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INTERNAL FRICTION AND ULTRASONIC
ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE
NORMAL TO INCOMMENSURATE TRANSITION
IN NiTi(Fe) ALLOY
Guei Jian-Ming, Zhu Jin-Song, Wang Ye-Ning
To cite this version:
INTERNAL FRICTION AND ULTRASONIC ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE NORMAL TO INCOMMENSURATE TRANSITION IN NiTi(Fe) ALLOY
GUEI JIAN-MING, ZHU JIN-SONG AND WANG YE-NING
Institute of Solid State Physics and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
Abstract - llm ultrasonic attenuation m i m a with two corresponding minima of longitudinal sound velocity and two i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n ~ a k s have been m a - sured i n NiTi(Fe) a l l o y on cooling a& about -26O~ and -90 C respectively. observation shows t h e m h a t -26 C i s associated with t h e n o m l - i n c o m n - s u r a t e t r a n s i t i o n whereas t h a t a t -90°c is due t o lock-in t r a n s i t i o n . The E- chanism of t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n associated with N / I t r a n s i t i o n is centered on.
I - INTRODUCTION
-A number of anomalies have been observed i n NiTi a l l o y s above t h e martensitic trans- i t i o n temperature, which was considered t o be t h e p-e-martensitic e f f e c t . Electron microscopic investigation made by Wayman /1/ on NiTi(Fe) a l l o y s shows t h a t these anomalies are induced by t h e n o r m a l - i n c o m n s u r a t e ( N / I ) t r a n s i t i o n and t h e subsequent incomnsurate-comnensurate(I/C) o r n m A lock-in t r a n s i t i o n which has no d i r e c t re- l a t i o n s h i p with rrartensitic t r a n s i t i o n . Discomnensurations have been found in NiTi by Michal /2/ through l a t t i c e h g e s . The i n c o m n s u r a t e phase t r a n s i t i o n has been observed i n many c r y s t a l s i n recent years. However, ultrasonic attenuation and sound v e l o c i t y studies r e l a t e d t o t h e N / I and I / C t r a n s i t i o n were made i n only a few crys- t a l s such as Rb ZnC14, K2ZnC1 /3/ and K2Se0, /4/ and i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n measurerents were made i n ~ i * i (Fe) / 5 / , ~ a & ? ~ /6/ a t KHz h g e . Analysis was made on the variation of C55 i n t h e v i c i n i t y of I/C t r a n s i t i o n i n K2Se04, considering t h e influence of discomnensurations, but no s a t i s f a c t o r y t h e o r e t i c a l explanation has been made f o r i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n and attenuation c o e f f i c i e n t associated with N / I t r a n s i t i o n yet. In t h i s paper, NiTi(Fe) is used because i n t h i s a l l o y , t h e C / I t r a n s i t i o n temperature
(T,)is widely separated from t h e N / I trans'ition temperature (Ti) t h a t enables one t o concentrate on t h e ultrasonic attenuation and i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n investigations of N / I t r a n s i t i o n . S a w electron microscopic observations have been made and t h e mechanism of i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n are discussed.
(210-642
JOURNAL
DE PHYSIQUEI1 - EXPERIMENTAG TECHNIQUE
The samples with concentration 52.12 a t % Ti,46. 6 a t %
P
N i and 1.82 a t % Fe, were t r e a t e d with standard method /I/. Internal f r i c t i o n (Q- ) w a s measured by an inverted torsion pendulum and ultrasonic attenuation by Matec Wdel 6600 and sound velocity measurmnt was carried out using pulse echo overlap method on t h e s a m apparatus.I11 - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(1) ultrasonic attenuation and sound velocity
ultrasonic attenuation measured on cooling shows t h a t there are two attenuation max-
irra a t - 2 6 ' ~ and -90°c respectively with two correspending minim of longitudinal sound velocity (Fig. 1). Electron microscopic observation shows that weak s u p e r l a t t i c e diffraction spots near 1/3 (110) and 1/3 (111) position of B2 s t r u c t u r e appear a t
about -26O~ and intensify with de- I T I
.
I Vl( cm/ s) creasing temperature(Fig. 2 ) u n t i l x105 forming needle-like domains of Rphase about -90°c (Fig. 3 ) , which
0.4
-
.
is i n accordance with Wayman1s EMobservation on t h e analogous a l l o y / I / . It is convincible t h a t -26O~ -4*92 attenuation maximum is r e l a t e d t o 0.3 t h e N / I t r a n s i t i o n whereas ;he
-
4.88 maximum a t -90°c is due t o I / C tr-ansition. Since t h e phase formed i n
0.2
-
4,84 t h e I / C t r a n s i t i o n bears t h e chara-c t e r i s t i c s of martensite, it is reasonable t o consider t h e mchanism
I 1 I
-4.80 of attenuation t o be similar t o t h a t
I I 1
-11.0 -90 -70 -50 -30 -1 0
Oc of tenuation masured a t 4.6-12.1 MHz MT / 7 / 8 /
.
Fig. 4 shows t h e a t -tempesaturo in the process of N / I t r a n s i t i o n , it is c l e a r l y seen t h a t the atten- Fig. 1
-
Attenuation and longitudinal sound uation is proportional t o t h e square velocity as function of temperature a t 4.6MHz of m u r i n g frequency (Fig. 4 ( b ) )r -.
Y'
' . , ' , ~-.
, ..
..-..-:
'.
.-
- "-
> ,.
..
.
