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Page29
The consu.mption of confectionery in Nigeria has been as follows":
Year Qµantity Valu.e in Value in
tons
1,000
a;, millionsterling US$
1960 2,430,0 476,3 1,33
1961 1,952.0 407 .1 1,14
1962 1,676,0 37 3,5 1.04
1963 976.0 249,5 0,07
1964 1,180.0 318,5 0.89
1965 1,299.0 281,4 o. 78
Average
1,585.0 351.0 0,98
SourJe: Federal Office of Statistics, Lagos, Nigeria,
It ,ill be seen from the above that the average consumption of confectionery has been of the order of
1,600
tons per annum, and its average c,i,f,valu,e ., 0,
35
million or US$ 0,98
million.3,1,2,
Foreign exchange involvedFrom the foregoing paragraph, it will be seen that the average c,i,f, value paid or the foreign exchange spent per year for sugar and confec-tionery has been of the order of a;,
3,5
million or about US$9,80
million, ,3, 1,3. DistributionThe imports into Nigeria were largely through the ports of Lagos, Apapa and Port Harcourt, The map of Nigeria at Annex II will show that there is a good system of rail and road communications connecting these ports with the important towns in the interior, !Viost important towns show~ in the map have wholesale markets for sugar, Messrs, Tate and Lyle of London have set up depots in these towns for the distribution of s11gar,
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3,1,4, Price
It is understood that there is a duty of 2,0 d or 2,3 US cents per pound on refined sugar, The present (April 1966) price for refined
sugar is ii. 106 or US$ 296,80 per ton, 'rt,e cube sugar sells at 12 - 13,25 d per pound or t 112 to 123,7 per ton,
3,1,5, Demand for sugar in 1980
It will b.e seen from the statement at Annex IA that the 1963 level of per caput consumption in Nigeria was 2,8 kg year which is very low, This may be due either to low purchasing power or to restricted supply.
However, in relation to the trend of consumption in other countries and with GDP per capu t going up to US$
145,
the per caput consumption is expected to go up to 8,3 kg/year (Annex IC), The population (in the monetary sector) is expected to rise to 52,24 million by 1980 and the total demand for sugar would then be 436,000 tons,As regards confectionery, it may be presumed that the demand may go up to about 10 per cent every year over the present average consump-tion of 1,600 tons and would be about 6,600 tons, Assuming that one-third of this q_uantity will be toffees and the rest hard-boiled goods, the sugar req_uirement (30 per cent for toffees and 75 per cent for boiled goods) 11ould be 3,660 tons, This presumes that a confectionery industry would also be set up.
Thus, the total su5ar req_uirement would be (436,000 + 3,660) ~
439,660 tons or, say, 440,000 tons.
3,1,6, Possibilities of meeting the demand by domestic production A, Existing production
Though some 20-30 th01isand acres of sugarcane have been cultivated by small holders in nume·rous small plots of land of two acres or less, mainly around the towns of Zaria, Katsina and Kano, most of the sugar-cane is consumed for chewing purposes and only about 109000 tons ·of crude sugar is made, The demand in the country being largely for white
..
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(refined) sugar includint, cube suesar ( rrhich was entirely imported),
;.fossrs. Booker Brothers, :Mc Connel & Co., Ltd~, ~ondon, were invited oy tt.e Government of J:Iit;·eria -to investie,;ate the i::ossibili ties of' production of refined cane au.gar in the cuu.n. try. '.Vheir investigations showed that wLile several places were suitable for· cul ti va tr ion o:f sugarcane, o:nly o,.e plEtoe was found. to Lave favouratle olioatic conditions, a large area
•Jf flat a.nd f erti:Ce land, 1oossibi li ties of irrita. ti on and good oommun::.ca--ti :>ns and wl:.ere a large-scale sugarcane plantation could be develope ... c
irr.mediately. This place was at Bncita) about terc miles dovmstrearn fror:1 J•~'::ba on the River Nie;er in Ilorin province :if 1fcrthern Ni@;eri.s. An
ari~a of about 15,000 acres ( 6 ;000 hectares) was available. .1.liter necessary prelirainary investigations and developmental measures, a sue;arcane
pbntat.ion and sugar factory h,ive been establisned by the i'lig;eria Sug;ar Cc .. L'td., of which I'.;essrs. booker (Nigeria) Ltd., are the managine agents.
'rh:.s sugar :factor;;· is to produce initially 30,000 tons of refined sa0 ar, an,:l will la:ter be extended to reach a production capacity of 60,000 tons pe 1~ annam. ".l:he cane-c:cust.ir4:.~ capacity of the factory is at present 2, :)00 tons of cane per fay wi ,h provision for ex-!:ension to 4,000 tons/
da? at a later date.. The factory machinery was supplied by I,lessrs.
Duncan Stewart Ltd., Glascow, Scotland. 'l'he location of tne llacita su2;ar plantation and factory is si10wn in the map of A,mex II by a
;shc•,ded rectangle.
