• Aucun résultat trouvé

Accelerated Fatigue Testing Methodology of Luminaires on Electro-Dynamic Shaker

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Accelerated Fatigue Testing Methodology of Luminaires on Electro-Dynamic Shaker"

Copied!
10
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

(2) 

(3) 

(4)   !

(5) "###$&%'#$( ) +*, - .#/01

(6) # 2435%4 -*,76" -8& :9 VXWZY!V[]\]‚]^`_bƒ adnbcf„=eG^`gf^|h&hji=kocfnwi:hSk:;=q ƒ lm<?nbko{E>AnbadhZnb@CeGvx^ BEpr^| DGi=qsFIcfH†J?eG^`KLgf‡`ˆh-<NM!‰fguŠb<Pt‹ŒOWCyLeGCQSawŽoRGvZDGŽoqbFUŽ1eGTCvx~@Cadnw^fR isnd€ yXnwzLyIhZˆ^|{fnbnb as^|iwvx^|eG„ }gutX~^fnd€ nwy ! M P < A > C @ m B ] T G D G R G R  ‘ vZ‘ n:[Uko’Sn›“ Y ‚•gf” hjy?i›WUœfqy]ƒ CaŽonE– ŽokoŽ1nba~—˜^fnd€adgfnwvEyI™šˆ—?nb ld“ ^|vx„ >A@CBEfž˜JPŸC S UŸ ¡ ¢£m¤m¥f¦j§¤ ¨Å]ªs©j¸fªdÆ« ¬j½Ç­¯¸®d¬Z°jÀ±m« ª=Èɲ « « ¬Z³´±bÀÊ®d« ¸µ¶ªd±o±·I½b² ¾o©jµ¶µ¶µ¶« ¬Z¾o¸¬Ê« ªd±E¹º¹:¾o©j¸ªsªd½b±±E¹=¹º©j¾»x³X¼u±Eýw« ®:»jªs®d¸f¾ ®d« ±b¾o¿j¬½b« ³´®s¾o¸fª®d« ¹u¾o®d¬Zªd¹›±m±b« ®u¬ZËÀx² «©Z­o½b°±E®dÀ&« ¬j»­ÂÁ¹u®d®dªd°j©Z±m½w« ª:®d©j±mªd¬±EùmÄÍ« ªd¾oÌZ¬j¸fµ¶®d« ±m­o¬©j®E± Ä ±bÏ ÎS¾o±E² ± ½w®sµ¶¹r¾o¾©j³•¬² ¾o®d¬j±EÀ­ ®d² ©j« µ¶µ¶±« ¬Z¸¸µ:« ªd»j±E«¹m±mÄ ¬®rë »jªs¸f®d« ¾o¬¸ªd±É®d°j±X² ±E¸oÀx« ¬j­:½m¸©Z¹º±¾³]¹u®dªd©Z½w®d©jªs¸²j³`¸« ² ©jªd±E¹?³´¾oªP¾o©x®sÀx¾¾oª Ř½m¸°j¬¯± ¹º½b© ¾oÏj¬ZÏ ½b¾o±mªºªd®Ð¬š®d°j¾³ ±:µ1ë ¸»j¬ªs¸f©x®d³`«¸o¾o½w¬Ç®d©j±mªd¬±mês¹¶« ªd¾o«N¹1¬jµ¶®d¾&±m¬®d®Ð±E¹u±b® ¿ Ï Ï ±Eªd½w¾®d®d±E¾À®uÁ « Ϭ¯±¯¹º±mÀxªd±Eùº«N« ½b­o±›¬Z¹1ÈÉ«« ®d¬Í°j¾o¾o©xªs®Àx±m»Cª¶±m«®d¬j¾­!ÀxÀj±b¸®dµ1±mªd¸µ¶­o« ±E¬jÀU±¯Ä˜« Ñr³®®d°j®d°j±mÁ± ®dÏÔÕ¬¯°Zªd±E¸f½b¹º®É¾o±m®dµ¬°j®˜Ï±›®d¸«½sªdµ¶°j«N¹º¾o±o¾o«N·Z½b¬Ò±ÈÉ©Z¾¸«³L®d² «°Ç¾oÓC¬j½m®d± ¸f°j®d±:ªs« ¸f¾o½b®d¬¾o°jµ¶±m®d±Eªrµ¶¹u®d®s¾o°Z¹Ð¬¸¸¬ªd¹u±®s¸¸¬jÏ ¬Z¾±mÀj®dªº¸°j³´¾oªs±mÀjªdªÉµ¶¹m«N·¹˜±E®dÀ!°j¬j±:¾¸o®Ð½m¸o½bÈrÀx¾oÃf±mªs¸²Àx•¬« ¬jÀx®s¸­›±b­oÓZ®d±X¬j¾±E¾ÀU¹u³®sÄ ¸®d°j¬Z±›Àj¸Àxªs±mÀjÃo¹r±m²¾¾ ³LÏ Ãf±E¸À!ªdÁµ¶« ¬j±b­¶®d°j¹º¾x±mÀxÃo¾o±m²ªd¾o« ®u­oÁÁ¹º«N¾ ¹ ®d®d°Z°j± ¸f®Ð« ¬« ®Ð®d±m±m­o¬Zªd¸« ®u»jÁ² ±E¾¹P³]®d®d°j°j± ±›µ1¹u®d¸ªd¬©Z©x½w®d³`¸o©j½wªd®d± ©jÀxªd±m©jªrªd« ®d¬j¾¶­¾ ¸Ï ² ®dU« «µ¶®s¹É«N¹º² ±« ³´±b®d®d°j« ±µ¶² ±o©jÄ µ¶« ¬Z¸« ªd±E¹ÉÀx±E¹º« ­o¬Ç¸o¹r« ®¸² ¾fÈйP®d¾¶­o©Z¸ªs¸¬®d±m± Ö nb}f×PgfadkŒi=Ø vx„=^|hScf^|adnwy?i ƒ cEÙonbasy˜coqsqsnb nbadcfeÕnsktbcfeG^ vZn›eÕnwiweG^|h Ú Û•Ü=ÝÞIßà¯áÇârÝIãbß=Ü ëwä›êŒæçjåUòwôëbæì´ï]óUçxúU÷ èSëbéwì´çxæóUîÐêŒ÷ëbõ´ì|ú•ëbíxåUô¯ææ:çxì´ó•òwî]ïðxëbì|æåUñbêŒæXæëwòXñmï]ðxè]ðõ•ðxïñbòwæfææñ˜òwöïì´òPçjçjëwóÊó•ç=òwð æ ï•ñbçxôæîIòwçSëbæöUåUóZææ›ë˜õ?ð¶ïçxçjêŒî˜õ|çjæEëbôýCåUõ´æï]ú•õ|ô¯íSæfì|ëwè•ì´æó•ñmðxôðì|ëbñbæfì|æçjëbåUó$òwçSøSæöUòwóZëwçjæíSõ|ôþçxì|ñb÷xçjøëwó•çëwôç1ñmðxæöUóZó•æfëföUëwû çjæfôÿñmä›ô¯åUæ ì´æóUUêü]æXfì|ñmðxëbòwðêfë:ëbêŒì|æòwçjëwõ|ó•æfæfñmïÊòÐðëbëwêŒð æçjSöÇó•ì´óUòbîùðì´÷òwëbëbì|ì´ò=÷jóZúUëwì´óçæ ëbçxðxåUñêfêŒæ ö•çjöUú•ì´òbæŒóZòbüLëÇì|ï]ó•ëbðì|åUëbëbì|ì|æÂçjíxóšæ æ çxö•æî ðxêŒô¯ëbæ òCðú•÷xçxì|æ&î›íðxëbòwõ|úUïæñbó•æè]êŒêŒú•ëwæ¯ñmõ|æú•êŒóZô&ñmëì|ëwûšæf:ñmäPì´ì´ó•ð çšö4!êmðxåUô¯ó•çCöðçjUìòwÉæ-´ô¯çjëbóðåUÍñæ-bôðæñmòwçjô¯ïòwëçjðxó•ó4ðòwï•æ¯íxï•çxòwñbñbïçxëbæï•ì´êŒêŒñmæëwì´ñmðòfú•ëwûÍæÂô ä›êŒPåUñmîùì|æ-ðëwæfëbòwñmì|÷jæì|çjêŒúUçjó æ ó•˜ö•öëbðxåUòwô¯æ-ëwæfðì´ï+öU÷xæ-æöUóZòwæëbïðxìNüLæõ´ò êfêŒðëw:ñmëbú•ì|ì|çjëbô åó çjðxòwïó•óAæö êŒðxëwSóAñmóUú•çxç ô ï•:ëbõ|ì´çxæô¯öUî ÷xì´ëbòbæ=åUðæ ëbçxì|î?çjëwæîùóÍðxòwì´ëï•õ´úUñbëwçSñbçÊæ›êŒæèï•òbæñbò çSÉïêŒô¯æfæñbòbì´îGòwó•çxæì´ñmòô¯ôðì´æñbòwæ=öæò¶çxì´ó4î?ëbåUï•õ´æ-ñmðì´èö•ôçxì æ:ñmðæfì´ëwñbôçxæïó•ñbøxêŒçxû&æ ñbëbä›èðxó•æfåUëêŒæ XæxûæföUææ˜óAòbì´ì|ó•÷jëbðxóÍåUõ´æ õ|íø ðCñbæfñmðxîGì´ó-ðæfñbè]ì|æëwõ|ó•ææfòñmêŒðæ-çxëbîì|òwíxïëbæ¶æåUêŒôæ ëwñmæfçxú•ëbï•åUô ëbçSì´ô¯ö ðxCó•ì´òbè]ö4ððxëbëbòwì|çjæåUöó æ ï•ñbçSêŒæòbò›êfðxó$èæ¶ëbåUæëºøCïæ1çxî˜æ Uêfì|ëbðëbì|çjó •ëbåUæëwæòwë:ö•úUñmðëbì|çjó-çxñ›ëbåUæðxôï]õ´ì|ëbú•öUæ¶õ|æfíxæõ´òfû . . .

