Value Value Value Value
Year Dahon:ey in Togo ir1 Total in in
(tons) million (tons) million (tons) million million
fr.
CFA
fr. CFA fr.CFA
US$1962 272 32.9 49 8,3 321 41. 2 0.17
1963 240 27.2 51 7.1 291 34,3 0.14
1964 165
20,l 12222.0 287
42.10,17
1965 189 21.5 82 15,0 271 36,5 0.15
Average
216.5 25.4 76.0 13,1 292.5 38.5 0.16
Between the two countries the average quantity of confectionery imported in recent years has been about
300
tons.3,2,2.
Foreign exchange involved~lost of the sugar has beer. imported from the ~·rench zone and there is no customs duty. The c~i.f. value paid or the money sent out of the country on the purchase of sugar by Dahomey was of the order of
314
million francs CFA or US$ 1,3 million per year and US$0,77
million by Togo. The amount spent on confectionery was25.4
million francs CFA or US$ 0.11 million by Dahoc1ey ar.d 13. l million francs CFA or US$ 0. 05 million by Togo,The total amount of foreign exchange involved was US$
2,23
million per year.3.2.3. Duties and~es, price and distribution
The duties and taxes or:: 5ranulated and cube sugars in Dahomey are as follows,
Granulated sugar l, Customs duty
12
per oen" on c,i,f, value onsugar from outside the French zone
2.
Fiscal duty6
per cent on c.i.f, value3.
Statistics rightl
pe:::- oentCube sugar Nil
1 per oent 1 per oent
•
4, Fiscal tax
CDP/Ca.put Consumpt,ion Population Total
( 1980) per caput (monetary consumption
E/CN .14/nm/135
Page
44
It will be seen fro!ii the abcve that tho demand for sue;ar, for d.i.rect consumption, by the two oountl'.'ies in 1980 would be of the order of
30,300 tons of refined sugar of which 80 per cent, that is about 24,200 tons, will have tc be converted into cubes,
·]'he demand. fer confectionery~ assumir..g a 10. 0 per cent increase every year, WOLlld go Llp to 1,300 tons for which about 1,000 tons of s'.1.gar would be needed.., Allowing another 700 tons for miscellaneous ];:urposes the total demand i'::>r sut:;ar for the two countries in 1980 ma~{ ts
Jlaced at
32,ooc,
toD.s •..\. 2.
5,
Possibilities of domestic productionrr·L.ere is at present no domestic production of suc;ar in either of the two countries., There being surplus sugar in the French zone1 the need for domestic prodllction has not been felt seriously but i t is conced.ed
that as the world. consumption of sugar in future sears may corisidera·bl;y outpace production it xould bi;;; advisable to take such steps as would enable the countries tc produ.ce their O'-'m requirements of su5·ar. In the case of Dahorne;y 'I sue,ar 1;0,~;:,es the first place amongst all imported items, It is realized that with a view to maintainir;.g a favourable
tbalance of trade' position1 domestic productior.. of sugar would bB very desirable.
(i) Experiments on sug:;arcane cultiVB'tion
In view of the above; experiI1e~1ts on sut:arcane cul ti va tion were stctrted at the .b.g:ricu.l tu.ra: Hesearoh Station at Jfiaouli ~ neer Allada (Dahomey) in 1963. Of the 21 cane varieties ir.ii;orted from Kenya the following· varieties gave good resu.l ts on sr.:i.all plots.
'11J.1e yields obtained are noted against each.
Cane variet;y Yield. 1;;:er hecta.re (tons)
L E'/152 129.0
2.
F/146
108,03.
B/49119 111.c:.
'(ii) Location for sugarcane plantation
A site, on the Mone River near Athieme has been selected for the Source: Service Meteorologiq_ue (Republiq_ue du Dahomey)
Data for temperatures and relative humidity relate to the year 1965.
E/CN.14/INR/135
Page 46
It will be seen that rainfall is somewhat defioie,ot ,md irriga-tion would be essential. It is for this reason that the site c,o the liono River has been selec,ed whc,re a dam is to be constructed by
1975,
A hydro-irrigation development proJec-;; is "oeing implemented, (Amenii,e;ement
d,u :Bassin du Mono) under -:;he Uni,;ed, Hations Special Fund Programme, The rainfall is not favourY.ble from another co,rnideration also in as rr.uch as it affords but a very short dry season, viz., December and January and possibly li'ebruary, anci another comparatively dry season in August. rhe relative bumidity is rather high all through the year, Under such
climatic conditions, watery aml succulent growth may be promoted and the cane quality may not be very favourable. The soil is also reported to be acidic (PH 5,8 to 6,0) necessitating application of lime.
