Sporty summer and lazy winter? PA of youth from a seasonal perspective.

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B O O K O F A B S T R A C T S

Editors:

Dela, F., Müller, E., Tsolakidis, E.

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25

^th

Annual Congress of the

EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE

28

^th

- 30

^th

October 2020

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Edited by:

Dela, F., Müller E., Tsolakidis, E.

ISBN 978-3-9818414-3-5

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European College of Sport Science – 28^th - 30^th October 2020 Edited by Dela, F., Müller, E., Tsolakidis, E.

ISBN 978-3-9818414-3-5

Copyright by European College of Sport Science

Conception, DTP: SporTools GmbH – Data management in sports Corrections: Patera, N., Tsolakidis, K.

Aachener Strasse 1053 - 1055, 50858 Cologne, Germany www.SporTools.de

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Organisation

CONGRESS PRESIDENTS – Erich Müller – Jørn Wulff Helge – Flemming Dela ECSS EXECUTIVE BOARD

– Erich Müller - President (AUT) – Joan L. Duda - Past President (GBR) – Jørn Wulff Helge - President Elect (DEN) – Bente Klarlund Pedersen (DEN)

– Janice Thompson (GBR) – Alexander Ferrauti (GER) ECSS SCIENTIFIC BOARD

– Flemming Dela - Chair (DEN)

– Susanna Hedenborg - Co-Chair (SWE) – Jan Cabri - Secretary (NOR)

– Tim Cable (GBR) – Anne-Marie Elbe (GER) – Peter Federolf (AUT) – Paul Greenhaff (GBR) – Gruber (GER)

– Maria Francesca Piacentini (ITA) – Johannes van Lieshout (NED) – Luc van Loon (NED)

ECSS SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE – Per Aagaard (DEN) – Jatin Burniston (GBR)

– José Antonio Lòpez Calbet (ESP) – Christian Couppé (DEN)

– Wim Derave (BEL) – Keith George (GBR)

– José González-Alonso (GBR)

– Elke Grimminger-Seidensticker (GER) – Hans-Christer Holmberg (SWE) – Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre (NOR) – Ryoichi Nagatomi (JPN) – Truls Raastad (NOR) – Olivier Seynnes (NOR) – Afroditi Stathi (GBR) – Wolfgang Taube (SUI) ECSS OFFICE

– Thomas Delaveaux (GER) – Elias Tsolakidis (GRE) – Steffen Neubert (GER) – Alexandra Zavadska (SVK) – Juliane Leyva Gonzalez (GER) – Pablo García González (ESP) – Kate Nuttall (NZ)

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– Stephen Bailey (GBR) – Nick Ball (AUS)

– Bill Baltzopoulous (GBR) – Gregory Bogdanis (GRE) – Leigh Breen (GBR) – Neil Cronin (FIN) – Rosa Diketmüller (AUT) – Marije Elferink-Gremser (NED) – Sally Fenton (GBR)

– Christopher Gaffney (GBR) – Dominic Gehring (GER) – Daniel Green (AUS) – Sydney Grosprêtre (FRA) – Amelia Guadalupe Grau (ESP) – Mette Hansen (DEN)

– Ilkka Heinonen (FIN) – Jaak Jürimäe (EST) – Marko Laaksonen (FIN) – Robert Lamberts (RSA) – Andrew Lane (GBR) – Benedikt Lauber (SUI) – Stefan Josef Lindinger (AUT) – Jamie McPhee (GBR) – Andreas Mierau (GER) – David Morales-Álamo (ESP) – Vassilis Mougios (GRE) – Ramona Ritzmann (GER) – Bart Roelands (BEL) – Christopher Shaw (AUS) – Ana Sousa (POR) – Mike Stembridge (GBR) – Dick Thijssen (GBR) – Lex Verdijk (NED)

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Welcome

Dear Valued Member of our Sport Science Community, Welcome to the 25th ECSS Anniversary Congress, 2020!

The COVID-19 virus is causing much human suffering and economic hardship on a global scale. The ECSS Executive and Scientific Boards have done all that is possible to assess the full picture of how the virus has impacted, and can impact the College moving forward amidst the current chaos, uncertainty and instability.

After careful consideration, and very detailed discussions, we have decided to cancel the ECSS Sevilla 2020 Congress and to organise the 25th ECSS Anniversary Congress, 28-30 October 2020, which will be a virtual congress.

The scientific programme offers a broad interdisciplinary spectrum of current research in sport science. The highlights of this congress will be the live streams of three plenary sessions, more than 25 invited sessions, and the Young Investigators Award (YIA) presentations. In addition you will be able to access and view a huge amount of video streamed oral, traditional poster and e-poster presentations.

The entire 25th ECSS Anniversary Congress programme will be made available for you, via your personal ECSS account, until the end of December 2020.

This virtual congress will be a new experience for all of us. We are confident that with resilience and a spirit stronger than ever before, it will be a fantastic experience for all involved. We hope that you enjoy the 25th ECSS Anniversary Congress and we are already looking forward to welcoming you in person at the new ECSS Sevilla Congress in 2021!

Yours in sport science, Erich Müller, ECSS President

Flemming Dela, Chair ECSS Scientific Board Elias Tsolakidis, ECSS Technical Director

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Live Sessions: Wednesday, October 28, 2020

09:00 - 11:00

IS-PN03 MUSCLE FUNCTION AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ADAPTATIONS IN FEMALES

THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN

INFLUENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON MUSCLE FUNCTION AND INJURY RISK HANSEN, M.

AARHUS UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION

Most reproductive aged females are exposed to fluctuations in various endogenous hormones throughout the menstrual cycle. Early in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (the bleeding phase) both oestrogen and progesterone are low, oestrogen then rises during the late follicular phase and after ovulation both oestrogen and progesterone are elevated. These hormones, specifically oestrogen, have been suggested to influence muscle strength, but also injury risk.

METHODS:

This presentation will provide an overview of the current knowledge on variation in muscle function and injury risk over the menstrual cycle.

