Algorithmes évolutionnaires assistés par des méthodes d'apprentissage en grandes dimensions
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(18) O :0/?1D7P/Ru%7),m1§XHJ:N<%OD2%-;/RO*K%>5MT>@:5f MPKh:545Oe2%u%MP4@-§u%KK%O*uvD-?7`O*VH?4N1\:N-?u4A2-X;u:o13:5MPO*K K%O*XAXHkG0c 3¢V±ODu%4 !#"$! %#&(')&+* &-,/.0 1 &-'mWL1D>@H>@u%46u%K%-AXHJ:N<%Oe2%-g2Zb1DV%V%4@OjMTX1\:NMPODK 3´K%O*u> HJ:Nu%2MP-?4@O*K%>8-?K¯VL1D4@:5MP/Ru%7PMT-?4Y/RO*XXA-gXAHR:N<OU2%-R>B2ZF1DVV%45OjUMPX13:NMTO*K 7P-R> cd1D/o<%MPK-?>Bf eu%V%VO*4@:-R/R:N-Ru%4 B e0c B;-J:791YXAHR:5<%OU2-_2%uA045MPrD-1Dr*- 5J)3,ZbO*VH?4513:N-Ru%4G0c u:5M A 7TMP>@-2%-R>_MPK%2MTveMP2%u>^2%!H 5f;HRv31D7Tu%H?>_-J:Q>5-z:N45ODuv31DKh:Q7POe/1D7T-?XA-?Kh:^1Du:NODu%4^2%-7Z[MPK%2%M+veMP2%u 2-Rv31DKh3: 2J:N4@-X u:5H hVO*u%42%HRI%K%MP4u%K%-S¡¢O*K%/J:NMPODKAXAOe2%=?7T-Su%M'-R>@:¡´1D/?MT7P-`fBODV:NMTXMT>5-?4R) O*u%4QO*WU:N-?KMP4_u%KsWO*KkXAOU2%=R7P&- K%O*Kk>@-?u%7T-?XA-?Kh:`7P-K%O*X W%4@-02%-0VO*MPKh:N>^2Zb- jU-?XAV%7P-R> -R>@:^MPXAV±O*4w:o1DKh: hX1DMT>^13u%>5>@M±7T-?u%42%MP>@V±OD>5MT:5MPO*K1Du:5O*u%42%-Y7®ZbMTK%2%MTveMT2%uAfBX u:5-?4R),Z[MPDK A 2MTveMP2%u:N45ODuv*H61DV45=?>QODV:NMTXMT>N13:5MPO*KA2%usXOe2%=R7P-S-?>@:`HJv31D7Pu%HY1&vD-?/67918vU451DMP-z¡¢O*K%/R:5MPO*K OD4W @-?/J:NMT¡m-J:Q45HRMPK @-R/R:5HY2L1DK%>Q7P1BVO*V%u%7P13:NMTO*K<) zODu%>Q1v*O*K>Q2%H?XAO*Kh:N4@HY>5u%4^2%6M 5±H?4@-?Kh:N-R> ¡¢ODK%/R:5MPO*K%> A :5-?>@:5>^u%K-K%-J:5:N-1DXAH?7PMTO*4N1\:NMPODK 2%-7P18/RO*Khv*-R45r*-RK%/?-67POe/137P-QVL1D44N13V%V±OD4@:^f uK 1D7Tr*O*4@MT:N<X-BHRv*OD7Pu:5MPO*K%K%1DMP4@-g/?7913>5>5MTu%- .-RK 7Z[Oe/?/?u4545-RK%/?-n7T-?>6>@:54N13:5H?r*MT-?>62Z[HRv*O A 7Tu:NMTO*4K 3® 5 ) ,m1g:N<%=R>5-6-?>w:z¡¢O*4@XHR-02%-6>5M#jk/o<L1DVMT:N4@-?>6t ,.-YV%4@-?XAMP-R4/o<L13V%MT:545-/RO*K%>@MP>@:5--RKku%K§>5u4@v*OD72%-Y7®ZbHJ:o13:2%-z7Zb1D4@:2%-?>^2%6M 5±H?4@-?Kh:N-R> q.
