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lseddar@yahoo.fr 333 AL NACIRIYA
Vol.09 N°: Spécial décembre 2018
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@å§ ‰a†• 1 L@ æbíŒß@†àª 2 @ @ @ @ @Lêa‰ìn×…@kÛb òÈßbu @ æaŠçë @ 2 L 1 @ lseddar@yahoo.fr @@ òÈßbu @ æaŠçë @ 2 L 2 @ mezianoran@yahoo.fr Þb‰⁄a@ƒí‰bm @Z 21 @O 0 9 @O 2018 @ ÞìjÔÛa@ƒí‰bm@[ @Z 11 @O 10 @O 2018 @ @ @ @The availability of quality standards of higher education from the viewpoint of faculty members: case study Faculty
of Arts and Languages University of Mascara Abstract
The current study aims to identify the availability of higher education quality standards from the point of view of faculty members at the University of Mascara Faculty of arts and languages moreover 120 professor were deliberately selected as sample (65 males, 95 females) at the Faculty during the academic year 2017/2018. Beside the researcher used the descriptive approach and created a questionnaire with Signs of sincerity and stability In order to achieve the objectives of the study. The following results were found
334 AL NACIRIYA
Vol.09 N°: Spécial décembre 2018 The quality of higher education is available according to the study dimensions and from the point of view of the faculty members with a medium degree of 65%.
There are no statistically significant differences concerning the sample responses Towards the availability and quality of higher education standers From the point of view of faculty members due to the, age and grad variable
Keyword: Faculty Member; Quality Standard, Higher
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ñ…ìu@ŠíbÈß áîÜÈnÛa ïÛbÈÛa @ Z æbàšÛ ñ…ì¦a@ÕîÔ¤ ¿ pbûß áîÜÈnÛa ïÛbÈÛa ü †i åß Œî×Ûa óÜÇ òÇìà© @åß ŠíbȽa bç…†Èm@áˉë bèÇìämë üg æc àçc bè Ýrànm @ñ…ìÇ@ìic@ky I 2004 @Z 101 @H ïÜí@bàîÏ @Z @ @ ñ…ìu ìšÇ ò÷îç 퉆nÛa : @ îÛ Úbäç Òý Þìy ‰ë†Ûa âba ðˆÛa âìÔí éi ìšÇ ò÷îç 퉆nÛa ¿ ‹b¬g ÕîÔ¤ë@LòîàîÜÈnÛa@òîÜàÈÛa Òa†çc òû½a Ûa ÝàÈí Lbèi †–Ôíë ñ…ì ìšÇ ò÷îç 퉆nÛa éÜîçdm Šßþa@LïàÜÈÛa áèí@ ðˆÛa bÔy ¿ õaŠqg òîÜàÈÛa ÕÏë òÐÜÐÛa òîàÜÈÛa òíìiÛaë Ûa bèŠí LÉàna ìšÇ@Ýn°ë ò÷îç @ 퉆nÛa Œ×Š½a Þëþa åß sîy énîàçc ¿ b¬ òîÜàÈÛa LòîàîÜÈnÛa bàèàÏ oÌÜi òîàîÜÈnÛa@wßaÛa åß @ ‰ìİm bàèßë oÌÜi åß Lñ…ìu bèãhÏ ü ÕÔ¤ ñ†öbÐÛa ñìuŠ½a bèäß a‡g bçˆÐäí @ñˆmbc õbÐ×c æìi‰†ß LbîÏb×@bj퉆m æìÜçûßë ýîçdm Lbjbäß ÕîÔznÛë ÙÛ‡ †iü åß ŠÏìm …†Ç åß pbàÛa ìšÇ@ô†Û ò÷îç bèäß@퉆nÛa : @ @ − pbàÛa [òî–‚’Ûa ædi æìØí éí†Û òãëŠß ¿ ØÐnÛa òÔqë ¿ ÐäÛa ñ‰†ÔÛaë óÜÇ áèÐm @ å튣a æcë@LáèÜjÔmë ÙÜn¹ pa‰bèß Þb–müa ÞbÈÐÛa ñ‰†ÔÛaë óÜÇ Š’Ûa |î™ìnÛaë . − ñõbÐØÛa [òîäè½a ædi æìØí Éß òjÜİÛa ÉÏa†í áèäÇ á版°ë åß ñŠb‚½a â†Ôíë á ñ†Çb½a @ ¿ áèßbèß@‹b¬a Év’íë óÜÇ æëbÈnÛa ïÇbànuüa Ú‰†íë ŠÇb’ß å튣a . − pa¨a [òîÐÓì½a ání ÙÛ‡ åÇ ÕíŠ ñ ‡bnþa òÔàČȽa ¿ Þb© é––¥ éma‰†Óë óÜÇ @ pa‰bè½a@ Þb…g òîÜÈÐÛa ¿ òîÜàÈÛa ém‰†Óë óÜÇ âa†‚na Êbànüa@pa‰bèß òjÜİÜÛ bèÐîÃìmë @ ÝØ’i †îu .
