الخطاب النقدي الدراميي في الجزائر سؤال في المكون

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ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻴﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ

ﻥﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺍﺅﺴ

ﺩ/

ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﺸﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ

-1 ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼ ـ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ ـ ﺩﻘﻨ

ﺩﺤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻲـﺜﻼﺜ ﺙﻴ

ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤﺒ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ )

ﺩﻘﻨ - ﺡﺭﺴﻤ - ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼ ( لﻌﻝ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﺒ ﻭ ،

ﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﻻﺩ لﻘﺤ لﻭﺤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﺘ ﺩﺎﻜﺘﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺍﺭ

ﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻉﻭﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ،ﻕﻠﺘﻤ ﻭ لﺴﺭﻤ ؛ﻥﻴﻓﺭﻁ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﺼﻴﻹﺍ

ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺎـﺒ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻠﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺞﻀﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﻴ

.

ﺩـﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺒﺨﺇ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺔـﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩـﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺩـﻨﻋ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺤﺇ ﺩﻝﻭﺘﻝ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ؛ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺄﺒ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ

ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺤﺇ ﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻥـﻋ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻘﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﻭ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ

ﺍﺫـﻬﻝ ﻭ ﺩـﻘﻨﻠﻝ ﻯﺭﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻲﻝﻭﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻭ ،ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴـﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻥـﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻴ ﺩﻘﻨ ﻪﻘﻓﺍﺭ ﻥﺇ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻕﻠﺤﻴ ﻭ ﻲﻘﺘﺭﻴ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻥﻷ ؛ﻻﻭﺃ ﻩﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لـﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ

ﺔﻴﺴﻭﻘﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ لﺒﻗ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔـﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃﻭ ،ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻋﻭ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺩـﻴ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﺒ ﺝﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻭ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻱﺫﻐﺘ ﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﺘﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺎﻨﻠﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻭ ،ﺽﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﻪﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴ

"

ﺩﻘﻨ / ﺡﺭﺴﻤ "

ﺍﺭـﺼﻨﻋ ﻑﻴـﻀﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ

ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻭ ،ﻲﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ

"

ﻲﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ "

ﺔﻨﻴﺘﻤ ﻩﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺙﺒﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ

ﻪﻝ ﻅﻔﺤﺘ ﻭ ،ﺔﺒﻼﺼ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭ ﻪﻨﺍﺯﺘﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘ

. ﻲـﻓ ﻪﻴﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﻤ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻭ

145

ﻥﻴـﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻑﻴﻀﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻊﺴﻭﺃ ﻭ ﺏﺤﺭﺃ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻠﻝ ﻲﻁﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ، ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻴ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺍﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ -

ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ -

ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺠﻬﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ

ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﺇ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼ ﺭﻴﺭﺎﻘﺘ .

ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩـﻬﻴ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﺎﻘـﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ":

ﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻭـﻘﺘ ﻭ لﻴﻠ

ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺩﻋﺎـﺴﻤ ﻭ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹ

ﻲـﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥـﻤ لﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻌﻤﺴﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻩﺩﻫﺎﺸﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻩﺃﺭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻡﻭﻴ لﻜ ﻕﻔﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍﻭ ."

i

ﺙﻭﻝﺎـﺜﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫـﻝ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻲﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻭ ) ﺩﻘﻨ - ﺡﺭﺴﻤ - ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼ ( ﺎﻓ ؛ ﺓﺀﺍﺭـﻗ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝ

ﺍﺫﻜﻫ ﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺎﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪــﺒ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻨ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻋ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺩﻴ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ لﻘﺤ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻨﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﻤﺘﻌﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤﻭ ؟ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ؟ﺎﻨﻫ

ﺔـﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ لـﻫﻭ ؟ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻔﺤﺼ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺩﻘﻨ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﻭﻌﻨ ﺽﻭﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻭﺃ ؟ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻝ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻨﻤﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

؟ﺎﻬﻨﻋﻭ ﺽﻭﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻬﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻭﺃ ؟ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻭﺃ

؟ﺎﻬﻝﻭ ﻭﺃ ﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺀﺍﺭـﻘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﺒ ﺹﺘﺨﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻭﺃ ؟ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ؟ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺘ

ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻋﻭﻝ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﻓﻭﻐﺸ .

ﻪﻴﺘﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻨ ﺫﺇ ،ﻥﺤﻨ ﻭ )

ﺩـﻘﻨ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ (

ﻲـﻓ

ـﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻭ ؟ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻥﻋ لﺀﺎﺴﺘﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲ

ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺓﺩﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻭﺒﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺒﺨﺇ ﺓﺭﺸﻨ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﺔﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻨ ﺔﻴﻭﻨـﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻨﺎﺠﺭﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝ

.

ﻭ ،ﻱﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺼﺭ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺽﻭﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻁﻐﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺕﻔﺸﻜ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔـﻗﻼـﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻡـﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ؛ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺕﺒﻜﺍﻭ

146

ﻻﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻱﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻲﻨﻤﺯ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻭـﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻓ ،ﻥﻵﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻼﻘﺘﺴ

ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﻀﺤﻴ ﻭ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝ ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻀﺤﻴ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﺤﺘ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ )

ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ (

،

ﺎﻬﻤﺩـﺨﻴ ﻥـﻤﻝ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻠـﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻭ ﻨﻌـﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ ﺎﻤﻴﻗ ،ﺔـﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼـﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻰ

ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ ﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻴ ﻭ

ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﺘﻠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﻴ لﻜ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ .

ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩـﺒﺇ ﺔﺴﺭﺎـﻤﻤ لﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺠﻭـﻝﻭـﻴﺩﻴﻷﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻭ ﺔـﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻌـﺴ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼ ﻡﺃ ﺍﺩﻘﻨ ﻡﺃ ﺎﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺃ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ لﻭـﺤ ﺔﻴﻔﺤـﺼﻝﺍ

ﺔـﻴﻨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺸﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺸﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻐﻁ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔـﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﺔـﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩﺒﺇ ﺔﻤﺴ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭ ،ﻪﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺩﺠﻭﺄﻓ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﻥـﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﺎﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻴﻨﻓ ﺎﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﺩﺠﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﺎﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭ ؛ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻫﺩﺠﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﺭﺘﻌﻴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻘﺒﻁ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ

ﺔـﻴﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔـﻋﺭﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭ ،لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ

ﻨﺃ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﺩﺨﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﻴ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﻼﻘﺤ ﺎﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺞﺘ

ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﻴﺨﻷ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﺫﺒﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺜ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺜ .

ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻭ ﺭﺩـﺼﻤ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻭ ،ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ

ﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﺇ لﺒ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻗﺃ ﺔﻜﻴﻜﺭ ﺔﻐﻠﺒ ﺏﺘﻜﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝ

ﻲﺤﺭـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻔﺘﺤﺎﺒ ﺽﻭﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻰﺤﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻌﺸ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤ ﻭ ،ﻡﻜﺤ ﻭ لﺎﺜﻤﺃ ﻭ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻭﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻝﺍ ﻪـﺘﻝﻭﻤﺤﺒ ﺙﻭﺭﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺤﻴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻜ لﻴﻭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ـ ﺔـﻴﻝﻻ

ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ .

