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Current Technologies in Automatic Test Suites Generation and Verification of Complex Systems

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(1)Current Technologies in Automatic Test Suites Generation and Verification of Complex Systems Sergiu Adrian Darabant. To cite this version: Sergiu Adrian Darabant. Current Technologies in Automatic Test Suites Generation and Verification of Complex Systems. [Intern report] 99-R-140 || darabant99a, 1999, 23 p. �inria-00098795�. HAL Id: inria-00098795 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00098795 Submitted on 26 Sep 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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(21) #”ƒh‹Š”ƒŠª~  {–—}Š P‹C°± e‰+~®’Š’Š“„ŒŽ„ƒŠª–˜}Š{&–—{(–‡Š„–—{¶–˜ ~q‰‡ŠƒŠƒŠ„ƒŠªq” ’Š“”{{ƒc–³~®–—” eƒO µ·}Š{"—{(‘ eƒŠ‹ ’Š‰— e«h“”{()B~Œ|“” Ž eɆ” ’Š“”{‰4–˜}Š~ˆƒ ¿–ā”²@«h‡h–Ä–˜}Š{"½ µ  ”ªe}c–Ä«Y{.~:”ƒŠªˆ“”{‚“”~HŒˆ{(‰q e‰q~ ‘( e ’] ˆƒŠ{(ƒc– —‡Š‰‰— e‡hƒŠ‹Š{(‹È«©ŒÇ ®–˜}Š{‰ “”~Œe{(‰  : ˆ‰  e‰{ y»+„–—} „ƒc–˜{(‰º°T~ˆ‘({ –— ¬–—}Š{({“”~Œe{(‰(¦Èz†{"‘~ˆƒ ‰—{°±{‰y–— /–˜}Š„~ˆ¯–˜}Š{B{(«Y{(‹Š‹h{(‹À–˜{–Ä’h‰— e«Š“„{(IÕ E½ U/Ø N ÚX¦ ñ ƒh ˆ–˜}Š{‰4’Š‰ e«Š“„{(!”