• Aucun résultat trouvé

Études géophysiques dans le lac Léman: interprétation géologique

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "Études géophysiques dans le lac Léman: interprétation géologique"

Copied!
24
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

Article

Reference

Études géophysiques dans le lac Léman: interprétation géologique

SERRUYA, Colette, LEENHARDT, Olivier, LOMBARD, Augustin

SERRUYA, Colette, LEENHARDT, Olivier, LOMBARD, Augustin. Études géophysiques dans le lac Léman: interprétation géologique. Archives des Sciences, 1966, vol. 19, no. 2, p. 179-196

DOI : 10.5169/SEALS-739329

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:138078

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

(2)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1 ,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

3$5

& 6(558<$ 2

/((1+$5'7

HW $XJ

/20%$5'

Š

,1752'8&7,21

'DQV OH FDGUH GH OpWXGH GH OD VpGLPHQWDWLRQ GX /pPDQ & 6HUUX\D D HQWUHSULV

GXWLOLVHU

OHV PpWKRGHV GX VRQGDJH VLVPLTXH FRQWLQX SRXU UHFRQQDvWUH OD QDWXUH GHV VpGLPHQWV TXL UHFRXYUHQW OH WUpIRQGV URFKHX[ /D FROODERUDWLRQ GX /DERUDWRLUH GH

*pRG\QDPLTXH GH OD 6RUERQQH HW GX 0XVpH 2FpDQRJUDSKLTXH GH 0RQDFR D SHUPLV

GDERUG

XQH UHFRQQDLVVDQFH DX VRQGHXU GH YDVH

$:

3H+HUDRUM GpEXW DYULO

/HV VHUYLFHV GH OD &RPSDJQLH *pQpUDOH GH *pRSK\VLTXH &** RQW pWp HPSOR\pV SRXU OH VRQGDJH VLVPLTXH FRQWLQX !6ZFHU- ILQ DYULO / /H VRQGHXU GH YDVH GH

0RQDFR D pWp XWLOLVp DXVVL SHQGDQW FHWWH FDPSDJQH /H IRQFWLRQQHPHQW VLPXOWDQp GHV GHX[ DSSDUHLOV QH SUpVHQWH SDV GLQFRQYpQLHQW WHFKQLTXH HW OHXUV UpVXOWDWV VH

FRPSOqWHQW ELHQ

*UkFH DX 5HVHDUFK &RPPLWWHH GH OD

1DWLRQDO

*HRJUDSKLF 6RFLHW\ OH 0XVpH 2FpDQR JUDSKLTXH GH 0RQDFR D GLVSRVp HQVXLWH GXQ DSSDUHLOODJH GH VRQGDJH VLVPLTXH FRQWLQX SOXV SHUIHFWLRQQp HW WUDQVSRUWDEOH 2

/HHQKDUGW

OpWXGH D pWp UHSULVH j ODLGH GX 3RRZHU - HW GX VRQGHXU GH YDVH HQ QRYHPEUHGpFHPEUH

&H VRQW OHV UpVXOWDWV GH FHV WURLV FDPSDJQHV TXH QRXV SUpVHQWRQV LFL ILJ

2 /HHQKDUGW LQJpQLHXU JpRSK\VLFLHQ D DVVXUp OH IRQFWLRQQHPHQW RSWLPXP GX PDWpULHO GDQV OH PLOLHX ODFXVWUH

2 /HHQKDUGWHW & 6HUUX\D RQW SRXUYX j ORUJDQLVDWLRQ PDWpULHOOHGHV FDPSDJQHV HW GpSRXLOOp OHV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV

& 6HUUX\D JpRORJXH D HIIHFWXp

OLQWHUSUpWDWLRQ

JpRORJLTXH GHV GRQQpHV JpR SK\VLTXHV

$ /RPEDUG SURIHVVHXU j

O8QLYHUVLWp

GH *HQqYH D GLVFXWp HW FRPSOpWp OHV K\SRWKqVHV SURSRVpHV HW D GLULJp OD UpGDFWLRQ GX SUpVHQW WUDYDLO

/HV WURLV FDPSDJQHV RQW GXUp HQYLURQ VL[ VHPDLQHV /H

WUDYDLO

GH GpSRXLOOHPHQW HW GLQWHUSUpWDWLRQ D RFFXSp SOXVLHXUV PRLV

&HQWUH GH 5HFKHUFKHV *pRG\QDPLTXHV 7KRQRQ

0XVpH 2FpDQRJUDSKLTXH 0RQDFR

V ,QVWLWXW GH *pRORJLH GH O8QLYHUVLWp GH *HQqYH

&UpGLW VSpFLDO GX &HQWUH 1DWLRQDO GH OD 5HFKHUFKH 6FLHQWLILTXH

(3)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

,

$33$5(,/6 (7 0e7+2'(6

$ /HV

DSSDUHLOV HW OHXU

PLVH HQ °XYUH

N+] GpERUGp VXU OH IODQF

GX

QDYLUH

K\GURSKRQH 03 HW 6KDUNHU - WUDvQpV j P GHUULqUH OH QDYLUH DYHF HQUHJLVWUHXU

$OSLQH

j EDOD\DJH GH PV VDQV

SURJUDPPH

5RRPHU - j

SUR[LPLWp

LPPpGLDWH GX QDYLUH K\GURSKRQH

+603

j P HQYLURQ GHUULqUHOH QDYLUH DYHF HQUHJLVWUHXU (*

HW * j EDOD\DJH YDULDEOH HW SURJUDPPH ILOWUHV +]

VXFFHVVLYHPHQW OH 0RwVH GX &HQWUH *pRG\QDPLTXH GH 7KRQRQ

SRXU

OH VRQGHXU GH YDVH VHXO OH &$D:D]M GH OD

&*1

SRXU OH 5SDUNHU XQ FKDODQG UHPRUTXp SDU XQH YHGHWWH GH

O,15$ SRXU

OH 5RRPHU

GH j Q°XGV VHORQ OHV FRQGLWLRQV GH

EUXLW

HW GH QDYLJDWLRQ

j OHVWLPH DYHF OH 0RwVH DYHF GHX[ WRSRJUDSKHV j WHUUH HQVXLWH

/D

WRSRJUDSKLH VDQV rWUH WUqV SUpFLVH HVW FRKpUHQWH *UkFH j OD

*HQGDUPHULH 1DWLRQDOH GHV SRVWHV

$1*5&

RQW

SHUPLV OHV OLDLVRQV WRSRJUDSKLTXHV /HV URXWHV HIIHFWXpHV VRQW UHSRUWpHV VXU OH SODQ GH SRVLWLRQ JpQpUDO ILJ

%

0pWKRGHV

/HV PpWKRGHV HW OHV FDUDFWqUHV WHFKQLTXHV GHV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV RQW pWp GpFULWV SUpFpGHPPHQW 3

&URX]HW

D HW 2

/HHQKDUGW

1RXV QH IHURQV TXH UDSSHOHU OHV SULQFLSHV JpQpUDX[ GHV PpWKRGHV HPSOR\pHV HW FHUWDLQHV FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV QpFHVVDLUHV j OD FRPSUpKHQVLRQ GH ODQDO\VH GHV HQUHJLVWUH PHQWV

5RQGHXU " YDVH

D

3ULQFLSH GX IRQFWLRQQHPHQW © OD GpFKDUJH GXQH FDSDFLWp GDQV XQ

FLUFXLW

FRQWHQDQW XQH VHOI ERELQH HW XQH FDSDFLWp WUDQVGXFWHXU

IDLW

RVFLOOHU FH

FLUFXLW

j XQH IUpTXHQFH SUpIpUHQWLHOOH

,O

VHQVXLW TXH OH WUDQVGXFWHXU HQ UpJLPH IRUFp pPHW XQ

WUDLQ

GRQGHV pODVWLTXHV &HOOHVFL VRQW UpIOpFKLHV SDU OHV GLVFRQWLQXLWpV SK\VLTXHV GX

IRQG

HW GX WUpIRQGV UHoXHV SDU OH PrPH WUDQVGXFWHXU DPSOLILpHV HW HQUHJLVWUpHV ª

2

/HHQKDUGW

6:]GHZU GH UDVH

6WDUNHU

5RRPHU

$DYUHV

)]<H\MH E"RJUDM"wH

(4)

9,//$56 6286<(16

_W 3pOHULUY

$8%211(

5,9$=

635(;

$(9(<

0(,//(5,(

(9,$1

6*,1*2/3+

+2121

<92,5(

0(66(5<

*(1(9(

1<g1

&pOLJQ\

025*(6 V

/$86$11(

‡Y38&+< 38//<

$//$0$1

!%DOODLVRQ

&8//<

&RXUEHV EDWK\PpWULTXHV

7UDMHWV GH QDYLJDWLRQ SHQGDQW OD FDPSDJQH GH 6SDUNHU HW GH VRQGHXU j YDVH DYULO 7UDMHWV GH QDYLJDWLRQ SHQGDQW OD FDPSDJQH