RESULTS:

Many women experience mental or physical negative symptoms in the last days of the cycle and the beginning of the cycle. In line with this, there is data indicating that performance is impaired in the early follicular phase. Still, there is no clear picture in regard to the influence of the hormonal fluctuations on muscle function and performance yet. This may relate to differences in design and methodological issues between the studies, but also the fact that the individual female athletes are differentially affected.

Knee joint laxity and the risk of sustaining a knee injury seems to be enhanced in the late follicular phase around ovulation where the estrogen level is peaking. This highlight the need for preventive exercises to lower the high risk of sustaining a knee injury in female compared to male athletes.

CONCLUSION:

There is a growing interest in clarifying the importance of hormonal fluctuations on female athletes performance and injury risk. However, previous research does not show a clear picture, which may be explained by methodological differences and limitations.

EFFECTS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON MUSCLE FUNCTION AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ADAPTATIONS JANSE-DE-JONGE, X., THOMPSON, B., SCULLEY, D.

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA INTRODUCTION

Oral contraceptives (OC) are often used in the general community and amongst female athletes. The most common OC is the combined monophasic OC, which keeps the concentration of both ethinyl estradiol and progestin constant throughout the 21 days of active pills. It is important to consider the different types of progestin in OC, which may have low or high levels of androgenicity. Androgenicity refers to the ability of the progestin to produce masculine characteristics. Oestrogen has been shown to have a positive effect on muscle function, so the administration of exogenous female hormones through OC use may also have effects.

This presentation will provide an overview of the current knowledge on the potential effects of OC on muscle performance, as well as the emerging research on adaptations to resistance training in females. Furthermore our recent study on the effect of the monophasic combined OC cycle with high and low androgenicity on various aspects of muscle function, as well as acute responses to a resistance training session, will be presented.

METHODS

Eighteen moderately active females (10 taking a high androgenicity OC and 8 taking a low androgenicity OC) aged 18–30 years were tested three times throughout the OC cycle. Testing occurred on day 4–7 (non–active phase), day 10–13 (early hormone phase) and day 19–23 (late hormone phase). Counter movement jumps (CMJ), bilateral hop jumps, handgrip strength, isometric knee extensor strength and isokinetic knee flexion and extension torque at 60◦/s and 240◦/s were assessed immediately prior to and after a leg resistance training session.

RESULTS

Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant changes over the OC cycle in both high and low androgenicity groups for any of the isometric and slow isokinetic strength measures. For the high androgenicity group, isokinetic knee flexion torque at 240◦/s was significantly higher in the late hormone phase compared with the early hormone phase. For the low androgenicitiy OC group, time of flight for the CMJ was higher in the early hormone phase compared with the late hormone phase.

For the responses to the training session most measures showed no significant changes over the OC cycle. However, in the high androgenicity OC group, isokinetic knee flexion at 240◦/s was significantly higher in the early hormone phase compared with the non-active pill phase and the late hormone phase.

CONCLUSION

The muscle function results suggest that the faster aspects may be influenced by exogenous female sex hormones in OC and that androgenicity seems to affect these results. For acute responses to a resistance training session, only the high androgenicity group showed a change over the OC cycle. Further OC research focussing on fast and explosive aspects of muscle function, as well as training adaptations and androgenicity is recommended.

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MUSCLE FUNCTION, RESISTANCE TRAINING ADAPTATIONS AND HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN POST- MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

SIPILA, S.

UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

INTRODUCTION: Women experience drastic hormonal changes during mid-life due to menopausal transition. These changes are known to lead to bone loss and potentially also to loss of muscle mass and physical performance. Hormone therapy (HT) and physical activity (PA) may counteract menopause-related decline. We investigated the associations between menopausal status and muscle mass and functional performance and roles of HT and PA on these factors in middle-aged women.

METHODS: In total, 1393 47-55-yr-old women were assigned to pre-, early peri-, late peri- and postmenopausal groups. Perimenopausal groups were followed up until postmenopausal. Fifteen 54-62-yr-old MZ twin pairs discordant for HT were recruited. In addition, 80 women aged 50-57 were randomly assigned to exercise (Ex), HT, exercise+HT (ExHRT) and control (Co). The exercise groups participated in a high-impact resistance training. HT or placebo was carried out double-blind. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was measured with DXA and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) with CT. Physical performance was measured with grip and knee extension (KE) force, vertical jumping height, maximal walking speed and 6min walking distance. PA was self-reported.

RESULTS: ALM declined across menopausal groups (p<.001). Premenopausal women had greater ALM than postmenopausal women (p<.001). Higher level of PA was associated with greater ALM in pre- (β=.171; p=.002), late peri- (β=.289; p<.001) and postmenopausal (β=.278; p<.001) women. Postmenopausal women had 12N lower grip force (p<.001) and 1.1 cm lower jumping height (p<.001) than premenopausal women. Peri- and postmenopausal women with high PA performed better in KE, 6min walking test, and jumping height than those with low PA. When perimenopausal women were followed up until postmenopausal, ALM declined by -1.2% (p<.001), muscle CSA by -0.8% (p=.021), grip force by -2% (p<.001), KE by -3% (p<.001) and jumping height by -2.6% (p<.001). A 2% (p<.001) increase in 6min walking distance was observed. A significant interaction of PA by time was observed in grip force (p<.001) and jumping height (p=.003), indicating a greater decline in the high PA group. HT users had faster walking speed (7%, p=.019), greater muscle power (16%, p=.023) and larger relative muscle CSA (8%, p=.047) than in their co-twins. When HT was incorporated into a 1-yr resistance training program, significant increase in knee extension torque (8.3%) and jumping height (17.2%) when compared with Co (-7.2%, p<.001) was observed. Jumping height increased also after HT alone (6.8%, p=.014). Muscle CSA increased significantly in the HT (6.3%) and ExHT (7.1%) groups when compared with the Co (0.7%, p<.001 for both comparisons).

CONCLUSION: Menopause status is associated with decline in muscle mass and physical performance. The beneficial effects of HT combined with physical training may exceed those of HT or exercise alone.

