HAL Id: halshs-00345310
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00345310
Preprint submitted on 8 Dec 2008
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Territoires néolithiques dans la moyenne vallée de l’Hérault au moment où apparaît la première métallurgie : de l’hypothèse à sa représentation
Laurent Carozza, Jean-Michel Carozza, Albane Burens-Carozza
To cite this version:
Laurent Carozza, Jean-Michel Carozza, Albane Burens-Carozza. Territoires néolithiques dans la
moyenne vallée de l’Hérault au moment où apparaît la première métallurgie : de l’hypothèse à sa
représentation. 2007. �halshs-00345310�
-598 $:-$&%;<1*=>7?@?1*A> =
B*CEDFGEHI*JKCLFM<NONOC?PQAR=CLFS-T!U<GFGLQERG?FQAR=GCEDVJXWZY[P-\!]^Y`_;aAb<cP#B.CLI IGed
fOG?CAHg]^h(QARGEijJKCLFM;NONOCLP]kCLl(I FGU;GJXMHmTLFGEHQ?GedKnioD<H=hqp<GLFdrh&I T!B*MD=h5d.stCLd9I GAD=FP-U;TAuC?FI GEv+GAH=IU<GSTLMSFCAu;Rh&G
w i(xCEHGytD=FGAHjd9gJXC?FM<NONOC?P#hzH<S-TEHh&G{DFXJXWZY[P-\!]^Y`_;a?b-cPB*CAI IGed
|
L
B*C$mMDhqiqiGG?}#I GEHjd9hqp<GU<G6i5oRCExh&ICLI.HT?Mi5h(IRh(~#D=Gm hzHCEi*U#D0s.DGAQERV+CEDIstCAD<i(RCEHP<+T?FCD<iI&CuG?Fv+h5d U<GuFMuMd9G?F
D<H^d9QLTEHC?Fh&M0FGEi5C?I h&mXn!i&CvZD=I CLIh&MHkU<GOdd9M<QLh(TLITed UD(<v+hqiqi&TEHC?h&FGCEp-CEHI.HM<IFGLFGU<CAHdi5C6v+MeGEH<HG6p"CEi&iTLGU<G
i5o+T?FCED-iI PCDv+Mv+GEHIMT?QAiMdiCuFGEv+h&?FGv+T?I CEi&iqDFSh&G^B*Cu<D<x<i&h(QLC?I h(MHv+MHMSFCAu;Rh&~D=GUDd9h(I G
C?FQART?MiMS-h(~DG,uGLFv+G?IU<GU<hdu=Md9GLFZU<oD;HG^CEHCEi&#d9G^U<T?I C?hqi(i&TLGU<GOdVd9I C?U<GOdU<oqTAp<Mi(DI h(MHU<G,i5oRCExh(I CLIU<CAHdVd9MH
I G?FFh&I M;h&FG&JKCLFM<NONOC L(qZ <c#c_L{¡B.Ged¢I FCEHjdmM<Fv+C?I h&MHd£U<GioqCLFQERh&IGLQ?IDFG?P0U<GiC¤QED<i5ID=FGv+C?I TLFh(GAiqiGLP0U<G
i5oqT?Q?MHMv+h(G¥CES-FM;g uCOd9I M=FCAiG¥G?I*U;GiCQLMHdM"vZv+CLI h(M<H0U<GOdKv+COI h&?FGedKu=FGAv+h(LFGOdd9MHjI.hqHjd9Q?Fh&I GOdU<CEHjdKD<HGI FCEv+GU<G
