das Generalkonsulat
Mein Mann arbeitet im Generalkonsulat.
87
UNIT 4
VII Let' s count:
twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three twenty-four twenty-five twenty-six twenty-seven twenty-eight twenty-nine thirty thirty-one thirty-two and so forth forty
forty-one etc.
fifty
How much is 20 and 30?
20 and 30 is 50.
How much is 18 and 25?
GERMAN
VII Wir zählen:
einundzwanzig zweiundzwanzig dreiundzwanzig vierundzwanzig fünfundzwanzig sechsundzwanzig siebenundzwanzig achtundzwanzig neunundzwanzig dreissig
einunddreissig zweiunddreissig und so weiter vierzig
einundvierzig usw.
fünfzig
Wieviel ist 20 und ~O?
20 und 30 ist 50.
Wieviel ist 18 und 25?
BASIC COURSE
33 and 15?
17 and 19?
14 and 8 and 23?
31 and 16?
say these numbers: 37. 49. 28. 13. 22.
41, 24.
33 und 15?
17 und 19?
14 und 8 und 23?
31 und 16?
Sagen Sie diese Zahlen: 37. 49. 28.
13. 22. !j.1, 24.
1
Notes to the Basic Sentences
Many German nouns are formed as compounds of two or more other nOuns. Some-times the elements are just placed together and written as one ward. Some time s there is a special combining form of the noun which occurs in compounds. Very occasionally compound nouns are hyphenated in German. Note that in every case the specifier of the compound is the same as the specifier of its last element.
i.e .• Besuchsvisum is a das-wore. just as Visum is a das-word. The following compounds occur in this unit:
Besuchsvisum Visa-Abteilung Geschäftsreise Staatsangehöriger
with the combining form Besuchs-with the combining form Visa-with the combining fo~m GeSChäfts-with the combining form
Staats-2
88
The normal position of the verb in a subordinate clause in German is at the end of the clause.
Note that many German nouns which classify people according to profession.
nationality. or membership in a group occur without a specifier.
ACHTUNDACHTZIG
BASIC COURSE GERMAN UNIT 4
4 Some German der-nouns end in -e if preceded by the specifier der but end in -er if preceded by no specifier or the specifier ein: der DeutSChe, ein Deutscher, Deutscher (nominative forrns);der AngehErIge, ein Angehöriger, Angehöriger (nominative forms).
5
Samstaq is more cornrnon in Western and Southern Germany.Sonnabend is more cornrnon in Northern and Eastern Germany.
G
Ihre Frau Gemahlin is polite, formal usage. A German says 'meine Frau' in referring to his own wife, but 'Ihre Frau Gemahlin' in referring to the wife of the person he is speaking to, unless he is very weIl acquainted with the family. In that case he would just say 'Ihre Frau'. A lady would normally say 'Ihre Frau' in talking to a man, unless the latter is a considerably older person or one to whom she owes particular respect because of rank or position.In referring to her own husband she would just say 'mein Mann' . Notes on Pronunciation
A. The German ich-sound
Whisper English "yes". Prolong the initial sound, as if you were stuttering:
yyyes". Whisper the name "Hugh" and prolong the initial sound in the sa':le way: "Hhhhugh". Feel the air friction alone. like a long drawn out, whisper-ed hy- cornbination. Now try the German words with your instructor. If you have difficulty with them whisper English "yyyes" and "Hhhhugh" again for a moment and try to get the air friction sound here distinctly. The same kind of air friction will occur in all of the following German words:
Practice
1-ich König Milch leicht
mich wenig welch nicht
weich wichtig solch echt
Pech endlich durch recht
Practice 2.
sicher Fächer weichen München
siechte nächste gezeichnet Häschen
Küche Löcher Seuche Rippchen
Tücher höchste leuchte Söckchen
B. The German ach-sound
There is no sound in English similar to German -ch in ach. Pronounce English
"knock" and ask your instructor to pronounce German nach. Notice the difference in the final sounds of the two words. In the English word the back of the tongue is pressed against the back part of the roof of the mouth stopping the flow of air. If you don't stop the flow of air entirely but let some of i t through by lowering the ~ack part of your tongue just a little. you should approximate the German sound. This air friction. or spirant sound is not the same as the one described under A. It is a lower frequency sound. because i t is produced farther back in the mouth cavity. Practice until your instructor is satisfied with your pronunciation of the following words.
