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HAL Id: inria-00072640

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072640

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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About Folding-Unfolding Cuts and Cuts Modulo

Gilles Dowek

To cite this version:

Gilles Dowek. About Folding-Unfolding Cuts and Cuts Modulo. RR-4004, INRIA. 2000. �inria- 00072640�

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ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--4004--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 2

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

About folding-unfolding cuts and cuts modulo

Gilles Dowek

N 4004

Septembre 2000

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Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt

Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

Téléphone : +33 1 39 63 55 11 — Télécopie : +33 1 39 63 53 30

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(14)

Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt

Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

Éditeur

INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-6399

Références

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