%RRPHU HW GH VRQGHXU j YDVH QRYHPEUHHWGpFHPEUH

&+$7(/ 6W '(1,6

&DGUH JpRJUDSKLTXH ORFDOLVDWLRQ GHV WUDMHWV GHQDYLJDWLRQ GHVFDPSDJQHV GHVRQGDJH VLVPLTXH FRQWLQX $ % GLUHFWLRQ GHOD FRXSH JpRORJLTXHGHOD ILJXUH FRWH PR\HQQH GXSODQ GHDX

GX/pPDQ P

(5)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

K

3DU IDLEOH SURIRQGHXU OHV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV VRQW QHWV /RUVTXH OD SURIRQGHXU GHDX H[FqGH P XQ IRQG

SODW

VLQVFULW HQ XQH OLJQH LUUpJXOLqUH DYHF OHQUHJLV WUHXU

GX $Z- 3HQHUDWXU FHFL HVW G€ DX

IDLW

TXH OH PRWHXU V\QFKURQH GH OHQ UHJLVWUHXU

QHVW SDV FRQWU{Op

LO

VXLW OHV YDULDWLRQV IDLEOHV GX UpJLPH GXJURXSH pOHFWURJqQH

'DXWUH

SDUW SDVVp P GH SURIRQGHXU OH IRQG QDSSDUDvW SOXV $YHF

OH 6PPF UHFRUGHU (* HW * TXL HVW UpJXOp TXHOTXHV HVVDLV RQW pWp IDLWV TXL RQH SHUPLV

GREWHQLU

XQH LPDJH GHV VWUXFWXUHV GX IRQG GDQV OHV ]RQHV OHV SOXV SURIRQGHV

/H VR$=ILIDJH ©YZ]ZH FRQWLQX D 3ULQFLSH GH IRQFWLRQQHPHQW

6SDUNHU OH VSDUNHU XWLOLVH OH

EUXLW

GXQH pWLQFHOOH pOHFWULTXH GDQV OHDX SURGXLWH

VRXV XQH WHQVLRQ GH j 9

%RRPHU ©OH ERRPHU QH GLIIqUH GX VSDUNHU TXHSDU OpPHWWHXU pOHFWURDFRXVWLTXH

$X

OLHX GH SURYRTXHU XQH pWLQFHOOH pOHFWULTXH OD GpFKDUJH GHV FDSDFLWpV HVW HQYR\pH GDQV XQH ERELQH SODWH j VSLUDOH GH FXLYUH FRQWUH ODTXHOOHHVW IL[p XQGLVTXH HQ DOXPL QLXP /HIIHW GHV IRUFHV pOHFWURPDJQpWLTXHV ORUV GH OD

YDULDWLRQ

UDSLGH GX FRXUDQW

HVWGpFDUWHU YLROHPPHQWOD SODTXH GHODERELQH FUpDQW DLQVLXQH LPSXOVLRQpODVWLTXH ª 2

/HHQKDUGW

K

6XU OHV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV OHV SURIRQGHXUV VRQW WUDQVFULWHV HQ XQLWpV GH WHPSV

&H WHPSV UHSUpVHQWH OD GXUpH GX

WUDMHW

DOOHU HWUHWRXU GHORQGH pODVWLTXH GH ODVXUIDFH GX

PLURLU

FRQVLGpUp

LO

VLQVFULW VXU OHQUHJLVWUHPHQW GX KDXW YHUV OH EDV

'DQV OHDX OD YLWHVVH GH SURSDJDWLRQHVW GH PV 'DQV OHV YDVHV OHV PHVXUHV GH YLWHVVH GDQV GHX[ FDURWWHV HIIHFWXpHV DX %XUHDX G(WXGHV 2FpDQRJUDSKLTXHV j OD 0DULQH 1DWLRQDOH SDU - 0HUOH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RUDOH j ODLGH GXQ FpOpULPqWUH

%RFNHO VRQW

² SRXU OD YDVH ODFXVWUH

9

PV

² SRXU OD YDVH JODFLDLUH

9

PV 1RXV SURSRVRQV

9

PV GDQV OHV YDVHV VXSHUILFLHOOHV 9

9

PV GDQV OHV YDVHV SURIRQGHV 6

9

PV GDQV OD FRXFKH VXSUDPRODVVLTXH &

/D &** WUDQVSRVDQW GHV PHVXUHV IDLWHV j WHUUH D

XWLOLVp

9

PV GDQV OHDX

9

PV GDQV OH UHFRXYUHPHQW

&HV YDOHXUV VRQW DUELWUDLUHV (OOHV LQWURGXLVHQW XQH HUUHXU SDU H[FqV VXU OHV YDOHXUV GHV SURIRQGHXUV H[SULPpHV HQ PqWUH GX

UDSSRUW

3 &URX]HW HW GHV LVREDWKHV SXEOLpHV SDU & 6HUUX\D 1RXV UHWLHQGURQV OD YDOHXU GH PV GDQV OD PRUDLQH

$UFKLYHV GHV 6FLHQFHV 9RO IDVF

(6)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

/HV YDOHXUV GHV YLWHVVHV H[SULPpHV FLGHVVXV VRQW GRQQpHV j

WLWUH GLOOXVWUDWLRQ

PDLV HQ GHKRUV GHVPHVXUHV TXHQRXV QDYRQV SX HIIHFWXHU TXH VXU GHV FDURWWHV GH P HOOHV QH UHSRVHQW TXH VXU GHV FRPSLODWLRQV &HVW j FDXVH GH OLPSUpFLVLRQ GH QRV FRQQDLVVDQFHV DFWXHOOHV VXU OD YLWHVVH GH SURSDJDWLRQ GHV RQGHV pODVWLTXHV GDQV OHV YDVHV TXH QRXV DYRQV SUpIpUp H[SULPHU QRV UpVXOWDWV HQ WHPSV FHVWjGLUH HQ GXUpH GH SDUFRXUV GH ORQGH pODVWLTXH DX OLHX GH OHV FRQYHUWLU HQ pSDLVVHXU 3DU VXLWH GH OLQpJDOLWp GpSDLVVHXU GHV IRUPDWLRQV GH YLWHVVHV GLIIpUHQWHV OD WRSRJUDSKLH DLQVL

GHVVLQpH HVW OpJqUHPHQW GpIRUPpH ILJ

7HPSV

&7

($8

0"

A

""

&

02/$66(

,

)LJ

&RXSH WHPSVSURIRQGHXU SRXU OHVGLIIpUHQWHV IRUPDWLRQV PV PLOOLVHFRQGH

,, $1$/<6(

'(6

(15(*,675(0(176

$ 6RQGHXU GH YDVH

'LIIpUHQWV W\SHV GH YDVHV VRQW UHQFRQWUpV ,OV RQW pWp GpFULWV DQWpULHXUHPHQW SDU /

*ODQJHDXG

2

/HHQKDUGW

HW &

6HUUX\D

'HV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV FRPSOpPHQWDLUHV HIIHFWXpV HQVXLWH HQ SUpFLVHQW OD FODVVLILFDWLRQ PRGLILpH

(7)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

.FYH UZqDZHH

(OOH DSSDUDvW VXU OHQUHJLVWUHPHQW VRXV IRUPH GH VWUDWHV UpJXOLqUHV HW SDUDOOqOHV VXFFHVVLYHPHQW EODQFKHV HW IRQFpHV /D ILQHVVH GH UpVROXWLRQ HVW GHQYLURQ FP

OHV VWUDWHV REVHUYpHV QH FRUUHVSRQGHQW GRQF SDV DX[ PLFURYDUYHV GH WDLOOH

PLOOL

PpWULTXH

(WDQW

GRQQp OD PpWKRGH HPSOR\pH QRXV SRXYRQV VHXOHPHQW GLUH TXH FHV FRXFKHV DOWHUQpHV FRUUHVSRQGHQW j GHV YDULDWLRQV GH GHQVLWp GX VpGLPHQW TXL VH UpSqWHQW XQ FHUWDLQ QRPEUH GH IRLV

&H W\SH SHXW SUpVHQWHU GHX[ DVSHFWV GLIIpUHQWV

² YDVH UXEDQpH UHSRVDQW GLUHFWHPHQW VXU XQ UpIOHFWHXU SXLVVDQW PRUDLQH RX PRODVVH /pSDLVVHXU YDULH GH j P ILJ

P

)LJ

9DVH UXEDQpH UHSRVDQW VXU XQ UpIOHFWHXU &RXSH HQUHJLVWUpHDX ODUJHG<YRLUHVXU OH WUDMHW 6DLQW3UH[

<YRLUH SURIRQGHXU GH OHDX P /H UpIOHFWHXU HVW LFL GH QDWXUH PRUDLQLTXH

² YDVH UXEDQpH GRQW RQ QDWWHLQW SDV OD EDVH SDU VXLWH GH OpSDLVVHXU SOXV JUDQGH GX GpS{W ILJ

… LH A A

)LJ

9DVH UXEDQpH R OD EDVH QHVW SDV DWWHLQWH &RXSH HQUHJLVWUpH GDQV OH 3HWLW/DF j ORXHVW G<YRLUH SDU P GHIRQG

(8)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

/HV YDVHV UXEDQpHV FRPPH GDLOOHXUV OHV YDVHV j VWUXFWXUHV HQ SDJRGHV GpFULWHV SOXV EDV pSRXVHQW OD IRUPH GX WUpIRQGV VXU OHTXHO HOOHV UHSRVHQW &H WUpIRQGV SUp VHQWH XQH SHQWH JpQpUDOH HW GHV RQGXODWLRQV ORFDOHV /D SHQWH GX WUpIRQGV SHXW GpSDVVHU SRXU FHQW 2Q SHXW DGPHWWUH TXH OD YDVH VH GpSRVH HQ VWUDWHV SDUDOOqOHV VXU GH WHOOHV SHQWHV