,.Fig. 2 - c111) zone diffraction patterns Fig. 3
-
Eletron micrograph showing showing 113 (8 6 )
superlattice r e f l e c t i o n s a t y p i c a l example of needle domainsa t - 4 0 ' ~
at
-95*cin which t h e background attenuation in higher temperature s i d e has been
&ducted
I
I I I I I I I -50 -40 -30-20
-10 0 10 OCtemperature
Fig. 4
-
( a ) Attenuationas
function of temperature a t 4.6 MHz, 9.7 MHz, 12.1 MHz ( b ) Attenuation vs square of measuring frequency a t d i f f e r e n t +emeraturc. -1 1 0 -90 -70 -50 -30 -1 0 'C temperature ( 2 ) I n t e r n a l FrictionThe Q-I, measured i n a n i n v e r t e d t o r s i o n pendulum on cooling ( f i g . 5 ) , shows a smll peak about - 2 6 ' ~ and a l a r g e r one about - 9 0 ' ~ with a high plateau between two peaks. EM analysis m i f e s t s that peak a t -26Oc is associated with N / I
t r a n s i t i o n while t h e one at - 9 0 " ~ with I / C tr- a n s i t i o n . Thinking on t h e presence of needle type domains i n t h e lock-in t r a n s i t i o n s i m i l a r t o t h e s i t u a t i o n in w t e n s i t i c t r a n s i t i o n , it is reasonable tp a t t r i b u t e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n t o s t r e s s induced
m t & y
of interphase boundaries of R phase /9/. The Q m N / I t r a n s i t i o n a t d i f f e r e n t frequencies and heating r a t ew a s
m- asured ( f i g . 6 ( a ) ) and t h e l i n e a r i t y of q k o 'f/f i s obtained (Fig. 6 ( b ) ). W e none-zero in- t e r c e p t of t h e longitudinal a x i s -lies t h e Q-I under isothermal condition. Magnitude ofFig. 5
-
I n t e r n a l f r i c t ' i o n as funct- Fig. 6-
( a ) I n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n as function ion of temperature a t f = l . 7Hz and of temperature a t d i f f e r e n t measuring freq- ~=l'c/min. uency y d h e ~ t i n g r a t e .( b ) C&& vs T/f
Q-I a t = 0 , i s approximately equal t o plateau between t h e two peaks which does not change with T and f
.
Ac$uall-y phonon r e l a x a t i o n does not contribute t o Q - ~ a t f = 1Hz.(30-644
JOURNAL
DE PHYSIQUEconstant i n t h e instance of c h a n s , half of work done by applied stress
is
d i s s i p a t e d which give rise t o i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n . The l a r g e r the change of e;astic constant i n a v i b r a t i o n period t h e l a r g e r t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n , n-ly Q-'&T/~. Because t h e height of t h e Q-' p l a t e a u a t . t h e lower t e p a t u r e s i d e of t h e I/C t r a n s i t i o n peak does not change e i t h e r with T o r f , we consider it t o be t h e s t a t i c h y s t e r e s i s l o s s due t o t h e existance of d i s c o m n s u r a t i o n i n t h i s temperature range. I n t h e NiTi(Fe)/l/ a l l o y , the l a t t i c e and i n c o m n s u r a t e modulation lock-in and become c o m n s u r a t e p r i n c i p a l l y through t h e rhombohedra1 d i s t o r t i o n due t o t h e abrupt expansion along < l l l > d i r e c t i o n about Tc and t h e number of d i s c o m n s u r a t i o n s almost remain unchanged m t h e i n c o m n s u r a t e pp"". So a s t a b l e Q-I p l a t e a u appears. We intend t o observe t h e r e l a t i o n between Q and t h e l a t t i c e images of d i s c m n s u r a t ' o n by means of high r e s o l u t i o n e l e c t r o n microscopy. Mercier's /3/ investigation of Q' i n NiTi (Fe) with s i m i l a r content at KHz range shows no obvious peak a t Ti and a broad protrusion int h e region of N/I t r a n s i t i o n , it m y be a t t r i b u t e d t o the increase of frequency much more tp 1Hz s o t h a t make ?/f tend t o zero. It is a l s o easy t o explain t h a t why the Q- peak of N / I t r a n s i t i o n measured at 3.69KHz is much l m r than t h a t obtained a t 0.5KHz i n TaSe2
/ 6 / .
REFERENCES
/1/ Hwang, C. M., Wic,hle, M., S a l m n , M. B. and Wayman, C. M., Philo. Mg.
5
(1983) 9./2/ Michal, C. M., et. a l , Acta & t a l .
30
(1982) 125./3/ Shunsube Hirotsu, Kiyoshi t o y t a and katsumi Hamno, F e r r c e l e c t r i c s
2
(1981)319. /4/ Rehwald,W. and Vonl?nthen,A. Solid s t a t e C o m .2
(1981) 209./5/ W r c i e r , O., Tirhonod B. and Torok, E., J.& physique
2
(1981) 1073. /6/ Barmatz, M.,Testardi L. R. and D i Salvo, F. J . , Phys. Rev. (1975) 4367. /7/ Zhu Jin-song, Wang Ye-ning and Shen Hui-min, J. de Physique (1983) 235. /8/ Pace,N. G. and Saunders.G. A. Philo. Phg. 22 (1970) 73/9/ Wang Ye-ning,et a l , Proc. F i r s t China-U. S ~ A . B i l a t e r a l m e t a l l u r g i c a l c o n f e r e n c e (1981) 552 Beijing