OP-BM11 AGEING AND BALANCE AND FALLS

MODULAR CONTROL OF MOTOR OUTPUT AS A LIMITING FACTOR FOR FALL-RESISTING SKILL LEARNING WERTH, J.1, SANTUZ, A.2,3, EPRO, G.1, KÖNIG, M.1, ARAMPATZIS, A.2, KARAMANIDIS, K.1

1 LONDON SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM; 2 HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN, GERMANY; 3 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY, CANADA

INTRODUCTION:

The human neuromotor system is constantly challenged by the natural environment to adopt robust motor control strategies for coping with perturbations and avoid falling (1). Since falls may result from a variety of postural threats, the ability to generalise previously learned responses to new challenges might be beneficial. Although rapid adaptability in the human balance control system to ‘perturbation training’ has been frequently reported, adaptations to stability control do not seem to necessarily transfer to an untrained motor task (2). In this study, we examined the modular organisation of the motor system in balance recovery responses during three different perturbation tasks to detect specific neuromotor factors facilitating or limiting generalizability of learning.

METHODS:

Forty young and middle-aged adults (range 20-52 yrs) were recruited either to an intervention group (eight separate sudden trip-like perturbations during treadmill walking at 1.4 m/s; N=29) or a control group (unperturbed walking; N=11). After treadmill walking, all participants were exposed to a sudden loss of balance from a forward-inclined position (lean-and-release; LRT) and an overground trip. A motion capture system (120 Hz; Qualisys, Gothenburg, Sweden) was used to obtain movement kinematics. The anteroposterior margin of stability (MoS) was determined as the difference between the anterior boundary of the base of support and the extrapolated centre of mass at foot touchdown (TD). In addition, muscle activity of 13 ipsilateral leg muscles was recorded for all three balance tasks using EMG (1080Hz;

Delsys, USA) and muscle synergies were extracted using non-negative matrix factorisation (1).

RESULTS:

After treadmill trip-perturbation training, the intervention group demonstrated an improved recovery response (increased MoS at TD of the first recovery step; P<0.05). Nevertheless, no superior recovery response was found during the LRT compared to age-matched controls.

Recovery performance from overground tripping was in contrast enhanced for the intervention group as indicated by greater MoS at TD of the first recovery step (P<0.05). The number of muscle synergies was five in both treadmill walking and LRT. However, the temporal and spatial components revealed profound differences in the timing and function of the muscles recruited to cope with the two types of perturbations.

CONCLUSION:

The findings reveal that adaptations to stability control from single session perturbation training are highly task-specific, with transfer of learning taking place only between different conditions of the same task, but not different tasks. The motor system uses different modular strategies to organise the recovery responses to tripping and sudden loss of balance. This suggests that the synergistic control of motor output is potentially regulating the generalisability of fall-resisting skills.

REFERENCES:

1. Santuz et al., Sci Reps, 2018 2. König et al., JNeurophysiol, 2019

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09:00 - 11:00

AGEING DOES NOT CHANGE THE CONTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE PROPRIOCEPTION IN THE SENSE OF FORCE HENRY, M., DUCHATEAU, J., BAUDRY, S.

UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES INTRODUCTION:

Ageing is accompanied by a decline in gross and fine motor skills that likely reflects alterations in the force control mechanisms (1). The proprioceptive system is an essential component of force control that undergoes structural and functional changes with ageing (2). This may lead to a decreased contribution of muscle proprioception in force control, as reported for postural control during upright standing (3). Therefore, the aim of this study was to seek if the contribution of proprioception in force control decreases with ageing. To this end, we assessed young and older adults on the sense of force (SF), which is part of conscious proprioception (4), with or without simultaneous mechanical tendon vibrations aimed at perturbing muscle proprioception, and thereby SF. We hypothesized that a lesser contribution of muscle proprioception in SF should reduce the perturbations due to the vibration.

METHODS:

Twenty young (28±6 yr) and 21 older (74±7 yr) healthy adults performed a SF test with the wrist flexors of the dominant arm. First, subjects learned to produce two levels of force [5 and 20% of the force developed during a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] with a visual feedback of the force signal. Then, subjects had to reproduce the same levels of force for 15s without visual feedback. Subjects performed 3 trials for each force level. Then, we used the same procedure with vibrations (80 Hz, 1-mm amplitude) applied over the wrist during trials without visual feedback. The SF score corresponded to the difference between the force produced without visual feedback and the target force in trials with (SF-VIB) and without (SF-CON) vibrations; a greater SF score indicates a worse SF.

RESULTS:

The SF-CON was similar between young and older adults at 5% (young: 2.7±2.0 N; older: 3.0±4.2 N, p=0.79) and 20% MVC (young: 0.9±4.6 N; older: 0.8±7.3 N, p=0.97). The SF-VIB was greater than SF-CON (p<0.001) at 5% MVC, regardless of age (young: 4.9±2.9 N; older: 7.0±5.9 N, p=0.16). However, at 20% MVC, the SF-VIB (-0.4±5.8 N) did not differ from SF-CON in young adults (p=0.44) whereas it was greater in older adults (6.4±10.7 N, p=0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Our results indicate that healthy ageing does not alter the SF for wrist flexors. The absence of a lesser vibration effect on SF in older adults rejects our hypothesis of a decreased contribution of muscle proprioception in the SF with ageing. However, the greater SF-VIB for 20%

MVC in older adults may indicate an age-related deficit in sensori-motor integration in response to proprioceptive perturbations (5).

References

1. Enoka et al. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2003;13:1-12 2. Shaffer & Harrison. Phys Ther 2007;87:193-207 3. Henry & Baudry. J Neurophysiol 2019;122:525-538 4. Riemann et al. J Athl 2002;37(1):71-79

5. Seidler et al. Neuro Bio Rev 2010;34:721-733

ESTIMATED VS. FORCE PLATE-DERIVED SIT-TO-STAND POWER IN OLDER PEOPLE.

BALTASAR-FERNÁNDEZ, I.1,2, RODRIGUEZ-LOPEZ, C.1,2, ALCAZAR, J.1,2, GARCIA-TERCERO, E.3, LOSA-REYNA, J.1,2,3, ARA, I.1,2, ALEGRE, L.M.1,2

1 GENUD TOLEDO RESEARCH GROUP, UNIVERSITY OF CASTILLA- LA MANCHA. 2 CIBER OF FRAILTY AND HEALTHY AGING . 3 HOSPITAL VIRGEN DEL VALLE, COMPLEJO HOSPITALARIO DE TOLEDO

INTRODUCTION:

Mechanical power has been demonstrated to be an essential concept in geriatrics due to its strong relation with functional outcomes (1).

