (poeninrlzm vulgare) any

by one of the following methods:

distillation

of of of

these plants

addition of n a k a l of these plants combined use of

is called when it contains of glycyhiga gZabré.

OUZO in

-

and of alcohols which

seeds, plants

The alcohol which through distillation must 20 % at least of the alcohol content of the ouzo.

The of distillation in question must:

-

be obtained by distillation in stills of function, of capacity up to 1,000

-have 55 % up to % Vol.

Ouzo and its content must not exceed 50 is called AN15 when

it contains alcohol which was distilled with of these seeds, in of at least 20 % of the alcoholic content.

vi)

vii) Vodka: This is of

by means of

the intention of selective attenuation of connected with the

viii)

Egg-based (Advocaat)

X) with eggs

Alcoholic content of alcoholic &inks

% Vol 37.5 Vol:

distillate of distillate of distillate of distillate of distillate of distillate of

distillate of gentim gin, distilled gin Aquavit

Vodka ouzo 36 % Vol

Alcoholic of

Anis 32 % Vol

30 % Vol Alcoholic with cumin 25 % Vol Alcoholic

15 % Vol Alcoholic ouzo, pastis, anis). The

in 1,

and not mentioned ‘above.

of in

1601V91

lbtained from:

iddition of alcohol

jweetening

Ucokolic content

-

to in

notes 12-18, of App.

3f

To added

in

must of which

been by

the addition of alcohol.

= of these

wines in the be >

75 %

Yes Yes Yes

Probably 14.5 CEACe22

TA017.5 TAO16

very TAO15

with wine as its basis

-

^{to in}

notes 1-3 and 15-18 of App.

scept wines

with the 2ddition of alcohol, To added:

= of these

wines h the find

> 50

%

N O

Yes Probably

EACC14.5

komatised cocktail

3f

-

^{w i n e}

must

= in

Final > 50 % N o

Yes

Probably Probably EA"

N.B.: EAC = established alcoholic content, TAC ⁼ total alcoholic content

The

;mployed in the ibove table can be supplemented by :he

The

wine

can be by

the “wine-

a)

wines wines with egg

a)

b) Clarka c)

d) Soda

e)

f ) Gliihwein

h) i)

a) Wine-based cocktail

b) from

c)

of of for of the wine

2081/92 with

of indications of designations OP of

foods. This and alcoholic

As being of or as being of

= the name of a of a a specific XGP ⁼ as aside

in of a

in the of

a foodstuff : from this

,

as aside of

due mainly exclusively to

Which contains this and of

and h u m q

and of which take place

and

.

defined.

in

l

not To

an foodstuff has to fulfill

2).

of as follows:

-

Application

-

The application is sent to the in which

-

The checks it to the Commission.

- Within 6 is complete,

.- it is it is published in of the

EU.

-

that no

the Commission in the of AOP or 4GB.

Up of which 63 have been

in obeyance.

Those that

-

Cheeses 20

-

of animal etc)

-

Olive oil 16 8

8

-

^{20 16}

4

-

2

1

-

Fish, molluscs etc

-

gums 2

-

Essential oils 1