I GEvZujdKhqHUD=h&I G uCLFtQ?G!uFM<QOGOd¦drDjdE#[hi5G?dtv+M<U;h5mh&Q?C?I h&MHdXUD+d9I C?IDIU<GOdtR=CAxh(I C?I>d§mM;FI h5mh(TedKUDZsDG?QARZ+CEDI=uGED<p<GEHI
¨
I FGC?h5d9TAv+GEHItCEu<uFTERG?HU<T?Ged9P;i5GEDFXhzvZu<i5h(QLC?I h&M"H,d4DFtioqM<FS-CEHh&d9CLIh&MHkG?I*iGedKv+M;U<h5mh(QACLIh&MHjd UD+u=CA#d9CS-GU;GAv+GEDFGEHI
u<i(DjdXU;Ti5h(QACLIGedKnGed9I hzv+GLF?©+oD<H=Gp-hd9h&MH+Q?CLFIMS-FCEu<Rh(~#D=G¥dhzvu;i5G?P#iGI?uG!U<oqCAu;uFM<QERG~D=GHMDdtCAp<MHdXU<T{p"GEi5M"u<uT
HT?QLGOdd9h&I G0U<G0Q?FTLG?FU<GOd$FGAu=FTed9GEHI C?I h&MHd$~DhI h&GEH<HGEHIQ?MvuI G0U<Gi5Cv+M<Fu<R=Mi5MSh&G0U<GOd$GedruC?Q?Ged$G?IU<GOdILu=Ged
U<oqC?QLIhqp-h(I TOdtSTAHT?FTOdtuC?FtQLGEi&D=h&gQLhqeªH+U;TAp<GEi5Mu<u=CAHI=D;HGv0M<UTEi5hdC?I h&M"HVdM"Djd§[«¬$P#H=MI FGMx=&G?QLI hm.Ged9IU<G ujFM;uMd9G?F
D<HG!iGLQ?IDFGU?HCEv+h&~DGU<GQ?GI GLFFh(I>M;h&FG?P<I GEij~D=oqhqiCAu<u=CLFC?l&ItdMDjdKiCmM<Fv+GU<oD<HVFTOd9GLCEDVU;G6d9h(I GedhzHI G?FQLM;H<HG?QOI TOd9P
G?IkU<oqGEH®uFMuMd9GLFD;HGFGEuFTOd9GAHI C?I h&MH.ªH¯QLFM;h5d9CAH=IkU<GOd`U;MH<HT?Gedd9M<Q?h&CEi5GOd)G?IkGEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+GEHI CEi5GOd9P$HMDjd
uFMuMd9MHjdKU<G!QLMHmFM<HIGLF.i5GOd°R<Lu=M<I R=ed9GOdXG?I=i5GEDFdtFGEuFTOdGEHI C?I h(MHjdE
±
RGG?}#I GEHjd9hqp<GGL}QLCEp<CLI h(MHMm$I²RG³mhzHCEi¥WZG?Mi5h(IRh&Q)d9GLIGAiqiqv+GEHIMms.DG?QAR´+CEDI+sµCED<i&RCEHP+G?FCD<iI&$v+C?U<G^h(I
uMdd9hqx;i5GIM$uFM<u=Md9GC¥d9Q?GAH=CLFh(MZFGAiCLI hzH<SI MZI²RGQ?RCEH<SGMm.IRG¥d9M<Q?h&G?I h&GOdKMm.IRG¥¶q·.v+hqiqiGAH=hqD<vxQ!hqH+IRG!CAp<G?FCASG
p<CAiqiGAMm+G?FCED<i5I PC?I¥I²RG0v+M;v+GAHI!¸RGEH´RC?I QERGLU´mh(FdI6v+GLI CEi&i(DFS#
±
RG0v+MH=MS-FCEuR=h&Q0u<D;x<i5h(QLC?I h&M"H¹M=mIRG
C?FQARG?MiMS-h(QLCEi¥dh(I GkCEiqi5M#¸$dZI MºRCEp<GkC0U<GLICLhzi5G?U`CEHCAi(ed9h5d»MmIRGdICASGed»MmGEp<Mi&D=I h&MH´MmIRGdG?I I GEi&v+GEHI¥hzH´h&I>d
I G?FFh&I M=F´&JXC?FM<NONOC) L(t <c#c_?