/RUVTXH GHV VWUDWHV SDUDOOqOHV HW LQFOLQpHV UHFRXSHQW OD WRSRJUDSKLH OpJqUHPHQW LQFOLQpH GX IRQG DYHF SDU UDSSRUW j FHOXLFL GHV SHQWHV GH j SRXU FHQW

LO

HVW SHUPLV GH SHQVHU TXH FHV YDVHV RQW VXEL GHV GpIRUPDWLRQV ILJ

/RVHV j VWURFWZHV © HQ SDJRGHV ª

(Q FHUWDLQV HQGURLWV GHV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV DSSDUDLVVHQW GHV ILJXUHV GH GpIRUPDWLRQ GX OLWDJH ILJ

)LJ

6WUXFWXUHV ©HQ SDJRGHV ª &RXSH HQUHJLVWUpH DX ODUJH GH 6DLQW3UH[ VXU OH WUDMHW 6DLQW3UH[<YRLUH SURIRQGHXU GH OHDX P

'HVFULSWLRQ

&HV ILJXUHV DSSDUDLVVHQW GDQV XQH YDVH UXEDQpH SDU UHQIRUFHPHQW GH OD WHLQWH UpYpODQW XQH IRUPH HQ

WRLW

GH SDJRGH TXL

QLQWHUURPSW

SDV QpFHVVDLUHPHQW OD VWUDWL ILFDWLRQ GH OD YDVH 1RXV SURSRVRQV GH OHV DSSHOHU VWUXFWXUHV © HQ SDJRGHV ª &HV ILJXUHV DWWHLJQHQW j P GH KDXWHXU (OOHV VH UpSqWHQW DYHF XQH SpULRGLFLWp GH

ORUGUH

GH P /HV IODQFV GHV SDJRGHV SUpVHQWHQW HQ JpQpUDO XQH OpJqUH FRQFDYLWp YHUV OH KDXW

'HV YDULDWLRQV H[LVWHQW QpDQPRLQV VXLYDQW OHV GLIIpUHQWHV UpJLRQV GX ODF

(9)

)LJ

5pIOHFWHXU UHFRXSDQW OD WRSRJUDSKLH VRXVODFXVWUH &RXSHHQUHJLVWUpH GDQV OH3HWLW/DFHQWUH <YRLUH HW 1\RQ SDU P GH IRQG

(10)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

&RQGLWLRQV EDWK\PpWULTXHV

/HV VWUXFWXUHV HQ SDJRGHV QDSSDUDLVVHQW TXHQWUH HW P GH SURIRQGHXU

&HSHQGDQW OD OLPLWH LQIpULHXUH HVW PDO pWDEOLH SRXU OHV UDLVRQV WHFKQLTXHV GpFULWHV SOXV KDXW

&RQGLWLRQV GH SHQWH

/HV VWUXFWXUHV HQ SDJRGHV QDSSDUDLVVHQW TXH VXU OHV SHQWHV VXSpULHXUHV j SRXU FHQW 2Q HQ WURXYH VXU OHV SHQWHV DOODQW MXVTXj SRXU FHQW

&RQGLWLRQV VpGLPHQWRORJLTXHV

P GH YDVH UXEDQpH DX PRLQV VRQW QpFHVVDLUHV SRXU

ODSSDULWLRQ

GHV SDJRGHV

$JH

/HV VWUXFWXUHV HQ SDJRGHV QDSSDUDLVVHQW SDV HQ JpQpUDO VXU OHV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV qRRPHU (OOHV QH SHXYHQW SDV rWUH GXHV j GHV DUWHIDFWV GDSSDUHLOODJH QL j GHV LQWHU IpUHQFHV GXHV j OD SHQWH 'H UpFHQWV FDURWWDJHV SHUPHWWHQW GH UDWWDFKHU FHV VWUXFWXUHV

j GHV VpGLPHQWV GkJH SUpERUpDO 5HPDUTXH

'DQV OLPSRVVLELOLWp GH SUHQGUH SOXVLHXUV FDURWWHV VXU XQH PrPH VWUXFWXUH UHSpUDJH WURS LPSUpFLV GX EDWHDX HW VXUWRXW GX SRLQW GLPSDFW GX FDURWWLHU DXFXQH FRUUpODWLRQ QDSSDUDvW SRXU OLQVWDQW DYHF OHV UpVXOWDWV VpGLPHQWRORJLTXHV

,QWHUSUpWDWLRQ

$

OD VXLWH GH OD SUHPLqUH FDPSDJQH QRXV DYRQV FUX /

*ODQJHDXG

2 /HHQ

KDUGW

HW &

6HUUX\D

SRXYRLU H[SOLTXHU FHV VWUXFWXUHV SDU GHV SKpQRPqQHV SpULJODFLDLUHV (OOHV QH VHPEOHQW FHSHQGDQW SDV SRXYRLU rWUH LQWHUSUpWpHV FRPPH GHV IHQWHV GH JHO /H SURIHVVHXU - '\OLFN

?

FRQVXOWp SDU OHWWUH pFULW j FH VXMHW

© /H[LVWHQFH GHV IHQWHV PH VHPEOH

SOXW{W

GRXWHXVH SDUFH TXH OHV FRXFKHV QH VRQW SDV URPSXHV HW HOOHV VHPEOHQW WUDYHUVHU WUDQTXLOOHPHQW OHV IHQWHV DSSDUHQWHV

ª 0rPH GDQV OHV SD\V EHDXFRXS SOXV FRQWLQHQWDX[ TXH OD UpJLRQ GX ODF /pPDQ FRPPH SDU H[HPSOH OD 3RORJQH RX OD +RQJULH OD SOXV JUDQGH SURIRQGHXU GHV IHQWHV

HQ FRLQ SOpLVWRFqQHV QH GpSDVVH SDV RX P 'DQV OH FDV GH YRWUH VHFWLRQ OD SUR IRQGHXU GHV IHQWHV VHUDLW GH P ª

=RQHV VDQV UDWRQ

'DQV FHUWDLQHV FRQGLWLRQV OHQUHJLVWUHXU QLQGLTXH TXH OH IRQG &H VRQW OHV ]RQHV R OD GHQVLWp HVW DVVH] pOHYpH SRXU DEVRUEHU WRXWH OpQHUJLH pPLVH YDVH FRPSDFWH RX VDEOH

©- 3ODFDJHV GH WHUUDVVHV GHOWDwTXHV

,QVW\WXW *HRJUDILF]Q\ 8QLYHUV\WHWX /RG]NLHJR

(11)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

3UqV GH OHPERXFKXUH GH TXHOTXHV ULYLqUHV H[ OH 5HGRQ OD WRSRJUDSKLH PRQWUH XQ SODWHDX HQWUH HW P SXLV XQH UXSWXUH GH SHQWH DFFXVpH

MXVTXj

P UHMRL JQDQW DSUqV LQIOH[LRQ OD SHQWH QRUPDOH GX IRQG /D SpQpWUDWLRQ HVW IDLEOH RX QXOOH 'HYDQW OH 5HGRQ QRXV DYRQV FDURWWp GX VDEOH 'DQVFH FDV OD FRPSRVLWLRQ GpWULWLTXH GX GpS{W IRUPH XQ pFUDQ 8QH pWXGH UpFHQWH PRQWUH DYHF SUpFLVLRQ OD WRSRJUDSKLH

GHFHWWH ]RQHF{WLqUH OD UXSWXUH GH SHQWH SDUDvWJpQpUDOH 3

0HUFLHU

/

3XV]WDV]HUL

-3

9HUQHW

$

OHPERXFKXUH GH OD 3URPHQWKRXVH FHWWH WRSRJUDSKLH VH FRPSOqWH SDU GHV UpIOHFWHXUV FRQWLQXV HQ DPRQW HW HQ DYDO GH OD UXSWXUH GH SHQWH VRXV ODTXHOOH LOV VRQW PDVTXpV FHX[FL VRQW GLVFRUGDQWV SDU UDSSRUW DX SODWHDX PDLV GHYLHQQHQW SDUDOOqOHV