In this sense, the 5-rep sit-to-stand (5-STS) power test has emerged as a valid, easy and inexpensive method to assess mechanical power in older people (2). However, this test has not been validated yet against power values measured during the STS task. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the validity the STS power test; and (ii) to assess its relationship with physical performance in older individuals.

METHODS:

Thirty-four older adults (17 women; 71.5±4.3 years old; BMI: 28.9±4.9 kg·m-2) participated in this study. Habitual (HGS) and maximal gait speed (MGS) and timed up and go (TUG) test were measured. The participants performed the 5-STS test over a force platform (Kistler, Switzerland). Mean concentric power during each STS repetition was calculated as the product of measured force and velocity (distance was calculated as the difference between leg length and chair height, and time was obtained from force plate-derived data). In addition, STS power was estimated using the previously validated equation (2). Paired t-tests and Pearson’s correlations were used in SPSS (SPSS Inc., EEUU).

RESULTS:

No significant differences were found between estimated and measured velocity (0.49±0.13 vs 0.51±0.12 m·s-1) and power (340.1±122.4 vs 329.0±111.7 W) values (both p>0.05). In contrast, force differed significantly between estimated and measured values (684.5±143.5 vs 641.9±136.7 N; p<0.05). In addition, significant large correlations were observed between estimated and measured values in terms of velocity (r = 0.91), force (r = 0.95) and power (r = 0.93) (all p<0.05). On the other hand, both estimated and measured mechanical power were associated to habitual gait speed (r = 0.47 vs. 0.35, respectively), maximal gait speed (r = 0.63 vs 0.53, respectively) and TUG time (r =

‒0.59 vs. ‒0.49, respectively) (all p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

No differences were found between estimated and force plate-derived STS power values in older people. In addition, estimated and measured STS power data were largely correlated. Finally, although both estimated and measured STS power were associated with physical performance, r values were found to be superior for estimated STS power.

REFERENCES:

1. Reid & Fielding, Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2012.

2. Alcazar et al., Exp Gerontol, 2018.

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CORTICOSPINAL CONTROL OF HUMAN LOCOMOTION: A NEW DETERMINANT OF AGE-RELATED SARCOPENIA?

GENNARO, F., MAINO, P., KAELIN-LANG, A., DE BOCK, K., DE BRUIN, E.D.

INSTITUTE OF HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCES AND SPORT, ETH ZURICH INTRODUCTION:

Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disorder officially recognized by the World Health Organization with a specific ICD-10 code (Falcon et al., 2017). Many operational definitions are present for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, although an international consensus is lacking. The need of improving the current state of the art for sarcopenia screening as well as unveiling possible underlying novel mechanisms have been recently suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Falcon et al., 2017). Mounting evidence hints towards changes in corticospinal communication, where corticomuscular coherence (CMC) can reflect an effective mechanism of corticospinal interaction.

Gait is a locomotor task driven by neural inputs directed to skeletal muscles (van Asseldonk et al., 2019) and CMC can be assessed during locomotion in an ecologically valid scenario by means of concurrent Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG) (Gennaro et al., 2018).

METHODS:

The aim of this study was to perform the screening of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults (n=198) and explore the possibility of using CMC measured during overground walking by means of EEG-EMG assessments to discriminate between sarcopenic (n=11) and non- sarcopenic individuals (n=11).

RESULTS:

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) showed high sensitivity, precision and accuracy of CMC assessed from the EEG sensor located over the vertex (Cz) and EMG sensors placed over Vastus Medialis muscle [Cz-VM; AUC (95.0%CI): 0.98 (0.92 – 1.04), sensitivity: 1.00, 1- specificity: 0.89, P < 0.001] and over Biceps Femoris muscle [Cz-BF; AUC (95.0%CI): 0.86 (0.68 – 1.03), sensitivity: 1.00, 1-specificity: 0.70, P

< 0.001]. Data Analysis with Bootstrapped Estimation of these muscles showed significant differences with large magnitude of effect between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic individuals [Hedges g (95.0%CI): 2.2 (1.3 – 3.1), p = 0.005 and Hedges g (95.0%CI): 1.5 (0.7 – 2.2), p = 0.010; respectively].

CONCLUSION:

This exploratory investigation shed a light on the role of corticospinal control of locomotion as possible new determinant underlie sarcopenia as well as a novel strategy to accurately distinguish between sarcopenic and not sarcopenic individuals. Moreover, CMC assessed during walking in an ecologically valid scenario might represent a potential strategy in clinical settings for future treatments aiming to counteract sarcopenia as well as to monitor the progression or the potential recovery following other treatment interventions targeting this age- related muscle disorder. To the best of our knowledge this is observed and reported for the first time.

Invited symposia

IS-AP10 MAXIMAL FAT OXIDATION: NEW METHODOLOGY, INSIGHT AND PERFORMANCE

RELATIONSHIPS

MAXIMAL CAPACITY FOR FAT OXIDATION DURING EXERCISE: HISTORICAL CONTEXT, NEW METHODS, AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH PERFORMANCE

WALLIS, G.

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM

The term Maximal Fat Oxidation (MFO) is commonly used to describe an individual’s peak rate of fat oxidation as estimated by indirect calorimetry during an incremental exercise test. Paramount to the determination of MFO is the validity of indirect calorimetry across a wide range of exercise intensities, particularly when incremental exercise test stages are short in duration. When MFO has been assessed, it seems clear that considerable inter-individual variability exists; in cross-sectional studies of healthy individuals MFO can range from <0.2 g/min to >1.0 g/min. Aerobic capacity, self-reported physical activity level, biological sex and self-selected dietary carbohydrate and fat intake account for almost 48% of the observed inter-individual variability in MFO (Fletcher et al, Am J Clin Nutr 105(4):864-72, 2017). A high MFO reflective of a high capacity to utilize fat as fuel during exercise has in some instances been related to prolonged endurance exercise performance. Whether this is associative or causal remains to be determined, but developing a high capacity to utilize both fats and carbo- hydrates as energy substrates would seem most effective for endurance performance optimization. This presentation will address historical and contemporary developments around MFO and will be of broad interest - including for those working in exercise physiology, metabolism and nutrition – providing stimulating new information for scientists and practitioners alike.