±
RGI FCEHjdmM<Fv+C?I h&MHd+hzHIRGC?FQARh(I G?QLID=FGLPIRG,v+CLI G?Fh&CEi¥QED<iI&D=FGLPIR=G^CES-FM<g
uCOd9I M<FCEijG?QLM"HM<vZCEHU0IRGQ?MHjdrD<vZuI h(MHkMmtIRGFC¦¸¼v+CLIGOFh&CEi²dC?FG¥FGES-h&d9I G?FG?U+hqH0CdQ?FG?GAHkMmtIhqv+GhzHUDQ?GLU»x<
IRhduFM=Q?GeddE-«mXIRGv0M<U<hmh&Q?CLI h(MHjd MmXI²RG¡d9I C?IDIGMmKIRGd9I>FGEH<SIRGEHjG?URCAx=h&I C?I>d!Mm°s*DG?QAR0+CEDItQLCEHkxGGLCOd9hqi&
CEu<uFGERG?HU<G?U<PIRGLh(FhqvZu<ih&Q?CLIh&MH^M;H)IRGZM<FSCAHh(NOCLIh&MH^CEHUIRG$v+M<U;h5mh&Q?C?I h&MHdM=mI RGi5CEHUd9Q?CAu=GFG?v+C?hqHkv+M=FG
U<GEi5h(QLC?I G½I M¾GOdIhqv+C?I G#^¿m£C¯d9hqvZu<iG¯Q?C?FI MS-FCEu<Rh(Q®ph5drh&MHP)I²Rh5dI?uG½Mm£CAu;ujFM<C?QERÀFGL~"Dh&FGOdI M¾Q?FGLC?I G
FGEuFGed9GEHjICLI h(MHjd¸R=h&QER^I C?Á-G$C?QLQ?MD<HIKMmIRGv+M<Fu<RMi5M"S#ZMmdruCLQ?GOdCEHUkI²RGI²LuGOd!MmC?QLI hp<h(I h&GLd!IR=CLIXI²Rh5d!MHG
Q?MD<i5UÂS-GEHG?FCLI G*ytkU<GEp<Gi5M"uhqH<S)Ck¬$«¦[,v+M<U;GAiqihqH<SPXMDFMx(GLQ?I hzp"G0h&d$I MÂuFMuM=dG0C0U?HCEv+h&Q0FGLC?U<hzH<S³M=mIRhd
I G?FFh&I M=FOPdD=QARø6Rh&QERh(ICAu;uGLC?FdhqHI²RG³mM;FvMm$CkH=GLI&¸M<FÁMm$hqH=I GLFgQ?M<H<H=GLQOI G?Ud9h&IGed9PCEHU´I Mu=FM<uM=dGC
FGEuFGed9GEHjICLI h(MHÄM=m0h&I!yt´QLFMdd9hqH;S¼d9M<Q?h&CiZCEHU¤GEH<p-h(FMH<v0GAHICAiZU<C?I CLPh(I+h5d,C`~"DGed9I h(MHÄM=m0QLM"HjmFMHI hzH<SIRG
COd¦d4D<vZuI h(MHjdKCAH=UZIRG?h&FtFGAu=FGed9GEHI C?I h&MHdA
Å?Æ<Ç -8È <-.9L7k1*A> =
©+Gu<i&Dd$GAHºu<i&DjdZd9MD;p"GEHI P°i5oqC?FQART?MiMS#DG0GOd9IQ?MHjmFMHI T0gU<CEHjdZd9CuFCLIh&~DG~DM<Ih&Uh&GEH<HG0gni5CuFM<UD=QLI h(M<H
U<oqhzv+CASGed!U<MH=Iti5oDIhi5h&d9CLIh&MH^U;TAuCOdd9Gi&CZd9GD<i5GZdru<R?FGU;GHM;I>FG$U<h5d9Q?hqu<i&hzHG<B*CvZD<i5I hzu<i&h&Q?C?I h&MHU<Ged!FGEuM<FI CES-GOd!GLI
U<GOdmh&Q?I h&M"Hjd9P<GLIÉu<i&DdtSTAHT?FCEi5GEv+GAHIÉi5GFGES-C?hqHVU;ohzHI T?F¨ I.U<GedQOh(I MOGAHdKuMDFtioqCLFQERT?Mi5M"S-h&G?PioRh5d9I M<h(FGGLIÉi5oqT?QLMiMS-h(GLP
HMDdhqHQ?h&IGAHIn£uFM<U"Dh&FG£HM"DjdÂv
¨