3

)LJ

7HUUDVVH GHOWDwTXH VRXVODFXVWUH GH OD 3URPHQWKRXVH 3HWLW/DF 3URIRQGHXU GH OHDX GDQV OD SDUWLH KRUL]RQWDOH GH OHQUHJLVWUHPHQW P

DX IRQG YHUV OH ODUJH ILJ &HWWH GLVSRVLWLRQ UDSSHOOH j XWLH pFKHOOH SOXV UpGXLWH OD

© NQHH OLQH ª GH ODFFXPXODWLRQ VpGLPHQWDLUH HQ ERUGXUH GX SODWHDX GpFULWH SDU (GJHUWRQ HW /HHQKDUGW DX ODUJH GH 0RQDFR

{M

0RUDLQHV

$X

QRUG

G<YRLUH

RQ VDLW GHSXLV

)$ )RUHO

TXH OH IRQG HVW FRQVWLWXp SDU OD PRUDLQH DIIOHXUDQWH &HWWH IRUPDWLRQ QHVW SDV SpQpWUpH j FDXVH GH VD JUDQXOR PpWULH

WURS

JURVVLqUH HW KpWpURJqQH

6XU OHV IODQFV GH OD EDUUH

G<YRLUH

OD YDVH HVW GpSRVpH HQ ELVHDX

YRLU

ILJ

FM

&{QHV GH GpMHFWLRQ 'UDQVH

/j HQFRUH DXFXQH SpQpWUDWLRQ QHVW REVHUYpH j FDXVH GH OD QDWXUH FDLOORXWHXVH GX GHOWD

% 6RQGDJH VLVPLTXH

FRQWLQX

1RXV REVHUYRQV TXDWUH KRUL]RQV SULQFLSDX[

RU]R© $

&HVW OH SOXV SURIRQG ,O SUpVHQWH XQH VXUIDFH LUUpJXOLqUH ODUJHPHQW RQGXOpH

(12)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

VRXYHQW DYHF XQH VXUIDFH HQ PDUFKHV GHVFDOLHU &HW KRUL]RQ HVW FDUDFWpULVWLTXH HQWUH 2XFK\ HW 6DLQW3UH[ /H PrPH DVSHFW HVW REVHUYp HQWUH (YLDQ HW &XOO\ ELHQ

(13)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

TXH VXU OD SDUWLH PpGLDQH GH FH WUDMHW

OKRUL]RQ 0

VRLW SHX FODLU SDU VXLWH GH OD

WURS

JUDQGH YLWHVVH GH QDYLJDWLRQ 6XU FHWWH FRXSH OD SURIRQGHXU PD[LPDOH HVW GH PV

&RPPH OD PRODVVH DIIOHXUH VXUOD ULYH VXLVVH HQWUH /DXVDQQH HW 6DLQW3UH[ QRXV

OXL

DYRQV LGHQWLILp

OKRUL]RQ 0

/D PRODVVH FRQVWLWXH GRQF OH WUpIRQGV GX *UDQG/DF HQWUH OHV OLJQHV <YRLUH6DLQW3UH[ HW 0HLOOHULH5LYD] (OOH DIIOHXUH DXVVL VXU OHV ULYHV GX 3HWLW/DF

6D SURIRQGHXU PD[LPDOH HVW GH

ORUGUH

GH PV j

O(VW

GH OD 3URPHQWKRXVH 6XU OD OLJQH 6DLQW3UH[<YRLUH VH WURXYH XQ FRO j PV TXL GpSULPH OD ]RQH GH

ODQWLFOLQDO G<YRLUH

YLVLEOH VXU OH WUDMHW <YRLUHEDLH GH 6FLH] 'DQV OH *UDQG/DF OD PRODVVH IRUPH XQ IRVVp GDERUG ODUJH HW SHX SURIRQG RULHQWp 6:1( GH 6FLH]

DX ODUJHGH7KRQRQ SXLV :6:(1( MXVTXDXVXG GH3XOO\ WRXUQDQWjODGLUHFWLRQ :(

MXVTXj OD OLJQH 0HLOOHULH5LYD] /j j VD SOXV JUDQGH SURIRQGHXU OD PRODVVH VH SHUG VRXV XQ UHFRXYUHPHQW RSDTXH & 6HUUX\D D GpFULW FHWWH WRSRJUDSKLH FRPPH © XQH JUDQGH YDOOpH TXL VHPEOH SUHQGUH VD VRXUFH GDQV OD EDLH GH 6FLH] © TXL UHoRLW GX QRUG HW GH ORXHVW GHV DIIOXHQWV HW FRXOH YHUV OHVW ª

&HWWH YDOOpH HVW GLVV\PpWULTXH OH WKDOZHJ HVW WRXMRXUV SOXV SURFKH GH OD ULYH VXG GX ODF 0DLV DORUV TXj 7KRQRQ OH IODQF IUDQoDLV HVW SOXV DEUXSW TXH OH IODQF VXLVVH FHOXLFL GHYLHQW SUDWLTXHPHQW IDLOOp GHYDQW &XOO\ 9HUV OHVW OH IRQG GH OD YDOOpH HVW GpGRXEOpSDU OD SUpVHQFH GXQH GpSUHVVLRQ DIIOXHQWH PDUTXpH VXU NP GDQV OD GLUHF WLRQ G2XFK\ ILJ

4XHOOH HVW

ORULJLQH

GX UHFRXYUHPHQW RSDTXH TXL PDVTXH OD SDUWLH HVW GH FHWWH YDOOpH QD SDV XQH

OLPLWH

WUDQFKpH 6XU OD ULYH IUDQoDLVH FHWWH

OLPLWH

HVW FHOOH GX FKDUULDJH 7UqV SUqV GH OD ULYH VXLVVH GHYDQW

&KLOORQ

GHV UpIOHFWHXUV DSSDUDLVVHQW j QRXYHDX ILJ &H UHFRXYUHPHQW GDQV VD SDUWLH GLVFRQWLQXH SDUDvW

SURYHQLU

GpOpPHQWV WUqV DEVRUEDQWV RUJDQLTXHV HW SHXW rWUH PrPH VRXV IRUPH JD]HXVH UHFRXYHUWV GXQH FRXFKH GH VpGLPHQWV GHQYLURQ P GpSDLVVHXU VRXV OH IRQG

'DQV OH 3HWLW/DF OD SHQWH JpQpUDOH GH OD PRODVVH HVW DXVVL

:(

RQ QH

GRLW

SOXV SDUOHU GH YDOOpH PDLV GH V\QFOLQDO GLVV\PpWULTXH GRQW OH IRQG SUpVHQWH GHV FRQWUHSHQWHV DX YHUVDQW IUDQoDLV SOXV DEUXSW HW IDLOOp

&RQFOXRQV ILJ

D

6L OD JUDQGH YDOOpH D HX j XQH pSRTXH GRQQpH XQ H[XWRLUH YHUV OHVW

LO

QH QRXV HVW SDV SRVVLEOH GH SUpFLVHU VD SRVLWLRQ

K /D

OLPLWH

VRXVODFXVWUHGXFKDUULDJH HVW

WRXW

j

IDLW

QHWWH VRXVOD ULYH IUDQoDLVH 3OXV DX QRUG FHWWH

OLPLWH

HVW PDVTXpH SDU OH UHFRXYUHPHQW RSDTXH VLJQDOp SOXV KDXW F 6L VXLYDQW

0 /XJHRQ

OH 5K{QH D FRXOp YHUV OHODF GH 1HXFKkWHO SDU /DXVDQQH FH IOHXYH D SX HPSUXQWHU

OD

GpSUHVVLRQ 6(1: H[LVWDQW DX QRUG GH 0HLOOHULH HQ GLUHFWLRQ G2XFK\ &HWWH GpSUHVVLRQ QH VH SURORQJH SDV j ORXHVW GH OD OLJQH (YLDQ/DXVDQQH

,O

VHUDLW GRQF QpFHVVDLUH GDGPHWWUH GLPSRUWDQWHV GpIRUPD WLRV QLGIIpUHQWLHOOHV SRVWpULHXUHV GH SDUW HW GDXWUH GH FHWWH OLJQH

/HV pSDLVVHXUV GH YDVHV LQGLTXpHV HQ PqWUHV VRQW FDOFXOpHV DYHF 9 PV

(14)

)LJ

&RXSH WUDQVYHUVDOH GX*UDQG/DFHQUHJLVWUpH HQWUH3XOO\HW (YLDQ 3URIRQGHXUPD[LPXPGHOHDXP PV PLOOLVHFRQGH

)LJ

5HFRXYUHPHQW RSDTXH GHOD SDUWLH RULHQWDOHGX ODF &RXSH HQUHJLVWUpH DX ODUJHGH9LHLOOHULH 3URIRQGHXUGHOHDX PHQYLURQPV PLOOLVHFRQGH

(15)