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− ñõbÐØÛa [òîàÜÈÛa ïçë âb½g ‡bnþa pbßìÜȽbi Ûa@pa¨aë bèubn° òjÜİÛa â†Ôíë á ÙÜm @ ÝØ’Ûbi@pbßìÜȽa áîÜÛa |îz–Ûaë . − ñõbÐØÛa [òíìiÛa ïçë òÏŠÈß ‡bnþa ÖŠİÛbi wçbä½aë òî퉆nÛa òíìiÛaë ¿ ÝßbÈnÛa Éß @ kÛbİÛa . ñ…ìu kÛbİÛa : @ kÛbİÛa ìç Švy òíëaŒÛa ¿ òîÜàÈÛa òîàîÜÈnÛa bç‰ìªë òíbÌÛaë Ûa bèjÜİnm LáîÜÈnÛaë@ áÜÈnÛa@ òîÜàÇ @ †iüë åß ˆþa …†Èi åß ù…bj½a kuaìÛa bçŠÏaìm éîÏ ïØÛ |j–í a‰…bÓ óÜÇ ÝÇbÐnÛa Š•bäÇ@òîÔi@Éß @ òîÜàÈÛa òîàîÜÈnÛa ÕîÔznÛ Òa†çþa ñ…ì’ä½a åß âbÄã áîÜÈnÛa ïÛbÈÛa êˆçë ù…bj½a ïç Z − Œî×Ûa êbjnãüaë õbÌ•⁄aë åß Ýuc ÝjÔm lbÈînaë ‰bØÏc ‡bnþa . − ÝÇbÐnÛa ïЖÛa ÙÛ‡ë åß Þý ÝjÔm pbßìÜȽa Ûa Šİm õbäqc ÷‰†Ûa . − áîîÔnÛa ïmaˆÛa áníë ÙÛ‡ åß Þý òÈuaŠ½a òîmaˆÛa pbßìÜÈàÜÛ pbî×ìÜÛaë òí…ŠÐÛa kÛbİÜÛ . @ @ Úbäçë …†Ç åß paŠ‘û½a k¯ bçŠÏaìm ¿ ñ…ìu LkÛbİÛa Ýrß òjbäß …†Ç òjÜİÛa õbšÇþ 퉆nÛa@ ò÷îç ¿ xìÐÛa †yaìÛa ŠÏaìmë pb߆¨a Ûa â†Ôm Lá òÏb™⁄bi µg ŒíŒÈm òîÈÏa… áç…a†Ènaë@ òjÜİÛa áÜÈnÜÛ ŒíŒÈmë áènÜ• òjnؽbi . @ @ ñ…ìu wßaÛa òîàîÜÈnÛa ÖŠë 퉆nÛa : @ †–Ôí ñ…ì wßaÛa òîàîÜÈnÛa bì bèÔàÇë bèibÈînaë@bènãëŠßë ÑÜn‚½ pbí†znÛa òî½bÈÛa @ ñ‰ìrÛaë LòîϊȽa ô†ßë bç‰ìİm b¶ kbäní Éß bèßbègë@ LòßbÈÛa@ paÌn½a ¿
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åíìØm òî–‚’Ûa @ LòÜßbØn½a Šßþa ðˆÛa åß éãd‘ æc Ýȯ ÖŠ bè퉆m ñ†îÈi bßb· ´ÔÜnÛa@åÇ ñrßë ‰bØÏþ ÞìÔÇë @ lýİÛa åß Þý pb‰bà½a òîÔîjİnÛa ÙÜnÛ wßaÛa ÖŠë bè퉆m @ ïöbİÛa @I 2004 NH @ @ ñ…ìu ïãbj½a bèmaŒîè£ë : @ óäj½a ïàîÜÈnÛa émaŒîè£ë ‰ìª âbç åß ‰ëbª òîÜàÈÛa LòîàîÜÈnÛa nÈm@‡g ñ…ìu ïãbj½a @ bèmaŒîè£ë ña…c òÛbÈÏ ÕîÔznÛ ñ…ì¦a ¿ áîÜÈnÛa b½ b åß qdm ÞbÈÏ óÜÇ òîàîÜÈnÛa@òîÜàÈÛa @ Lbèm…ìuë pbÇbÔÏ L퉆nÛa LòíìènÛa Lñõb™⁄a L†ÇbÔ½a bçËë åß pýàn’½a Šqûm @óÜÇ ñ…ìu @ áîÜÈnÛa LémbuŠ«ë bàÜ×ë oäy oÜàn×aë pbÇbÓ áîÜÈnÛa bàÜ× Šqc ÙÛ‡ bib¯g óÜÇ pa‰†Ó ò÷îç@õbšÇc @ 퉆nÛa òjÜİÛaë . @ @ ñ…ìu ÝöbìÛa kîÛbþaë òİ’ãþaë : @ Ýrànmë ¿ âa†‚na pbîäÔnÛa ñŒèuþaë òr톧a Ûa ñ…bÐnüa@åع bèäß ¿ Œ×aŠß áîÜÈnÛa @ @pan‚½aë Šíìİmë pbjnؽa LòîÈßb¦a Ò†èíë âa†‚na òr톧a@bîuìÛìäØnÛa µg Ýîèm Þì–§a óÜÇ @ pbßìÜȽa b…bjmë bèÜÈuë òybnß å½ bèjÜİí ñõbÐØi Lòäؾ ñ‰a…⁄a@ †îÐnmë òîàîÜÈnÛa åß bîuìÛìäØm @ pbßìÜȽa åÇ ÕíŠ †í†¤ pbubvnyüa åß pbßìÜȽa ÝØÛ Âb’ã òİ’ãþa@ åß õaì oãb× ÙÜm @ òİ’ãþa åß Ýa… òû½a ëc Lbèu‰b †í†¤ ÝöbìÛa Ûa ání bèi @Éî࣠pbßìÜȽa LòiìÜݽa @ òÏb™⁄bi µg òîÐî× ÝßbÈnÛa Éß pbßìÜȽa ¿ Þì–§a óÜÇ paŠ‘û½a ‡b¥ü@òí‰ëŠšÛa pa‰aŠÔÛa @ ÙÛˆ×ë áîÄäm pbîÜàÇ ÅÐy s톤ë Êbuaë pbßìÜȽa ÝØ’i ÕÔ° Òa†çþa bçìuŠm@Ûa ñ‰a…⁄a @ òÔíŠİÛbië ÝšÏþa @ Çbݽa @I 2005 HN @ @
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ñ…ìu ñ‰a…⁄a òîÈßb¦a pbÈ튒nÛaë |öaìÜÛaë : @ †–Ôíë ÙÛˆi ñ…ìu òîÜàÈÛa òí‰a…⁄a Ûa bè‰b¹ Ý× ëc@Ší†ß †öbÓ ¿ âbÄäÛa LïÈßb¦a ÑÛdnmë @ ھ ê‡ òîÜàÈÛa åß Š•bäÇ òîbc ïç Z Áîİ‚nÛa áîÄänÛaë òibÓŠÛaë@ ñ…bîÔÛaë áíìÔmë Lõa…þa bàÜ×ë p…a…‹a @ ñ…ìu òîÜàÈÛa òí‰a…⁄a åy âa†‚na …‰aì½a òybn½a òí…b½aë@ò튒jÛa N nÈmë pbÈ튒nÛa òîÈßb¦a òîàçc@pa‡ òÌÛbi ¿ Áj™ òîÜàÈÛa òîàîÜÈnÛa ¿ áîÜÈnÛa@pbûß LïÛbÈÛa sîy æc êˆç pbÈ튒nÛa ô†yg@†Èm ‰…b–ß ‹b¬g ñ‰a…g ñ…ì¦a LòÜßb’Ûa ÙÛˆÛ †iü @æc k×aìm êˆç pbÈ튒nÛa paÌn½a òîÇbànuüaë@òí…b–nÓüa òîuìÛìäØnÛaë òbîÛaë òîÏbÔrÛaë ¿ Lòİîa@ò÷îjÛa ´Èníë æc æìØm êˆç |öaìÜÛa @òz™aë ñ…†ªë òãŠßë N@ I æaìÜÇ N@ I 2004 H N ñ…ìu ÝíìànÛa ÖbÐã⁄aë ïàÜÈÛa : @ Ýr¹ Ýíì· áîÜÈnÛa ý†ß ÍÛbi òîàçþa åß pý†ß ðc âbÄã a‡gë@ LïàîÜÈm pŠÏaìm aˆ âbÄäÛa @ …‰aì½a òîÛb½a LòîÏbØÛa oÜÓ LémýØ’ß ‰b•ë åß ÝèÛa LbèÜy †Èíë i†m @‰ìßþa òß‹ýÛa õbÏìÜÛ @ Ýíìàni áîÜÈnÛa éÛ@aŠßc êŠqc jØÛa ¿ ˆîÐäm wßaÛa òîàîÜÈnÛa Áİ‚½a Lb ÙÛˆ×ë æhÏ âa†‚na@õì @ Þaìßþa ð…ûî µg îÌm Áİ wßaŠië LáîÜÈnÛa Šßþa ðˆÛa Šqûí bàny óÜÇ ñ…ìu áîÜÈnÛa Ûaë xbn¤ @ bjÛbË µg Ýíì· áöa… N aŠÄãë òîàçþ òîÜàÇ Ýíì· LáîÜÈnÛa oÇ… pbçb£üa òr톧a òànè½a @ pbí…b–nÓbi áîÜÈnÛa µg âbànçüa êˆèi òîÜàÈÛa åß Ýuc ÕîÔ¤ òîàänÛa òîjÜmë kÜİÛa †íaŒn½a óÜÇ áîÜÈnÛa @ åÇ ÕíŠ Ïìm ádžÛa @ïÛb½a òãëýÇ @I 2004 NH
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Ìn½ @ ŠàÈÛa @ åß @ Þý @ …bÈic @ òa‰†Ûa @I ´znÛa @ LŠàn½a @ szjÛa @ LïàÜÈÛa @ Êb™ëþa @ Lòî¹…b×þa @ òÏbÔq @ ñ…ì¦a H. @†ÔÛ pŠÐc @ @åß@ÙÛ‡@|šní@bà×@òÐÛa@ÕÔ¤@åÇ@òa‰†Ûa@wöbnã @áÓ‰@Þ놦a@wöbnã I 05 @H ü@éãa@oÐ’×@sîy @ @òÛa…@ÖëŠÏ@†uìm bîöb–yg @ @ì− @ôŒÈm@òî퉆nÛa@ò÷îa@ŠÄã@òèuë@åß@ïÛbÈÛa@áîÜÈnÛa@ñ…ìu@ŠíbÈß@ŠÏìm@ô†ß ŠàÈÛa@Ìnß@µg @N @æì×@µg@òvînäÛa@êˆç@Ðm@åعë õbšÇc @ ¯@òî퉆nÛa@ò÷îa @áèÈà @¿@ò×’ßë@ñ†öb@pa†ÔnȽaë@áîÔÛa@åß@òÇìà©@åàšní@ïÇbànua@É™ë @ñ…ì¦a@bíbšÔÛ@áè×a‰…hÏ@ïÛbnÛbië@òÈßb¦a õa…þaë @ @Šqdnm@Ûa@òîÈÏa†Ûbi@ÁjmŠß Éàna@¿@‡bnþa@òãbØßë@òîÇbànuüa@âaìÈÛbi N @ @ òãëýÇ@wöbnã@Éß@òvînäÛa@êˆç@oÔÐmaë I 2004 H @kîݨaë I 2004 @H @´nÜÛa bm‰b‘c @ @ïÛbÈÛa@áîÜÈnÛa@ñ…ìu@ŠíbÈß@Õîjİm@¿@ÖëŠÏ@…ìuë@â†Ç@µg @ñ…ìÇ@ìic@òa‰…@wöbnã@Éß@òvînäÛa@êˆç@oÐÜnaë I 2004 H @sîy p‰b‘c @ @Áìnß@¿@ÖëŠÏ@…ìuë@µg …aŠÏþa @ ŠàÈÛa@Ìn½@ôŒÈm@òa‰†Ûa@òäîÇ N āŠÇ @ ò’Óbäßë @ òÐÛa @ òîöŒ¦a @ òrÛbrÛa @ @ āŠÇ @ wöbnäÛa @ òÔÜÈn½a @ òÐÛbi @ îöŒ¦a ò@ òrÛbrÛa @ Ûa @ —äm @ óÜÇ @ éãc « ü @ †uìm @ ÖëŠÏ @ òÛa… @ bîöb–yg @ ¿ @ pbibvna @ òäîÇ @ òa‰†Ûa @ ì− @ ô†ß @ ŠÏìm @ ŠíbÈß @ ñ…ìu @ áîÜÈnÛa @ ïÛbÈÛa @ òîÜØi @ la…Ła @ pbÌÜÛaë @ òÈßbu @ ŠØÈß @ ôŒÈm @ Ìn½ @ ä¦a CN @ @ @ @ @ @
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…bÈiþa @ @ ‰ìׇ @ @ tbãg @ @ òàîÓ @ p @ @ ôìnß @ òÛü†Ûa @ @ @Áìnß ïiby @ @ ÒaŠ−a @ ð‰bîÈß @ @ Áìnß @ ïiby @ @ ÒaŠ−a @ ð‰bîÈß @ @ ´znÛa @ Šàn½a @ @ 3.26 @ @ 0.80 @ @ 3.34 @ @ 0.66 @ @ @M 0.81 @ @ 0.41 @ @ szjÛa @ ïàÜÈÛa @ @ 3.33 @ @ 0.75 @ @ 3.37 @ @ 0.58 @ @ @M 0.41 @ @ 0.65 @ @ Êb™ëþa @ òî¹…b×þa @ @ 3.02 @ @ 0.86 @ @ 3.13 @ @ 0.63 @ @ @M 0.91 @ @ 0.36 @ @ òÏbÔq @ ñ…ì¦a @ @ 3.27 @ @ 0.83 @ @ 3.07 @ @ 0.58 @ @ 1.83 @ @ 0.06 @ @ òu‰†Ûa @ òîÜØÛa @ @ 3.26 @ @ 0.74 @ @ 3.22 @ @ 0.46 @ @ @M 0.22 @ @ 0.81 @ @ Þë†u @ áÓ‰ @I 06 @ZH ´i @ Áìn½a @ òîib§a @ pbÏaŠ−üaë @ òí‰bîȽa @ bÔÏë @ Ìn½ @ ä¦a N ŠèÄí @ åß @ Þý @ Þ놦a @ áÓ‰ @I 06 @H éãc @ ü @ †uìm @ ÖëŠÏ @ ´i @ ‰ì׈Ûa @ tbã⁄aë @ ì− @ ô†ß @ ŠÏìm @ ŠíbÈß @ ñ…ìu @ áîÜÈnÛa @ ïÛbÈÛa @ sîy @ ´jm @ â†Ç @ …ìuë @ ÖëŠÏ @ ´i @ ´ä¦a @ ¿ @ †Èi @ ´znÛa @ Šàn½a @ sîy @ ÍÜi @ Áìn½a @ ïib§a I 3.26 @ H ÒaŠ−bi @ ð‰bîÈß @ ê‰†Ó @I 0.80 H òϊȽë @ ÖŠÐÛa @ bàèäîi @ oÌÜi @ òàîÓ @ p @I @M 0.81 @H ôìn¶ @ òÛü… @I 0.41 H ïçë @ òàîÓ @ Ë @ òÛa… @ bà× @ ´jm @ â†Ç @ …ìuë @ ÖëŠÏ @ ´i @ ‰ì׈Ûa @ tbã⁄aë @ ¿ @ †Èi @ szjÛa @ ïàÜÈÛa @ sîy @ ÍÜi @ Áìn½a @ ïib§a I 3.33 @ H ÒaŠ−bi @ ð‰bîÈß @ ê‰†Ó I 0.75 H òϊȽë @ ÖŠÐÛa @ bàèäîi @ oÌÜi @ òàîÓ @ p I @M 0.41 H ôìn¶ @ òÛü… @I 0.65 @H ïçë @ òàîÓ @
