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'HX[FKHUFKHXUVRQWLQGpSHQGDPPHQWSURSRVpGHPRGLILHUOHVpTXDWLRQV GH0D[ZHOOSRXUWHQLUFRPSWHG¶HIIHWVGLVVLSDWLIVGHW\SHpOHFWURPDJQpWLTXH GDQVOHVPLOLHX[FRQWLQXV,OHVWFUXFLDOTXHGHVH[SpULHQFHVVRLHQWPHQpHVGH PrPHTXHVRLHQWDQDO\VpHVWKpRULTXHPHQWOHVFRQVpTXHQFHVGHFHWWHQRXYHOOH GHVFULSWLRQHIIHFWLYHGHO¶pOHFWURG\QDPLTXHGHVPLOLHX[FRQWLQXV

5pIpUHQFHV

>@ Roche J.J., B and H, the intensity vectors of magnetism : a new approach to resolving a century-old controversy, 2000, 68, (5), American Journal of Physics.

>@ Jackson J.D., Classical Electrodynamics, third edition, 1998, John Wiley &

Sons, Inc.

>@ Moffatt H.K., Magnetostatic equilibria and analogous Euler flows of arbitrarily complex topology, 1985, Volume 159, p. 359-378, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

>@ Marmanis H., Analogy between the Navier-Stokes equations and Maxwell’s equations : Application to turbulence, 1998, Volume 10, Number 6, p. 1428- 1437, Physics of Fluids.

>@ Marmanis H., Turbulence, electromagnetism and quantum mechanics : A com- mon perspective, 1999, Photon : Old problems in light of new ideas, Ed. V.V.

Dvoeglazov, NovaScience Publications.

(9)

>@ Shridar S., Turbulent transport of a tracer : an electromagnetic formulation, 1998, Volume 58, Number 1, p.522-525, Physical Review E.

>@ Semon M.D., Taylor J.R., Thoughts on the magnetic vector potential, 1996, 64 (11), American Journal of Physics.

>@ Liu M., Hydrodynamic Theory of Electromagnetic Fields in Continuous Media, 1993, Volume 70, Number 23, p. 3580-3583, Physical Review Letters.

>@ Liu M., Maxwell Equations and Irreversibility. Submitted for publication.

>@Liu M., Site Internet : http://www.itp.uni-hannover.de/~liu/welcome.htm

>@Müller H.W. & Engel A., Dissipation in ferrofluids : Mesoscopic versus hydro- dynamic theory, 1999, Volume 60, Number 6, p. 7001-7009, Physical Review E.

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