13C-BREATH RATIO AND LC-IRMS FOR MEASUREMENT OF FAT OXIDATION TO VO2MAX: A NEW METHOD FOR COMPETI- TION INTENSITIES

ROWLANDS, D.S.

MASSEY UNIVERSITY

Historic studies using indirect calorimetry (IC) and the large body of literature utilising the Fatmax test have contributed to the current paradigm that fat oxidation reaches a maximum of no more than about 65%VO2max or the blood lactate threshold. However, limited intensity resolution and extended assumptions relating to HCO3-/CO2 pool stability places in question the fat oxidation rates using IC in nearly all published incremental tests. Meanwhile, elite athletes actively train long to raise skeletal-muscle oxidative capacity and fat oxidation to spare glycogen - an important mechanistic determinant of performance; and in vogue, is high-intensity exercise to promote fitness and fat metabolism. Therefore, a valid and reliable assay of fat oxidation within the competitive exercise intensity range (>80%VO2max) is required.

To build such and assay, we used the breath 13C ratio (RATIO) approach, that is independent of VCO2 and acid-base issues. The protocol comprised a glycogen depletion-repletion protocol using 13C-enriched dietary carbohydrate, incremental exercise, and determination of

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09:00 - 11:00

substrate utilisation from fat (13C background) and 13C-enriched skeletal muscle glycogen determined by liquid chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

In the first two studies, 10 trained men completed a 60-min incremental step protocol to resolve Fatmax rate and intensity. 13C-enriched skeletal muscle glycogen content was manipulated by carbohydrate intake within the repletion period via high (2xHI, % energy: carbohydrate 69, fat 18, protein 13) and low (LO: 18, 62, 13) carbohydrate diets. 60-h later, participants were biopsied (V. lateralis) before complet- ing an incremental ramp test (%peak power output/min: 50%/20, 62.5%/15, 72.5%/10, 77.5%/5, 82.5%/5, 87.5%/5). Muscle 13C-glycogen (CV 7.7%) was mean d13C ‰ (SD) -15.1 (1.4), -14.7 (1.2), -20.0 (2.3), while [glycogen] (µmol/mg dry) was 90 (41), 94 (81), 46 (41) for the two HI and LO trials. Fatmax with RATIO under LO was 1.73 g/min (0.26) at 93 %VO2max (10) compared with HI at 0.91 g/min (SD 0.23; HI- HI CV 14%) at 91 %VO2max (6.4). Similarly, Fatmax with IC in LO was 0.83 g/min (SD 0.21; HI-HI CV 76%) at 76 %VO2max (7.9) compared with HI at 0.38 g/min (0.18) at 71 %VO2max (8.3). Between LO-HI diets, RATIO revealed a greater difference in Fatmax rate (0.83 g/min;

95%CI 0.65–1.0) vs IC (0.46 g/min; 0.31–0.60), but Fatmax intensity was not changed by diet: RATIO 4.0 %VO2max (-2.5–11), IC 6.6

%VO2max (-0.1–13). In a confirmatory study, minute 13C-breath sampling and 10-min stage duration confirmed fat oxidation increases to plateau from 75% VO2max to ~100% VO2max.

The new RATIO method has acceptable reliability and revealed a fat oxidation rate plateau during intense exercise that is plastic diet. These findings refresh and challenge exercise metabolism paradigms for fat oxidation that may have implications in understanding energy provi- sion within competitive sport and health.

WHOLE BODY AND SKELETAL MUSCLE MAXIMAL FAT OXIDATION: BIOCHEMICAL THEORIES AND EVIDENCE HELGE, J.

UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN

Endurance training promotes an upward and rightward shift of the fat oxidation during exercise across increasing relative exercise intensities and this is generally believed to potentiate longer duration endurance performance, through a relatively lower muscle glycogen utiliza- tion. In line with this major focus has over the last decade been specifically directed towards measuring maximal fat oxidation and understanding how and if maximal fat oxidation is linked to endurance performance. In studies of very trained people and elite athletes the Fatmax, the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation, usually falls in the range of [60-70] % of VO2max, and this is clearly well below the exercise intensity at which endurance athletes compete. One of the key questions is thus how muscle fat oxidative capacity and whole body maximal fat oxidation are coupled and how this interplay influences exercise performance. This talk will focus on the biochemical theories and practical evidence that are key to the regulation of muscle and whole body fat oxidation.

OP-SH08 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION / SOCIOLOGY GENDER

NEGOTIATING AUTHENTICITY - A STUDY OF YOUNG EQUESTRIANS AND SOCIAL MEDIA BROMS, L.

EDUCATION AND SOCIETY

Social Networking Sites (SNS) as for example Facebook (FB) has become a great part of everyday life of contemporary teens (Boyd, 2014).

Research show that frequent FB users compare themselves to the perfect personas constructed on SNS which leads to a belief that other users are more successful than themselves even in their offline-lives (Vogel et al, 2014). Media studies show that there is a strong negative correlation between media coverage and a high proportion of female athletes. A likely explanation for the low coverage of equestrian sport is evidently that a majority of the riders are girls and women. Yet, new media habits in the era of digitalization, challenge our previous experiences of who and what is covered on SNS in relation to equestrian sports (Dashper, 2017).

In order to understand how online communication affects different groups in society, it is important to assemble information about online culture(s). Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze young riders’ use of SNS in relation to their everyday life around the horse, so as to identify cyber culture(s) connected to equestrian sport.

To understand young riders relations to SNS, Erving Goffmans theory impression management and the concepts Face-to-Face and Persona- to-Persona will be used (Goffman, 1959). The concept of authenticity and Judith Butlers theory regarding gender performativity (Butler, 1988) is used as a lens to analyze cultures emerging among riders on SNS. The empirical data has been collected through six focus group interviews at two Swedish equestrian centers. The population consist of 25 students (15 to 18 years).