(19) 8. TABLE DES MATIÈRES. :N-?/o<K%MPu%-R>8u%M >5-?4@O*Kh:6u:NMT7PMT>5H?-R>Y-?K>5u%M+:N-g2L1DK>07P-;4@-?>w:N-n2%-g791A:N<%=R>5-D)mK V%4@-?XAMP-R4 7PMP-R%u ^KO*u%>sV%45HR>5-RK:5O*K%>d7P-?>s137Pr*O*4@MT:5<%X-R>2Z[O*V:5MPXAMP>513:NMTO*K 2%HJ:N-R45XAMPK%MT>@:N-R>k2Z[O*452%4@>5u%VH?4@MP-?u4zfgu%K 3´ODV:NMTXMT>N13:5MPO*K2%6M 5±H?4@-?Kh:NMP1DW%7P- 5J) K%>@u%MT:5- KO*u%> MTK:545Oe2%u%MT>5O*K%>B7P-R>g1D7PrDO*45M+:N<%XA-?>6>@:5OU/o<%1D>@:5MPu%-?>A1D7T791DKh:B2%-?>;XH A :N<%Oe2%-?>A2%-£cdO*Kh:N-£]_1D457TO VL1D>@>N1DKh:§V%1D47T-d4@-?/Ru%MT:>5MTX u%7P&H 7P-R>1D7Tr*O*4@MT:N<X-R> HRvD&O A 7Pu:5MPO*K%K%1DMP4@-?> 3´2%O*Kh:07T-?>Y>w:N4513:NHRr*MP-R>Y2Z[HRv*OD7Pu:5MPO*K%> 3® 55S-R:0VO*u%4I%K%MP4z791XAHR:5<%OU22%-g7Z[yQ2L1DV:N13:NMTO*K£2%-g7P1sc13:545MP/R- 2%-A]^O&v31D45MP1DK%/R- 3]Qcdy 5J).u%MT>0K%O*u%>0VL13>5>5ODK%>6-?K 45-Rveu%-7P-?>BV%45MTK%/?MTVL1D7T-?>8XHJ:N<%Oe2%-?>;2ZF13V%V%45OjUMPX13:5MPO*K 2%MP>@V±ODK%MPW%7T-?>At¨2-?> 4@-?V%4@H?>5-RDK A :o13:5MPO*K%>Q>@O*u%>`¡¢O*45XA-02%-6X1DMP7T791Dr*-SH?7TH?XA-?Kh:N>QILKMP>S1DuUjXAHR:5<%OU2-?>`>5V-?/J:N4N137P-?2> 3¢2%O*Kh: 7Zb1DV%V%4@O&jUMTX13:5MPO*Kk2- ,.-?r*-RK%2%4@- 5z-J:Y7P-R>zXAHR:5<%Oe2%-?>fK%O&h13u 3´2%O*Kh:z791AXHJ:N<%Oe2%-82%c1D/o<%MTK%-?>SfUu%V%VO*4@:Q-R/R:5-?u%4S-R:`7P1nXAHR:5<%Oe2%-02%-8045MPrD-1Dr*- 5J) ¨MPKL1D7T-?XA-?Kh: LKO*u%>z¡´13MP>5ODK%>zuK£HR:N13:2-;7Zb1D4w:2%HJ:o1DMT7P7TH02%-?>YXAHR:5<%Oe2%-?>S<hUW45MP2-?> V%45HR/?H?2-?XAX-RK:sV45O*VO*>5HR-?>k/RO*X W%MTKL1DKh:§u%K- 1DV%V%4@OU/o<- 2%HR:5-?45XAMPKMP>@:5--J: 3O*uuK%1DV%V%4@OU/o<%->@:NOe/o<L1D>w:NMTeu-§-R: 3O*uµu%K-§XHJ:N<%Oe2%-2ZF13V%V%45OjUMPX13:5MPO*K),.-/o<%1DV%MT:545-§>@:N-?4@XMTK%-g>5u4B7P1§V%45HR>5-?Kh:N13:NMTO*K 2%-A7Z[-?K>5-?X;W%7P-g2%-R>8¡¢ODK%/R:5MPO*K%> A :5-?>@:5>Bu%M>@-?45ODK:B-?<K A >5u%M+:N-0u:5MP7PMT>5HR-?>QVO*u%4_v31D7PMT2%-?4^K%OD:N4@-81DV%V%4@OU/o<%-3) ,.