The climatic conditions at Bacita, more or less, correspond to the oEmatio data given below for Ilorin.
Temperatures in °F; rainfall in inches
Jan, Feb.
Mar.
Apr. i1.'iay June July Aug. Sept, Oct. }Iov~ Dec,Av.
1:'uc. 'l'.
93,2 96.3 95,6
93,390,8 87 ,9 84,6
83,785,9 88.7 92.5 92.9
90,. ~kin. r:-: '
. 65.8 69.2 72.7 72.6
71.2 70.369,6 69.2 69.6 69.5 68.3 64,3
6:k4Rain-fsll 0,4
0.7 2.5
4.,06,7 7.6 5.6 5.2 9.9 6.5
1.1o.
5 ;,,,. l So1.,;..roeg Crop geologic Survey in West Africa by FAO,i,:/GN .14/nrn/135
Pucse 32
The maxir.1ur.: tc:1.1per::i.turo ranee is between
65°-
95°F or 30° - 35° C and the minin:um ter.1;,era tures are 64° -
F' or 18° to 20.5°
c. TLoannual mean rainfall is 50.7 inches or about 1, 5 mr1.. These conditions are fairly well sui tod for tl:e 5rowth of sugaro,1ne and har-ves-ting it for commercial production of sue::,'a:r·. The d.eficiency of rainfall and needs of
· a ter for the crop during- tLs dry mon 'th$ are :::et by irri;sa tion. A canal (:Jie:,·er c:::in::.tl) has b,::en coDstructed. frorf'. the River up -co tl,e site of the plantation and~ pur.1ps have beer.1. installed for lif-::ing water in-::.o a distri11'J-tory can3.l between -two er.:bankments a·bove the ground leval frOL! where uater is led into f'iel1l cha::1n1::ls by gravity. 1I·i1e planta-cion at present consists of an aroa of 8,000 acres,, 11he .ffactory comt1enc:;d operation in }ceoruary
1965.
Ir. its second carr.pai6n, in the season196;,-1966, it prod:iced about 121C00 tons of s:..te,ar. a rart of' this su.&ar we.G also converted into cu.Ge suge.r by '!'ate and ~yle (:i-;"i&;cria) Ltd. 1 in a factory set cip for the purpose in Ilorin. it shoi.l.ld be possible for the Baci ta plantatior: to reach the 1~r'.Jduotion of 25-30 thous.and. -t::>ns of sugar in the course of t~10 next t·,;o or three years.
It is reported th2t yiela.s of su 6aroane uj) to 60 tens per acre or 150 tons per hectare have been recorded and averabc yields of LLO tons per acre or 100 tons :per t.Bctare over the whole plar ... tatior,. would be possible.
~he quality of cc.1.ne is a:.:.so l'nirly good 7 gi vin£ a recovery of a.bo1.,. t 11. 0 per cent on cane.
A orusning season of about 165 days (middle of: lfovember to end of April) wi~h 150 net workine; days is expected.
It is learnt tnat a section of the Federal Entomology Service or' the Department of A6riculturul Research in ,he ?ea.oral hinistry of .Sconomic Development is statior.ed at I,aoita and doing llseful research
on pests a~fecting the sugarcane crop. As the industry grows to big.;;er dimensions, it will bo necessary to considerably streng-1;.b.en such a plant protection organiza1;ion ,ith staff and eciuiJ_Cmertt,
..
B, Future possibilities of production
(i) Number of faotories and area required
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The demand for sugar in 1980 has been estimated as 440,000 tons, .corresponding to a per caput income of US$ 145. As the Bacita projeot
is ex:peoted to contribute 60,000 tons, it would be necessary to establish several more plantations for the production of 380,000 tons of sugar.
·This means that at least thirteen more production uni ts of 30 ,OOO tons each will have to be established. For each such unit, the area under cane will have to be at least 6,750 acres or 2,700 hectares. Allowing for rotation and providing land for roads, channels, factory, workers' colony, etc., about 10,600 acres or about 4,000 hectares of gross area would be req_uired. 'rhus, for thirteen plantations the land requirement would be of the order of 130,000 acres or 52,000 hectares.
(ii) Possible locations
It is reported that large areas suitable for sugarcane exist on the banks of the Niger in Ilorin province but they are subject to floods, When the Niger Dam at Kainji is completed it would be possible to control the inundation and bring this land into use for the production of sugar-cane. Suitable drainage will also have to be provided. It appears that the Government of Nigeria has already undertaken to reserve land for sugarcane in an area of 120 sq_uare miles around the Baoita plantation for the future expansion of the industry,
Other areas, as reported by the Federal Ntinistry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, which may provide possible locations .i'or sugarcane plantations are:
1. Fadamas, north of Bacita Northern Nigeria
2. Adamawa,west of confluence of Niger and Benue
Rivers Northern Nigeria
3, Katcha area (Niger River) Northern Nigeria
4. Koton Karifi (lifiger River) Northern Nigeria