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تحليل الخطاب وأزمة المعنى عند الأصوليين

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-Maingueneau Dominique, Les termes clés d’analyse de discours, Edt de Seuil, Paris, 1996.

-Benveniste E, Problèmes de linguistique générale, Ceres Editions, Tunis, 1995.

-Charaudeau p et Maingueneau, Dictionnaire d’analyse de discours, Edt de Seuil, Paris, 2002.

-Ducrot.O et Todorov.T, Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences du langage. Seuil, 1972.

-Culioli Antoinne, Sur quelques contradictions en linguistique, (le Seuil) , 1973.

-Bally.Ch, La linguistique générale et la linguistique française, Editions Francke Berne, 1965.

-Oswald Ducrot, Le dire et le dit, Les éditions de minuit, Paris, 1984.

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1 - : Maingueneau D, Les termes clés d’analyse de discours, Edt de

Seuil, Paris, 1996, p11.

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Benveniste E, Problèmes de linguistique générale, Ceres Editions,

Tunis, 1995, p77.

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de Seuil, Paris, 2002, p42, 185.

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