-A2%-?uejMT=?XA-/o<%1DV%MT:545-A2%MP>@/?u:5-7P1VO*>@>5MPWMP7PM+:NH 2-XAOU2H?7PMT>5-R40791§¡¢O*K%/J:NMPODK¯O*W<A @-?/R:5MT¡±f0VL1D4w:NMP42-QV±O*MTKh:N>V%4@H A~HJv31D7Pu%HR>-R:2Z[u:NMT7PMT>5-?4 7P-?>ODV:NMTX1Duej 2%-R>XAOe2%=?7T-?>1D<V A V%45Oe/o<%H?>/?O*XAX-82%-R>Y/1DK2%MP2L1\:N> A O*V:5MPX1n2-;791n¡¢O*K%/J:NMPODKO*4W @-R/R:5MT¡") zO*u%>zu:NMT7PMT>5O*K%> /?O*XAX-QXAHR:5<%Oe2%-?>2Zb1DV%V%4@O&jUMTX13:5MPO*K>7P-R>_e0cC-J:7T-S64@MPr*-?1Dr*-3)h¨O*u42%HJ:N-R45XAMPK%-R4 7P-?>O*V:NMTX1A2%u XAOU2%=R7P-BK%O*u%>0u:5MP7TMP>5ODK%>z/RO*XAX-;1D7Pr*OD45MT:5<%XA-82HR:N-R45XAMPK%MT>@:5- 791AXH A :N<%Oe2%-_, A~_* B A~)3]^-?>XAHR:5<%OU2-?>2Zb1DV%V45OjUMPX13:NMTO*KB2HR:N-R45XAMPK%-RKh:2Z[u%K%-QX1DK%MT=?45u%K%MPu%-u%KsXO*2=?7P-f;VL1D4w:NMT4^2%-R>QV±O*MTKh:N>_HJvD137Pu%HR>_-R:Q2-?>`VL1D451DX=J:N4@-?>^4@-?V%4@H?>@-?Kh:o1DKh: 7914@H?r*u791D4@MT:NHB-R:07®Zb-R454@-?u%4z>5O*u%<%1DMT:5H?- >@u%4Y7P-R>YVO*MPKh:N> 3e06c 5J),m-;/o<%O*M+j2%- /R-?>0VL1 A 4N1DXA=R:545-?>8O 5±45-A791sV±OD>5>5MTW%MP7TMT:5H 2%-/RO*Kh:N4 *7P-R4B7T-?>8XOe2%=?7T-?>62%-n¡´1 ?ODKµf:545O*uUv*-?4Bu%K XOe2%=?7T-_1D2%1DV:NHSfYK%OD>W-?>@O*MPK>?:) SO*u%>:N-R>@:NODK%>2%6M 5±H?4@-?Kh:N>/R45MT:5=?4@-?>V±ODu%47P-Q/o<O*M+j 2%/?-?>VL1D451DX=J:N4@-?>?<) SOD:NO*K>u%-Y7T-`W%u:2%-7®ZF1DVV%45OjUMPX13:NMTO*KgKZ[-?>w:_VL1D>MP/RML2ZbMTKh:N-?4@V±O A 7P-?47P-XAMP-?uej;VO*>@>5MPW7P-791S¡¢ODK%/R:5MPO*KBO*4W @-?/J:NM+¡ 3X1DMP>m2%-:N45ODuv*-R4 u%KgMTK%2%MTveMT2%uBXA-?MT7P7T-?u%4 eu-g7P-?>0VO*MTK:5>Y2Zb1DV%V%4@-?Kh:NMT>5>51Dr*-g-?K u%K :5-?XAV%>04N1DMT>5O*KKL1DW%7T-D)±,m-R>02%6M 5±H?4@-?Kh:N>Y:5-?>w:N> 2%-6/?-6/o<L1DV%M+:N4@-8>@-?4@O*Kh:S¡´13MT:N>^>5u%4S791;¡¢O*K/R:NMTO*Kk>5V<%=?4@-D) ,.-:545O*MT>5MT=?XA-/o<L13V%MT:545-k1£VO*u%4 Wu:g2%-§2HRILK%MT4 u%K 1D7Tr*O*45M+:N<%XA-n>@:5OU/o<L13>@:NMTu%MT:NHR4N13:5MT¡.