(7). .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ! "#%$"&$(')#%*+! " ,-./$(/102134 57678:9<; *#(=$ /$>#@?@#%AB-CD?FEG57HI J%$@KL'NM M AAB.O3@$PB! AB.O'N./QJ%$FRF.! S$>#%"&! JT21AN,VUW!Y$X PB$ Z ! J%! .+J%$F, #'N[Q$ Z AN#%\]AN,VJ%$F#%$"&$(')#%*O*AB. S$.J%! AB. ^ _`! #%"GJG4abA*>J%AN#')J5c.J&#%$C#%! "&$.d(eBe f)g)hf)iBi^ j k 67AN#&#%$"&CAB./! .P1'N-J%AN#(j75`4[1'N! Mclm_7j nO')#%! .oF-M Pj 'N*Bj 0$Bj. p.

(8) !âÐãsÝXÝIãbß=Ü ß •ÝÞ ˜Ý

(9) mã=ÝIãmÜ•ÝÞ?áÇârÝIáÇÞ . ›äòbúUåUèSæ!éwæçxêŒèSëXéwëwæçÇêŒë1ñmðxçxó•îöUëbçjå•ô ì´ò›ü]ðæfñmñbòwçSë¶öUòwøSëwæfó•ïðxô¯ì´ò=ì´ê›ëwç&æ UêêŒfçjì|ôëbðï]ëbì|úUçjëwó•æÇòëbGåUëwæñmðöUÂøSê=ó•ðxæ ô¯æì´êŒêë ñbì´æòXòwïóUçxçjëó•òwëbæð xçxæîó&ëbåUì´óZæÇëwçÇïçjðxõ|êfæEêŒýCçjõ´ú•ú•óZô¯ëì´mó•ûXðxä›ì|ñbåUææ=òwô¯øSòwðëwæëbåô  æðxô¯òbòbðú•ëbôì´êfï•ðxëbõ]ì|çjôó•çSòöUñbææõUõ´ðú•ëwòwææö&öëwîGç¯çxñÐëbëbåUåUææ:ôòbì´çSô!öUú•æõ´õ´ðõ´ì´ëbóUì|çj÷!óðñbì´òÉæõ´ëbì´óUåUææðîGñÐçjðxõ´õ|ó•ç :öì´è]óUðx÷ òwæöçjó¯ëbåUæüLó•ì|ëwæ æõ|æôæóZëôæfëbåUçSö !uûÉä›åUæ " ëbåUæïçjõ|æ¶èæå•ðíxæò:ðxò:ðèæðx$ô # " ëbêŒåUæóZæëwõ´æfú•ñ=ô¯çxì´îró•÷xðxñmì|ðñbæ=íSì|ì´ëºò øxûêŒçjó•òbì´öUæfñbæö$ðxò›ðñmì|÷jì´öÂèçSöUøÂðxó•ö$ì´ò ôçSöUæõ´õ|æö-èCø-ð¯êŒçjó•êŒæóZëwñmðëwæöÊô¯ðxòbò›ðë:ì|ëbò ä›òwëwåUñmú•æ êŒïëbúUçjñbõ|æEæýCðõ´ú•ñbæô¯÷xì´ó•çoíxðxæfì|ñbñmæóUæòwö$øSòwèCëwæøÂô ëbåUì´æò!ö•öUì æòbæfêŒñbñmæì|èóZëbæì´ö4ðxõðxæ ò!Cú•òbåUðçëb:ì|çjóó$òwì´óøSòw˜ëwæì|ô%÷Uû '&C:û (åUmûæfñbæÂëbåUæÂõ´ì´óUæðñ!íSì|è•ñmðëbì|çjó•ò1çxî›ëbåUæ )+,.* -0/2.1, -435,$687 '&Cû ( . . . . . . . . p.