v+GU<GOdhzv+CS-GOd9P+MD¯u;iqDjdmFTL~D=GAvZv+GEHIn¤mMDFHh(F)CAD}¼v+TLU;h&C?I GAD=Fd
hqH=U<h&Q?CLIh&MHjdG?I*M;Fh&GEHI C?I h&MHdHT?QLGOdd9CLh(FGedn!i5CQ?FTLC?I h(MHVU<GFG?uFTOd9GAH=I CLIh&M;HjdUD+u=Cedd9T#3©+CAHjdQ?GQLM"HjI G?}#IGLP<hziÉd9G?FCLh(I
p<CLhzH³U;GZFTLUD=h&FG$HM<IFG$uFMujM=dn$D<HGMuu=Md9h&I h(MH)v+CAH=h&QERTOGAH;HG+GEHIFGZQOMH<HC?h5dd9CAH=QLGZG?IQLFT?C?I h&MH=P*ioqGedruC?Q?GZUD
Q?FTLC?I GEDFVd9oqGEvZxjM<l(I CEHIU;CAHjd,Q?GAi(DhU<Gi5C)Q?MH<HC?h5dd9CEHQLG§B.C)FTLCEi5h(I T)GOdIu<i(Djd0Q?Mv+u<iGL}G#[hiG)QARG?FQARGEDF0GOdI
d9MD<p<GEHI§FT?I hmCED³QERCEvZu³U<G$i&C+mh&Q?I h(MHPiGed6I GAH=I CLIh&MHjd6U<G+d9oqGAvZuC?FG?FU<G$ioqGedruC?QLGZU;GZQLFT?CLIh&MH`d9MHjIU<G$u<i(DjdGEH
u<i(DjdS-FCEHU<GOd9PQLMvZv+GºGAH¤C?I I GOd9I G)iCuC?FDI h&M"H¤FTLQ?GAH=I G`U<GÂHMvZxF9GAD=}´FTLQ?h&IdkFMv+CEHGOd9~DGOdP!TLQ?Fh&Id0uC?F0U<GLd
sµFTERhdIM<Fh&GEHjd9PuFGAH=CAHI=uMDFtQ?CLU;FGi5C uFTERh5d9I M<h(FGFT?QLGEHI G#WZMDdtHG!U<h5d9QD=I GLFM"Hjdtu=Ced°i5G xh&GEHVmMHU<T!U<GQERC?QAD;HG
U<GºQLGOdkIGAHICLI hzp<GedE«iH=MDjd0CdGEvZx<iT)hqHI T?FGOd¦d9CEHIZU<GÂHM<Dd0hqHIGLFFMSGLFkdrDFi5GÂuFM<Q?GeddrDjd,~DhQLMH=UDh&IZniC
uFM<U"DQLIh&MHkU<GFG?u=FTed9GEHI C?I h&M;HjdU"DVu=Cedd9TLP=G?I*H=M<I CEvZv+GAHItU;DkFGLQ?MDFd CD^[#«¬®Q?MvZv+GM"DI hqi*U;GuFM<UD=QLI h(MHkU<G
U<MH;HTLGOdZdruC?I h&CEi5GOduMD<p<CEHI
¨
I FGDI hzi5hdT?GLduM"DFi5C0FG?QLM"Hjd9I>h(IDI h(MHÃU<GOd$GEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+G?HId$U<GedZd9M<Q?h&T?I TOduFTOgGLI
p<G?Q i5G U<TEp"GEi5M"u<uGEv+GAHIU<G i5oqC?FQAR=TOMi5MSh&G uFTEp<GAHIhqp<G GLIQLGEi&Dhd9hqvZDi5ICAHT U<GOd v+M<U<TEi5hd9CLIh&M"HuCEi5T?M<g
GEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+G?HICAiGed9Pi5GOdXhzv+CASGedKQ?FTLGOdXIGAHU;GAHInFGAuFTOd9G?HI GOF.i5GOdKQLMvvZD<HCEDI TOdXU;Gi5C sµFTERh5d9I M;h&FGFT?Q?G?HI GGLI.U<G
i5C sµFM<IMRh5d9I M;h&FGU;CAHjd°i5GEDFtGEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+G?HIr#WZCASD?FGQ?GAHIFT?GeddrDF.i5C¥dru<R=LFG!U<Mv+GOdIh&~DG?Pi5GOdthqv+CES-GOdt~D=GHMDd