¯–˜}~®–y–˜}Š{ –˜{–˜{‰q~ˆƒŠ‹ –˜}Š{y½ µ ‘~ˆƒ/«]{y’Š}cŒP”‘(~ˆ“”“¿Œ"—{(’Š~ˆ‰˜~®–—{(‹/°±‰ e {~ˆ‘³}/ ˆ–˜}Š{‰(²L~ˆ»@{˜~» „ƒ–˜}h{‘~ˆ{4 ˆ°'‰{( ˆ–˜{¾–˜{–—”ƒŠª ~ˆ‰—‘³}Š¿–˜{‘–˜‡h‰—{ˆ¦·µ·}h” ‘(~ˆ—{¯””“„“”‡Šº–˜‰—~®–˜{‹.„ƒ.–—}Š{y͊ªe‡Š‰—{yÙh¦¹z†{y’h‰—{({(ƒc–&„ƒ.–—}Š”+ͪe‡Š‰{¯–—}Š{y–­ŒŽ’Š„‘~ˆ“x‘(~ˆ—{ ˆ°'~BƒŠ{–­»k ˆ‰—É/“”~Œe{(‰ ˆ°'~B’h‰— ˆ–— P‘ e“ ±–˜}h{4½ µ +–˜}~®– ”+–˜{–˜{‹´ H€e{(‰¶~BƒŠ{–­»@ e‰ÉY¦ µ·}Š{‘( ˆ‡hƒŠ”‘(~®–˜„ eƒ ‘³}~ˆƒŠƒŠ{“k«Y{–­»@{({ƒÇ–—}Š{–—{(º–˜{(‰4~ˆƒŠ‹|–—}Š{B½ µ=”y~.€Ž”‰º–˜‡~ˆ“' eƒh{»+}Š„“”–¯–˜}h{‚~ˆ‘–˜‡~ˆ“‘( ˆ‡hƒŠ”‘(~®–˜„ eƒ:” ‹Š eƒŠ{«cŒ{(~ˆƒŠ ˆ°~ˆƒ´~ˆ‘–˜‡~®“8’Š}cŒŽ—„‘~ˆ“8‘³}~ˆƒŠƒh{(“#–—}~®–¶‘ e ‡ŠƒŠ„‘~®–—{((²Y e– ˆ°3–˜}Š{¯–˜„{®²]„ƒŠ‹Š”‰{(‘–˜“„Œ »+„–˜}C–—}Š{¾½ µ&¦ . R. #”ªe‡h‰—{&Ù3µ·}h{yªe{ƒŠ{(‰—~ˆ“‘( ˆƒh°± e‰—~ˆƒŠ‘{&’Š‰— ˆ«Š“”{ ñ ƒŠ ˆ–—}Š{(‰’h‰— e«Š“„{(!}Š{‰—{‚„y–˜}Š~®–4–—}Š{B–˜{–—{(‰Ä ”ªe}c–¯ƒŠ ˆ–Ä«Y{‚~®«Š“”{ –˜ ‡Š’Š’Š“¿Œ|„ƒŠ’Š‡h–—~ˆƒŠ‹`‰{–—‰—”{€e{ e‡h–˜’h‡h–˜·°± e‰–˜}h{¯½ µ ”ƒ"~q‘( ˆ’Š“„{–—{(“„Œ‰—{“””~ˆ«Š“”{B~®ƒŠƒŠ{(‰¦ ·Ü å æGãhïÒá'å ä'ë çîcãhïÒåð ½­ƒ¬–—}Š{{(~ˆ‰—“¿Œ´«Y{(ªe„ƒŠƒŠ”ƒhªe&‘( eƒP°± e‰—~ˆƒŠ‘{q–—{(º–˜”ƒhª«Y{(‘(~ˆ{ ~ˆƒ¬”—‡Š{q»+}Š{ƒ†–˜}h{B~ˆ‹h„ƒŠ”º–˜‰˜~ –˜ e‰ ˆ°@–˜}Š{ ͉—º–y’h‡Š«Š“”„‘‹~®–˜~CƒŠ{–­»@ e‰—É©¯}~ˆ‹:–˜ C‹Š{–˜{‰— ”ƒŠ{–—}Š{ ~ˆ‹Š{(¼©‡~®‘Œ: ˆ°@‘( e  {(‰—‘Á~ˆ“{(¼©‡Š„’Š {(ƒc–¾–˜}~®–&»k~ˆ ‡Š—{‹† eƒ´–—}Š{(„‰¶ƒŠ{–­»@ e‰ÉŽ¦qµ·}Š{q’Š‰— e«h“”{( »¹~®¾–— ‚€e{‰—„°œŒ–˜}Š{q‘ eƒh°± e‰B~ˆƒh‘({ ˆ°–˜}h{Ä{(¼©‡Š”’h{ƒ©–¾–— ‚–˜}Š{ ƒŠ{–­»@ e‰—ɍ–˜~ˆƒŠ‹~ˆ‰‹/»+„–—}Š e‡h– }~€Ž”ƒŠªC~®‘(‘({—¶–— B–˜}Š{4’Š‰— e’h‰—”{–³~ˆ‰ºŒe²Y”ƒc–˜{‰—ƒ~®“#‹Š{–³~ˆ„“” ˆ°3–˜}Š{y{(¼©‡Š„’Š{ƒc–¦ ñ ––—}~®–·–—” { –˜}Š{&͉–~®––˜{( ’h–—¹–˜ «Š‡Š”“„‹C{ ]{(‘–˜„€ˆ{&–˜{(º– ‡Š„–—{(+}~ˆ‹C–­»@ B~ˆ”ƒBªe c~ˆ“„$   µ8 ¾{–³~®«Š“”„—}Ė˜}~ –~ˆƒq” ’Š“”{{ƒ©–˜~®–˜„ eƒ4‰{~ˆ“„ {(3~ˆ“„“P–—}Š{·°±‡ŠƒŠ‘–—” eƒh3 ˆ°]–—}Š{· e‰”ªe„ƒ~ˆ“Ž—’Y{(‘(¿Í‘~ –˜” ˆƒO  µ8 B{(–˜~ˆ«Š“„”—}–˜}~®–¶~ˆƒ„’Š“„{( {(ƒc–³~ –˜” ˆƒ.‘(~ˆƒ´’Š‰ e’]{‰—“¿Œ‰{Òò{‘–&{‰—‰— ˆƒŠ{( e‡h¶”ƒŠ’h‡h–˜¶„ƒ~»k~Œ/–—}~®– ”·‘ eƒŠ—„–—{(ƒc–+»+„–˜}C–—}Š{¾ e‰—„ªe”ƒ~®“L—’Y{(‘„Í‘(~®–˜„ eƒO µ·}Š{(‰{~®‰—{«~®—”‘(~ˆ“”“¿Œ"–­»k "–­ŒŽ’]{¯ ®°°T~®‡Š“„–—¶‹Š{–—{(‘–˜{(‹¬«cŒ {–—}Š P‹h&«~ˆ—{‹: eƒ:½ eÅ R ô U(¦ ñ ƒ´ e‡h–—’Š‡h– °T~ˆ‡Š“„–¯ Ž‘(‘‡Š‰—¯»+}Š{(ƒ`~"–˜‰—~ˆƒŠ—¿–˜„ eƒ†’h‰— Ž‹Š‡Š‘({~ˆƒ†‡ŠƒŠ{0•h’Y{(‘–˜{‹š ˆ‡h–˜’Š‡P–y°± e‰y~ªˆ„€e{ƒ|„ƒŠ’Š‡h–(¦ ñ –—‰˜~ˆƒŠº°±{(‰ °T~ˆ‡Š“„–k P‘‘(‡Š‰¹»+}Š{(ƒ~4–˜‰—~ˆƒŠ„–˜„ eƒ‚“„{~€e{¹–˜}Š{&„’Š“„{( {(ƒc–³~ –˜” ˆƒ„ƒ"~ˆƒC”ƒŠ‘ e‰—‰{(‘–·–˜~®–˜{ œ»+„–˜}C‰{(’]{‘–+–˜ –˜}Š{¾—’Y{(‘„Í‘(~®–˜„ e ƒ 0¦ ½­ƒ ÕÏË8~eØ ®Ú ~¬°T~ˆ‡h“„– Ž‹Š{(“+„‹Š{̓Š{‹~ˆ‚~†–—‰—„’Š“”{ ¾²k»+}Š{(‰{ „B~†‰—{°±{‰—{ƒŠ‘({½ ˆÅ R ô U ±–˜}Š~®–¾ ˆ°k–—}Š{q—’Y{(‘„Í‘(~®–˜„ e. ƒ ² ²x‘~®“”“”{‹´–˜}Š{&¢  £ Žž ¡ ¢ˆ™œ›²„¶–˜}Š{q—{–4 ®°¹~ˆ“„9“ T’Y e—”«h“„Œ/°T~®‡Š“„–­PŒ R. . . . 