(10). p. p. ùð9. Gè. ˜ì|÷júUñbæ ;:Cëwñmú•êŒëbúUñmðxõIð Sæòfûùð9<Xçjô¯ôçjó$òwøSòwëwæô$#=Gè ˜ì´ó•ì|ëwæ¶æõ|æôæóZë:ôçSöUæõÕû ) / ðxó•ö 3 ðñbæÂñbæòwïæêŒëbì|íxæõ|øëbåUæ-ô¯ðxòbò Ðö•ðxôï]ì´óU÷ðxó•öòwëbì IóUæòbò!ô¯ðëwñmì´êŒæòfûÍä›åUæÂõ´ðxòwë!çjóUæ-ì´òëbåUæ òbòwëwú•ñmô ú•êŒëbçxúUî ñmëbðxåUõSæÂð Sæòwëwñmò ú•jêŒëbëbåUúUæ ñmö•ðxì´õòwï]ðxó•õ´ðxö4êŒæ÷xôæfçjæôóZë˜æfðxëwñmó•ì´ö!êÂîGòwçxëbñmì IêŒæ óUðxæòbêŒòëbì´óUô¯÷¶ðçjëwñmóÇì´êŒææðxò>êmå¯ (!öUuûæf÷xä›ñbæfåUæ æ çxíxî]æîGêŒñbëwæfçxæñmöUò çjô , çxðxî]ó•ëbö åUæX7 üLñbó•æfì|ï•ëwñbæXææòwõ|ææóZôë ÉæóZì´ó ë ôçSöUæõÕû ? ó•êŒæ!ëbåUæÇì´ó•öUæfïæó•ö•ðxóZë›ñmðxó•öUçjô ðæfñbçSöUøSó•ðxô¯ì´êæ Uêfì|ëbðëbì|çjó•ò¶ðñbæ SóUç :ó LëbåUæÇòbúUï•ïçjòwæö$æõ´ðxòwëbì´ê!õ´ì´óUæðñ è @æ!uå•ûðAdíSîCì|çjB-úUì´ñÐò¶çxð-îëbñbåUæòwæ=ïòwçjëwó•ñmú•òwæ êŒëbCúUú•ñbæ ðxóZæëbðxì|òbëºì´ø4õ|øGæxðxû õ´÷Uõ|ç ûð&ëwòwç!ëwñbòwæçjòbõ|íxò1æ:êŒçjòwæfôï]ïðñmçjðóUëwææóZõ|øë¶çxëbåUñæ›ð&ï•ö•ñbçxì´òwè]ï]õ|õ´æðxô¯êŒæòÉôì´óæóZëbëåU:æ:õ´îGì´ñbóUæ æCðúUñmæõ|ø&ó•êŒñbøæõ´öUðçjëwæô¯öšðxëwì´óç ëbZ åUKNæ¯[ ô\]VTVçS^ö•ðx_VELõÉOðxZaô` ï]õ´îùì|ú•ëbú•ó•öUêŒëbæì|ò çjó&DÊêfçxðxîó$ð$èòwæ1ëwñmêŒú•çjêŒôëbúUï]ñbúUæÇëwææ öSïðxçjêfòwêŒæçxöÍñmö•ëwì´çóU÷ðÂëwü]ç¯æëbõ´öšåUæçxîGîXçjñmõ´õ|ðxç ó•:öUì´çjóUô ÷ÇòwîGëwçxæfñmï]êŒFòæò  r˜ì|ì|ëb÷UFò û &bEH GJILKNMOQPRKSUTVMXWJY " êŒðxçjó•ôö&ï]ëbúUåUëwææ:ôëbåUçSæ:öUæôòbçSå•ö•ððxïõUæ1æ Uêô¯fðì|ëbëwðñmëbì jiì|çj>óF#ELO Z ô¯ðëwñmì dcFeagf;˜îGñbçjô ëbåUæ:æ Uêfì|ëbðëbì|çj>ó ELO Z ô¯ðëwñmì dcFh gf; " êŒðxçjó•ôö&ï]ëbúUåUëwææôëbåUçSæ!ö•ðxôõçSëwñmö•ðxðxó•õIòwñbîGææfñ:òwïô¯çjó•ðòwëwæñmì >nELOoZ gf;ô¯p# ðëwñmì kcl gf;îGñbçjô ëbåUææ Uêfì|ëbðëbì|çjmó ELO Z ô¯ðëwñmì kcFh gf; " êŒçjôï]úUëwæëbåUæñbæòwïçjó•òwæ ELO Z îùú•ó•êŒëbì|çjó qLrQgf;mû s ò›çjóUæêfðxóòwæfæ ]ëbåUæï•ñbçSêŒæö•úUñbæ1ì´ò›êŒçjôï]úUëbðëbì|çjó•ðxõ´õ|ø-òbì´ôï]õ|æ1ðxò:òwçCçjóðxò›ëbåUæ!ö•ðxôï]ì´óU÷ö•ðëbð ]ëwñmðxó•òwîGæfñ ô¯ôçjðëwòwñmë:ì $ðö•tì Âñbêfæ!ú•ðõ|íëXðxçjì´óUõ´ðæè]îGõ|çxæñ:ðxôó•ö$çjòwëbë›åUï]æåZæ øSUêòbfì´ì|êfëbðxðõëbì|ï•çjñbóÊçxè]å•õ|ðxæò:ô¯èòfûæfæóöUæŒüLóUæöIûä›å•ì´ò›õ´ðëwëwæfñ=ïçjì´óZë›ëbúUñmó•ò›çjúUë:ëwç èæëbåUæ . p. . . .  . . . . . . .  . .