)LJ

&DUWHGHVLVRFKURQHV GXWRLWGHODPRODVVH /HVFRXUEHV VRQWH[SULPpHV HQPLOOLVHFRQGHVOHVSRLQWV

(16)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

DI

0 /XJHRQ

(

-RXNRZVN\

HW ( *DJQHELQ RQW VXSSRVp TXH OH 3HWLW/DF pWDLW G€ j OHQQRLHPHQW GXQH YDOOpH DIIOXHQWH GH

O$UYH

TXL SDU pURVLRQ UpJUHVVLYH DXUDLW FDSWXUp OH UpVHDX K\GURJUDSKLTXH H[LVWDQW j OHVW

G<YRLUH

/D PRUSKRORJLH REVHUYpH QH FRQILUPH SDV FHWWH K\SRWKqVH (Q SDUWLFXOLHU DXWRXU GX FRO ODSHQWH GHOD VXUIDFH GH OD PRODVVH HVW QXOOH YHUV ORXHVW HW PDUTXpH YHUV OHVW

RU]RUW &

'DQV OH FHQWUH GX *UDQG/DF

OKRUL]RQ

& FRXYUH OHV SDUWLHV GpSULPpHV GH OD PRODVVH

,O

VH WHUPLQH HQ ELVHDX VXU OHV IODQFV GX EDVVLQ HW FRQWUH OD GRUVDOH PpGLDQH SURIRQGH

YRLU

ILJ 6RQ pSDLVVHXU HVW LQIpULHXUH j PV

/H[WHQVLRQ GH FH QLYHDX YHUV ORXHVW HVW LQFHUWDLQH 6D QDWXUH JpRORJLTXH QHVW SDV LGHQWLILpH

)LJ

'HX[ LQWHUSUpWDWLRQV SRVVLEOHV GH OD ]RQH GH SDVVDJH HQWUH OD JUDQGH SODLQH FHQWUDOH HW OH YHUVDQW VXG GX ODF /pJHQGH GDQV OH WH[WH

LRQ]R©

*

6XU OHV IODQFV GX ODF DSSDUDLVVHQW XQ RX SOXVLHXUV UpIOHFWHXUV SUpVHQWDQW OHV FDUDFWqUHV VXLYDQWV

(17)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

² LOV QH VREVHUYHQW TXH VXU OHV SHQWHV GDQV OH *UDQG/DF PDLV VpWHQGHQW DXVVL VXU OH IRQG GX 3HWLW/DF

² LOV QH IRUPHQW SDV GHV FRXFKHV FRQWLQXHV

² GHQRPEUHXVHVGLIIUDFWLRQVVREVHUYHQW GDQVOD PDVVH j

SDUWLU

GX

WRLW

GXUpIOHFWHXU

² GDQV OH 3HWLW/DF OHXU pSDLVVHXU GpSDVVH PV GDQV OD SDUWLH RFFLGHQWDOH GX

*UDQG/DF HOOH SHXW DWWHLQGUH PV DX ODUJH G(YLDQ HOOH QH GpSDVVH TXH[FHS WLRQQHOOHPHQW PV 6XU OD ULYH QRUG GX *UDQG/DF FHWWH

IRUPDWLRQ

QH[LVWH TXHQ ODPEHDX[ SHX pSDLV

&HV FDUDFWqUHV SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW QHWV GHYDQW <YRLUH SHUPHWWHQW

GLGHQWLILHU

FH UpIOHFWHXU OD PRUDLQH

/H SDVVDJH GH OD SODLQH SURIRQGH DX YHUVDQW IUDQoDLV SRVH XQ GpOLFDW SUREOqPH GLQWHUSUpWDWLRQ VLVPLTXH SUpVHQWDQW GHX[ VROXWLRQV ILJ

DM

/KRUL]RQ & VH WHUPLQH HQ ELVHDX YHUV OD F{WH LO HVW WRXMRXUV QRQ LGHQWLILp 8Q FRLQ DSODWL GH VpGLPHQWV DQFLHQV OH VXUPRQWH /HV GHX[ QLYHDX[ GH PRUDLQHV

*

HW * VH WHUPLQHQW HQ ELVHDX YHUV OH ODUJH

{M

/D PRODVVH FRQVWLWXH

OKRUL]RQ

SURIRQG

/KRUL]RQ

& HW OD PRUDLQH SUR IRQGH *A VRQW HQ FRQWLQXLWp

/KRUL]RQ

& HVW GRQF FRQVWLWXp GH PRUDLQHV 'DQV FH FDV

OKRUL]RQ

5

SRXUUDLW

rWUH XQ DUWHIDFW

LO

GHYUDLW DORUV VH SUpVHQWHU FRPPH XQH K\SHUEROH GH UpIOH[LRQ VXU OH FRLQ GX ELVHDX GH PRUDLQH *A &H SHXWrWUH DXVVL XQH

OLPLWH

HQWUH GHX[ IRUPDWLRQV PRUDLQLTXHV DQDORJXHV j FHOOH H[LVWDQW HQWUH

*

HW

*

&HWWH LQWHUSUpWDWLRQ SDUDvW SOXV YUDLVHPEODEOH

(Q FRQVpTXHQFH WRXV OHV VpGLPHQWV 6 HW 9 UHPSOLVVDQW OD SODLQH VRQW SRVW JODFLDLUHV 8QH WHOOH PDVVH VpGLPHQWDLUH GpSRVpH SHQGDQW XQH GXUpH DXVVL FRXUWH SHXW

VH FRQFHYRLU VL RQ DVVLPLOH FHWWH

IRUPDWLRQ

j OD © PRUDLQH VXSpULHXUH ª GHV DXWHXUV

$ -D\HW HW $

/RPEDUG

TXL

OLQWHUSUqWHQW

FRPPH OH OHVVLYDJH GH OD PRUDLQH ZUPLHQQH

8Q FKRL[ HQWUH OXQH HW ODXWUH GH FHV LQWHUSUpWDWLRQV LQIOXH VHQVLEOHPHQW VXU OD JpRORJLH TXDWHUQDLUH GX ODF PDLV QH FKDQJH SDV OLPDJH TXH QRXV SUpVHQWRQV GH

OpYROXWLRQ

JpRORJLTXH DQWpULHXUH

6HUIPHWV MZSUDZRUDLQA0HV

/H VRQGHXU GH YDVH D SHUPLV GpWXGLHU OD SDUWLH VXSHUILFLHOOH GHV VpGLPHQWV

/DSSRUW

GHV pPHWWHXUV pOHFWURDFRXVWLTXHV VH

OLPLWH

j PRQWUHU OD JUDQGH pSDLVVHXU GH FHX[Oj HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

VXU OHV FRXSHV RULHQWDOHV

/LGHQWLILFDWLRQ

FHUWDLQH GH OD PRUDLQH QHVW SDV SRVVLEOH DYHF ODLGH XQLTXH GHV HQUHJLVWUHPHQWV ORUVTXHFHOOHFL HVWFRQVWLWXpH GH PDWpULHO ILQ HOOH SHXWrWUHFRQIRQGXH DYHF OHV VpGLPHQWV VXSHUILFLHOV 'RQF QRXV QH SRXYRQV

LQGLTXHU

OpSDLVVHXU GH VpGL PHQWV GH UHPSOLVVDJH DYHF FHUWLWXGH TXH GDQV OD SODLQH FHQWUDOH

(18)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

]U *UDQG/DF

6XU OHV IODQFV FHV GpS{WV VRQW JpQpUDOHPHQW SHX pSDLV ,OV GpSDVVHQW UDUHPHQW P VXU OH IODQF VXG P VXU OH IODQF QRUG 'DQV OD SDUWLH FHQWUDOH GX *UDQG/DF

OHV VpGLPHQWV HPSkWHQW OD WRSRJUDSKLH VRXVMDFHQWH OH IRQG HVW SODW /pSDLVVHXU PR\HQQH DXJPHQWH GRXHVW HQ HVW GH P DX QRUG G(YLDQ MXVTXj P DX QRUG GH 0HLOOHULH 'HX[ VpULHV GH UpIOHFWHXUV VRQW YLVLEOHV /D SOXV SURIRQGH HVW SHX QHWWH PHQW LQVFULWH DVVH] FRQWLQXH QHWWHPHQW LQFXUYpH VXU OHV ERUGV DPRUWLVVDQW OHV IRUPHV GX

UHOLHI

VRXV MDFHQW /D VpTXHQFH VXSpULHXUH HVW SOXV QHWWH SOXV ULFKH HQ UpIOHFWHXUV WUqV FRQWLQXH KRUL]RQWDOH VH WHUPLQDQW DX FRQWDFW GHV WHUUDLQV SOXV DQFLHQV GH OD SHQWH DYHF XQH OpJqUH FRXUEXUH

/D VHXOH FRXSH HQ ORQJ HIIHFWXpH FRQILUPH OHV GRQQpHV GHV FRXSHV WUDQVYHUVDOHV HW PRQWUH XQH VROXWLRQ GH FRQWLQXLWp HQWUH OH VpGLPHQW GHV IODQFV HW OHV HPSLOHPHQWV GH OD SODLQH