This study shows that the image of the perfect equestrian life on SNS is governed by profiles using impression management, which ulti- mately leads to stress and anxiety among adolescents. Ideal images of super boys and girls in the cyber stable are created on SNS. The findings also show that the adolescents’ relationship to SNS is complex. They admire- and compare themselves to riders who seem to be perfect athletes, at the same time they long to see a more authentic image of everyday life on SNS. It seems like the young equestrians are negotiating the concept of authenticity, constantly searching for content which break cultural barriers and challenge the idea of the perfect rider. Furthermore, they are negotiating gender constructions presented on SNS and question the ideal images of super girls and boys.

Boyd D (2014) It’s complicated : the social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press

Butler J (1988) Performance Acts and Gender Construction: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. Theatre Journal 40(4)519-53 Dashper K (2017) Human-Animal Relationships in Equestrian Sport and Leisure. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge

Goffman E (1959: 2014) Jaget och maskerna. Malmö:Studentlitteratur

Vogel EA, Rose JP, Roberts LR, Eckles K (2014) Social Comparison, Social Media, and Self-Esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture 3(4)206-222

PROMOTION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY-RELATED HEALTH COMPETENCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION – RESULTS OF THE CLUS- TER-RANDOMIZED GEKOS STUDY

VOLK, C.1, HAIBLE, S.1, DEMETRIOU, Y.2, KRUSTRUP, P.3, THIEL, A.1, TRAUTWEIN, U.1, HÖNER, O.1, SUDECK, G.1

1 UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY, 2 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH, GERMANY, 3 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK, DEN- MARK

INTRODUCTION

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The promotion of students’ knowledge, skills and motivation to initiate and maintain a physically active lifestyle is a central goal of Physical Education (PE) in many countries (e.g., SHAPE, 2014). Physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO, Sudeck and Pfeifer, 2016) encompasses knowledge, attitudes, skills and competences which empower students to be physically active in a health-enhancing way.

However, there is a lack of studies which investigate whether PAHCO can be promoted in PE. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of two six week PE intervention programs for ninth graders on PAHCO compared to regular PE classes. Both PE intervention programs targeted health and physical fitness issues, combined practical as well as theoretical elements, and differed only in the type of physical activity (running and jumping respectively small-sided ball games) students had to perform.

METHODS

In total, 48 PE classes were randomly allocated to four different study groups: IG-run, CG-run, IG-game play and CG-game play. Altogether 841 ninth graders from secondary schools were tested pre-intervention, post-intervention and after 8-12 weeks follow-up. Students had to complete a health-related fitness knowledge test, as well as questionnaires on control competence for physical training, interest in physical fitness and health, and attitudes towards health effects of physical activity. Further, they participated in health-related physical fitness tests (Shuttle Run, standing long jump, sit-ups, push-ups). Differences in PAHCO between IG and CG at the post-test and follow-up were analysed considering nested data after adjusting for pre-test data with linear regression models.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Health-related fitness knowledge, control-competence for physical training and students’ endurance was significantly higher at post-test in the IG than in the CG (p < .05). Also, health-related fitness knowledge maintained at a higher level at follow-up within the IG compared to the CG (p < .05). Further analyses considering the impact of physical activity type, students’ gender and students’ interest in running and small-sided ball games will provide insights into differential effects of the intervention programs. In addition, results from the process analyses (e.g., monitoring of intervention delivery and intervention receipt) will be used for the interpretation of the final study results.

REFERENCES

Society of Health and Physical Educators (2014).

Sudeck, G., & Pfeifer, K. (2016). Ger J Exerc Sport Res, 46(2): 74-87.

HABITUAL FUSION: IDENTIFICATION OF INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN ADOLESCENT AND PARENTAL HEALTH GOALS TO IN- CREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH POOR HEALTH BEHAVIOR.

BAUMANN, H., MEIXNER, C., WOLLESEN, B.

UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Introduction:

The prevalence of insufficient physical activity is rising consistently among adolescents (Abarca-Gómez et al., 2017). There is evidence that family health goalsetting increases the motivation of young people to improve their health behavior (Brown et al., 2016). As parental and adolescent health interests diverge (Colineau & Paris, 2011), this study focuses on identifying intersections of interests to increase physical activity levels in adolescents.

Methods:

A mixed-method approach has been applied. Qualitative sub-studies aimed at identifying family health goals, which is why N=60 parents ( ��=25, ��=35) participated in guideline interviews, and N=120 adolescents ( ��=60, ��=60) were interviewed in focus groups. The inter- view results were then evaluated with content analysis in MAXQDA. In the quantitative sub-study, N=1008 families were interviewed about their interest in the identified family health goals and their health behavior within a nationwide online survey. In a final step, the survey data was evaluated in SPSS using factor- and regression analysis.

Results:

In order to reduce the dimensions of family-health-goal-variables, both Bartlett test (χ²(435)=6267.828, p<.001) and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (KMO=.879) indicated suitability for factor analysis, whereupon a 7-factor solution with 49% explained variance was adopted.

Consequently, the initial variables were reduced to the factors nutrition, mindfulness, renunciation, organized activities, resilience, nature, and physical activity, whereby the factor accumulation of all family members showed that only the latter three factors represent a collec- tive intersection. They were combined with the subjects health-behavior-index and integrated into a multiple regression model (F(3,956)=17,156, p<.001, Adj. R2=.051), which indicated that resilience (t=-.334, p<.001), physical activity (t=(-5,647, p=.001) and nature (t=-3,035, p=.002) are significant negative predictors of health behavior.

Discussion:

The results suggest that habitual fusion of family health goals is most likely within the dimensions of resilience, physical activity, and nature. The poorer the health behavior of families, the more likely they are to be interested in these factors. Even though this is an exploratory study, interventions that promote resilience of family members through collaborative outdoor activities could implicitly contribute to increasing physical activity among adolescents with poor health behavior.

References:

Abarca-Gómez, L., et al. (2017). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2627–2642.

Brown, H., et al. (2016). Family-based interventions to increase physical activity in children. Obesity Reviews, 17(4), 345–360.

Colineau, N., et al. (2011). Motivating reflection about health within the family: the use of goal setting and tailored feedback. User Model- ing and User-Adapted Interaction, 21(4-5), 341-376.