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(24) Ñ ž V Ž‹Š{(“X²3^¦×{ˆ¦`–˜}h{ eƒh{"–—}~®–q‘ e‰—‰{(—’Y eƒŠ‹h  –— ¬–—}Š{C°±‡ŠƒŠ‘–—” eƒŠ~ˆ“k–˜{–—”ƒŠªŠ¦ ñ ‘( e ’Š“”{–˜{ –˜{(º–č—‡h„–˜{µ ô »+„–—}À‰—{—’Y{(‘–Ä–— /–˜}h{°T~ˆ‡Š“¿– P‹h{(“  ¸”4~̓Š¿–˜{—{– ˆ°·ÍƒŠ¿–˜{ ”ƒŠ’Š‡P–q—{(¼©‡Š{ƒŠ‘({B ˆ°–˜}h{C‰—{°±{‰—{ƒŠ‘({.½ eÅ R ô U —‡Š‘³}š–˜}~®–Ä°± ˆ‰Ä~ˆƒcŒ R ô U  Š²„°   –—}Š{(ƒ –˜}Š{‰—{&{•P„–˜+~®ƒ.„ƒŠ’Š‡h–k—{¼Ž‡h{(ƒŠ‘ {

(25) `—‡h‘³}"–—}~®– ~®ƒŠ‹ ꒊ‰— Ž‹Š‡Š‘{&‹Š3 ]{(‰{(ƒc–+ e‡h–—’Š‡h–·{(¼©‡Š{(ƒh‘({(–˜

(26) kFÕ Ex½ UØ N®ÚX¦ ·Ü  kãŽâ æYã âhä'ë çîcãPïºåð ½­ƒ.–—}Š”k–—{(º–»@{y~ˆ‰—{&ƒŠ ®–+‘( eƒŠ”‹Š{‰—„ƒŠª ~ˆƒcŒC‹~®–˜~q’Š~ˆ‰˜~ˆ {–—{(‰¹€®~ˆ“„‡Š{(¦3½­ƒŠ–—{~ˆ‹O²Š–—}Š{¾{( ’Š}~ˆ”·„· eƒC–˜}Š{ ‘( eƒc–˜‰ e“Y–˜‰‡Š‘–—‡Š‰—{ ˆ°O–˜}h{¶’Š‰— ®–˜ Ž‘( e“X¦#µ‰ŒŽ”ƒŠª¯–˜ ’h‰— H€e{ –—}~®––˜}Š{ ”ƒc–˜{‰—ƒ~ˆ“Gº–˜‰—‡h‘–˜‡h‰—{¶ ˆ°~¯‘( e ’Y eƒŠ{(ƒc–k” {(¼©‡Š„€®~ˆ“„{(ƒc–'»+„–—}q–—}Š{—’Y{(‘(¿Í‘~ –˜” ˆƒ ˆƒŠ{+”'ªe{(ƒh{(‰˜~®“”“„Œ4” ’] ˆ——„«Š“”{k~ˆ'–˜}Š{+ƒ©‡Š«Y{(‰' ˆ°]–˜{(º–˜'–˜ ¯B~®‹Š{·‘~ˆƒ «]{ā„ƒh̓Š¿–˜{ˆ¦¾½Ã–¾‘ e‡Š“”‹´«Y{ăŠ{‘({(˜~ˆ‰ºŒ´–˜ C e«h—{(‰º€e{ ~ˆ“„“#’Š‰{(‹Š„‘–˜{‹´–˜‰˜~®‘({(¶»+}Š~®–¾”²O{•P‘({’h–¾°± e‰ –—}Š{ď ˆ– –˜‰—¿€ŽÁ~ˆ“OºŒŽ–˜{²L„’Y e—”«Š“„{¶”ƒ~Ä̓Š„–—{y ˆ‰(²ˆò‡Š–‰—{(~ˆ— ˆƒ~ˆ«Š“„{ˆ²Y~ˆ e‡Šƒc– ˆ°#–—” {ˆ¦k½­ƒ’Š‰˜~®‘–˜„‘({&»@{4}~€e{ –˜ qB~®Éˆ{¾— e {&—„’h“”„°œŒŽ„ƒŠª~ˆ—‡Š ’h–—” eƒŠ(ÕÏÆ e“ÁØ õ ² E½ U/Ø N Ú  õ ¦+µ·}Š{C½ µ¸ P‹Š{“”4~‹Š{–—{(‰— ”ƒh”–—”‘ ̓Š„–—{Bº–³~®–—{CB~ˆ‘³}h”ƒŠ{B»+¿–˜}Ç~É©ƒŠ H»+ƒÇB~Еh„‡Š!