uFMuMd9MHjdC?Q?IDGEi&i5GEv+GEHItI GAH=U<G?HI*nhzHQAi(DFG!i5Cdru<R?FGU<GedCOQ?I hzp"h(I TOdU<Mv+GOdIh&~DG?dU<CAHdKi5GEDFXGEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+GEHItU<G
mM<F
¨
I>d9PU<G$QARCEvZujd!GOIXU<Gu
IDFCES-GOd# °?>Lq&{JtRC?QED<H^U<G$QLGOd!TAiTAv+GEHI>dd9G$QLMvZx=hqHGujM"DFmM<Fv+GOFi5C
d9I FDQ?IDFG´U;Ged³uCA#dCES-GOd9PI GEi²d~D=ohzi5d`mM<Fv+GEHI0U<GOd)Q?MHjd9I FD=QLI h(MHjdºdM;QLh(Ci5GOdE ± M"DI Gºi5CU<hm>mh(QADi5IT´U<oD<HG´I GEi&iG
U<TEv+CLFQERGFTOdh(U<Gn!uCedd9G?FXU<oD<H0QLC?U<FG!uR;3d9h&~"DGgµU;TLUD=h&I*U;oMxdG?Fp<CLIh&MHjdKu=M<HQ?IDGEi&iGedG?IiCLQED<HC?h&FGOdgtI GEij~D=Gi5G
FG?QLMHdIh&IDG i5G S-T?M<CLFQERT?Mi5M"S#DGniCFGAuFTOd9GAH=I CLIh&MH+U<oD;HZuCA#d9CASGLPhqv+CSGp<h&FIDGEiqi5G!U<oD<HGFT?Cih&I TdM;QLhqCEi5G
B*GOdGEH(GAD}ZU;GQLG6uFM<Q?GeddrDdd9MHIthqvZu=M<FI CEHI>d9PQ?C?F§Q?G~DG!i&oqC?FQAR=TLMiMS#D=GU<TEuGLhzHItQLM"vZv+Gi5oqGEH<p<h&FMH;HG?v+GAHItU<G
d9CFGEuFTOd9GAHICLI h(MH^U<GEp<h&GEHI§d9MD<p<GEHI P*d9MDjdiohiµU<GioqMxjd9G?Fp-C?I GAD=FP=i5GQ?GAH=I FGU;GI M"Djd i5GLd hqHI T?F
¨
I>dE<B*CZmM<Fv+GU;Ged
QERCAvZudP.iGedI FC?QLTOdu=CLFQ?GAi(i5C?h&FGOdG?Ii5G?dI FCEv+GOdp<hqC?h&FGOdPÉi5GOdmC?QLh(ed$mM<FGOdIh&G?FdC?I I h(FGAHIioqCLII GAH=I h&MH`U"DÃdu=GLQ?I C?I GAD=F
CEi5M<Fd~Doqh(QLM"HMS-FCEu<RGOdG?IC?FQERTLM"i5MSDGedÄD;d9GEHI£U<G½vZDi5I hzu<i5GOdCed9IDQ?GOduMDF¼v+Cedr~DGLF¼i5GOdhqHQ?GLFIh&IDU;Ged
d9QLh(GAH=I h5mhq~D=GedtU;GLFFh(LFG i5Gm²i5MD+U<G?dtuCE#dCES-GOdtGLI;i5GOdXmD<v+T?GOdtU<GOd§mMOG?FdA
B*oqM"x&G?I*U<GQ?GLI.CLFIh&QEi5G!HoqGOdIP<FCAu;uGAiMHjd9gi5G?PuCOdU<G!uFTed9GEHI GOFKD<HGFG?QLMHdIh&IDIh&MH0U<GedIGLFFh(I M<h&FGOdG?I*U<GOdKuCE3d9CES-GOd
U<Gi5CZmhqH^UD^WZT?Mih&IRh(~DGU;CAHjd i&Cp<Ci&iTLG$U<Gio+TLFCEDi5I P=v+C?h&d!U<Gv+M"HI>FG?FQOMvZv+G?HI°HjMDdu=MD<p<MHjd DI hzi5h&d9G?FD<H