NEUNUNDACHTZIG
89
UNIT 4 practice
3
doch auch nach Tuch Bruch
Docht taucht macht sucht Sucht
GERMAN
kochen fauchen lachen buchen
BASIC COURSE
Tochter hauchte dachte suchte Buchten Practice
4 -
the ich-sound and the ach-sound compared.Nacht Nächte Loch Löcher
schwach schwäche Tochter Töchter
auch euch Buch Bücher
fauchte feuchte Sucht süchtig
Notes on Grammar (For Horne Study)
A. ein-Type Specifiers: ein. kein. mein. sein. ihr. Ihr. ~
I. Forms
1. With der-nouns
90
Hier ist mein Pass.
Ich habe meInen Tabak hier.
Ich fahre mit meinem Wagen.
With das-nouns
Das ist mein Hotel.
Haben Sie:mein Gepäck?
Er wohnt in:meinem Hotel.
With die-nouns
Meine Heimatstadt ist Berlin.
Sie kennt meine Frau.
Sie kommen aus meiner Heimatstadt.
With plural nouns
Meine Eltern kommen aus New York.
Ich habe meine Zigaretten hier.
Er wohnt in der Nähe von meinen Eltern.
Here's
mY
passport.I have mY tobacco here.
I'm going in
mY
car.That's
mY
hotel.Do you nave
mY
luggage?He lives at
mY
hotel.MY
horne town is Berlin.She knows
mY
wife.They come from
mY
horne town.~ parents come from New York.
I have
mY
cigarettes here.He lives near
mY
parents.NEUNZIG
BASIC COURSE GERMAN UNIT 4 2. By abstracting the underscored forms of the ward ~ from the
German sentences above we can set up the following table:
be fore be fore be fore be fore
der-nouns das-nouns die-nouns plural nouns
NOMINATIVE forms mein mein meine meine
ACCUSATIVE forms meinen mein meine meine
DATIVE forms meinem meinem meiner meinen (-n)
3.
The ein-type specifiers include the words ~ 'a, an, one' and its negative converse kein 'not a, not an, not any, not one, no' as weIl as the possessive words mein 'my', sein 'his', ihr 'her,their', Ihr 'your'(the capital is a convention of the writing system), and unser 'our'.
Two other possessive words will be introduced in Unit 11.
Haben Sie einen Ausweis?
Gibt es h1er-li1 der Nähe
eis
Zigarrengeschäft!Ihr Antrag wird dann gleich bearbeitet.
Unsere Adresse ist Schillerstrasse
4.
Herr Allen stellt seinem Kollegen Bill Jones Herrn Meyer vor.
Meine Frau hat ihren Pass noch nicht.
Do you have ~ identificatl. on card?
Is there ~ cigar store near here?
Your application will then be processed right away.
Our address is
4
Schiller Street.Kr. Allen introduces Kr. Meyer to his colleague Bill Jones.
My wife doesn't have her passport yet.
4.
Remember that ein occurs only in the singular, but all other ein-type specifiers have-i complete set of forms.with with with w1th
der-nouns das-nouns die-nouns plural nouns
Nominative ein ein eine
Accusative einen ein eine
Dative einem einem einer
Nominative kein kein keine keine
Accusative keinen kein keine keine
Dative keinem keinem keiner keinen (-n)
Nominative sein sein seine seine
Accusative seinen sein seine seine
Dative seinem seinem seiner seinen ( -n)
Nominative ihr ihr ihre ihre
Accusative ihren ihr ihre ihre
Dative ihrem ihrem ihrer ihren (-n)
Nominative unser unser unsere unsere
Accusative unseren unser unsere unsere
Dative unserem unserem unserer unseren (-n)
5.
Compare the underlined forms in the following pairs of sentences:Ich kenne diesen Mann.
Ich kenne ihren Mann.
Wohnt er in diesem Hotel?
Wohnt er in meinem Hotel?
Welche Bank ist das?