TACKLING CHILDREN’S PHYSICAL INACTIVITY IN LOW SOCIOECONOMIC AREAS WITH ALTERNATIVE SPORTS PROGRAMS.

A BIOECOLOGICAL APPROACH.

HÖGMAN, J., AUGUSTSSON, C., HEDSTRÖM, P.

FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Introduction

Alternative sports programs, providing activities beyond the conventional sport environments has been frequently utilized to reach inactive children, not at least in areas of low socioeconomic status. However, they have not been satisfactory examined whether they constitute constructive developmental environments from the perspective of the child. We suggest that programs need to be examined as a part of the ecological landscapes of childrens everyday life.

Methods

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11:00 - 13:00

In order to grasp the complexity of physical activity behavior in children’s daily lives we applied a bioecological perspective [1,2]. Physically active and inactive children in two rural and two suburban areas (n=63, ages 8-13) participated in 15 focus-group interviews. Inactive children (n=19) also participated in five separate focus-group interviews. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis informed by bioecological theory emphasizing interactions with the multidimensional environment.

Results

Findings reveal that the landscape in which children engage in daily PA consists of interconnected relations within the children’s microsys- tems such as peer relations, child–adult relations, and child–environment relations and how these interact with both children’s personal characteristics and factors at the mesolevel, exolevel, and macrolevel. This multileveled ecological landscape creates possibilities as well as barriers for children to engage in PA-related proximal processes. The everyday settings, such as organized activities provided by alternative sport programs, was considered as non-relevant to inactive children since participation in activities was not supported on all ecological levels. For instance, on a sociocultural level, the environments in which children were supposed to be physically active was marked by a conventional sports norm based on ideas that ‘real’ PA is the kind performed within organized sports.

Discussion

Applying the holistic perspective of bioecological theory makes visible that participation in alternative sports program activities requires supporting ecological landscapes. In order to increase physical activity levels among inactive children, programs need to be designed to fit the ecological landscapes of, not only active children, but inactive children as well. This may be achieved if social institutions cooperate and reflect on the movement cultures prevailing in these respective areas. For instance, they must accept that physical activities that inactive children may interact with might be different from the conventional ones.

1. Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

2. Vélez-Agosto, N. M., Soto-Crespo, J. G., Vizcarrondo-Oppenheimer, M., Vega-Molina, S., & García Coll, C. (2017). Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory Revision: Moving Culture From the Macro Into the Micro. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 900–910

11:00 - 13:00

OP-PN10 GENOMICS/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

DOES STRESSED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY ACTIVATE THE BRAIN DOPAMINE SYSTEM? A STUDY USING HPLC AND IM- MUCYTOCHEMICAL ΔFOSB EXPRESSION ANALYSES

HIRAGA, T., KOJIMA, T., LEE, M.C., OKAMOTO, M., SOYA, H.

UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA INTRODUCTION:

Physical inactivity is a global health issue and increasing motivation for exercise habits is required. Although the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is involved in motivation, it is unclear how exercise can efficiently activate dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, which are projected from the ventral tegmental area（VTA）to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We reported that voluntary resistance wheel running with a load of 30% body weight (RW), which produces shorter running distances but higher work levels compared to wheel running without a load (W), enhanced muscular fitness and hippocampal memory functions [1]. This led us to postulate that rodents will try to run even during hard trials, thus maintaining exercise benefits to the hippocampus, probably due to activated DAergic neurons projected to the PFC. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether 4 weeks of RW would activate DAergic neurons in the VTA and increase their activity in the PFC using immunohistochemistry to examine ΔFosB expression in the VTA, a marker of neuronal activation, and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis for DA metabolism in the PFC.

METHODS:

Ten-week-old Wistar male rats were used. Rats were assigned to a sedentary group (Sed), a wheel-running group without load (W), or a wheel-running group with a load corresponding to 30% of body weight (LW) for 4 weeks. Dopamine turnover rate (DOPAC/DA), a reliable indication of DA action, was assessed in the PFC dissected from the postmortem rat brain using HPLC. The activity of DAergic neurons was evaluated based on the number of double positive cells with TH (tyrosine hydroxylase, a DA marker) and ΔFosB (a marker for longer-term neuronal activation state) in the VTA using an immunohistochemical technique.

RESULTS:

Average work levels over the 4 weeks were significantly higher for the LW group than for the W group. The dopamine turnover rate was significantly increased in the LW group compared to the Sed group. The number of TH- and ΔFosB-positive cells in the VTA (activated DAergic cells) were higher in both the W and LW groups, although there was no significant difference between the two groups. Significant muscular hypertrophy was observed only in the LW group. There was significant correlation (r=0.89) between work levels (running distance) and the number of FosB- and TH-positive cells.

CONCLUSION:

These results show a greater work levels and higher DAergic neuronal activation with LW, suggesting for the first time that resistance exercise can activate brain DAergic neurons. This implies that challenging exercise with a limited load stimulates the brain DA system, which may enhance motivation for physical activity.

REFERENCES:

1. Lee MC and Soya H et al.: Voluntary resistance running with short distance enhances spatial memory related to hippocampal BDNF signaling. J Appl Physiol, 113: 1260-1266, 2012.

MIR-29A, A NEW PLASMA BIOMARKER IN EXERCISE

FERNANDEZ-SANJURJO, M., CARAVIA, X.M., ROIZ-VALLE, D., TOMAS-ZAPICO, C., DIAZ-MARTINEZ, A.E., FREIJE, J.M.P., DAVA- LOS, A., FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, B., IGLESIAS-GUTIERREZ, E.

UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO INTRODUCTION:

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, conserved between species. They can be found intracellularly, controlling gene expression, or circulating in biological fluids, as plasma, creating a crosstalk between tissues (1). miR-29 is a main regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue (2). It also shows a clear interaction with PGC1-α (3) in cardiac muscle, regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity. This highlights the potential role of miR-29 in the response to exercise. Several circulating miRNAs have been described to respond to acute exercise and training (4). However, the exercise response and the performance role of c-miR-29 was not studied. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of c-miR-29 as new biomarker in exercise.