ƒ©‡Š«Y{(‰ ˆ°1º–³~®–—{( ~ˆƒŠ‹»+¿–˜}/~É©ƒŠ H»+ƒ”ƒh’Š‡h– ~ˆƒŠ‹/ ˆ‡h–˜’Š‡P–€ˆ P‘(~ˆ«Š‡Š“”~ˆ‰Œˆ¦Ŷ–—}Š{(‰º»+”{y»@{4‘( ˆ‡Š“”‹‘( eƒŠº–˜‰‡Š‘– ~ÀB~®‘³}Š”ƒŠ{»+}Š”‘³}»k ˆ‡Š“”‹*’~®—.~Àªe„€ˆ{(ƒ*–˜{–"{(¼©‡Š{(ƒh‘({|«cŒÈ‡Š—„ƒŠªš~ˆCB~®ƒ©Œ –˜~®–˜{.~ˆ‚–˜}Š{‰—{ ~ˆ‰—{"–˜‰—~ˆƒŠ„–˜„ eƒŠÄ„ƒš–—}Š{{(¼©‡Š{ƒŠ‘({®¦ µ·}Š{’Š‰˜~®‘–˜„‘({"”ƒÇ–˜}h{/“”¿–˜{‰˜~®–—‡Š‰—{C„q–— |‘ eƒŠ—„‹Š{(‰q–˜}Š~®–q–˜}Š{ ” ’Š“”{{ƒc–³~®–—” eƒ}~ˆ+ƒŠ q ˆ‰—{&–˜~®–˜{–—}~ˆƒC–˜}h{¯’]{‘(¿Í‘~®–—” eƒOÕ M ñ

(27) Ø G ÚX P¦+µ·}Š{¾—’Y{(‘„Í‘(~®–˜„ eƒ"½ eÅ R ô U!„·–˜‰ eƒŠªe“¿Œ‚‘ eƒŠƒŠ{‘–˜{‹O²Y— Ė˜}~ – ~®“”“Lº–³~®–—{(+‘~®ƒ«Y{&€P„—¿–˜{(‹L Ùh¦+µ·}Š{ —’Y{(‘(¿Í‘~ –˜” ˆƒ¬½ ˆ? Å R ô U ”& ”ƒŠ„3 ({(‹L¦Ä½Ã°¹ƒŠ ˆ–¾–—}Š{(‰{B~ˆ‰{ ~ˆ“”ªe ˆ‰—„–—}Š –˜}Š~®–¯‘~ˆƒ†’]{‰°± e‰ „ƒŠ”  (~®–˜„ eƒÄ°± e‰+~qªe„€ˆ{(ƒ.~ˆ‡h–— eB~ –˜ eƒO ½­ƒ~ˆ‹Š‹h„–˜„ eƒC–˜ q–˜}Š{—{y’Š‰— e’Y{(‰º–˜„{(+»k{y‘~ˆƒ”ƒc–˜‰ P‹Š‡h‘({¯ ˆ–˜}Š{‰—”ƒ. e‰—‹h{(‰+–˜ B~ˆƒ~®ªe{&‹Š3 ]{(‰{(ƒc–’Š‰— e«h“”{(  –˜}~®–+‘(~ˆƒ~ˆ’Š’Y{~ˆ‰¦Å&ƒh{¯ ®°8–—}Š{( ‘ e‡Š“”‹"«Y{qÕÏÆ e“ÁØ õ "Ú  XŠ ¦ 