>@MPXAV%7P&- UKO*XXAHYyz7Pr*O*yz7P-?1 UW%1D>5H0>@u%4Qu%K%-67PODM±2%HJILK%MT-6fg:54N1v*-R45>`2%-R>QVL1D4N1 A X=J:N45-R>/?ODK%>@:N1DKh:N>?)DyV%4@=?>u%K%-QW45=RvD-`HR:Nu2%-_2%-Q7P1/?O*KhvD-?45rD-?K%/R-S2-Q/?-R:1D7Pr*OD45MT:5<%XA- K%O*u%>.7®Zb<heW%45MT2%O*K%>.4@-?>@V±-R/R:NM+v*-RX-RK: 1v*-R/uK%-XHJ:N<%Oe2%-2%HJ:N-?4@XMTK%MP>w:N8- 3´_* B 5V±O*u4 2%HRILKMP4^uK§V%45-RXMT-?41D7PrDO*45M+:N<%XA-QK%O*XAXHSy7Tr*OhG-J: V%u%MT>_1v*-R/0u%K%-zXHJ:N<%Oe2%-2ZF1D<V A V%45OjUMPX13:NMTO*K 3®e6c O*us04@MPr*-?1Dr*- 5-R:QuK%-0XHJ:N<%Oe2%-Y2HR:N-R45XAMPK%MT>@:5- 3®^ 8 5 2%HJI A K%MP>@>N1DKh:S7Zb1D7PrDO*45M+:N<%XA-`y7PrDO*yV%V) G1DK%>n7P-k/?1D2%45-sM+:NH?4513:NM+¡`-R:A2L1DK>A7T-k>5O*u/?MQ2Z[O*V:5MPXAMP>5-R4 791£4@-?/o<%-R45/o<%-d2%-?>nVL1 A 4N1DXA=R:545-?>B2%-4@H?r*u791D4@MT:NHA-R:;7P-R> 1Du:545-R> VL1D451DX=J:N4@-?>;2HRILK%MT>5>51DKh:g7P-AXOe2%=R7P- mK%ODu%> . . . .
(20) TABLE DES MATIÈRES. 9. V45O*VO*>5ODK%>zuK%-;13V%V%45Oe/o<%-82eKL1DXAMPu%-82L1DK%>S791g4@-?/o<%-R45/o<%- 2-?>V%1D4N1DXA=R:545-R>S2Zbu%KM+:NHR4N13:5MPO*K fk7Zb1Du:545-3) zO*u>6v31D7TMP2%ODK%>YK%OD:545-A1DV%V45Oe/o<%-n>5u%487P-R>Y¡¢O*K%/R:5MPO*K> A :5-?>w:N>62%H A /R45M+:N-?>S1Dus/o<L13V%MT:545-BEU) O*u%4ILK%MP4 *K%O*u>2%HJILK%MT>5>5ODK%>uK%-Sv31D4@M91DKh:5-Q2%-z7®ZF137Pr*O*4@MT:5<%X-<heW%45MT2%- hv31D45MP1DKh:NKO*XXAH?-Sy7Tr*O*yzV%VL^MT>?)yu§7TMP-Ru2Z[u:5MP7PMT>5-R4u%K§1D7Pr*OD45MT:5<%XA-Q2%HR:5-?45XAMPKMP>@:5-zVO*u%4O*DV A :5MPXAMP>@-?4_7T-0XOe2%=?7T- %KO*u%>`u:NMT7PMT>5O*K%>^u%K137Pr*O*4@MT:5<%X-zHRvDO*7Pu:5MPO*KKL1DMP4@- U7P-?>`>w:N4N1\:NH?rDMP-?> 2ZbHJv*O*7Tu:NMTO*K 3´ 5J8) SO*u%>/?O*XAVL1D4@O*K%>s-?KI%K 7P-R>s2%6M 5±H?4@-?Kh:N>d1D7PrDO*45M+:N<%XA-?>§>@u%47P-?> ¡¢ODK%/R:5MPO*K%> A :5-?>@:5> -J:KO*u%>nXODK:545O*K>geu-d7T-?>A1D7PrDO*45M+:N<%XA-?