(11).

(12). .  G. . . . +. . . . . . . . . . `. .

(13) Damping data C. Finite Element modelling of the structure. Modelling of the excitation process. Modal properties X. Excitation PSD FF(w). Modal Transfer matrix H(w). Modal excitation p = XT f FP(w) = XT FF(w) X. Modal response Y(w) = H(w) P(w) Fy(w) = H(w) FP(w) H*(w) Modal compoents of the response b r = bT y with x = X y Response Fr(w) = bT Fy(w) b. ˜ì|÷júUñbæ& ;:CïæêŒëwñmðxõIðxó•ðxõ|øSòbì´òfû . . .  

(14) 

(15) 

(16)  "!. bëçj# åUó4ææ ðð$ñ:ïëbì´ó•åUæfñmöÍæÇì|çS÷xîGöÍñbñbæ çjCçxú•úUîó•æëbö ó•ì´?ôêŒðÂøæ èö•çxçjì´îòwú•ëwçjó•ñmóUì|ö•è]æÂðúUñbô¯ëbø$ì|çjì´óCõ´óšðúUøxëwñbæfææfñíx:æì´ò¶ðxå•õ´ô¯ì´ò!êmåðxëbì´å•ó•êŒðçxõ|ëø$ñbñbðx÷xæóAæòwïóUì´çjæfôñmó•ðïö•ëwçxò1æñböÍëwëbçðxèCóZøëbëúUëbñbï]åUè]ðæÇú•ñbëõ|îGæñmçxóZì´êŒî›ëëbëbì|ôçjåUóÊçoæÂíxîGææçxóUôñmæfêŒæñbæóZ÷xòfëbø4ûÇòfûjä›ì´ò!åUAdêŒî æçjçjó•ðxóUó•êŒæ æðxóZõ|öUøSëwæŒñmòbüLðì´ò:ëwóUææçxö òî :ëbåUì´æ-ó•öÇì´ó•ñbòwæëbõ´ðxðóZëbì|ëbíxðxæ:óUæfð çjSæú•òò!Còwñbïæfï•æfæñböAæòwæðóZë!ëwæëbì´ö ôì´æ ó¯ë!òwëwîGñmçxú•ñêŒëbðúUñmïðxçjõ•ì´ðóZSæëïAòèCçxøÇî›ëbëbåUåUæ:æ-%ð òw$ï]ì´ðxô!êŒúUæ-ëbô¯å ð'&)ø(Nè˜æ ðxó•ñbö¯æfï•æñbõ|ææfòwíæðóZëbëwì|æçjö4ó èC'&+ø*(˜ëbåUðxæÂóU÷jòbõ|ú•æô ò çxî ëbåUæÂôæðxó :ì´ó•öšíxæõ|çSêfì|ëºø4ðxó•öçxî›ðòwëwçSêmå•ðxòwëbì´ê¯ï•ñbçSêŒæòbò :å•ì´êmåÍñbæfï•ñbæòwæóZëbòëbåUæÂðxõ|çjóU÷ :ì´ó•öÍòwïæfæö , ú•êŒëbú•ðëbì|çjó•ò ðñbçjú•ó•ö$ì|ëbò›ôæðxó&íðxõ´úUæxû -  .0/1 632  .  - 254  .0/1 '&Cû &b Adî:ëbåUæ&ôæðxó :ì´ó•öAòwïæfæöì´òü Sæö ÐçjóUæ&çxè•ëbðxì´ó•òÇðÍòbåUçxñbëÇëwæfñmô ôçSöUæõXçxî=ëbåUæ&ì´ó•òwëbðxóZëbðxóUæfçjú•òòwïæfæö :ðxòrå•òwì´ëbêmðåÂëbì|ðxçjêfó•êŒðçjñbú•øóZëbçjò›ó!îGð›çxñïëbæfåUñmì|æ çSö1, ú•çxêŒîUëbëbú•ì´ôðëbæXì|çjä ó•òoçxö•î•úUðæ=èëwçjçúUëPëbåUëwææ1ó!ðô¯ëbôì´óCçjúUòwï]ëwæåUò æfñmì´ì´òPê:öUëbæŒúUüLñbóUè]æú•öõ|æèCó•øêŒæxì|ëbû˜ò ä›EHå•GJì´òILï•KNMCñbçSOQêŒPRæKòbSUò TVMXêŒWJçjY ó•Z òbì´KNöU[ æf\ñb]VæTVö ^ ô¯ðëwñmì  @(!uûä›åUæ1ëbúUñbè]ú•õ|æóZë :ì´ó•ö-ôçSöUæõIú•òwæö$ì´ó-ëbå•ì´ò òwëbú•öUø-ì´òè]ðxòwæö&çjó Z W%6QKN[JP GJMNT87 ò:òwïæêŒëwñmú•ô  &!uû BBG * * q9;:<9>=9gf; 6@25?C%A 22 D (;f B  F EHJE ILBBKNM G   * !PORQTS æ Sï U &WV f 2 (;BYXZ[ \ C U \ D [  '&Cû b - HJILKNM :ì|ëb^å ]`_ fa_ -cb ðxó•eö d C=632 4Cgf 25C û h Cú•ðëbì|çjó '&Cû b›öUæfïæó•ö•òçjó$ëbåUæñbçjúU÷jå•óUæòbò çxî˜ëbåUæ÷xñbçjú•ó• ö   LëbåUæñbæfîGæfñbæó•êŒæôæfëwæfçxñbçjõ|çx÷jì´êfðxõròwïæfæö  2 (;B(1ôæðxòbúUñbæö4ðë i]Êô ðèçoíxæÂëbåUæ ÷xñbçjú•ó•ö PëbåUæ :ì´ó•öôæAðxóíxæõ|çSêfì|ëºø  25C 1öUæfïæó•ö•ì´óU÷-çjó4ëbåUæÂðxtõ  ëbêŒì|çxëbñbú•ñböUææ!õ´ðëbçxì|îçjó-ïçjêŒì´çjóZó•ë¶òwìaëbðx @óZ!ë I ëbåUæÇï]ðxú•ó•õ´öÂòbðçxëbì|îPçjëbó4åUæ1gf;ö•=ì´òwðxëbó•ðxó•öšêŒð-æ=èëwæfæfñmë ôXæfæçxó&îòwë ï]Xðçëbì´ïðxçjõ˜ì´êŒóZçjëbåUòXæfìñbðxæó•ó•êŒöæéîùðxú•õ|ó•çjêŒóUëb÷Çì|çjëbóåUæ¶çxîíxæfëbåUñbëbæÇì´êfíxðxæfõIñbðëbì´Uìêf´ðxòfõû XZ j åUæó-ðÇòwëwñmú•êŒëbúUñbæ=ì´òòbúUèSéwæêŒëXëwç :ì´ó•ö¯æ æêŒë •ðæfñbçSöUøSó•ðxô¯ì´ê:îGçxñmêŒæò ðñbæ=÷xæóUæfñmðëwæöI û AsóÂëbå•ì´òXðï•ï•ñbçjðxêmå çjóUó•çxë›õ|øï•ëbñbåUçSæ¶ö•ú•æ êŒæ¶æêŒíSëì|è•çxñmî?ðëbëbåUì|çjæ ó•:òmì´ó•û ö òwïæfæö ëbúUñbè]ú•õ|æóZëXêŒçjôïçjóUæóZëì´òXêŒçjó•òbì´öUæfñbækö GëbåUæ1òwëbðëbì´ê=êŒçjôïçjóUæóZë öUçCæò . .