,O UpVXOWH GH FHV IDLWV TXH OH PRGH GH GpS{W GHV VpGLPHQWV VHPEOH rWUH GLIIpUHQW VXU OHV IODQFV HW VXU OH IRQG SODW

6XU OH IODQF VXG

MXVTXj

OD SURIRQGHXU GH P RQ WURXYH HQ JpQpUDO SHX GH VpGLPHQWV DFWXHOV OH IRQG HVW FRQVWLWXp SDU GX 3UpERUpDO &

6HUUX\D

HW - 6DXYDJH (Q VpORLJQDQW YHUV OH ODUJH OpSDLVVHXU GH YDVH DFWXHOOH FURvW &HWWH VpGLPHQ WDWLRQ YDVHXVH GRULJLQH ELRFKLPLTXH SUpGRPLQDQWH VXJJqUH HW UDSSHOOH XQH FKXWH GH QHLJH /DEVHQFH GH YDVH DFWXHOOH SUqV GHV F{WHV SHXW VH[SOLTXHU SDU OD IDLEOH WUDQFKH GHDX QRXUULFLqUH GH SODQFWRQ

,O

HVW SUREDEOH TXH OHV FRXUDQWV GH UHWRXU GHV YHQWV GRPLQDQWV GX QRUG UHQGHQW SOXV GLIILFLOH OH GpS{W GH FHWWH YDVH DFWXHOOH GH IDLEOH GHQVLWp HQ PR\HQQH VDQV TXLOV SXLVVHQW pURGHU OH 3UpERUpDO RX OH 'U\DV GH GHQVLWp HQYLURQ

'DQV OHV ]RQHV j VpGLPHQWDWLRQ GpWULWLTXH SOXV IRUWH OHV GpVpTXLOLEUHV GH SHQWH SURYRTXHQWGHV JOLVVHPHQWV HQ PDVVH GRQW RQ FRQQDvW GH QRPEUHX[ H[HPSOHVFRQWHP SRUDLQV RX KLVWRULTXHV

/D SODLQH MRXH OH U{OH GH © SLqJH j VpGLPHQW ª -

%RXUFDUW

HW &

)UDQFLV

%°XI TXH FHX[FL VRLHQW GRULJLQH ELRFKLPLTXH TXLOV UpVXOWHQW GH JOLVVHPHQWV GH SHQWH RX TXLOV SURYLHQQHQW GH FRXOpHV GHQVHV QpHV GDQV OHV ]RQHV GDSSRUW &HWWH K\SRWKqVH UHQGUDLW FRPSWH GH PDQLqUH VDWLVIDLVDQWH GH OD VpTXHQFH VXSpULHXUH WUqV IRXUQLH HQ UpIOHFWHXUV /H 5K{QH UHVWH pYLGHPPHQW OD VRXUFH SULQFLSDOH GHV DSSRUWV VRLW VRXV IRUPH GH VDEOHV GpSRVpV GDQV OH +DXW/DF VRLW VRXV IRUPH GH VXVSHQVLRQV ILQHV IORWWpHV DVVH]

ORLQ

OHV PDWLqUHV RUJDQLTXHV \ VRQW SUpVHQWHV

3HWLW/DF

/pSDLVVHXU GHV VpGLPHQWV YDULH HQWUH HW

P

HOOH GpSDVVHH[FHSWLRQQHOOHPHQW

P SDU SODFH /HV EHDX[ VRQGDJHV PHQWLRQQpV SDU ( -RXNRZVN\ HW - % %XIIOH HQ LQGLTXHQW OD VWUDWLJUDSKLH H[DFWH /D VpGLPHQWDWLRQ SDUDvW rWUH LQWpJUDOHPHQW SRVW :UP LQGLTXDQW OkJH GH OD PLVH HQ HDX GX 3HWLW/DF

(19)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

,,, ,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

ILJ

/RULJLQH

GX ODF /pPDQ HW OHV FDXVHV GH VD PRUSKRORJLH VL SDUWLFXOLqUH RQW GHSXLV ORQJWHPSV LQWULJXp OHV JpRORJXHV HW SOXVLHXUV WKqVHV VH VRQW DIIURQWpHV OXQH GHOOHV SUrWDLW XQH RULJLQH JODFLDLUH DX /pPDQ ( *DJQHELQ

3RXU GDXWUHV DXWHXUV DX FRQWUDLUH )$

)RUHO

HW $ /RPEDUG ORULJLQH WHFWRQLTXH GX /pPDQ QH IDLW DXFXQ GRXWH

1RWUH WUDYDLO FRQILUPH FHWWH GHUQLqUH WKpRULH OD IRUPDWLRQ GX ODF /pPDQ HVW OLpH j

OKLVWRLUH

WHFWRQLTXH GH OD UpJLRQ HW SDUWDQW j ORURJHQqVH DOSLQH DX FKDUULDJH

GHV QDSSHV SUpDOSLQHV HW j OD VXUUHFWLRQ GX -XUD

$

OD OXPLqUH GHV VWUXFWXUHV TXH OH VRQGDJH VLVPLTXH FRQWLQX D PLV HQ pYLGHQFH QRXV HVVDLHURQV GH UHFRQVWLWXHU

OpYROXWLRQ

WHFWRQLTXH HW SDOpRJpRJUDSKLTXH GH OD UpJLRQ HQ FRPSOpWDQWHWGpYHORSSDQW XQ WUDYDLO DQWpULHXU&

6HUUX\D

2

/HHQKDUGL

HW /

*ODQJHDXG

1RXV QH UHYLHQGURQV SDV VXU OHV QRPEUHX[ WUDYDX[ GHV JpRORJXHV DOSLQV TXL RQW SHX j SHX GpJDJp OD VXFFHVVLRQ GHV pYpQHPHQWV WUqV LPSRUWDQWV D\DQW ERXOHYHUVp OD UpJLRQ DOSLQH SHQGDQW O2OLJRFqQH

/HXUV FRQFOXVLRQV FRQGXLVHQW HQ FH TXL FRQFHUQHQW OD UpJLRQ OpPDQLTXH j XQ PRGqOH GpYROXWLRQ VWUXFWXUDOH TXL FRQILUPH WRXW j

IDLW

OHV LGpHV pPLVHV SDU

$ /RPEDUG GqV

'DQV OD UpJLRQ OpPDQLTXH WURLV GRPDLQHV VH VRQW SHX j SHX LQGLYLGXDOLVpV DX FRXUV GH O2OLJRFqQH

/H GRPDLQH MXUDVVLHQ TXL GqV OH 6WDPSLHQ HVW OH VLqJH GH PRXYHPHQWV HQ

UpVXOWH GHV SOLV GpMj IDLOOpV WHO OH IDLVFHDX ROLJRFqQH HW OD

IDLOOH

GH 3RQWDUOLHU '

$XEHUW

HW /

*ODQJHDXG

ORVVDWXUH MXUDVVLHQQH HVW HQ IRUPDWLRQ

/H VLOORQ SpULDOSLQ TXL GqV O2OLJRFqQH HVW HQ YRLH GDIIDLVVHPHQW SHUPDQHQW

&H QHVW SDV IDLUH SUHXYH GLPDJLQDWLRQ TXH GH PHWWUH FHWWH VXEVLGHQFH HQ UHODWLRQ DYHF OHV PRXYHPHQWV DOSLQV HW ODUULYpH SURJUHVVLYH GHV QDSSHV

(QWUH OHV GHX[ GRPDLQHV MXUDVVLHQ HWSUpDOSLQ VH VLWXH XQH UpJLRQ LQWHUPpGLDLUH OLPLWpH SDU OD IDLOOH GH OD &{WH j ORXHVW SDU XQH OLJQH GH GLUHFWLRQ 6:1( DX VXG FHVW OH GRPDLQH GH

O$YDQW-XUD

/D

OLPLWH

GH FHWWH WURLVLqPH UpJLRQ DYHF OH GRPDLQH DOSLQ HW SpULDOSLQ HVW XQ DFFLGHQW WUqV DQFLHQ LQWpUHVVDQW DXVVL OD ULYH VXG GX ODF 'HV UHFKHUFKHV HIIHFWXpHV HQWUH 6DLQW'LGLHU HW OH 3HWLW/DF RQW PRQWUp TXH

²

O$TXLWDQLHQ

DEVHQW GH OD UpJLRQ G<YRLUH0HVVHU\ FRPPH GX *HQHYRLV DWWHLQW SOXV GH P DX VXG GH %DOODLVRQ

(20)

)LJ

&RXSH JpRORJLTXH VFKpPDWLTXH VXLYDQW OD GLUHFWLRQ $ % GH OD ILJXUH

'RPDLQH SpULDOSP

VFKpPDWLVp

%ROODLVRQ

(21)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

² OH &KDWWLHQ LQIpULHXU QH GpSDVVH SDV P YHUV OH 3HWLW/DF PDLV HVW UHSUpVHQWp SDU SOXV GH P GH PDUQHV HW GH JUqV j %DOODLVRQ