>BMT:NHR4N13:5MT¡¢> yz7Pr*ODyV%V -R: yz7Pr*ODyV%V%WMP>YO*Kh:8u%K /?ODXVO*4@:5-?XA-?Kh:6uL1D>@M A~2HR:N-R45XAMPK%MT>@:5- -J:6K%O*u%>6VO*MPKh:5O*K%>02%-R> 26M A/?u%7+:NHR>2Zbu%KB1D7Tr*O*45M+:N<%XA- 2HR:N-R45XAMPK%MT>@:5-/?O*XAXA-_* B0>5u%4m/R-?4@:N1DMPK-?>.¡¢O*K%/J:NMPODK%> A :5-?>w:N>?) ,.-8eu%13:N4@MP=?XA-0/o<L1DVMT:N4@-B/RO*K%>@MP>@:5-8fAVL137P7PMT-?4_7T-?>`V%4@O*W%7P=RX-R>`45-?K/?O*Kh:N4@H?>z2L1DK%>`7P/o<%1DV%MT:545-§V45H?/RH?2L13K:A-RK V%45O*VO*>51DKh:gu%K%-k<heW%45MT2L13:5MPO*Kµ2-§7Zb1D7PrDO*45M+:N<%XA-ny7PrDO*yV%V 1vD-?/ku%K 1D7Tr*O*45M+:N<%XA-gHRvDO*7PuU:NMPODK%KL1DMT45-rD7PO*WL137 .MP/RM^7T-?>g:N4N1\:NH?rDMP-?>;2ZbHJv*O*7Tu:NMTO*KµMT>5&O A :545O*V-?> U7®ZF137Pr*O*4@MT:5<%X-^y7PrDO*yV%VA>5-z/o<L1D4@r*-1DKh:Q2-791645-R/o<%-?4@/o<%-07POe/137P- D-R:Q2-791 4@-?/o<%-R45/o<%-0rD7PO*WL137P-D)O*u%4/?-?7P1BK%ODu%>_MPKh:545Oe2%u%MP>@O*K%>7Z[O*VH?4N1\:N-?u42%-zX u:N13:NMTO*K§UG0c 3! ! "$! %#')&+* &-, .0 - &-'<5 )]^<L1Du%-kX uU:o13:5MPO*Kµ/RO*454@-?>@V±O*K2 2-§¡´1DMT: f uK%-0MT:5H?4N1\:NMPODKH?7TH?XA-?Kh:o13MP45-S2%-07®ZF1D7Tr*O*4@MT:N<X-Qyz7Pr*O*yzV%V)U,ZbMTK:5-?451D/R:5MPO*K§-RKh:N45-8UG0c -J:g>?Z[- 5±-?/J:Nu%-f6:54N1v*-R45>7P-R>VL1D4N13X=J:N45-R>2%-?>X u:N13:NMTO*K%>rh13u%>5>@MP-?KK%-?>R) SO*u%>2%H A I%K%MP>@>5O*K%>613MPK%>@M u%K VL1D451DXA=R:N4@- 2%-g/RO*Kh:N4 D7P- u%M13r*MT:2%MP4@-?/R:5-?XA-?Kh:0>@u%407Z[H?u%MT7PMPW45- jUV%7PO*4513:NMTO*DK A -JjUV%7PODMT:o1\:NMPODK) SO*u%>s/?O*XAVL1D4@O*K%>kK%O3:N45- 13V%V%45Oe/o<%- 1v*-R/¯u%K- 1Du:N4@- 1DV%V%4@OU/o<%&- QMPK%>@V%MP4@H?-£2cyYdMPKh:545Oe2%u%MT:5-6VL1D4 <%O*X1D> D/ 3´-?7T7P- A~X 2?XA-045-?V45H?>@-?Kh:o13K:5- 2%-B7Zb1DV%V%4@OU/o<%2UUK%1DXMTu%-2%HJILK%MT-VL1D4ByK%2Uµ0-13K%- 5 ¨-J:gK%O*u%>B791svD137PMP2O*K%>6>5u%4;7P-?>8¡¢O*K%/J:NMPODK%> A :5-?>w:N>?) GY13K%>B7T-g>5M#jMT=?XA-g/o<L1DV%M+:N4@- K%ODu%>;13V%V%7PMTu%O*K%>8GYc A" fu%K V%4@O*W%7P=RX-;V%4N1 A :5MPu%-gV%4@O&v*-?K%1DKh:B2-g791ILKL13K%/?