(28) @ž W¡ !”¥£Ò¥›L¥³Ó³Ó¯¢ Ó³Ó P¡WY£T™^ž › y¨k½­ƒ/{(~ˆ‘³}º–³~®–—{y–˜}h{4½ µè‘~ˆƒ´~®‘(‘({’h–&~®ƒŠ‹/‰{(—’Y eƒŠ‹–˜ ‚~®“”“”ƒh’Š‡h– ŒŽ«Y e“”°±‰— e –˜}Š{đ e’h“”{–—{ŒŽº–˜{(Ê€e Ž‘~ˆ«Š‡h“Á~ˆ‰ºŒ]Â~Cƒ©‡Š“”“8‰—{—’Y eƒŠ—{qX¦Ï{®¦~B–˜‰—~ˆƒŠ„–˜„ eƒ«~®‘³É/–˜ –˜}Š{¾—~ˆ{&º–³~®–—{¾”+~€®~ˆ“”„‹C‰—{(’] ˆƒŠ—{®Â ½­ƒ†FÕ Ex½ UØ N®ÚX²Š–˜}Š{¯~ˆ‹Š‹h„–˜„ eƒ~ˆ“]~ˆ—‡Š ’h–˜„ eƒŠ~ˆ‰{&ªe‰— e‡h’]{‹/~ˆ‘‘( e‰‹Š”ƒhªq–— Ė˜}Š{&°± e“„“” H»+”ƒŠª4‘~®–—{(ªe e‰”{$   ›™ ž Ÿ0¡Ä™œ£  , -ž /£ ,¥³ÓH¥³Ó4–˜~®–˜{y{—˜~®ªe{(–˜}~®–‘( ˆƒ©–˜~ˆ”ƒ’~ˆ‰—~ˆ{–˜{‰— ƒh{({(‹/ eƒŠ“„Œ"«Y{y–—{(º–˜{(‹»+¿–˜} ~†“„” „–˜{‹ ±Íƒh„–˜{ qƒ©‡Š4«]{‰B ˆ°&„ƒŠ–˜~ˆƒc–˜”~®–˜„ eƒŠ T’~®‰˜~ˆ {–—{(‰q€ˆ~®“”‡Š{- ¦*z†{/‘(~ˆƒÈ‘ eƒŠ—„‹Š{(‰ ˆ– ”ƒŠº–³~ˆƒh‘({(~ˆ+«Y{(„ƒŠªq{(¼©‡Š„€®~ˆ“„{(ƒc–·»+„–—}"‰—{(ªe~ˆ‰—‹C–˜ q–˜{–—”ƒŠªŠ²Š~ˆ‘(‘ e‰—‹Š„ƒŠªÄ–˜ Ė˜}h”·‘(‰„–—{(‰—„ eƒO › Ž0¥ ¥!› Ž¥›LÑ , -ž /£ ,¥³ÓH¥³Ó~ˆ“”“„ H» ‡Š–˜ ‚~®——‡h{¯–˜}~®– ~’]{‘(¿Í‘~®–—” eƒ–˜~®–˜{¯–˜}~®–”~®––³~ˆ„ƒ~ˆ«Š“„{  ! «cŒB{€e{‰˜~ˆ“L‹Š3 ]{(‰{(ƒc–·’~®–—}Š¹‰{(~ˆ”ƒŠ‡ŠƒŠ‘³}Š~ˆƒŠªe{‹.„ƒB–˜}h{¶” ’Š“”{{ƒc–³~®–—” eƒq{€ˆ{(ƒ"„°~ˆƒŠ ˆ–—}Š{(‰¹’Š~®–˜} ”·‘³}Š ˆ—{(ƒL ñ ƒŠ ˆ–—}Š{(‰+ªe‰ e‡Š’Š„ƒŠªÄ‘(‰„–—{(‰—”~”·’Š‰{({(ƒc– „ƒ¬IÕ E½ U/Ø N Ú–˜}~®–+„·‘( eƒh—”‹h{(‰—{‹/~®~ĉ{(¼©‡Š”‰{( {(ƒc–”ƒ¬Õ×Æ e“”Ø õ "Ú   ¥^¤ ¿¢ˆŸ0™œ£  ,  ž £ ,¥³ÓH¥³Ó‚~ˆ“”“„ Ð»à‡Š4–— Íh•À~ˆƒ|‡h’Š’]{‰«Y e‡ŠƒŠ‹À H€ˆ{(‰y–—}Š{‚ƒ©‡Š«Y{(‰y ˆ°·º–³~®–—{( ˆ°k–˜}Š{ ” ’Š“”{{ƒc–³~®–—” eƒO . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . J. . . . .  . . .