² OHV IRUPDWLRQV WHUWLDLUHV UHSRVHQW VXU

O$OELHQ

GDQV OD SUHPLqUH ORFDOLWp HW VXU OH

&UpWDFp VXSpULHXU GDQV OD GHX[LqPH

2Q HVW GRQF IRQGp j DGPHWWUH TXH WUqV

W{W

HQWUHOH GRPDLQH DXWRFKWRQH ERUGDQW

OHV 3UpDOSHV HW OH GRPDLQH MXUDVVLHQ VHVW LQGLYLGXDOLVpH XQH UpJLRQ TXL VDQV rWUH JpQpWLTXHPHQW OLpH DX -XUD D HX XQH pYROXWLRQ VWUXFWXUDOH GLULJpH SDU OH -XUD SURFKH

/D GLUHFWLRQ GHV VWUXFWXUHV GH FHWWH ]RQH D pWp PRXOpH VXU FHOOHV GX -XUD

/D OLPLWH RULHQWDOH GH FHWWH UpJLRQ © $YDQW-XUD ª3HWLW/DF HVW GRQQpH SDU OD SHQWH VWUXFWXUDOH GH OD VXUIDFH GH OD PRODVVH SHQWH TXL FRUUHVSRQG DX IODQF HVW GH

ODQWLFOLQDO

UHFRQQX DX ODUJH

G<YRLUH

HW GH GLUHFWLRQ <YRLUH$8DPDQ /D

OLPLWH

HQWUH

OHV GHX[ ODFV pWDLW

MXVTXLFL

EDVpH VXU OD PRUSKRORJLH GX JODFLDLUH VRXV ODFXVWUH ,O IDXW GpVRUPDLV FRQVLGpUHU TXH OD OLPLWH 3HWLW/DF*UDQG/DF HVW GRQQpH SDU OH

WRLW

GH OD

PRODVVH (OOH VH VLWXH VXLYDQW OD[H

<YRLUH$OODPDQ

GH

ODQWLFOLQDO

GpSULPp GDQV VD SDUWLH FHQWUDOH

(YROXWLRQ SRVWPLVH HQ SODFH GHV 3UpDOSHV

$

SDUWLU

GX %XUGLJDOLHQ SUREDEOHPHQW OHV QDSSHV VRQW HQ SODFH OD PHU DWWHLQW /DXVDQQH GXQH SDUW HW %FOOFJDUGH GH ODXWUH

/HV UHOLHIV GH OD IXWXUH FXYHWWH OpPDQLTXH VRQW GUDLQpV SDU GHV ULYLqUHV TXL GHVFHQGHQW YHUV OH ULYDJH /D[H GpURVLRQ TXH QRXV YR\RQV PDQLIHVWHPHQW LQVFULW GDQV OD PRODVVH GDWHWLO GH FHWWH pSRTXH

'H QRXYHDX[ PRXYHPHQWV UHKDXVVHQW OHV UHOLHIV DOSLQV OD PRODVVH VXEDOSLQH FKHYDXFKH OD PRODVVH DXWRFKWRQH HW © OH +DXW-RUDW UpVXOWH DLQVL GXQ ERPEHPHQW GXQH DVFHQVLRQ GHV PDVVHV FRPSULPpHV GX

IURQW

ª $

%HUVLHU

1RXV WURXYRQV OD WUDFH GH FH

IURQW

DQWLFOLQDO GH $ %HUVLHU GDQV OH ODF VRXV IRUPH GXQ ERPEHPHQW DOODQW G(YLDQ j &XOO\ HW QRXV FRQVWDWRQV TXj VRQ QLYHDX QRWUH

© YDOOpH OpPDQLTXH ª D pWp GpYLpH YHUV OH QRUG

/D PLVH HQ SODFH GHV PDVVLIV FULVWDOOLQV D DFFHQWXp OH EDVFXOHPHQW YHUV OH QRUG GHV OLJQHV WRSRJUDSKLTXHV /H

IURQW

GHV QDSSHV D DORUV MRXp OH U{OH GH FRLQ SHVDQW VXU OD UpJLRQ OpPDQLTXH HW WHQGDQW j ODEDLVVHU

$X

3RQWLHQ OH -XUD HVW OH VLqJH GH PRXYHPHQWV LPSRUWDQWV TXL YRQW WUDQVIRUPHU

OH JODFLV IDLEOHPHQW RULHQWp YHUV OD SODLQH VXLVVH HQ XQH FKDvQH FRPSOH[H

/D © YDOOpH SUpOpPDQLTXH ª VHVW IRUPpH DSUqV OH ERPEHPHQW DQWLFOLQDO (YLDQ

&XOO\ SXLVTXHOOHHVW GpYLpH SDU FHW DFFLGHQW 2U FH GHUQLHU HVW UDSSRUWp SDU $ %HUVLHU

j XQ kJH %XUGLJDOLHQ RX MXVWH SRVW%XUGLJDOLHQ

,O

HVW GRQF SUREDEOH TXH OD YDOOpH SUpOpPDQLTXH D FRPPHQFp j rWUH pURGpH GDQV OD PRODVVH DSUqV OH %XUGLJDOLHQ j XQH pSRTXH R FHSHQGDQW OH -RUDW pWDLW HQFRUH SHX pOHYp

1RXV QH VDYRQV SDV TXHO pWDLW OH VHQV GH GUDLQDJH GH FHWWH YDOOpH PDLV pWDQW GRQQp OD SHUPDQHQFH GHV FDUDFWqUHV VWUXFWXUDX[ GHV GLIIpUHQWV HQVHPEOHV GHSXLV

(22)

e78'(6 *e23+<6,48(6 '$16 /( /$& /e0$1

O2OLJRFqQH

LO

HVW SHX SUREDEOH TXH OH GUDLQDJH

DLW

HX OLHX YHUV ORXHVW GRPDLQH HQ YRLH GH VXUUHFWLRQ DLQVL TXH OD GpPRQWUp ( 3DUpMDV

LO

HVW SOXV YUDLVHPEODEOH

GH SHQVHU TXH FHWWH YDOOpH D FRXOp LQLWLDOHPHQW YHUV OHVW UHMRLJQDQWOD YDOOpH GX 5K{QH DORUV UHOLpH DX UpVHDX GX

1RUG

&HSHQGDQW OD UpJLRQ DX ODUJH GH 0HLOOHULH ]RQH D[LDOH GHV PpGLDQHV VDSSUR IRQGLVVDLW FRQWLQXHOOHPHQW VRXV OHIIHW GH VXUFKDUJH LVRVWDWLTXH GHV 3UpDOSHV $

SDUWLU

GX PRPHQW R OD VXEVLGHQFH

IXW

DVVH] DFWLYH SRXU DEDLVVHU OH IRQG PRODVVLTXH VRXV OD FRWH GX VHXLO GH &KkWHO6DLQW'HQLV FHWWH GHUQLqUH YDOOpH GHYLQW VXVSHQGXH /HV HDX[ GX 5K{QH IRUPqUHQW XQ ODF GDQV OD YDOOpH OpPDQLTXH

,O

VDSSURIRQGLW VDQV FHVVH

HW

MRXD

OH U{OH GH QLYHDX GH EDVH HQ FDSWXUDQW SHX j SHX WRXWHV OHV ULYLqUHV YRLVLQHV

HW GHYLQW pJDOHPHQW XQ © SLqJH j VpGLPHQWV ª

(Q PDQLqUH GH FRQFOXVLRQ RQ SHXW FRQFHYRLU TXH

OpYROXWLRQ

GH OD FXYHWWH OpPDQLTXH VH UpVXPH DORUV HQ WURLV SKDVHV

3KDVH 9HQRJH $ /RPEDUG TXL UHSUpVHQWHUDLW XQ GUDLQDJH DQWpQDSSH GRQW QRXV QDYRQV SDV GH YHVWLJHV

3KDVH %UR\p XQ JUDQG FROOHFWHXU pSRXVDQW

ODUF

FKDEODLVLHQ UHVSRQVDEOH GH QRWUH D[H GpURVLRQ SUpOpPDQLTXH

DOODLW

UHMRLQGUH OD YDOOpH GX 5K{QH YHUV OHVW GX ODF HW OH IOHXYH UpVXOWDQW GH FHWWH FRQIOXHQFH UHMRLJQDLW SDU OD GpSUHVVLRQ GH &KkWHO 6DLQW'HQLV OH UpVHDX GX 5KLQ FRPPH OH

IRQW

HQFRUH OHV D[HV GH GUDLQDJH GHV 3UpDOSHV URPDQGHV

,O

QHVW SDV H[FOX TXH FHWWH QRXYHOOH SKDVH GpURVLRQ DLW

EURXLOOp

OHV WUDFHV GX GUDLQDJH DQWpULHXU /HQWDLOOH GH FHWWH YDOOpH SUpOpPDQLTXH HVW SRVWpULHXUH j OD PLVH HQ SODFH GHV QDSSHV PDLV DQWpULHXUH DX VRXOqYHPHQW GX -RUDW