-nuL1DKh:NM+:o13:5MTvD-D)}~7 >?Zb1Dr*MT:Y2ZbuK XAOe2%=?7T- 2%-gX1D45/o<%H MTK%/?ODXV%7T-R:0u%M:54N1DM+:N- 7P1kV%45O*W7PH?X13:5MPu%- 2%u *$%#& :NO*uU:6-?K V%45O*VO*>51DKh:BuK%-n/?O*Du A vD-?4w:Nu%4@- 2UUK%1DXMTu%-£O*V:5MPX1D7P-3)^,m1µ/?1D7PMTW%4N13:5MPO*K 2Z[u%Kº:N-?7zXOe2%=R7P-£/RO*K%2%u%M+:sfµ791 4@H?>@O*7Pu:5MPO*K2Z[u%K V%4@O*W%7P=RX-82%-BXMTK%MPXAMP>513:NMTO*K§X1D7.V±OD>5HD) zO*u>XAO*Kh:N45ODK%>zu%-;7P-?> XAHR:5<%Oe2%-?><eW%4@MP2%-R>^2%-S:~eV±-6UG0c A"V-?uUv*-?Kh:S1DVV±O*4w:N-R4u%KV%7Pu%>VL1D44N13V%V±OD4@:^f 2-?>YXAHR:5<%OU2-?>2HR:N-R45XAMPK%MT>@:5-?>S/?O*XAX-B, A"_* 8 A"¹u%M¨K- 2%O*K%K-?Kh:0VL1D>S:NO*u @O*u%45> 7P1 W±ODK%K%-6>5O*7Tu:NMTO*K) KILK 7P-A>5M#jMT=?XA-/o<%1DV%MT:545-§/RO*K%/R7Pu:;791:5<%=?>@-§VL1D4Bu%K W%4@-R¡`4N13V%V±-R7^2%-R> V%4@MPDK A /RMPVL13uUjd45H?>@u%7T:N13:N>zO*W:5-?Ku%>?)4@-?KL13K:Y/?O*XAX-8-JjU-RXV%7T-;7T-;/13>2%- 7P1A¡¢O*K/R:NMTO*K£`&O A >@-?KW%4@OU/ '45HRV%u:NHR-B26M A/?MT7P- UK%O*u%>`2%ODK%K%O*K%>`u%-R7Pu%-?>SV-?45>@V±-R/R:5MTv*-R>z>@u%4`7P-R>`1D2L1DDV A :N13:NMTO*K%>V±O*>@>5MTW%7P-R>_2%-?>Q<heW%4@MP2L13:5MPO*K>^V%4@O*V±OD>5H?-R>S1DuUj/1D>QX1D7/?O*K%2MT:NMTO*K%K%HR>?D) zO*u> XAO*Kh:N4@O*K%>uZbuK§/?O*uV%791DrD-S2-YGYc 1v*-?/7916XHJ:N<%Oe2%-`V%7Pu>4@H?/?-RKh:N-Y2%-S7Z[yQ2L1DVU:o1 A . . .
(21) 10. TABLE DES MATIÈRES. :NMPODK2%-B791§cd13:N4@MP/?-B2%-n]^O&v31D45MP1DK%/R- 3]Qcy 5z>@-?X W%7T-;u%K-;v*O*MT-B:545=?>V%45O*XA-R:@:N-Ru%>5-3) zO*u%>gXAO*Kh:N4@O*K%>gHRrh1D7P-RX-RKh:neu-7T-§K%O&h13u>@MPr*XAO 2- WMP-?K u%-sW-1Du%/RO*u%V V%7Pu> 2%H?7TMP/1\:Af X1 P:545MT>5-?4;eu-d7T-KOª*1Du 61Du%>@>5MT-?K 7T-sV%7Pu%>nu:5MP7TMP>5H 3´-R:-?KVL1D4w:NMP/Ru%7PMT-?4 u:NMT7PMP>@H2L13K%>z7P1;:N<%=R>5- 5 '-?>w:S:545=R>SMTKh:NH?4@-?>@>N1DKh:z-R:SXHR45M+:N-Yu%K-8HJ:Nu%2-B>wU>w:NHRX13:5MPu%-3) .
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