Article
Reference
Analysis of the Parareal Time-Parallel Time-Integration method
GANDER, Martin Jakob, VANDEWALLE, Stefan
Abstract
The parareal algorithm is a method to solve time-dependent problems parallel in time: it approximates parts of the solution later in time simultaneously to parts of the solution earlier in time. In this paper the relation of the parareal algorithm to space-time multigrid and multiple shooting methods is first briefly discussed. The focus of the paper is on new convergence results that show superlinear convergence of the algorithm when used on bounded time intervals, and linear convergence for unbounded intervals.
GANDER, Martin Jakob, VANDEWALLE, Stefan. Analysis of the Parareal Time-Parallel Time-Integration method. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing , 2007, vol. 29, no. 2, p.
556-578
Available at:
http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:6312
Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.
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1 1
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0 1 1 4
0 = 1 4
Q
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−20
−10 0 10 20 30 40
t
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 −15 10 −10 10 −5 10 0
t
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 10 −10
10 −8 10 −6 10 −4 10 −2 10 0 10 2
Error, L2 in x, Linf in t
iteration
' ) %"5S0 ) 78)f %('*) 3S<U9 -) P+ 9 + )fs9&) 0S<B%"-/3
.
BD.8. 1 C. L"N 1 #
.5 M 7 1 " LN85 7
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9CVJNmKsVJIV T *gN LKsV T;L*gVJIVJN % V T@L"%JIV K L. GUK L&bNW
0 1
(
G% * GJITS}W~VJI LN KML$ VJ
0 1 1
0 = 1
Q
0 0.2
0.4 0.6
0.8
1 0
0.05 0.1
−1
−0.5 0 0.5 1
t x
solution
+ )fs9&) 0S<B%"-/3 56-/3 )f+ ) 3C5]) :):A 0 %"-)
0 5 10 15
10 −14 10 −12 10 −10 10 −8 10 −6 10 −4 10 −2 10 0
iteration
error
T=4, 400 proc
T=1, 100 proc
T=0.25, 25 proc
T=0.17, 17 proc
T=0.1, 10 proc
-/3 )f+ ) 3C5]) -) <BAC) )]0S< 0S<=%-/3
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0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.4
−0.2 0 0.2 0.4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.4
−0.2 0 0.2 0.4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.4
−0.2 0 0.2 0.4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.4
−0.2 0 0.2 0.4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.4
−0.2 0 0.2 0.4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.4
−0.2 0 0.2 0.4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.4
−0.2 0 0.2 0.4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0
0.5 1
1.5 0 0.5 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0 0.5
1 1.5
−0.2 0 0.2
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 −16
10 −14 10 −12 10 −10 10 −8 10 −6 10 −4 10 −2 10 0 10 2 10 4
iteration
Error
Superlinear bound
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4
−0.5 0 0.5 1
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4
−0.2 0 0.2
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4
−0.05 0 0.05
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4
−0.02 0 0.02
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4
−4
−2 0 2
x 10 −3
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4 0 5 10
x 10 −4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4
−2
−1 0 1
x 10 −4
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.5 −1 0.4
0 1
x t
u
0 1 2 3 4
0.1 0 0.3 0.2
0.5 0.4
−3
−2
−1 0 1
x 10 −5
x t
error
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 −6
10 −5 10 −4 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4
iteration
Error
Superlinear bound
<BAC) . 7 7 %5]0g<=%- 3g9 0 3CD )@9 #<U9 -/34 0 l0f)S0
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