However, it is proposed to cEtrry o:it all the necessary experiments on cane culture in the A thieme area for which an exper".di ture of
36.15
million francs CFA spread over four years
(1965-1968)
has been budgeted in the Five-Year Plan. A similar amount is expecteci to be provided by Togo as a common project is contemplated,. The experiment., will be con-ducted by_ IRAT· ( Ins ti tu te for Tropical Agronomic Research)·, This site has the advanta;;e that the transport cost of sugar tc Togo would be -.rery low, It would be worti1while to determine whether more suitable sites on the OUeme river near Logozote or near Betero,1 could be found, subject of course to adequate irrigation facili.ies being available from the Oueme river.{iii) Size and type of sugar factories
·Presuming ,hat the Athieme area yield results to justify a sugar-cane plantation for a commercial sugar factory, it is suggested that one factory of 1,800 tons cane crushing capacity may be installed there in the first instance, h!ter on another plant of 1,800 tons cane per day may be installed at some ·other site, These production units will cater tc the needs of both Dahomey and 'i'ogo, but if Togo desires to have a production unit of i~s own, the second 1,800 tons cane per day unit could be located in Togo, Tl,ere need he no apprel:ension that
' '
E/CN,14/INR/135 Page 47
sugar production in Ghana will pose a problem for competition, The above capacity of the factory has been suggested on the assumption that tl:e recovery of sugar will be 9,0 per cent of cane and the number of working days 100, An 1,800 tons cane-crushing unit will produce 162 tons of sugar per day and 16,200 tons of sugar per annum in a season of 100 days, These uni ts will have to procuce refined sugar, The
'Remelt'- Lime Phosphitation process adopted at the Bacita factory in Nigeria may be adopted particularly as Togo produces Rock Phosphate and phosphoric acid may be cheaply available. Eighty per cent of the sugar produced will have to be converted into cubes, For this purpose two cube- or tablet-making plants each of 50 tons cetpacity per day may be installed.
(iv) Area required for sugarcane plantation may be based on a yield of 100 tons per hectare, Thus for 180,000 tons of sugarcane per season an area of 1,800 hectares will have to be under cane in each plantation, Allowing for rotation and land required for roads, buildings, channels, etc, a gross area of about 3,000 hectares would be needed for one planta-tion and 6,000 hectares for the two plantaplanta-tions suggested,
3,2,6, Utilization of by-products (a) Bagasse
'rhis will be consumed as fuel for the sugar factories, The quantity of bagasse produoed would not be sufficient to feed and economic paper or pulp production unit even if substitute fuel is provided to the sugar factories.
(b) Filter cake
This will be utilized as manure in the cane fields, Cane wax could however be extracted before the Cclke is sent to the fields but the
ma.rket for wax will have to be ascertained before taking up such a pr:,ject,
( c) Molasses
Each sugar factory will produce about 6,300 tons of molasses per year, T:C.us there will be the problem of suitable disposal of 12,600 tons of
mo lasses.
E/mr.14/INR/135 Page 48
It has been estimate0. ·chat the demand for alcoholic drinks in
Dahomey and Togo would be 31,000 HL and 29,000 HL respectively, that is, a total of 60,000 hectolitres (reference: dooument
E/Cl,
.14/nra/125,"The Beverage Industry in the West African Sub-region", Table 18), For producing this quantity of liquor, the requirement of alcohol (95 per cent) would be 27,000 hectolitres and to :,;roduoe this alcohol the re-quirement of molasses would be of the order of 11,000 tons.
It is therefore suggested that t,10 distilleries each of 15,000 HL capacity per annc,.m may be installed, one a!.ong with each sugar produc-tion unit, for the manufacture of potable spirits, It may be stated here that as molasses woul:l be available from the sugar factory at no cost, if the distillery is a join, project with the sugar factory where steam and other facilities would also be available, the cost of production of liquors would be very low. If the liquors are sold at the existing prices (for in:portec. liquo;'s), not only will the revenue of the State from taxes and duties on alcoholic beverages not be affected, but a handsome margin of profit ;-:1ay also be expected ..
Thus ou.t of 12,600 tons of molasses, 11,000 tons will be used for the production of alcohol, leaving a balance of 1,600 tons whioh·may be utilized for cat,lo--feeding pu:rr,oses.
As will be seen flom the foregoing paragraphs, sugarcane plantations, two sugar factories, two rube sugar plants, two confectionery units and two distilleries will have to be set up in order to develop the sugar complex f'or Dahomey and Togo.
The oapi ,al outlay would have to be e,s follows,
1. r.rwo sugarcane planta-tions
3,000 hectares each
2. Two sugar factories, each 2,000 tons cane per day
Million fr.
CFA
6,720 2,016Million US$
28.00 8,40
3.
Two cube-sugar plants, each50
per day (two production lines)4.
Two confectionery units, each3
tons per da.y -250
days5,
Two distilleries, each15,000
hectolitres per annum TotalMillion fr. CFA tons
806.4 202 134,4
9,878.8