(17). . . . . . . . . . c. . . . D. . . . . p. .

(18). N. p %. .  . . . O. . . . . .

(19) AdîrçjóUæðxòbòbú•ôæò ëbå•ðë " ëbåUæòwëwñmú•êŒëbúUñbæöUçCæò›óUçxë›ôçSö•ì|îGø ëbåUæì´ó•êfì´öUæóZëXëbúUñbè]ú•õ|æóZë , ç# " ëbåUæðæfñbçSöUøSó•ðxô¯ì´ê¶êŒçCæN êfì|æóZëbò:çxîrëbåUæòwëwñmú•êŒëbúUñbæðñbæôæðxòbúUñbæö$ì´ó-ëbåUæòwëbðëbì|çjó•ðñbø , ç 2  . p# "  2 4 *    2 * p# ëbçxåUè•æ ëbðx:ì´óUì´æó•ö&öAîGì´ñbó•çjòwô0ëbðxæ óZ

(20) Cëbðxú•óUðæfëbçjì|çjú•ó ò!'íxC& æû õ|bçSêfèCì|ëºø-øì´êfóZðxëwóñbçSö•èú•æ-êfõ´ì´ì´óUóU÷!æðëbñmåUì´æòwæï•ö4ñbçðxüLó•õ|öAæ1ðëbåUæfñbæçSöUELøSO ó•Z ðxô¯ô¯ì´ê¶ðëwï•ñmñbì4ççxïxæfî:ñbëbîGì|çxæñmò

(21) êŒæ ò> c%!    @! (g f;ì´ò C ? c  gf; 6 C D q 9;:<9>=9gf; 'C& û ?   C  6 2 C**   C X :   K  îGçxñmêŒæêŒçCæN êfì|æóZë C  6 2 C  - C X :   K  ëwçxñN

(22) CúUæêŒçCæN êfì|æóZë : :åUæfñbæ  ì´ò:ëbåUæðxì|ñ¶öUæó•òbì|ëºø C ðxó•ö - C ðñbæ!ëbåUæÇðñbæð-ðxó•öíxçjõ´ú•ôæÇðxòbòwçSêfì´ðëwæö :ì|ëbåïçjì´óZë=ì& X ðxó•ö : ðñbæëbåUæðæfñbçSöUøSó•ðxô¯ì´ê¶îGçxñmêŒæðxó•ö&ëwçxñN

(23) CúUæêŒçCæN  f ê | ì  æ Z ó b ë : ò  ð : ë Õ ì û X  

(24)  Y  J"!#$J&%'$J)(0J5

(25) F &*. ;. òUçxñæðAêŒçjï]ó•ðöñbëbëºì´øCêfïú•æÂõ´ðçxñÂî:ñmæðUêëwæÍfì|ëbçxðî ëbì|, çjçó+ì´¶ó•ö•êmå•ú•ðêŒñmæðxö4êŒëwèCæføñmì´òwëbæåUö æ :èCø ì´ó•ì|öAëbò,ì´ò!+HëbKNåU^Jæ-[ GJðxY.êŒ-ëb\4ì|çjóóCú•çxôî:èëbæfåUñæ 0/2ð 1Nx æ&=íxçjçxóñbëbëbì´åUêŒæ&æò$òwëwðñmñbú•æÍêŒëbòbúUåUñbææxö û w îGëbì´óšçxåUñmæ¯êŒëbåUæú•ò¶æ ó•ö•öUúUæfð ñmæ!xòwæÂëbëwðxç ì´ó•ó•:ö•ö•ì´ì´ú•óUó•êf÷Âö$ì´óUçxëb÷ÂúUîXñbëbðxè]åUêŒú•æ¯ñbõ|çjæï]òbó•òdåZýêŒøSæ!:òbì´òwì´êfó•æfðxæöšõ˜ô íSôì|ëwè•æç-êmñmå•ðèðxëbæì|ó•çjì´ï•ó•òbñbôò=æö•çjçxóÍì´êŒî ëbëbðåUè]ðæ¯õ|xæ ïæ :çjæ õ|ì|UêæEëbýCfå$õ´ì|ú•ëbñbðô¯æëbðxì|ì´çjòwó•çjóðxó•ì|ñbå•ðæè]ðxò1õ|òwæÇøSï•òwðxñbëwêfçoæêfíxô&úUæñmöû ðxêŒj ëwøÊç$å•ðxèì´ó•õ|ææ öšô!, òbú•ú•ì´ôêŒêmëbåï]ú•õ´ðôì´êfëbçxì´ì|óUëºñbø ÷æ îùêŒELðxçjO ì|ôñmZ õ|ï]øÊõ|çxæú•î Íðó•ð,êŒxæfó•7¶ñböëbðxðxú•ì´ëbóIåUòbòbûÂæ ì´ðxä›ðóÍï•åUï]îùæú•õ´ì´ó•ëbêfåUêŒðæfëbëbì|çxì|çjçjñbó óšøÊq

(26) çxü]î ñm8òw:9ðx8'ë=bó•göUðxf;æfõ|øC.íxëbæì´õ|iêfçx]Jðxï!uõÐæû ôöÍAsæfóšèCëb4ø åUçxçSñm3öUö•æf]'ò1S6ñ5bëwëwç$KNçMï•^Êì´ñbôòbæì´ö•ï•ô!ì´ñbêŒú•çoë1íxõ´ðæëbëwåUæëbæ¯öåUæ ñbÉæðxõ´çjðêfóCëwêfýæúUöñmðxð:êŒñmøšì´ô¯ó•çxöšðxîóõ|îùçjíxú•ðxçxó•ö•ñbêŒì´ëbëbóUì´ì|êŒ÷$çjæó òì´òèCòwøÍëbì´ì´óõ´ð õ ëbåUæõ|ç ðxó•ö&å•ì|÷jå-îGñbæ CúUæó•êŒøÂñmðxóU÷xæò •ëbåUæîùú•ó•êŒëbì|çjó&ú•òwæö&ì´ó-ëbå•ì´ò›òwëbú•öUøÂì´ò ëbð xæó$îGñbçjô0ñbæfîGæfñbæó•êŒdæ 7  :C ! :  (<5B>= E O :   G   B>= ? E O <5B>= S@S :  G A : '&Cû Lb 7C 6 B ; * ;  UDC U ]FE @ C* I G G  :KJ - &E ; LQ@ C * C U ]FE @ C* I G G  : :òbåUåUææfö•ñbö•æ ì´óUG ÷!C ì´îGò:ñbæ ð¯CúUè]æðxó•ó•êŒö ø-:ðì´ë:öUëbåUå-æì|ï]÷jðåZñmë ðxôæf ëw:æf!uñ¶û îùú•?Hó•G êŒëbì|çjó&A çxîÐõ|çjóU÷jì|ëbú•ö•G ì´ó•ðxõëbúUñbè]ú•õ|?Hæó•G êŒæì´óZAëwæó•òbì|ëºø$ðxó•$ö fHM C ì´ò›ëbåUæ \C ˜ì´ó•ðxõ´õ|ø LëbåUæðxêŒñbçjòbòdý :ì´ó•mö ELO Z ô¯ðëwñmì çxîîGçxñmêŒæFò cFh  hN gf;:ì´ò=çxè•ëbðxì´óUæöèCøÊì´óZëwñbçSö•ú•êfì´óU÷¯ëbåUæÇï•ñbçüLõ|æ ðæfñbçSöUøSó•ðxô¯ì´ê¶ï•ñbçxïæfñbëbì|æ

(27) ò FCOQP  :(! cFh  hN gf; 6 C OQP D OQP q

(28) 8:98'=9gf; '&Cû @b  FC OQP 6 *(( 2 R** C F S C XS  :  K K îGçxñmêŒæêŒçCNæ Âêfì|æóZë FC OQP 6 * 2 R C  - S C X S :  K K ëwçxñ CúUæêŒçCNæ Âêfì|æóZë :íxçjåUõ´æfú•ñbôæ æÇ2 ðxR òbC òwì´çSò1êfì´ëbðåUëwæ¯æö ô:æðxì|ëbó å:ïì´çjó•ì´öšóZë=íxìæõ|çSS êfì|ëº: øÍðxóUó•çxö ñmô¯S ðx: õÉðëwç$ñbæÇëbëbåUåUæ æÇòwðëwñmæfú•ñbçSêŒöUëbúUøSñb󕿝ðxô¯ðë!ì´êì îGçx S ñmC êŒæðxó•ðxö ó•ö- S C ëwçxðñ ñbCæ¯úUëbæåUêŒæ çCðNæ ñbÂæð$êfì|æðxóZó•ëbö ò ðë:ìIîGçxñ ÉçjóCý ðñmô¯ðxó$íxçxñbëbì´êŒæòfû X X s. . . .  .  W. L . N. . .  . . . . . . p. .

(29). . p. . . )p. . (p. V.

(30). . . W. . . N

(31). . . . 1. &. &. N

(32).