d9QLTEHC?Fh&M½Rhd9I M<Fh&~"DGLPU<T?UD<h&I)U<GOdºvZDi5I hzu<i5GOd´mMD=hi&i5G?dPuM"DFºv+M<U<TEi5h5d9G?F)ioDIhqi&h5d9C?I h&M"H U<Ged¢dM"i5dd4Dhp<CAHI,D<HG
U<TEv+CLFQERG´d9QLh(GAH=I h5mh(~#D=G#¥JKoqGOdI»uMDF~DM;h&PUCEHjd,D<H¤u=FGAv+hqG?FkI GEvZujd9PHMDd,uFTed9GEHI GOFM;Hjd,D<HG´dr?HIROd9GÃU;Ged
U<MH;HTLGOd$C?FQART?MiMS-h(~DGOdPKI GAiqiGed~DoqGEiqi5GOdZdM"HIU<T?UD<h&IGed$U<G?d$MuT?FCLI h(MHjd$C?FQAR=TLMiMS-h(~DGLdE©+CEHjd6D<HÃU;GAD}Oh(Av+G
I GEvZujd9PtHMDjd$TEp"M;~#D=GLFMHdi5Cv+TLI²RM<U<MiMS-h(Gv+h5d9G0GAHDpFGd9MDdZ[#«¬ uMD=Fv+M<U<TEi5hdG?FiGeduM;I GAH=I h&GEi²d$CSFM<g
drLi(p<M<g u=Ced9I M<FCED}0G?IXioqTAp<Mi&DIh&MH)U<G$i5G{DFG?}Ou<iM<h&ICLI h(MH*JXoqGOd9I drDF i&C$xCed9GZU<GZQ?GOdU;MH<HT?Ged9PÉv+CLhdTAS#CEi5GEv+GEHI§U;Ged
FGOdIh&IDIh&MHjdVuCAiTLM;g>GEH<p<h&FMH;HG?v+GAHI CEi5GOd9P~DGu=MDFFMHI
¨
I FGOduFMuMd9T?Ged0U;GedR;LuM=IROd9GedU<G)FGed{I h&ID=I h&MHU<GOd
uCE3d9CES-GOd.HT?Mi5h(IRh(~#D=GedE
=Æ ! "#5%(')*.&* - O <
=>97
B*C v+MOG?H<HGp<CEi&iTLG!U<Gio+TLFCED<i5ICmCAh&I=ioqMx(GLI PQ?Ged!aO_U;GLFHh?FGedKCEH<HT?Ged9PU<oD<HGhzHI GEHjd9h5mh&Q?C?I h&MH+U;Gi5C!FGLQERGOFQERG
B*CvZD<i5I hzu<i&h&Q?C?I h&MH´U<GOdZM"uTLFC?I h(MHjdZU;oqCLFQERT?Mi5MSh&G0u=FTAp<GEHI hqp<GkG?I!u<i&DduCLFIh&QED-ih&?FGAv+GEHI!i5GdD<hzp-hU<GOdi&hqHT?C?h&FGOd
SCLNOM<U"DQLPCAD=I M<FMDIG w
_?MHI)FGEHMD<p<GEi5T¤GEHuFMmM"HUGEDFºi&C¤U;M<QAD;v+GAHICLI h(MH FGEi5C?I hqp<Gn£i5oR=CAxh(I C?I)GLIn
i5oqM;QLQED<uC?I h&M"HVU<GOdd9Mi²dUD=FCAHIÉi5G("=v+hzi&iTAHC?h&FGCEp-CEHIH=MI F9GLFGZ&mhzSa-JKGOdI>FCEp<CAD}$MHIÉi5C?FS-GEv+GAH=IxT?HTOmh&Q?h&T
U<GOd^mM"Dhi&iGed,GL}I GEHjd9hp"GOd9P!HM<I CEvZv+GAHIZU<GºQLGEi&iG`Q?MHUDh(I GÃdrDFioRCAx=h&I C?I+mM<FI hmh&T`U"Ds.DGLQER+CDIZnÂsµCD;i&RCEH
&JKCLFM;NONOC¹?( -cc_L{B*oqT?IDU<GU<GQ?GÃd9h&IGÃCT?I Tºv+GAH=TLG?PU<Od,i5oCAv+M;FQLGU<Gºi5C´mMDhi(i5G?PUCAHjd,ioqMuI h(~DGU<G
U<T?I G?Fv+hqHG?Fi5CHC?IDFG0U<GOdi5h(GAHdD<H=h5dd9CEHI PXU;CAHjd6D<HGv