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Ë @ LéÛa… @ ´jm @ â†Ç @ …ìuë @ ÖëŠÏ @ ´i @ ‰ì׈Ûa @ tbã⁄aë @ ¿ @ †Èi @ Êb™ëþa @ òî¹…b×þa @ sîy @ ÍÜi @ Áìn½a @ ïib§a I 3.02 H ÒaŠ−bi @ ‰bîÈß @ ꉆÔí @ I 0.86 H òϊȽë @ ÖŠÐÛa @ bàèäîi @ oÌÜi @ òàîÓ @ p @I M 0.91 H ïçë @ òàîÓ @ Ë @ òÛa… @ bà× @ ´jm @ â†Ç @ …ìuë @ ÖëŠÏ @ ´i @ ‰ì׈Ûa @ tbã⁄aë @ ¿ @ †Èi @ òÏbÔq @ ñ…ì¦a @ sîy @ ÍÜi @ Áìn½a @ ïib§a I 3.27 H ÒaŠ−bi @ ‰bîÈß @ ê‰†Ó @I 0.83 @H òϊȽë @ ÖŠÐÛa @ bàèäîi @ oÌÜi @ òàîÓ @ p @I 1.83 H ôìn¶ @ òÛü… @I 0.06 @H ïçë @ òàîÓ @ Ë @ òÛa… N @ @ @åß@ÙÛ‡@|šní@bà×@òÐÛa@ÕîÔ¤@åÇ@òa‰†Ûa@wöbnã@pŠÐc@†ÔÛ @áÓ‰@Þ놦a@wöbnã I 06 @H @òÛa…@ÖëŠÏ@†uìm@ü@éãc@oÐ’×@sîy bîöb–yg @ @´i @‰ì׈Ûa tbã⁄aë @ @ŠÄã@òèuë@åß@ïÛbÈÛa@áîÜÈnÛa@ñ…ìu@ŠíbÈß@ŠÏìm@ô†ß@ì−
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• åy@ ðëýjÛa L@ I 2000 HN @ @paŠ‘ûß@ ´i@ áîÜÈnÛa@ ¿@ òÜßb’Ûa@ ñ…ì¦a
@Lñ½a@‰a…@L…bànÇüa@ŠíbÈßë@ŒîîànÛa æ…‰þa N @ @ • āìÇ@†àª@ð‰ìmÛa L@ I 2006 HN @ @pbûß@¿@òÜßb’Ûa@ñ…ì¦a@ñ‰a…g @æbàÇ@LòÇbjİÛaë@Éí‹ìnÛaë@Š’äÜÛ@ñ½a@‰a…@LïÛbÈÛa@áîÜÈnÛa æ…‰þa N @ @ • pbz‘@ åi@ †àª@ kîݨa L @I 2004 HN @ üaë@ òÜßb’Ûa@ ñ…ì¦a @…bànÇ ï¹…b×þa @ ābíŠÛa@LÉí‹ìnÛaë@Š’äÜÛ@ï°Š¨a@‰a…@LïÛbÈÛa@áîÜÈnÛaë N @ @ • æìßdß@ò×a‰†Ûa @L I 2002 HN @ @õbЖÛa@‰a…@Lòr톧a@pbàšä½a@¿@ñ…ì¦a @LæbàÇ@LŠ’äÜÛ æ…‰þa N @ @ • †»c@åy@ïÈÏb’Ûa L@ I 2006 HN @ @¿@òÜßb’Ûa@ñ…ì¦a@ñ‰a…g@Õîjİm@ŠíbÈß
