Longueur de la flamme

La dilution impose enfin une modification de la morphologie de la flamme non-pr´em´elang´ee, notamment sa longueur, not´eeL_f. La plupart des ´etudes concerne la dilution du fuel. Ainsi, Burke and Schumann [1928], pr´ecurseurs dans l’´etude de l’impact de la dilution sur L_f, ont montr´e exp´erimentalement que l’ajout de N₂dans le fuel augmenteL_f pour une flamme sous-ventil´ee (quantit´e de fuel en exc`es), et diminue L<sub>f</sub> pour une flamme sur-ventil´ee (quantit´e d’air en exc`es). Plus tard, Roper et al. [1977]; G¨ulder and Snelling [1993] ont test´e l’impact de N₂ sur diff´erents combustibles, et ont confirm´e la r´eduction deL_f pour une flamme sur-ventil´ee. En outre, dans une configuration de flamme invers´ee (l’oxydant est inject´e au centre et le fuel en p´eriph´erie), Lee et al. [2005] ont constat´e une augmentation de Lf lorsque N2 est dilu´e dans l’´ethyl`ene. Pour les flammes laminaires lift´ees, Lee et al. [1994] ont observ´e que l’ajout de N₂ dans le fuel entraˆıne une augmentation de la hauteur de stabilisation de flamme et une diminution de sa longueur jusqu’au point d’extinction.

En revanche, il existe peu d’´etudes concernant l’influence de la dilution de l’air sur la longueur de flammeL_f d’une flamme non-pr´em´elang´ee. Kumar and Mishra [2008, 2009] ont rapport´e une augmentation d’environ 5% de L_f, lorsque 40% de N₂ est ajout´e `a l’air dans le cas d’un brˆuleur type bluff-body. Cette croissance a ´et´e expliqu´ee par la baisse de la temp´erature qui

2.2. R´eponses de la flamme lors de l’ajout d’un diluant 49 agit sur la r´eduction de la diffusivit´e mol´eculaire de l’oxydant variant en T^1.5. D’autre part, Oh and Shin [2006] ont list´e, sans les commenter, les valeurs de longueur de flamme mesur´ee par visualisation directe, obtenues avec plusieurs diluants inertes. Leurs r´esultats indiquent une augmentation de L_f pour des flammes accroch´ees laminaires.

Malgr´e l’´etablissement de plusieurs corr´elations reliant L_f `a diff´erentes grandeurs de l’´ ecou-lement (cf. section 1.1.2), peu d’´etudes ont saisi l’opportunit´e de les confronter entre elles ou de les comparer `a des mesures exp´erimentales afin de tester leur validation face `a la dilution de l’air. Cette approche fera l’objet des travaux pr´esent´es `a la section 7.4 de ce m´emoire.

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