3KDVH

IRUW

GH O(FOXVH OHQIRQFHPHQW PD[LPXP GH OD YDOOpH SUpOpPDQLTXH

VH VLWXH VXU

OD

OLJQH GH SRXVVpH PDMHXUH GHV 3UpDOSHV HW VRXV OHIIHW GH VXUFKDUJH H[HUFpH SDU FHOOHVFL + %DGRX[ 'HV PRXYHPHQWV

WDUGLIV

pOqYHQW OD ]RQH GX -RUDW3qOHULQ HW UHQGHQW LQDFFHVVLEOH OH[XWRLUH

1(

GH OD %UR\p &HV PRXYHPHQWV LQYHUVHV VH SRXUVXLYHQW DSSURIRQGLVVHQW OD GpSUHVVLRQ OpPDQLTXH TXL VH WUDQVIRUPH UDSLGHPHQW HQ ODF /H GUDLQDJH YHUV ORXHVW VHVW pWDEOL SDUFH TXDORUV OH VHXLO GH

ODQWLFOLQDO G<YRLUH

VHVW WURXYp SOXV EDV TXH OH VHXLO GH OD %UR\p 'qV FH PRPHQW OH 5K{QH VDFKHPLQH YHUV OH 6: OH GpILOp GX

IRUW

GH O(FOXVH UHWURXYDQW SUREDEOHPHQW XQ WUqV DQFLHQ H[XWRLUH <

$ULNDQ

&HVW VXU FH SD\VDJH ODFXVWUH TXH VH VRQW DYDQFpV OHV JODFLHUV 1RXV QH VDYRQV ULHQ VXU OKLVWRLUH GHV SUHPLqUHV JODFLDWLRQV /HV LQIRUPDWLRQV VRQWj QRXYHDX YDODEOHV

j

SDUWLU

GH OLQWHUJODFLDLUH 5LVV:UP GRQW RQ FRQQDvW GHQRPEUHX[ WpPRLQV GDQV OD UpJLRQ GH *HQqYH

/HV pOpPHQWV GRQWQRXV GLVSRVRQV SRXU

OLQWHUSUpWDWLRQ

GH

OpYROXWLRQ

TXDWHUQDLUH GX ODF VRQW HQFRUH LQVXIILVDQWV

'HX[ LQWHUSUpWDWLRQV GLIIpUHQWHV PHQWLRQQpHV SDJH SHXYHQW rWUH GRQQpHV

(23)

,17(535e7$7,21 *e2/2*,48(

5DSSHORQVOHV EULqYHPHQW

'DQV OH IRQG GH OD FXYHWWH OpPDQLTXH

OKRUL]RQ

& HVW XQH PRUDLQH ULVVLHQQH RX ZUPLHQQH HW

WRXW

OH UHPSOLVVDJH HVW SRVWJODFLDLUH SURYHQDQW GX ODYDJH GHV PRUDLQHV F{WLqUHV

&HW KRUL]RQ & QHVW SDV GH OD PRUDLQH HW OHV VpGLPHQWV DX IRQGGX ODF SHXYHQW DORUV rWUH EHDXFRXS SOXV DQFLHQV

/HV FDURWWDJHV TXH QRXV HIIHFWXRQV QH GpSDVVDQW SDV P

LO

HVW SRXU OH PRPHQW LPSRVVLEOH GH VH IDLUH XQH LGpH GH OD QDWXUH HW GH OkJH GHV VpGLPHQWV SURIRQGV DLQVL TXH GH OKRUL]RQ &

%,%/,2*5$3+,(

$ULNDQ < (WXGH JpRORJLTXH GH OD FKDvQH GX *UDQG &UHGR9XDFKH $LQ +DXWH6DYRLH )UDQFH 9LFVH &QLY *HQqYH Q %LUNKDVHU %kOH

$XEHUW ' /H -XUD HW OD WHFWRQLTXH GpFRXOHPHQW %X /DqR *pR /DXVDQQH Q /H GpFURFKHPHQW GH 3RQWDUOLHU HW ORURJpQqVH GX -XUD $pP 6RF YRXD 6H QD IDVF Q

%DGRX[ + (VVDL VXU OpYROXWLRQ WHFWRQLTXH GHV 3UpDOSHV PpGLDQHV GX &KDEODLV …H *HR HY YR

%HUVLHU $ 5HFKHUFKHV VXUOD JpRORJLH HW OD VWUDWLJUDSKLH GX -RUDW %X /RL *pR /DXVDQQH

%RFNHO 0 3URMHW GXQH pWXGH GHVSURSULpWpV DFRXVWLTXHVGXIRQG GH OD PHU LQ 2FpDQRJUDSXH JpRRJLJXH HW JpRSW\VAXH UH D M9pFLLHUUDQpH RFFL9HQWDH &156 SS 3DULV FROO

%RXUFDUW - HW & )UDQFLV%°XI /D YDVH +HUPDQQ 3DULV

&URX]HW 3 D (WXGH JpRSK\VLTXH SDU PpWKRGH VLVPLTXH GDQV OHV HDX[ GX ODF /pPDQ &**

%RSSRUL PDQXVFULW

1RXYHDX[ SURFpGpV GH VLVPLTXH PDULQH OH VSDUNHU HW OD JD] H[SORGHU %X WVVR )UDQF HFP %HLURH SS

(GJHUWRQ + ( DQG 2 /HHQKDUGW 7KH ©NQHHª LQ WKH FRQWLQHQWDO VKHOI RII 0RQDFR 6FLHQFH $/DJDVLQH VRXV SUHVVH

)RUHO )$ /H /pPDQ ) 5RXJH /DXVDQQH

*DJQHELQ ( /HV LQYDVLRQV JODFLDLUHV GDQV OH EDVVLQ GX /pPDQ %X /D{ *pR /DXVDQQH WPY Qƒ

*ODQJHDXG / /HV QRXYHOOHV WKpRULHV VXU OD IRUPDWLRQ GX -XUD %X 6HL /LVL QDL 'RXEV

/HV FDUDFWqUHV VWUXFWXUDX[ GX -XUD %X 6RF *pR /!? VpULH W ;,; SS /HV SUREOqPHV GX -XUD 5pXQLRQ H[WUDRUGLQDLUH GDQV OH -XUD IUDQFRVXLVVH %X 6RF

*pR /U VpULH W IDVF

² 2 /HHQKDUGW HW & 6HUUX\D 6WUXFWXUHV HQUHJLVWUpHV SDU OH PXGSHQHWUDWRU GDQV OHV VpGLPHQWV TXDWHUQDLUHV GX /pPDQ &% FOHDU 6HL %DUUL SS

-D\HW $ 1RWLFH H[SOLFDWLYH GH OD IHXLOOH &RSSHW GH OULDY JpRRJ€XH FH D 6XLYUH DX

-RXNRZVN\ ( /D IRUPDWLRQ GX 3HWLW/DF &% 6RF %W\V ULL QDL *HQqYH /D IRUPDWLRQ GX /pPDQ *HR $DJ /;,9 SS

HW - 3 %XIIOH (WXGH VXU OD SDUWLH RFFLGHQWDOH GX ODF GH *HQqYH 0pP 6RF %L\U HL ULL QDL *HQqYH YRO

Références

Documents relatifs

The bounded solutions o/the equation (1.3) are periodic/unctions whose group o/periods contains the support o/ItA. The/ollowing properties o//a are

&amp;HSHQGDQWLOIDXWHQFRUHDJLUGHIDoRQEHDXFRXSSOXVHIILFDFHIDFHDX[EHVRLQVVDQLWDLUHVGHV

GHX[ W\SHV GH IpPXUV OXQ j JUDQG DQJOH ODXWUH j SHWLW DQJOH $ XQ IpPXU j DQJOH GX FRO GpYHORSSp FRUUHVSRQGUDLW SUREDEOHPHQW XQH GLDSK\VH SOXV ORQJXH HW XQ FRO SOXV ORQJ DXVVL $

GHX[ W\SHV GH IpPXUV OXQ j JUDQG DQJOH ODXWUH j SHWLW DQJOH $ XQ IpPXU j DQJOH GX FRO GpYHORSSp FRUUHVSRQGUDLW SUREDEOHPHQW XQH GLDSK\VH SOXV ORQJXH HW XQ FRO SOXV ORQJ DXVVL $

Construire un cercle connaissant son centre et un point, ou son centre et son rayon.Vocabulaire approprié pour décrire les figures planes usuelles : carré, rectangle,

x (WDSH o OH IOXLGH GDQV O¶pWDW HVW PLV HQ FRQWDFW DYHF OH VHFRQG WKHUPRVWDW j OD WHPSpUDWXUH 7 I FH TXL D SRXU HIIHW GH OH UDPHQHU j O¶pWDW. 3RXU XQH 3$&amp; WUDGLWLRQQHOOH GLWH

Por lo tanto, esta versión derivada del CIF para niños y jóvenes amplía la cobertura del volumen principal de la CIF ofreciendo contenido específico y detalles adicionales para

Nous montrons dans ce paragraphe comment on peut adapter les coordonn6es actions-angles ~ une situation off la famille de vari&amp;6s lagrangiennes invariantes