Unsere Bank ist neben dem Konsulat.
EINUNDNEUNZIG
I know this man.
I know her husband.
Does he live in this hotel?
Does he live in my hotel?
Which bank is tllat?
Our bank is next to the consulate.
91
UNIT GERMAN BASIC COURSE In Units 1 and
3
we mentioned the correspondence of final sounds in der-type specifiers and the various forms of the pronouns er, es and sie. In the above sentences we see the pattern continued with~he~-type specifiers. In most cases the similarity can be traced through both types of specifiers and the pronouns: keinen-diesen-ihn-den,
ihrem-welchem-ihm-dem, unsere-~-welche, for instance.
-6.
Compare the underlined forms in the following sentences:Dieser Autobus fährt nach Schwabing.
Heute fährt kein Autobus nach Schwabing.
Unser Autobus fährt nach SChWä'bing.
Das ist das Hotel.
Ist das Ihr Hotel?
Nein, das-Ist mein Hotel.
Ich möchte heute das Visum beantragen.---Ich möchte heute ~ Visum beantragen.
Möchte sie heute ihr Visum beantragen?
This bus goes to Schwabing.
There's no bus going to Schwabing today.
Our bus goes to Schwabing.
That's the hotel.
Is that your hotel?
No, that's my hotel.
I'd like to apply for the visa today.
I'd like to apply for my visa today.
WOllld she like to apply for her visa today?
Note that there is nO consistent similarity of final sounds in the underlined forms above. The patterns observed in paragraph 5 do not show up in dieser-kein-~and das-mein-Ihr. There is then a form of the ein-type specifiers in wh ich the final sound, or ending, found in the der-type specifiers and personal pronouns is lacking. This endingless form occurs as the Nominative form with der-nouns and as the Nominative and Accusative form with das-nouns. The pattern for ein-type specifiers can be summed up in the following pattern chart:
Pattern Chart 2 Nominative
Accusative Dative
N
M M
E E R
E E N (-n) 11. Uses
We have already noted that the ein-type specifiers include ein and kein and the possessives.
1. ein means 'a, an' when unstressed. With slightly increased stress it means 'one'.
J
Er füllt ein Formular aus.
Füllen Sie nur ein Formular aus~
Muss man ein oder zw~i Formulare ausfüllen?
He's fi11ing out a form.
Just fi11 out one form.
Does one have to fi11 out one or two forms?
2. kein means 'not a, not an, not any, not one, no'. In English we have an option in many negative statements:
92
I don't have an identification card.
I haven't any identification card.
I have no identification card.
In German there is no equiva1ent option.
is always negated.
(Negation of verb) (Negation of ~)
In such statements the noun
ZWEIUNDNEUNZIG
BASIC COURSE GERMAN UNIT 4 Ich habe keinen Ausweis.
Er ist kein Deutscher.
Haben Sie kein Visum?
Wir kennen hier keine Amerikaner.
I haven't any identification card.
He isn't German.
He' s no German.
Don't you have a visa?
Have you no visa?
We don't know any Americans here.
We know no Americans here.
3.
Any of the ein-type specifiers - like the der-·type specifiers (noted in Unit 3) - can also occur without a following noun, and here they have the meanings 'one, not one, not any, mine, his, hers, theirs, yours, ours' .Ich habe Zigarren.
Darf ich Ihnen eine anbieten?
Haben Sie Ihren Wagen hier?
Nein, haben Sie Ihren auch nicht hier?---111. Special ein-type specifier forms
I have some cigars.
May I offer you one?
00 you have your car here?
No, don't you have yours here either?
1. MOST ein-type specifiers have the same form when their noun is under-stood-a5 they do when i t is present, as can be seen in the sentences above. Note the following examples, however:
Gibt es hier in der Nähe ein Zigarrengeschäft?
Hier nebenan ist eins.
Ist das Ihr Stadtplan oder meiner?
Das ist Ihrer.
Is there a cigar store near here?
There's one next door here.
Is that your map of the city or mine?
Tha t 's your s .