(33) ÿâÉâ C ÐÞ XÝ Ðà UXÝIã=á Ý •ÝIãmÜ ˜ Ý Çßàßbß )   ( $ "   R

(34) i 6$. wòð? æfíó•íxðxæfêŒì´õ´ñmæ$ðì|ëºè]ëbøåUõ|ææ$çxì´îÐó-ñbëbæåUëbòwåUïæÇæçjõ´ó•ú•õ´ì|òwô¯ëwæ&æfì´ñmó•çxðî¶ðxëbì|úUëbñbñbåUæ1æ æíS ì|Nïè•! çjñm=õ|ðæELëbýCì|!Pçjõ´ú•ëwó$ç ô¯æCì´óZó•ú•íSðxðxì|ì|ñbóZñbçjæÂëbó•ì|îGòwôø øSæòwëbëwóZåUæë=æô.ö•òwæfúUì´íxñmòæfì´óUñmçxì|÷ è•ëºø-ëbðxðxõ´çxì´õróUîÉì|æëbðÇö ò=íS õ´ì|ì|ì|è•îGë¯æfñmëbðêfì´ëbôðxì|ó çjæxó-û=èæä›æ$óZåUíSú•ñbì|òwæfñbææ!çjö+ó•è]ôëwðxçAòbæì´óZêêŒë çjêŒôñmì|ï]ëwæfúUñmëwì´æ$ð ëbðåUñbææ " ëbåUæ!ô¯ð Uì´ô¯ð &ñbæòwïçjó•òwæòwïæêŒëwñmú•ô ]ðxòbòwçSêfì´ðëwæö :ì|ëbå&ëbåUæ!ô¯ð Uì´ô!ú•ô ö•ì´òwï]õ´ðxêŒæôæóZë›ñbæfï•ñbæòwæóZëbð  ëbì|íxæçxî˜ëbåUæô¯ð Uì´ô!ú•ô0òwëwñbæòbò:ì´ó-ëbåUæ1æ Cú•ì|ï]ôæóZë # " ëbòbåUúUæè]ô¯îùðì|ëbëwì|ëw÷jæúUö-æëwç¯ö•ðxñbô¯æfïðæ÷xðæ¯ëwæòwöïæòwêŒëwëwñbñmæú•òbôòwæò # :å•ì´êmåšì´ò=ñbæõ´ðëwæöšëwç&ëbåUæ¯öUæfëwæfñmì|çxñmðëbì|çjóÊçxîXëbåUæô¯ðëwæfñmì´ðxõ :åUæó " ëbåUæ!ö•ì´òbòbì|ï]ðëbì|íxæ1ö•ðxô¯ð÷xæÇòwïæêŒëwñmú•ô Uè]ðxòwæö$çjóëbåUæðxòbòbú•ôï•ëbì|çjó&ëbå•ðë:ëbåUææóUæfñb÷xø&ö•ì´òbòbì|ï]ðëwæö&èCø ëbåUææ Cú•ì|ï]ôæóZë ì´ò›êŒçxñbñbæõ´ðëwæö :ì|ëbå&ëbåUæòwæfíxæfñmì|ëºø-çxî˜ëbåUæ1íSì|è•ñmðëbì|çjó-æóZíSì|ñbçjó•ôæóZëfû ì´:S\ óPRì´ó•KçjSUêŒúUTVæ!Mëb îùöUðÇçCëbçxì|û ÷jñ úUïæ!çjæ õ|æ$æôêŒëbçjò1ú•çxóZîXëwæõ|çjö óU÷Âõ´ú•ëbô¯ì´ôì´ó•æÇðxì|ðxñbôæò è]Ðì|æëbåUóZë¶æ$íSôì|è•çjñmòwðë ëbì|ñbçjæfóï•ñbðæñbòwæÇæóZëbëbåUðæëbì|õ|íxææðxö•êŒì´ñmóUì|ëw÷Âæfñmêfì|ðxçjú•ó òwæÇì´òÇçxîXëbåUòwæ ëwñm ú•WQêŒTVëb]

(35) úU ñm ðxK õP-bîùðxWì´ õ´úUWñb æKò AsóçxñmöUæfñrëwç1òbì´ô!ú•õ´ðëwæXì´ó!õ´ðèçxñmðëwçxñbø1ëbåUæXíSì|è•ñmðëbì|çjóæóZíSì|ñbçjó•ôæóZëPçxî•ëbåUæõ´ú•ô¯ì´ó•ðxì|ñbæ ðxêfêŒæõ|æfñmðëwæöÇîùðëbì|÷júUæ ëwöUææŒòwüLëbó•ì´óUì|ëb÷ì|çjå•ó!ðxçxòîLëwæ çCú•èì|æ¯íðxöUõ|æŒæüLó•óUêŒæ›æöIêŒû-ñmì|ëw䛿fñmåUì´æ¯ð1ï•ì´ò˜ñbçxè]è]ðxõ|òwææô öçjçxóî ëbæ åUCæ:ú•ì|ðíï•ðxï]õ|æõ´ì´ó•êfêŒðæ ëbì|çjì´ò1ó!ëbçxåUîæfëbñbåUæfîGæ›çxõ´ñbú•æ ô¯çxì´îó•ï•ðxì|ñmñbì´æXôíSæ¯ì|è•ì´ôñmðïëbì|çxçjñbó!ëbðxæ ó•UêêŒfæxì|ëbû-ðëbä›ì|çjåUó æ ëwòbç¯ú•êmëbå$åUæ1ð¯è]òwøSðxòwòwæ1ëwæçxô î˜ðì´ò ñb÷jæfì|îGíxæfæñbæó&ó•èCêŒøÂæ1çjëbåUóUææEýCñböUææfõ´ð÷xëbñbì|æfçjæEó ýZçx'î´CûýZîGQñb æfæöUçjô òwøSòwëwæô  ˜ì|÷Uû bmûXä›åUæ¶æ Cú•ðëbì|çjó&çxî˜ôçoíxæôæóZë:çxî * & fWB \ 1 - f B* \ 6 U , * 'Cû Q \ . p %. . 

(36). . D. . . . .

(37).  . F. .

(38). . . . .

(39).

(40). . G.

(41). m c k. z. Base. ˜ì|÷júUñbæ ›æfîGæfñbæó•êŒæ mýCöUçxîÉô¯ðxòbòdýCòwï•ñmì´óU÷ýCö•ðxôïæfñ òwøSòwëwæô&û :ëbåUåUææfñbö•æ ðxô, >ï]1ì´=óU÷!öUæñmòbðêŒëbñmì|ì|çèæðxò=ó•döëbåUfWæ¯B=ôëbåUçxëbæì|çjó•óÍðëbì´úUôñmðxïõLçjï]òwæú•öÊõ´òbëwðç&ëbì|çjëbåUóÂæçxè]îrðxëbåUòwæ æ1çj\ óU>æE1ýC:öUëbçxåUî˜æòwñbøSæòwõ´ëwðæëbô&ì|íxûÐæÇä›ïåUçjæ1òbì|ëbô¯ì|çjðxóÊòbòçxîXëb•åUòwæëbì Iô¯óUðxæòbòbò ò æðxõ|ó•æöÊôö•æóZðxë:ôðxï]ó•ì´óUðxõ|÷ øSòbì´òðñbçxæ!ñ›ëbèCåUøÂææ ï]Sïðñmæfðxñmôì´ôæfëwææfóZñmëbò=ðxõ?çxîÐôðÂçSö•ôðxçSõIö•ì´öUðxæõPóZôëbìNçSüLöUêfæðõPëbì|çxçjîÉóIëbû åUæÇõ´ú•ô¯ì´ó•ðxì|ñbæ¶çxè•ëbðxì´óUæö$æì|ëbåUæfñ=èCø&üLó•ì|ëwæ Uì´ò çxðñðîùú•÷jó•ì|êŒíxëbæì|ó¯çjó-íSì|çxè•îrñmðëbåUëbì|æçjóó•ðæëbóZúUíSñmì|ðxñbõçjó•îGñbôæ CæúUóZæë ó•, êŒ>ø 1 CB=ëbåUçxæ=î˜ëbô¯åUðæUìòw´øSô¯òwðxëwæõUô ñbæòwðxïó•çjö&ó•òwçxæ îrëbåU"!æ$#ö•ðxçxôîëbï]åUì´óUæ:÷Çñbæñmõ´ððëbëbì|ì| ç íxæ:jûö•ì´Uòwçxï]ñ=õ´ðxð¯êŒæòwôëwñbææóZòbëò õçx|æfîÐíxðxæôõ&% ï]C õ´Iì|ëbëbú•åUöUæ,æ êŒ% çxñbñbðxæó•òwïö çjó•ö•ì´ëbóUåU÷ÂæÇö•ô¯ðxðô¯Uìð´ô!÷xæ ú•'ô C 7 óCì´ò¶ú•öUôæŒèüLæfóUñ:æöÊçxîÐèCêŒø(øSêf' õ|CLæò:6*è)JæfîGC çxfñb+ æ!C öUæf)JëwCæfñmèì|çxæñmì´óUð÷Âëbì|çjëbóåUæðë=óCú•ëbôåUæ!èòbæfðxñ¶ôçxîXæÇêŒòwøSëwñbêfæõ|æòbòò C +C x. . . p. . . . . . . N. .

(42). . . . . .

(43) èõ|æfæíxæðõÕï•û ï•+ ñbç C Uìì´ò´ô¯÷jðì|íxëwææóÂö&èCèCøøëbWåUæ¶\êf õ´ ðx] òb[+òbì´7 ò›êfðxñbõ æjõ´ðëbçj*ì|çjå•ó•õ|æfòbñ å•ì|êfï úUñbíxæòçxî?ëbåUæ¶ô¯ðëwæfñmì´ðxõ :å•ì´êmåÂì´ó¯ëbåUæì|ñêŒæóZëwñmðxõLï]ðñbë Sêfðxó 'Cû :b + C %C  "!$# 6  :ô¯åUðæfëwæfñb æñmì´ðx›õ ðx•ó•òwëwö ñbæ òbò›ððxñbæ=ó•ö$ë Xö•çì´òwô¯ï]õ´ððxëwêŒæfæñmôì´ðxæõLóZöUë›æfô¯ïæðó•ø-öUèæóZæ¶ëÐñbï]æõ´ððñmëwðxæôö$æfèCëwø-æfñmð¯òf û êŒAdçjîIó•çjòwóUëbðxæ=óZðx ë òbòb ú•ôæòð!õ´ì´óUæðñÐèæå•ðíSì|çjúUñXçxîIëbåUæ % C  "!$# 6  C  "!$# 'Cû

(44) b ëbs åUêfæêŒçxëwçxñmö•ëbðxì´óUõP÷ö•ðxëwçô¯ kð÷x]æ [KNM 7 êŒò›çxõ´ñbì´ñbóUææòwðïñ›çjêfó•ú•ö•ô!ì´óUú•÷Çõ´ðëwëbç¯ì|íxëbæåUæ1ö•ðxñbô¯æfîGæfðñb÷xææ!ó•õ´êŒð æ mýCðxöUó•çxö$îÉú•òwòbøSì´òwóUëw÷Çæô æ Cì´ú•ó&ðëbëbì|åUçjæ1ó•òîGçx'ñmCûô :ý Cû

(45) b çjóUæçxè•ëbðxì´ó•ò 'Cû i]9  6    )JC  C   "!$#  7 B /$J  C ëbíä›åUðxåUæõ´úUæ:ó•æ:îùððçxëbëbîúUì|÷jñm úUðxõjæ="!îGö•ñb$æ ðx#!Cô¯ô¯úUðæð÷xó•ø æ¶êŒø èòwïæ=7 æB êfêŒxðxëwîGõ´ñmçxêfú•ñ˜ú•ô õ´ð:ð÷jëwì´òÐæì|íxöÂëbæåUèCó æ=øjêfûëbúUåUAsñbæ=óíxæ ëbëbåUåU:æfæå•çxêfñbì´ðxêmø¯å¯òwæçxñbî?çxæfñmî•ï•ðxð:ñbó•æñmöUòwðxæçjó•óZôþöUëbòçjíSôëbì|åUè•æ=7¶ñmðëwðxëbçxú•ì|ëbçjòbðxóòbõì´ðxö• Lóðx! ô¯æ Uê ð@(f!u÷xì|ûÐëb æ ðä›0ëbåUì|çjæ¶ðxó òõ|çSëbðêfåUðxîùæXú•õ´ì´æó•òbSïðêŒëbëbì|ì|æçjçjêŒó ó¯ëwæì´çxöó î ëbðxåUó&æ¶æ òwSïëwñmú•æfñmêŒì´ëbôúUC  ñbææ=óZëbçxðxîPõIëbôåUæ¶çSöUô¯æð õ Uì:´ô¯ì|ëbå&ðxõLòwòwëwëwñmñbðxæì´òbó-ò÷jóUðxæfúUæ÷xö•æòXòfëbû åUæ1ú•òwæ=çxîPðÇôçxñbæ=æõ´ðèçxñmðëwæ=üLó•ì|ëwæ:æõ|æôæóZë ôçSöUæõ]çxñçxî & . . . . . &. .  p.

(46). N. . p. +.

(47). . . . . %.  . . );. Y

(48) %  * $0

Références

Documents relatifs

Inclusions: functions of maintenance of acceptable Body Mass Index (BMI); and impairments such as underweight, cachexia, wasting, overweight, emaciation and such as in primary

Cet aide mémoire présente l1 (onze) chapitres qui englobent toute la terminologie utilisée dans la mécanique des fluides,ainsi que les formules et les

Ont participé à la rédaction de cet ouvrage , Éliane Albuisson, Jacques Bénichou, Berrand Philippe, Régis Beuscart, Christine Binquet, Jean-Yves Boire, Philippe Broêt,

On retiendra que toute combinaison linéaire (y compris la combinaison linéaire nulle) d’applications linéaires est une application linéaire.E. Le noyau de ϕ est un

Soient f et g deux fonctions réelles de la variable réelle et a un réel quelconque... Intégration d’un

[r]

Remarque : rappelons que toute fonction de la variable réelle dont l’ensemble de définition est symétrique peut être décomposée de façon unique comme somme d’une fonction paire

Motivated by the lack of methods which directly provide a unique pose solution for the redundant data case, we develop in this paper a family of linear, unique-solution algorithms