-2 ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ /

ﻲﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ :

ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻥﺇ

"

ﻲﻓﺎﺤﺼ / ﺩﻗﺎﻨ

"

ﺫﺇ ؛ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ،

ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔـﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔـﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺤﻤ لﺍﺅﺴ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻊﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻴ ﺩـﻗﺎﻨ ﻭـﻫ ﺡﺭـﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻤ ﻲﻓﺎﺤﺼ لﻜ ﻥﺃ لﻫ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻱﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻲﺤﺭـﺴﻤ

ﺔـﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕـﻓﺭﻋ ؟ﻲﻓﺎﺤـﺼ ﺓﺭﻭﺭـﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺩﻗﺎﻨ لﻜ لﻫ ﻭﺃ ؟ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ

147

ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻕـﻴﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻼﻝ ﺔﻤﻴﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﺭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﻌﻴ لﻜﻓ ،ﺡﺭﺴﻤ

ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺓﺭـﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ

ﺴﺎﻓ ؛ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ لﻤﺤﻴ لﻜ ﻭ ،ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻔـﺼﻭﺒ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻔﺘ

ﺔـﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺔـﻠﻗﺎﻨ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ ،ﺍﺭﻴﻓﻭ ﺎﻴﻤﻼﻋﺇ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﺒ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻀﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻋﺩﻝ ﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﺍﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺕ

ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ) لﺎﻘﻤ ،ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ،ﺭﺒﺨ (

ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻭﺤ .

ﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻙـﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ ،ﺩﻋﺍﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻫﺭﺇ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘ

ﺩﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻘﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺼﻝ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺒ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕ

ﺏﺠﻌﻨ ﻻ ﻭ ،ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﺠﻭ ﻥﺇ

ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔـﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﺴﺭﻤﺘ ﻥﻴﻴﻓﺎﺤﺼ لﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻝ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺍﻭﻤﺩﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻭﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ .

ﻲﻨﺎﻀﻤﺭ ﻡﻼﻋﻭﺒ ﻭ ،ﻲﻘﻴﻨﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ لﺎﺜﻤﺃ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻤﻼﻗﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻥﺎﻴﺯﻭﺒ ﻭ ،

ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺭﻤﺘﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ،ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻜ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﻭ ،ﺭﻭﺸﺎﻋ ﻥﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﻴﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ .

،ﻙﻝﺫـﻜ ﺭـﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻭ

ﺀﻻﺅـﻫ ﺭﻤﺘـﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ؟ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﻊﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻡﻼﻗﺃ ﺕﺘﻜﺴ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻠﻓ ﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺒﻏﺭﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻬﻨﻷ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎـﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺱﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻫﺅﻤ ﺍﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ﻙﻝ

ﻡﻬﻴﺩـﻝ ﺭﻓﻭـﺘ ﻭ ،ﻥـﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻑﻫﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ؛ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺔـﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻭـﻁﺘ ﻥـﻤ ﺍﻭﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺤ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺩﻨﻋ " . ﻝﻹﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎـﻴﺭﻅﻨﺒ ﻭ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﻤ

ﺔﻘﺒـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ،لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺒ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺫﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺹﺤﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﺒ لﺩﺒ ،ﻪﻨﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﻨﺘﺴﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﺭﺩﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺭ ﻡـﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﻫ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴ لﺎﻌﻓﺃ

ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ لﻀﻓﻷﺍ ."

ﻲـﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻑﻌﻀ لﻠﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻌﻝ ﻭ ii

ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﺒ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺅﻤ لﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺤﺼﺄﻓ ؛ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻤ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺍﻭﻤﺩﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻭﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ُلﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡ ﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺕﺎﻔﻨﺼ

.

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ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺭ ﺔﻐﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﺠﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﺒ ﺏﺘﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .

ﺔﻴـﻀﻗ ﻥـﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺩﻭﻘﻴ ﻭ

ﻉﺍﺩـﺒﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ .

لـﻬﻓ

ﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ

؟ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝ ﻲـﻫ ﻭﺃ ﻉﺍﺩـﺒﺇ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻲﻫ لﻬﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ

ﻲﺤﺭـﺴﻤ ﺩـﻘﻨ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻥﻴﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ؟ﺩﻘﻨ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺘﻜ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﻲﻔﺤﺼ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺒﻁﻨﺍ ﻻﺇ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻗﺭﻴ ﻻ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺤﻁﺴ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴ

ﻰـﻨﻌﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ ،ﻱﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺍﺩﻘﻨ ﺱﺴﺅﺘ ﻉﻭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﻐﺘ ﻻ ﻭ ﻥﻤﺴﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺭﻭﺸﻘﻝﺎﺒ .

ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻔﻨﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺏﺎـﺘﻜ ﻭـﻫ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠ

"

ﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺽﺭـﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ

ﻲﺤﺭـﺴﻤ "

ﻑﻭـﻠﺨﻤﻝ

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺡﻭﺭﻜﻭﺒ .2002

ﺏﺎـﺘﻜﻝﺍ لﻤﺘﺸﺃ

ﺎـﻬﺘﺎﻴﻁﻐﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﺎﻨﻌﻠﻝ ﻕﻴﻗﺩ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻭ ﺞﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ .

ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻑﻼﻐﻠﻝ ﻲﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ":

ﺩـﻴﺍﺯﺘﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ

ﺎﺒﻗﻹﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﺎـﻜﺭﺃ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘﺒ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ل

ﺱـﺴﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺎـﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺭﻭـﻬﻤﺠ ﻪـﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺩﺎﺸﺭﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻸﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻁﺎﺨﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ؛ﺔ

ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﺒ ﻩﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻹﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ .

ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻭ ،ﻱﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﻭـﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ ﺔــﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻌــﺘ ﺎﻬﻔـﺼﻭﺒ ﺔــﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭـﻘـﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺎﻌﻓ ﻼﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭﺒﻭ ﺔـﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ."

،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﻐﺘﺸﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﺠﺭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻝﺅﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻝﺍ ﺎـﻴﺎﺒﺨ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻪﻨﻜﻤ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭ ﺡﺭـﺴﻤ

ﻭ ﻱﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭـﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺩـﻗ ﻑﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ؛ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻀﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺎﻴﻁﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺜﻭﺘ ﺍﺩﻘﻨ ﺕ

ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ .

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-3 ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ .

ﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹲﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹶﺙﺤﺎﺒ

ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﺘﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺩﻭﺩﺸﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺠﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻋ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝﺃ ﻡﺜ ؟ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ -

ﻪﺘﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ - ﻭ ؟ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹰﺎﻋﻭﻨ

ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻝﻭﺒ ﺍﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻁﺸﺎﺒﺒ ﹰﺍﺀﺩﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺄﺸﻨ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻝ ﺩﺎﻴﻋ ﻑﻴﺭﺸ ﻥﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻻﻭﺼﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺎﻜ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ...

؟ﻥﻴﺭﺨﺁ ﻭ

ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺼ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺤﺘﻘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺸﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻻﻭﻝ ﻭ ،ﻼﻴﻭﻁ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺸ

ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻘﺘﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺫﺨﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﺃ ﺎﻤﻝ ،ﻪﻝﺎﺠﺭﺒ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .

ﺎﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﻭﻋﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﺘﺸﻴ ﻭ ﻭ ،ﻪﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺏ

ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ .

ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ

لﻜ ﻭ ﻪﺤﺭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺯﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺤﻜﺭﺒ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﺘﻝﺎﻓ ﻥﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﻁﻗ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻑﺭﻁ .

ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ﺡﺎﺘﺘﻓﺍ ﻥﺇ

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ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻠﻝ ﻥﺎﻔﻴﻜﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺒ "

ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ

ﺱﻴﻝ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻭ ،ﺎﺜﺤﺒ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻼﻝ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺸﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ .

ﻡﺴﻗ ﺡﺎﺘﺘﻓﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺯﺭﺒﻷﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ

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ﻲﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ "

ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ

ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ،ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺢﺘﻔﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﺭﺎﻁﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤﺒ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺴﻗ ﺢﺘﻔﻝ ﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﺍﻭﺩﺠﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺫﺇ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﻌﻨ ﺝﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ لﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺍﻭﻠﻴﺎﺤﺘﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺩﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﺒ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝ

ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ .

ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻭ

ﻡﺴﻗ ﻡﺴﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻯﻭﻀﻨﺍ ﻭ ،ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺕﺄﺸﻨﺃ لﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ّلﺤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻝﺍ .

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ﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﻪﻠﻜ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺎﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﺤﺭﺼ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻝ لﺍﺅﺴ

ﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﻌﻤﺒ ﺭﺼﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﺍﺭﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻴﺭﻌﻝ

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ﺩﻬﻌﻤﻝﺍ

لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ "

ـﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺴ ﻭ

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لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤﻝﺍ

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ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭ

؟ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺜ ﻲﻨﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ .

ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺘﻤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺭﻴﺤﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝ

ﻻ ﻭ ؟ﺭﺨﺄﺘﻤ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﺠﺘ ﻻ ﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻻﺇ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﻜﻴ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻ ﺯﻓﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻓﺩ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻭ ﺭﻴﻌﺸﻭﺒ ﺩﻴﺸﺭ لﺎﺜﻤﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻼﻁ

ﻲﻨﺎﻜﺠ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺼ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨ ﻭ ...

ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ .

ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻤﺘﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ

ﻭﺤﻨ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻤﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺍﻭﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺸﻫﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻡﻬﻜﱠﻠﻤﺘﻓ ،لﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﻴﺭﺎﻀﺘ ﻥﻭﻓﺭﻌﻴ .

ﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺍ ﺍﺫﻝ ﻭ

ﺔﻋﺎﺠﺸﻝﺍ . ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﻭﻁﺨﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﺘ لﻴﻤ ﻑﻝﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭ ﻭ

ﺎﻴﻨﻀﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻡﻜ ﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺩﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻔﺸ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻪﺒﻠﻏﺃ .

لﺎﺠﺭﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺘﻓ

ﺠ ﻭ ،ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺏﺘﺎﻜ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺎﻜ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻝﻭﻜ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺕﻌﻤ

ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻭﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺯﻤ لﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ

ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﻔﻅ

ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺦﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻼﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﻷﺍ ﻴﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻴﻋﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ

ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ

ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻭﻠﺼﺅﻴ ﻭ ﻡﻬﺴﺴﺅﻴ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻡﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ .

ﻥﺎﻜ ﻡﻜ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻼﻀﻔﻤ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺎﻤﺌﻼﻤ

ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺔﺒﻘﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻡﺜ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻠﻝ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝ ﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺕﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﻭ ،ﻲ

ﺫﻫ لﺎﺠﺭ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ ،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍ

ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﺒﺤﺭ ﻕﺎﻓﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻘﻨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ

151

ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺍﻭﻁﺒﻨﺘﺴﺎﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻭ

ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ .

-4 ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ

ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺏﻫﺫﺘ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ

ﻥﺃ

،ﺩﺠﻭ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻬﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﹼﻜﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭ

ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤ ﻭ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ

iii.

،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﻴﺒﺃ ﺝﺭﻭﺠ ﺓﺭﺎﻴﺯ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ لﻭﺃ لﻌﻝ ﻭ ﻴﺴﻼﻜ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﻌﺴ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺠ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﺄﺸﻨﺃﻭ ،ﻲﻜ

لﻼﺨ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺙﻼﺜ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠﻜ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺴ ـ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ـ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺍﻭﺘ ﻭ ،ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﻊﺒﺭﺃ ﺎﺠﻀﻨ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ .

ﻤﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﺕﻔﻗﻭﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﺕﻠﻁﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﺒﺴ ﺎ

ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺴ ،ﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﺤﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺀﺎﻔﻀﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﺴﺃ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺏﻭﻏﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ .

ﺭﻬﻅ ﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﺕ

ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ

"

ﻝﻼﻋ ﻭ "

ﻑﹼﻅﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ

"

ﺎﺠﺤ

"

ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻏﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻭ ،ﺔﻁﺴﺒﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸ ﺔﻐﻝ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ

ﺭﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ

،ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻬﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ،ﺓ ﻴﺩﻬﺸﻤ ﻡﺯﺍﻭﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ

ﺱﺒﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﻴﺩﻝﺎﻜ ﺔ .

ﻪﻴﺘﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﻲﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺠ ،ﻥﻴﻠﻘﻋﻭﺒ

ﺔﻤﺭﺒﻭﺒ "

ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻬﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﹼﻅﻭ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻠﻝ ﺎﺘﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﺎﺘﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻨﺘﻋﺍ .

ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺏﺭﺠ لﺒ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻑﺘﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻭ

ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .

ﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻋﺩ ﻭ ﻰﺤﺼﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺸ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﻙﺎ

ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻑﻝﺄﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ لﻌﻔﺒ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨ لﺁ ﺩﻴﻌﻝﺍ

"

ﺡﺎﺒﺭ ﻥﺒ لﻼﺒ "

ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻪﻌﺒﺘ ﻭ ،1938

لﻌﺒﻨﺤ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﺒ ﻲﻝﻼﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻭ ،1948

"

ﺩﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ

".

152

ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﻓ ﻭﺤﻭﺤ ﺎﻀﺭ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺱﺴﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻭ ،1949

ﺔﻗﺭﻓ ﺀﻼﻀﻓ ﺭﻫﺎﻁﻝﺍ

"

ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﻫ

"

ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ ،

ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻗﻭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺎﻴ ﺏﺘﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﺒﺘﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻜ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﻻﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﻭ .

ﻴﺩﻋ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻘﻓﺍﺭ ﺓﺩ

ﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﺘﻝﻭﺃ ﻭ ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻔﻜﺘ ﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻀﺘﻘﺘ .

ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﺭ ﺢﺘﻔﺘ ﻭ

ﻭ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺤﻴﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻅﻭﺘ ﻭ

ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ . ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺕﻨﻭﻜﺘ ﻭ ،ﺡﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺭﻴ ﺍﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺫﺠ ﻭ

ﺎﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻨﹼﻜﻤ ﺔﻜﻠﻤ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ .

ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅ ﻭ

ﺎﺒﺸﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﻭ ﺡﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ

ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﹼﺸﻨ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺤﻔﺼ ﺕﻼﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻌﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺩﻤﺃ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻭ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺘ .

ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻑﺭﻋﻭ ،لﻤﺃ ﺔﺒﻴﺨ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻔﺨﺇ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﻭ

ﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺎﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﺤﺎ

ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻘﻌﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﺠﺭﻬﻤﻝﺍ .

ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ﻪﺘﺩﻤﺃ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻻ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻫﺎﻫ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﻭ ؛ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺽﻭﺭﻋ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﺤ

ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒﻭ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻠﺒ ﻱﺩﻴﺴ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ

. ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻨﺎﻐﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﺕﻤﻬﺴﺃ ﻭ

ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻜﺎﻜ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻤﻋ ﻪﻤﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺴ لﻜ ﺓﺭﻤ ﺩﻘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ ﻥﺎﺠﺭﻬﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﻤﻭﻴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻼﺼﺍﻭﺘﻤ لﺍﺯﺎﻤ .

ﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺱﺴﺅﻴﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ،ﻱﺭ

ﻕﺎﻓﺁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﺘﻴﻓ ﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻭﺨﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﺒﺤﺭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺵﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﻤﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻠﻝ ﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻘﻴ ﻡﺎﺘ ﺽﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ .

153

ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻑﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭﻨﺴ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ .

لﺌﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻭ

"

ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ "

ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺈﺒﻭ ﺩﺎﻴﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺯ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺠﻴﻭﺒ ﺭﻴﺸﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭ

ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺯﺎﺠ ﻲﻨﺎﻗﺭﻓ /2003

.2004

ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﺒ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺘﻫﺍ ،لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻭ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻊﻤ ﻪﺘﺩﺩﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻋ

ﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺴﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘ

ﻙﺎﻜﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﺝﺍﺭﺨﻹﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻤ ﻭ ،ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﺜﻤﺘ

ﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻨﻭﺘﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺴﻭ ﺭﺼ

ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ .

ﻭ

ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺜ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍﻭ لﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺭﻭﻜﻴﺩﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻀﺇ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﻨﻴﺴ .

ﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻠﻘﺒ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻯﺩﻤﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﻭﻫ لﺒ ﺔ

ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .

ﻙﻠﺘ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻭ

ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴﻝ ،ﻲﻤﺍﺭﻭﻨﺎﺒ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺒﻁﻨﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺠﺘﻴ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻲﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻝ ﻭ ،

ﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﺱﻤﻼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻷ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺩﻗﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﺃ ﻭ ،ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺄﺘﻝ لﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻤ .

ﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻋﺯﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻁﺴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻊ

ﻥﻷ ؛ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺦﻴﺭﺄﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﻊﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻁﻘﺴﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺎﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻴﻨﻓ ﺎﻁﺨ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨﻝ ﻡﺴﺭﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ،ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻭﺭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺩﻗ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻨ

ﻭ ﺹﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﻜ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻨ ﺎﻨﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻻﺇ ،ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘ

154

ﺭﻭﻜﻴﺩ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﻤﻤ .

ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ

ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻁﺅﻴ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﻓ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ .

ﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻜ

ﻪﺘﻘﺒﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺭﻴﺴﺃ ﻲﻘﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻡﻋﺯﻝﺍ ـﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﻴﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺹﺨﻷﺎﺒ ﻭ

"

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﺃ -

ﻩﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ "

ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻴﻐﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ

ﺴﺍﺭﺩﻜ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺸﻗﻭﻨ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺼ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨ ﺔ

ﻕﻓﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﻨﺼ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭﺨﺭﺅﻤ ﻩﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ :

ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ،ل

ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ :

ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺜ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻝﺍ

ﻥﻴﻔﻝﻷﺍ .

ﺇ ﻥ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝ ﺭﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻤﻝﺍ

ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺭﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﺭﻤ لﻌﻝ ﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻐﻝ ﻭ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﺎﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﻠ

ﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻱﺭﻴﺴﺃ ﺍﻭﻠﻅ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ .

ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤ ﻥﺇ

ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻠﻗ ﻭ ،ﻡﻋﺯﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤ

ﺎﻤﺒ ﺭﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﻅﺤﻠﻨ ﺩﻗ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﺒﻗ ﺯﺠﻨﺃ ﻡﺩﻗ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺸﺘﻓ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺜ لﺌﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﻌﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻰﺘﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﻫﻭﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻭﺃ ،ﻕﺒﺴ ﺏﺴﺘﺤﻴ ﻻ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺭﻜ ﺩﻗ ﻪﺘﺩﺠﻭ .

،ﻲﻜﺎﻜﻝ لﻏﺎﺸﻝﺍ لﻐﺸﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻱﻭﻬﺘﺴﻴ ﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻴﺎﻐﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻭ ،ﻕﻴﺸ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭ ﻥﺎﻜ لﻬﻓ ،ﻰﺘﺸ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻴ ﻲﻜﺎﻜ ﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺏﺴﻜ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠ

لﺒﻘﻴ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻜﺎﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻋﺯﺃ ؟ﺽﻴﺭﻋ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﺎﻔﺘﺤﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﻓ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝ لﻤﺎﺤ ﻭ ﺔﻌﺘﻤ ﻭ

.

155

ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ

-i

ﺔﻴﻔﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥـﻓ ،ﺩﻴﺯ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻕﻭﺭﺎﻓ :

ﻭ ﺔـﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﻥﻭﻤﺄـﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﻫﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ،17

ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ .1981

-ii

ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ :

73

-iii

،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﻁﻭﻁﺨﻤ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺼ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺭﻅﻨﺍ ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ .

ﺘـﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﻁﻭﻁﺨﻤ ،ﺙﺍﺭﻴﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻭ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﻴ

ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ .1988