Direct experimental evidence for a negative heat capacity in the liquid-to-gas like phase transition in hydrogen cluster ions: backbending of the caloric curve
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(1038) +. 1. JJ. J. Fragment production yields (normalized). 0.1 0.01 0.001 10 11. JJ. J. [40-50] eV <47 eV>. H H B H B PP F HB P FF HB P F HB J P F H B J P F J H B J P PF F H B J J P PF F H B JJ H B P F JJ P FF H B H B J JP P F H B JJP P F F J J P P F F H HB J J P P F F HB JJ P F F H B B JJP P FFH H JJ PP FF HB B JJ PP FFH B JJ P JJJ PP FHFH FBHB FHF JJPJP F BFB JPJP H FFF JP PJ JJ PJP HB HBFBFF FFF JPJPJPHH BB JP F JJ PJ PH BBFFFFF JPJH H PJP FFF JP JHJ PH J FFF PB BH HJP J P JPJ B FFF JB HP JJ FF P H BJ P J H PH B JP PJ JJJJ FFFFFF P B H F PPJ HBP HB PJ JJJJJ FFFFFFF PJPJP HBH B PPPPJJJJ F HB HB PPPJJJJ FFFFFFF HH BH JJJJ F BH BHBPPPPJ JJJJ FFFFFFFF HBHBHPPPPJ JJJJJJ FFFFF PPJ PPPP BHB JJJJJJ FFFFF PPPPP HB HB FFFFF HH PP J BH FFFFFF BH BHBHB PPPPPPPP FF PPPPP HBHB HB PPPPP HB HH PP BH BH BH BHBHBH HB B HB HB HH BH BH BH BHBHB HB HB HB HH BH BH BH BH BHB HHHH HHHH HHHH HHHH H. J. 0.1 0,1 0.01 0,01. [55-65] eV <61 eV>. H H BB P H B P H B JF F F P H J P J F FP HB B J P H J F FP H B B J J FP P J J F FP P H H B JJ F F P H BB H JJ P FP B J J F PFPFP H H B J J FPFP H HB B J J FPFP H B JJ P B JJJF FPFPHF H H HB B B PP JJJ PF F FPFHPH B B JJJ P FPH FPHPFPBB JJJ FP BB HFPFPP JJJJ F FFBFF JJJJHPHFF PP B PPB FF JJJHJHHP PB BFPB PFP FPF JJJH BF P JJHJH PBF F PB F PP FB JJHJH FP BP FPFPFPFFF P JJHJH B HJH JJ BBB PPBB F JJ PF FP HJH PF FFP PB JJ PP FP FPFPFPFFFFFF HJH JJ JJ HJH BBPB JJ PPPPPPP FP FP FP HJH FP FP BJB FPF HJHJJ BJ FP FP FP B JJ FP FP HJHJJ FP PF FP JBJJ PF F PF BJB PF HJHJH JJ FP FP FP BJJ FP FP FFFFFFFFFF F F BJB JJ PF JJB PF PF HHHJH BJB JJ PFF PF JP PP JP JJ JJ BJB HHHHH BJB BBBBBP HHHHHHB BBBBBBBBBBBBB HHHHHHHHB HHHHHHHHHHHHHH BBB. PP J. 0.001 0,001 0,0001 1 0.1 0.01 0.001. JJ. J. [70-80] eV <76 eV>. H PP FF H B H B P F HB P F J P F HB J J P PF F HB J H B J P PF B J F J J P PF H H B J J PF F H B J JP P F H B B F H JJP P B J J PFPF H H B B J J PFP H JJ FPF H B B BB JJPFP H JJFPP H JJ FJFPPH H B B B JFJPP H JJ PPH H B BB F FJ BB FJFJPJPJPHH BB FFJP JPH PHP BB FFJJJP BB JHP P BBB JJ FF JJHP HPPP BBB JJPPP FF JHJ H JJJ BBB PJ FF HJH PJ PJPJP BBB FF HH JPJJ BBB PPP FF HHHJP BBBB JPJP HJJ JP FF BBBB JJJ PJ PJ BBBBB PJJP FF HHHHP JP BBBBBB JPJ HH PJP FF PJ PJP BBBBBBB HHH J JP FF JJJ PJ BBBBBBBBB PJ PJ FF HHH P PJJP JP BBBBB JJ FF PJ HHH P PJP JP JP JP FF JJ HHH PJ PJ FF HHH PJJJJJJJJJ FF H HHH FF HHH FF HHH FF HHHH F HHHH HHHH HHHH HHHH HHHHH HHH. J. 0.1. 0.5. 1.. Fragment size (normalized) AD=) 3 2 $ $ # # %
(1039) H & & & (
(1040) #4
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