Chapitre 6
CARTES THÉMATIQUES
par Ferjan Ormeling, Pays-Bas
Traduction par Marguerite Corish et Laurence Jolivet Relecture d’harmonisation par Felix de Montety
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6.1 Concepts spatiaux
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6.2 Analyse de données
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6.3 Types de cartes
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Figure 6.1 : Concepts spatiaux (dessin de A.Lurvink) Figure 6.2 : Analyse de données (dessin de A.Lurvink)
Figure 6.3 : Variables graphiques (d’après Kraak & Ormeling, Cartographie, visualisation de données spatiales, 2010)
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6.3.1 Cartes chorochromatiques
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6.3.4 Cartes à isolignes
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6.3.5 Cartes à diagrammes
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(6.6a ) Cartes chorochromatiques (à gauche) et choroplèthes (6.6b)
(6.6c) Carte à symboles proportionnels (à gauche) et carte à isolignes (6.6d)
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(6.6g) Carte de répartition par points (à gauche) et carte avec représentation combinée (6.6h) Figure 6.6 : Types courants de cartes thématiques
Figure 6.7 : Carte des sols : la surabondance de nuances de vert gêne la lisibilité de la carte (Étude des sols aux Pays-Bas)
Figure 6.8 : Répartition des religions. Beaucoup de zones coloriées en vert (indiquant les Musulmans) consistent en déserts peu habités.
9RLUDXVVLODÀJXUH:HVWHUPDQQ9HUODJ'LHUFNH$WODV Figure 6.9 : Taux de chômage de la population active aux Pays-Bas, 1980. (Ormeling et Van Elzakker 1981)
Figure 6.10 : Chiffres en valeur absolue des chômeurs aux Pays-Bas en 1980. (Ormeling & Van Elzakker, 1981)
Figure 6.11 : Schéma de construction d’une carte à isolignes (d’après Kraak &
Ormeling, Cartographie, visualisation de données spatiales, 2010)
Figure 6.12 : L’emploi dans divers types d’industries manufacturières à Hambourg, présenté par des diagrammes en secteurs (Deutscher Planuingsatlas, Hambourg, 1970)
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Figure 6.15 : Évolution des surfaces cultivées de maïs, 1978-1982 (© US Bureau of the Census)
Figure 6.16 : Répartition de la population en Slovaquie. Le rouge représente les citoyens de langue slovaque, le vert les citoyens de langue hongroise. Atlas
national de Slovaquie, 1980
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6.3.7 Cartes de répartition par points
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6.3.8 Cartes avec représentation combinée
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6.4 Catégories de cartes
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Figure 6.17 : Détail d’une carte économique de l’Inde et du Bangladesh.
(© Ernst Klett Verlag GmbH)
Figure 6.18 : Carte ethnographique des Balkans en 1877
Figure 6.19 : Risques posés par les centrales nucléaires
Figure 6.20 : L’impact de la circulation sur l’environnement, extrait de l’Atlas mondial des Ressources et de l’Environnement. Académie des
Sciences russe. (©Ed.Hôlzel, 1998)
Figure 6.21 : Les derniers jours de La Commune à Paris en 1871.
Haack Atlas zur Geschichte, 1970
Figure 6.22 : Répartition des religions en Europe aux alentours de 1550.
(Geschiedenisatlasmavo havo vwo, Meulenhoff 1979)
Figure 6.23 : Légende d’une carte d’utilisation du sol à Chypre
Figure 6.24 : Volume et nature de la production agricole dans les républiques d’Allemagne pour l’année 1966
Figure 6.25 : Carte d’aménagement du territoire Figure 6.26 : Carte indiquant la densité résidentielle en RDA.
Les carrés mesurent 10x10 km
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6.6 Cartes analytiques et synthétiques
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66 CFC (N°221- Septembre 2014) Figure 6.27 : Cartes manuscrites de l’auteur indiquant les débits
des cours d’eau (en haut) et les précipitations servant de base jODFDUWHSRXUODÀJXUH
Figure 6.28 : Carte hydrographique (produite pour le manuel de l’ACI)
Figure 6.29 : Résultat avec données agrégées. Atlas national de Norvège
Figure 6.30 : Carte synthétique qui réunit WRXVOHVDVSHFWVVLJQLÀFDWLIVG·XQVXMHW (Annuaire cartographique international, 1967)
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Figure 6.31 : Carte des victimes du choléra à Londres (Snow, 1854)
Bibliographie
Jacques BertinSemiology of Graphics5HGODQGV(VUL3UHVV
Steven JohnsonThe Ghost Map. The story of London’s Most terrifying Epidemic – and how it Changed Science, Cities and the Modern World/RQGRQ5LYHUKHDG3XEOLVKHUV
Arthur Robinson,´7KHWKHPDWLFPDSVRI &KDUOHV-RVHSK0LQDUGµImago MundiYROS
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