The endingless ein-type specifier forms add an ending when they stand alone: Ihr Stadtplan - Ihrer; ein Zigarrengeschäft - eins. You will note that the endings added are those of the corresponding der-type specifier forms, except that the ending - ~ is added directly to the stern of the monosyllabic ein-type specifiers: kein-s, for instance, as compared with unser-eS, dies-es and welch-es.
2. These special ~-type specifier forms occur only with der- and das-nouns and can be listed as folIows:
With der-nouns With das-nouns
einer eins
keiner keins
meiner me ins
seiner seins
ihrer ihrs
Ihrer Ihrs
unserer unseres B. verb Phrases and Word Order
I. We have already spoken about verb phrases which are composed of a FINITE verh form and an INFINITIVE form. They have also occurred in this unit:
Herr Köhler will ein Besuchsvisum nach Amerika beantragen.
DREIUNDNEUNZIG
Mr. Köhler wants to apply for a visitor's visa for America.
93
UNIT 4 GERMAN Now look at the following examples:
BASIC COURSE
Herr Allen stellt die Herren .YQf..
Füllen Sie bitte dieses Formular aus.
Ich ~ Geld abheben.
Herr Köhler hebt gerade Geld von der Bank ab.
Mr.
Allen introduces the gentlemen to each other.Please fill out this form.
I have to get some money.
Mr.
Köhler is just getting some money from the bank.In these sentences another kind of verb phrase occurs of a FINITE verb (stellt, füllen, ~) and an ACCENTED ADVERB (.YQf., aus, ab). In one of the above sentences we have a three-part verb phrase consisting of a FINITE verb (muss), ACCENTED ADVERB (~-), and INFINITIVE (-heben).
Notice that in the writing system, the accented adverb and tne-Infinitive are written as one unit (abheben).
II. You will have seen that in the above sentences, as in earlier examples, the second part of the verb phrase comes at the end of the sentence. We can now summarize our obseryations about word order in verb phrases up to this point in the following patterns:
1. FINITE VERB 2. FINITE VERB
3.
FINITE VERBINFINITIVE 1Will ••• beantragen
ACCENTED ADVERB stellt •• vor) ACCENTED ADVERB plus INFINITIVE muss ••• abheben) The words gern, lieber, am liebsten
I. We have encountered the ward gern several times now. It occurs by itself, with an inflected verb form, and as apart of the verb phrase with möchte (n).
Let us examine these occurrences more closely.
1. By itself gern signifies polite and willing acquiescence in a suggestion, command or question.
Wollen Sie nicht mitkommen?
Sehr gern.
Können Sie mir seine Adresse geben? Gerne.
Wollen wir heute zusammen in die Stadt fahren? Gerne.
Können wir diesen Stadt-plan behalten? Aber gerne.
Don't you want to come along?
l'd be very glad to.
Can you give me his address? Gladly.
Shall we go down town today?
Glad to.
Can we keep this map of the city?
Yes, indeed.
Note that in these examples the alternate form gerne frequently occurs, varying freely with gern.
2. With an inflected verb form gern signifies pleasure in or enjoyment of the action or state expressed.
Ich bin sehr gern hier.
Wein trinke ich nicht gern.
Da komme ich gern.
Gehen Sie gern ins Kino?
Er trinkt gern Bier.
I' m very glad to be here.
I don't like to drink wine.
l'd be glad to come then.
00 you enjoy going to the movies?
He likes (to drink) beer.
94
As well as expressing acquiescence in a specific suggestion, command or question this is the usual way to say you like doing something in German, describing general attitudes or habits.
VIERUNDNEUNZIG
BASIC COURSE GERMAN UNIT 4
3.
The verb phrase with möchte(n) expresses a polite req1.lest or question.The word gern may or may not occur with it.
Ich möchte gern Zigarren haben.
Was möchten Sie essen?
Vorher möchte ich noch zur Bank gehen.
Ich möchte ein Visum haben.
Möchten Sie gern ins Kino gehen?
l'd like to have some cigars.
What would you like to eat?
First l'd like to go to the bank.
I want to get a visa.
Would you like to go to the movies?
Note that this is everywhere equivalent to the English courtesy formula
"would like", and the request expressed is limited and specific.