(29) ý °»k{&~®‰—{ –— ‘( eƒh—”‹h{(‰k e‰{ —„’h“”„°œŒŽ„ƒŠªŠ²e‡Š’Š’Š“„{( {(ƒc–³~ˆ‰ºŒB‰{(¼©‡Š„‰—{( {(ƒc–—(²h–—}Š{ ½ µ ‘(~ˆƒC}~€e{¾~®ƒŠ ˆ–˜}h{(‰ –˜}Š‰{({4’h‰— e’Y{(‰º–˜”{(¦+µ·}Š{Œ~ˆ‰{y‘ eƒc€e{ƒŠ”{ƒ©–¶«Š‡h–¶ƒh ˆ– {—{(ƒc–˜”~ˆ“^²Y}Š H»k{€e{‰(²~ˆ~ˆ“„“x–—}Š{Œ.‹Š ”—„’Š“„„°œŒŽ”ƒhª –˜}Š{&–³~®—É‚ ˆ°8‘( ˆƒh°± e‰—~ˆƒŠ‘{¶–˜{–˜„ƒŠª  GP ¦ G£Ã¢ˆ£ cÓ YŸ˜-ž ¥Ÿ£ .¨+z}h{(ƒ†~"º–³~®–—‡Š¾{——~ˆªe{q”&‰{(‘({„€ˆ{(‹O²–˜}h{ ½ µà‰{(—’Y eƒŠ‹h¾»+¿–˜}¬~ˆƒ: e‡h–—’Š‡h– {——~ˆªe{&–˜}~ –+‡ŠƒŠ”¼©‡Š{“„ŒC„‹Š{(ƒc–—„Í{¹–˜}Š{¾‘(‡h‰—‰—{ƒc– º–³~®–—{ˆ¦'µ·}Š{¾½ µ ‹Š P{+ƒŠ ˆ–‘³}~ˆƒŠªˆ{¯º–³~®–—{ˆÂ h¦  ¥³ÓH¥£ YŸ˜-ž ¥Ÿ£ ¨#z}h{(ƒ"~4‰{(—{–· {(——~ˆªe{”k‰{(‘{(„€ˆ{(‹O²P–˜}Š{½ µ‰—{—’Y eƒŠ‹Š¹«cŒB~®ÉŽ„ƒŠªy~y–˜‰—~ˆƒŠ— ¨ –˜„ eƒ –— 4~¯É©ƒŠ H»+ƒ‚”ƒŠ¿–˜”~ˆ“hº–³~®–—{ˆ²Ž”ƒŠ‹Š{’]{ƒŠ‹Š{ƒ©–k ˆ°O¿–˜‘(‡Š‰‰—{ƒ©–@–˜~®–˜{®¦3µ·}Š{ ½ µVƒŠ{{(‹‚ƒŠ ®–k’Š‰ P‹h‡Š‘({ ~ˆƒ" e‡h–—’Š‡h– JP ¦ O¥P£ YŸ˜-ž ¥Ÿ£ ¶¨Lz}h{(ƒq~ {–3 {(˜~ˆªe{k”‰—{(‘{(¿€e{(‹q„ƒy–˜}h{¹”ƒŠ¿–˜”~ˆ“eŒŽº–˜{(7–˜~®–˜{®²ˆ–˜}Š{k½ µ`‰—{—’Y eƒŠ‹Š «cŒB~ˆÉ©”ƒŠª~y–˜‰—~ˆƒŠ—¿–˜„ eƒ–— –˜}Š{¶º–³~®–—{ –˜}Š~®–·”@—’Y{(‘„Í{‹.„ƒC~4’~®‰˜~ˆ {–—{(‰¹ ˆ°–—}~®–k{—˜~®ªe{ˆ¦'µ·}Š{ ½ µ ƒŠ{({‹/ƒŠ ˆ–+’h‰— Ž‹Š‡Š‘({¯~ˆƒ. e‡h–—’Š‡h–( ·Ü ´ì ç äîŽïÒæ ÞêçLãPì á·í H¾¿€e{(ƒ"~~ˆ‘³}Š„ƒŠ{»+¿–˜}"~ˆ“„“–˜}Š{—{¾’Š‰— ˆ’]{‰–˜„{(k–—}Š{¶‘ eƒh°± e‰B~ˆƒh‘({ –—{(–¹‘~ˆƒ"«Y{¶’]{‰°± e‰{‹C~ˆ¹’h‰—{({(ƒc–˜{‹ ”ƒC–˜}Š{&°± e“„“” H»+”ƒhª~ˆ“„ªe e‰—¿–˜}Š  . . 

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