METHODS:

Plasma samples were collected in fasted conditions from 30 young males: 10 sedentary (HSED), and 20 elite athletes (10 weightlifters ,HRES, and 10 long-distance athletes ,HEND). We had also taken basal plasma samples from 18 C57BL/6N mice, divided into three groups:

sedentary (MSED), endurance training on a treadmill (MEND), and resistance training on a vertical ladder (MRES). The training design was 2 weeks of adaptation and 4 weeks of training, 5 days/week. Every session had fixed volumes, 1000m in MEND and 260mJ in MRES, but varying intensity. mir-29a expression was measured in plasma samples by qPCR. Raw data was pretreated by 2^(-ddct) method using exogenous miRNAs to normalize. One factor ANOVA was carried out to compare between groups. In order to analyze the role of miR-29 on performance, 8 C57BL6 knockout miR-29a/b1−/− mice (KO) and 8 wild type (WT) were used. Endurance and resistance maximal performance were tested by a treadmill ramp test protocol and a 10 repetition-maximum test, respectively. T-test for independent samples was used to compare exercise performance between KO and WT.

RESULTS:

Our results described an increment of c-miR-29a-3p in HRES and HEND vs. HSED (Fold Change +1). The same case was observed in mice, trained mice had higher level of c-miR-29a-3p compared with MSED (P<0.05). About performance, KO had a 50% lower performance in resistance test (P<0.01) and a 23% lower in endurance test (P<0.05) than WT.

CONCLUSION:

Based on data from Caravia et al.(3) and matched with mir-29a-3p validated targets(Tarbase), fatty acid metabolism pathway is clearly modified in KO: target genes were overexpressed and body fat was significantly lower than in WT (2,3). Taking into account these facts, exercise performance could be modified due to the fact that fat was not the main fuel for peak test performance.

All in all, mir-29a-3p can be proposed as a new exercise plasma biomarker and as a main determinant of fatty acid metabolism in exercise.

1.Wang J, et al., J Cell Physiol,2016,231(1):25-30 2.Massart J, et al., Diabetes,2017; 66:1807-1818.

3.Caravia XM, et al., Plos Biol., 2018; 16 (10), e2006247.

4. Fernandez-Sanjurjo M, et al., Exerc Sport Sci Rev.,2018; 46(3):160-171.

INFLUENCE OF FTO RS9939609 POLYMORPHISM ON APPETITE SENSATION AND ENERGETIC BALANCE IN YOUNG ADULTS.

CORRAL-PÉREZ, J., MARTÍNEZ-ÁVILA, A., VELAZQUEZ-DIAZ, D., OPAZO-DIAZ, E., PEREZ-BEY, A., MONTES-DE-OCA-GARCÍA, A., REBOLLO-RAMOS, M., SANTIAGO, C., GÓMEZ-GALLEGO, F., CASALS, C., PONCE-GONZÁLEZ, J.G.

UNIVERSIDAD DE CÁDIZ INTRODUCTION:

Single nucleotide polymorphism, rs9939609, within the FTO gene has been consistently associated with obesity by influencing food intake and impairing satiety in multiple populations. However, it has not been extensively studied whether exercise could play a role in the association between genetic variation in FTO and appetite. Therefore, our aim was to examine the association between FTO alleles and appetite before and after doing exercise which has been previously stablished as an appetite modulator. Additionally, we investigate whether energetic balance and body composition are influenced by FTO polymorphism.

METHODS:

Seventy-four young adults (28 females) were recruited for this study (22.6±4.2 yrs). Genotyping of the FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphisms (i.e. AA, AT, and TT) was performed by predesigned Life Technologies TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays (rs9939609, PCR). Visual analog scales were used for appetite sensations before and after an incremental exercise protocol until exhaustion. The energetic balance was calculated by the difference between daily energy intake and energy consumption. Daily energy intake was measured with a 7-day dietary record. Daily energy consumption was the sum of resting metabolic rate measured with a resting indirect calorimetry plus physical activity energy expenditure assessed using accelerometers which participants wore at the lower back during the same 7 consecutive days as the dietary record. Body composition was assessed through bioelectric impedance analysis in a fasted state. Due to the low numbers of AA homozygotes, the genotype was analysed with the use of the dominant-allele model, with A-allele being dominant (AA+AT vs TT). Differ- ences between alleles were examined with analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s correction.

RESULTS:

The genetic frequencies of our sample were AA+AT (63.5%) and TT (36.5%). No significant differences were found between A and T neither in anthropometric measures such as BMI (25.5±4.7 vs 26.3±7.0, p=0.5) or fat percentage (22.1±9.2 vs 25.1±,10.8 p=0.2) nor appetite sensation before the incremental exercise protocol. The post-exercise sensations of hunger were significantly higher in TT than AA+AT participants (4.9±2.9 vs 3.3±2.5, p<0.02). Participants with the TT genotype had higher values of positive energetic imbalance (645.8±1333.7 kcals/day) than those with A allele (118.2±697.2 kcals/day) with significant differences (p<0.05). that remains after adjusting by fat and age.

CONCLUSION:

FTO polymorphism may exert an influence on appetite post-exercise, increasing the levels of hunger in the TT group. These results are consistent with previous studies and may suggest that TT people are more prompt to overeat after exercising and this could also explain the difference in energetic balance between alleles. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the effect of the FTO gene on appetite and body composition after a follow-up period.

Sporty summer and lazy winter? PA of youth from a seasonal perspective.

B O O K O F A B S T R A C T S

Editors:

Dela, F., Müller, E., Tsolakidis, E.

25

Annual Congress of the

EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE

28

- 30

October 2020

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Edited by:

Dela, F., Müller E., Tsolakidis, E.

ISBN 978-3-9818414-3-5

Organisation

Welcome

Table of Contents

Live Sessions: Wednesday, October 28, 2020

09:00 - 11:00

IS-PN03 MUSCLE FUNCTION AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ADAPTATIONS IN FEMALES

THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN

OP-BM11 AGEING AND BALANCE AND FALLS

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IS-AP10 MAXIMAL FAT OXIDATION: NEW METHODOLOGY, INSIGHT AND PERFORMANCE

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OP-SH08 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION / SOCIOLOGY GENDER

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OP-PN10 GENOMICS/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY