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HAL Id: hal-02087344

https://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-02087344

Submitted on 2 Apr 2019

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

To cite this version:

Chendra Kichenin. Parole d’avocat et Vertu. Colloque international ”Thirukkural, éthique et représen- tations : La Vertu, la Fortune et l’Amour”, Université de La Réunion; INALCO, Apr 2016, Saint Denis, La Réunion. pp.80–83. �hal-02087344�

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