11. The words lieber and am liebsten do not occur alone but only with an inflected verb form or as part of the verb phrase with möchte(n).
1. With an inflected verb form lieber and am liebsten express preference or increasing degrees of pleasure or enjoyment.
Ich trinke lieber WÜrz-burger als Pilsner.
Am
liebsten trinke ich ja Löwenbräu.Er raucht lieber Zigarren als Pfeife.
Ich gehe am liebsten ins Theater.
I like WÜrzburger better than Pilsner.
I like LÖwenbräu best of course.
He likes cigars better than a pipe.
I enjoy going to the theater best of all.
2. As part of the verb phrase with möchte(n) the words lieber and am liebsten express preference or intensification in a specific request or question.
Ich möchte lieber Zigarren haben.
Was möchten Sie am liebsten essen?
Möchten Sie lieber Wein oder Bier trinken?
Er möchte am liebsten nach Deutschland fahren.
l'd rather have some cigars.
What would you most like to eat?
Would you rather have wine or beer to drink?
He'd like nothing better than to go to Germany.
SUBSTITUTION DRILL - Part I
This is a drill on the forms of the ein-type specifiers. As in Unit
3
most of the sentence frames are presented with four different substitution groups:
der-nouns, das-nouns and die-nouns separately, and then all mixed up together.
This drill is designed to build fluent and accurate association of nouns in all gender classes with the appropriate forms of the specifier. If ~he previous experience and present skill of the students warrant it, very little time need be spent on groups a, band c. Considerable time should be devoted to group d.
in any case, hov~ver. until real fluency is achieved.
1. Das ist mein Koffer.
a. Pass - Tabak - Sohn - Parkplatz -Fragebogen
b. Hotel Bier Gepäck Geld -Visum
c. Frau Adresse Bank -Universität - Strassenbahn
FÜNFUNDHEUNZIG
mein Pass - mein Tabak - mein Sohn mein Parkplatz - mein Fragebogen mein Hotel - mein Bier - mein Gepäck mein Geld - mein Visum
meine Frau - meine Adresse - meine Bank meine Universität - meine Strassenbahn
95
UNIT 4 GERMAN BASIC COURSE d. Parkplatz Hotel
Universität Geld Pass Strassenbahn Gepäck Sohn Fragebogen Bank Adresse -Tabak - Visum - Frau - Bier 2. Das sind meine Zigaretten.
Zigarren - Streichhölzer Eltern
3.
Ich kenne keinen Amerikaner in dieser Stadt.a. Polizisten Konsul Park -Beamten - Herrn Müller
b. Museum Hotel Theater Cafe -Geschäft
c. Universität Bank
Amerikanerin Frau Kunze -Ludwigstrasse
d. Bank Museum Universität Amerikaner Beamten Hotel Ludwigstrasse Polizisten Theater Cafe Konsul -Geschäft - Frau Kunze Park -Amerikanerin - Herrn Müller
4.
Er wohnt i~ der Nähe von einem Fluqhafen.a. Parkplatz Park Bahnhof -Neubau
b. Museum Hotel Cafe Theater -Zigarrengeschäft
c. Bank Universität Botschaft -Stadt
d. Hotel Botschaft Bahnhof Park Universität Museum -cafe - Flughafen - Bank - Parkplatz Zigarrengeschäft -Neubau - Stadt - Theatet
~. Ist das unser Koffer?
a. Parkplatz Sohn Kollege -Wagen - Omnibus
b. Hotel Gepäck Geld -Formular - Auto
mein Parkplatz- mein Hotel - meine Universität mein Geld mein Pass meine Strassenbahn mein Gepäck -mein Sohn - -mein Fragebogen - -meine Bank meine Adresse mein Tabak -mein Visum - -meine Frau - -mein Bier
meine Zigarren meine Streichhölzer -meine Eltern
keinen Polizisten keinen Konsul -keinen Park - -keinen Beamten - -keinen Herrn Müller
kein Museum kein Hotel kein Theater -kein Cafe - -kein Geschäft
keine Universität - keine Bank - keine Amerikanerin keine Frau Kunze -keine Ludwigstrasse
keine Bank - kein Museum - keine
keine Bank - kein Museum - keine