Â@ LïiŠÈÛa@ Éànbi@ òî™bíŠÛa@ pbûß 1 a@ ‰a…@ L @LŠ’äÛaë@ òÇbjİÜÛ@ õbÏìÛ ò퉆äØ⁄a N @ @ • åì@†î©@Š×b‘ L@ I 2014 HN @ @LòîÈßb¦a@wßaÛaë@pbû½a@¿@ñ…ì¦a @LæbàÇ@LÉí‹ìnÛaë@Š’äÜÛ@õbЖÛa@‰a… æ…‰þa N @ @ • áîçaŠia@†àª@áíŠß@ðëbÓŠ’Ûa L@ I 2003 HN @ @áîÜÈnÛa@ñ…ìu@¿@pba‰… Â@LïÛbÈÛa 1 Š–ß@LñŠçbÔÛa@Lò튖½a@òšèäÛa@òjnØß@L N @ @ • @ïöbİÛa ð…bjÈÛa L@ I 2008 HN @ @LïÈßb¦a@áîÜÈnÛa@¿@òÜßb’Ûa@ñ…ì¦a@ñ‰a…g  1 @LæbàÇ@LÉí‹ìnÛaë@Š’äÜÛ@Öa‰ìÛa@òûß@L æ…‰þa N @ @ • ïЕë@ ŠàÇ@ LïÜîÔÈÛa L @I 2001 HN @ @ñ…ì¦a@ ñ‰a…⁄@ òÜßbØn½a@ òîvèä½a
Â@LòÜßb’Ûa 1 @LæbàÇ@LÉí‹ìnÛaë@Š’äÜÛ@Ýöaë@‰a…@L æ…‰þa N @ @ • ábÓ@ æaìÜÇ L @I 2007 HN @ ™@ ¿@ pbÈßb¦a@ ñ‰a…g @ñ…ì¦a@ ŠíbÈß@ õì @…†Ç@LòîiŠÈÛa@pbÈßb¦a@…b¤g@òÜ©@LòÜßb’Ûa 4 æ…‰þa@LæbàÇ@L N @ @
364 AL NACIRIYA
Vol.09 N°: Spécial décembre 2018
• †àª@ïmìí†ÔÛa L@ I 2007 HN @ @¿@òíìiÛa@òîÜàÈÛa@¿@òÜßb’Ûa@ñ…ì¦a@ñ‰a…g @†jÇ@Ùܽa@òÈßbu@òÜ©@L퉆nÛa@ò÷îç@õbšÇc@‰ìšäß@åß@oíìØÛa@òÈßbu @†Üa@LŒíŒÈÛa I 21 H @…†ÈÛa@L 1 òí…ìÈÛa@Lñ†u@L N @ @ • c@ñëŠß †» L@ I 2003 HN @ @òèuë@åß@ïÈßb¦a@áîÜÈnÛa@ñ…ìu@Õîjİm@püb©
@ pbÈßb¦a@ ¿@ òî퉆nÛa@ ò÷îa@ õbšÇc@ ŠÄã òîã…‰þa @pbÈßb¦a@ …b¤a@ òÜ©@ L @…†ÈÛa@LòîiŠÈÛa 39 @L òãbßþa @ @LòîiŠÈÛa@pbÈßb¦a@…b¤ü@òßbÈÛa æ…‰þa N @ @ • ïÜÇ@ Çbݽa L @I 2005 HN @ @òÜßb’Ûa@ ñ…ì¦a@ ñ‰a…g@ íbÈß@ Õîjİm@ òu‰…
û¶ @ŠÄã@òèuë@åß@ÞbàÇ@òäİÜ@¿@˜b¨a@ïÛbÈÛa@áîÜÈnÛa@pb ´í‰a…⁄a @ ´î¹…b×þaë @ @ òÛb‰@ LbèîÏ nubß @ @òÈßbu@ LòîiÛa@ òîÜ×@ Lñ‰ì’äß@ Ë @L†i‰a@LÚìßÛa æ…‰þa N @ @ • óènäß@ý½a L@ I 2005 HN @ @Õîjİm@ô†ß ù…bjß @ @¿@òÜßb’Ûa@ñ…ì¦a@ñ‰a…g
@ò÷îç@ õbšÇc@ bçaŠí@ bà×@ òîiŠÌÛa@ òКÛa@ pbÄÏbª@ ¿@ òîäîİÜÐÛa@ pbÈßb¦a @òÛb‰@L퉆nÛa nubß @ ´İÜÏ@LÜibã@LbväÛa@òÈßbu@Lñ‰ì’äß@Ë N @ @