5,
6.7,
8.
9,
10,
Makurdil/ or Ibi region on River Benue Sokoto region]} (Sokoto Rima Valley)
Oba--Mosunmora on River Ogun (Abeokuta region) Do-Anambra on Anambra River (Onitsha region) Kwale area (Aboh) •- Niger delta
Bomadi area (Western Ijaw)
Northern Xigeria Northern lTigeria
· Western Nigeria Eastern Nigeria Mid-western Nigeria Mid-western Nigeria Ecologic data of some of these regions are as follows in the table
on page 35,
It will be seen that while the minimum temperatures at Sckoto are even more favourable than at Bacita (Ilorin) favouring better Quality of cane, the rainfall is deficient ~alling for adeQuate irrigation
facilities, According to the Government of Northern Nigeria Development Plan
1962-1968
(lUite a few irrigation schemes, e.g., Sokoto-Rima Valley Scheme, Wivino Scheme and Bukwiam and Garni Schemes and development of Sokoto-Rima fadaoas near Bunza are contemplated, and it may be possible to have suitable irrigated area for sugarcane plantations.Conditions at Makurdi are as good as at Bacita, the rainfall being even higher,
Conditions at Onitsha are not so good from the point of view of the minimum temperatures during the dry season which are somewhat higher than at Bacita, The rainfall is plentiful but will re<1uire adeQuate drainage,
The above places are situated on river banks, The soils in the Makurdi region, on the ,~orthern side of the Benue river appear to be similar to those at Bacita and the soils in the Onitsha region are alluvial hydromorphic soils, The possible locations suggested above in Northern, Western, .tGastern and Mid-western Nigeria may provide the necessary area for the thirteen more plantations reQuired in Nigeria, ]} lifot suggested by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural
Resources but appear to be suitable from general considerations,
. c~
E/CN.14/nm/135
']_1em:2era ture in l_q Rainfall in lnches P:tGe 35
Jan,, Feb. I:)ar. Ap.r:. ,, --
--.J1..u12 T. Tl •• A •.• • t. Cc: t .. 1~0-,,; !1,,r, t' Av.
l'.~O..;J .., l,l,...1.,.J ""''""'E:,•
1. Sokoto
Lat. 13°011N Max:. T, 90.4 95.7 101.8 103.9 100,4 95.8 88.7 85.8 88.5 94,5 95.8 90.6 94,3 Long 50 15 'E 0 1.iin. 'T. 59.3 63.l 71.3 76.8 77,8 75.3 71.7 70.6 70.6 69.8 64.0 59.5 69,2 Elevation
1,150 ft. Rainfall
o.o o.
0o.o
0.50 2.10 3,50 6.50 9.90 5.80 0.60o.o o.o
28.8 (Dry season October to April)2. Makurdi
Lat, 7°441N Max,
T.
94.0 96.7 96.5 93,6 89.9 87.1 85,5 85.0 86.1 87.7 91.1 92.2 90.50 1',t.
65.1 69.9 75.5 75.5 73.5 72.0 71.9 72.0 71.5 71.2 69.4 62,7 70.9 Long 8 321E L,.J.n .. T.
Elevation 370 ft. Rainfall 0.20 0.40 1.30 4,30 8.10 7. 70 7 .10 8.60 10.1 6.0 0.40
o.o
54.4 (Dry season lfovember to !.!arch3. Onitsha
Lat. 6°10'N Max. T, 91.5 94.5 93.9 91.2 89.1 86.6 84,6 84.5 85.1 87.2 89.5 90.4 89.0 Long 6 47'E 0 Min.
T,
67.5 69,5 74.3 73.9 72,9 71. 8 71.7 71.7 71.3 71.2 71.6 67.8 71.2 ElevationRainfall
o.8
1.2 2.6 6.10 8.40 9.90 11.00 9.50 12.50 9.50 2.00o.6
74.10 300 ft.(Dry season 1Jovember to ~larch)
4.
AbeokutaLat. 7°111N Long 3 200 1E
to March)
Elevation (Humid season April to October, Dry season Nov.
350 ft. Rainfall 0.5 1.1
3.5
5.5 5.9 7,46.7
3,3 5,55.2
1.80.5 47
5. lli
Has climate more or less similar to Makurdi but with a little less rainfall viz. 45,711 only, 6. Katcha andMay have climatic conditions similar to those of Bacita, Koton Kari:fi
B/CN .14/n,rn/135 Page 36
It will however be necessary to make detailed investigations as regards the climatic, topographical, hydrological and soil conditions before determining the exact locations suitable for the sugarcane plantations,
The number and size of factories in each regicr. will depend upon the area available in each.
(iii) Size and type of factories to be established
Production units of 30,000 tons per annum or 2,000 - 2,500 tons cane per dll.y are suggested, If larger cl_ose-kni t, contiguous areas than 10,000 acres or 4,000 hectares are available, the factory capacity could be even higher, say, 3,000 or 4,000 tons cane per day in order to obtain the economy of scale.
In Nigeria, the :i;eople are accustomed to using refined sugar in gram1lated and cube form and. therefore the type of factories will have to be such as will prod,we refined sugar, al though the cost of produc-tion of plantaproduc-tion white sugar would be lower, If, however, plantation white suisar can be popularized, installation of factories_producing white sL>.gar by the double sulphitation process is suggested, As a part of consumption of refined sugar is in the form of sugar cubes, 25 per cent of the total production may be converted into cube sugar or tablet su£,;ar, Thus, for converting 110,000 tons of sugar into cubes, four pressed-cube plants each of 100 tons capacity per day (4 production lines) or 30,000 tons per annum would be required.
3.1,7.
Utilization of by-uroductsThe by-products of the sugar industry in lhgeria could be used as follows:
(a)
BagasseNigeria produces coal and crude petroleum (production in 1964 being: coal 699,000 tons and crude petroleum 5,933,000 tons. As a refinery is also being established, fuel oil woul~ be available in ade~uate quantities to provide substitute fuel to sugar factories in exchange of bagasse for the production of paper, pulp or hardboard_s.
E/CN,14/INR/135 Page 37
It will, however, be necessary to assess the requirements of these pre ducts, estimate the substitute fuel requirements, take into account the transport position and work out the economics of supplying the fuel to the locations of sugar factories vis-a-vis other cellulosic raw mat-er:als that might be available from forest resources,
As the fibre content of cane in Nigeria is only about 11-12 per cent on cane, there is not much likelihood of saving any substantial quantities of bagasse after meeting the fuel requirements of the sugar factories themselves, However, if any quantity of bagasse is saved, it could be utJ.lized for the production of bio-manure and bio-gas,
(b) Filter cake
This would all be consumed in the sugarcane fields as manure, How-ev,:,r, for a big country like Nigeria it would perhaps be necessary to pr:,duce cane wax for use in industries relating to floor and shoe polishes, carbon paper, etc., in place of the imported hard waxes such as Carnuba and Montane waxes,
It will be necessary to determine the wax content of the filter cake an:l then work out the economics of production. It may be stated here
that even after the extraction of wax, the filter cake is still good for manurial purposes,
(c) Yolasses
The production of molasses in Nigeria corresponding to a sugar production of 0.44 million tons would be around 154,000 tons, The mo.sasses could be utilized for the production of ethyl alcohol or food ye,,st or for cattle-feeding purposes.
The 1964 consumption of alcohol of about
95
per cent strength in Nigeria (as reported in li!igeria Trade Summary) was as follows:Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol content in liquors, brandy, whisky, rum and gin
Total
91,500 gallons 42,500 gallons 134,000 gallons