¨
v+G0NOMHG?PXFGedd9MDFQ?GOd$GAHQADhzp<FGVG?IR=CAxh(I C?I>dZmM<FI hm h(Ted
Q?MHI G?vZuM=FC?hqHjdU;GedG?}Ou;i5M<h(I CLIh&MHjd¥v+hqHh(LFGOd!uFTERh5d9I M;Fh&~DGOd$&JKCLFM<NONOC?P* cc#c?B.CZU<TEv+CLFQERG$v+h5d9GZGEH!Dp<FGZC
HM<ICAvZv+G?HIKQLM;Hjd9h5d9I TnU<TLQ?MD<u;i5G?FXioqGAHjd9GEvZx<i5GU<Ged uC?FCEv+LIFGed GAH=FGASh5d9I FTOdi5M;FdU<Gi5CmM"DhqiqiGLP=U<Gv+CEHh&?FGnG?H
Q?MHUDh(FGioqCAH=CAi(ed9G¡druT?QLhm h(~DGU;CAHjd i5G$I GEvZujd!GLIXU;CAHjd ioqGedru<CLQ?G0qI GEvZujd uFM<Q?GOd¦drDjd! +UDFT?GOd¥d9M<Q?h&C{i5GOd>{<B*GuCLFIh
uFhd$TLI C?h&I!U<Gkd9oqhqHjd9Q?Fh&FG0U<CEHjdD<HG0U<TEv+CLFQ?R=GVM"#"#q!$% &(')*+%*,.-/,O$01.O2 X¥q$3 &(' 456-07+qyXGOFICAHU;P
<c#cc?P<G?I*U<GI FCEp<CLhzi&iGLF§d4DFtiC6d9I FD=QLID=FG¥QEOQAihq~DGUD+u;RTAH=M<v+EHGMxdG?Fp<T#JXM;vZujIG¥IG?H<DVU<G!iC6druT?Q?h5mh&Q?h&IT¥U;GiC
U<TEv+CLFQERG$CLFQ?R=TLMiMS-h(~DG?P=i5G$I FCEp"CEhqi°d4DFi5G$I GEvZujd!GLIKi5C$UDFT?G$CT?I TZTEi5CExM<FT$uC?Fi5oqhzHI G?Fv+TLU<h(CLh(FGU;Ged p<CLFh(CAx;i5GOd
d9I?i5h5d9I hq~"DGLdU;GedQ?TLFCEv+h&~DGOdE"[GiMH0D<HGv+T?IRM;U<Mi5M"S-h>AuF9MD<p<T?GQAR=CLQED<HkU<GOdGAHjd9GEvZx<i5GOdmM"D"hziqi5TOdCmCLh(Ii5oqM"x&G?I
U<oD<H=G6d9T?Fh&C?I h&M"HVI?uMiMS-h(~#D=G##B.oqhqHjd9Q?FhquIh&MH0U<CAHdKi5CiMH<SDGUD=FTLGCTLITp<Cih&U<T?G!uC?FXU<GOdXU<C?I C?I h&M"HjdCAxdM"iqDGedE#B.C
Q?MHjmFM;HI C?I h&MHkCEp<GLQiGv+M<U<Ei5GQARFM"HM<gQAD<iIDFGEi*GAH0p<hS#D=GDFCuG?Fv+h5dU;Gv+CLITLFhqCEi&h5d9G?F§b$u<R=Ced9GOdU<oqM<Q?QED<uC?I h&MHdP
CEu<uC?FI GAH=CAHIIMDIGedKCADZWZT?Mi5h(IRh&~DGmhzHCiµ(mhqHZUD¡b(<<v+hi(i5TH=CLh(FG8 #(<;v+hqiqi5TEHC?h&FGCEp-CEHI=HM<IFG?FG¦
=Æ&Å?Æ:9 ?
B*G`d9h(I G)UD£s*DG?QAR=g +CEDI Pdh(IDT)GEH Fhzp<G)U<FM<h&IG)U<Gi<;+T?FC?D<iI PM<Q?QED<uG`drDF^aO_ºR=Ci5G`d9MvZv+G?IU<oD;HG`Q?Mi&ihqHG
U<Mv+hzHCEHIi5C»p"C{i&i5T?GZU<GU<oqGAH;p"h(FMHÃ_#cv&mhS O*JKG+FGEi&h&GOmPuGED)uFMHM;HQ?TLPtGOd9IGAHICLhzi&i5TU<CEHjdU<GOdmM;Fv+CLI h(MHjd
u<ih&M<Q?AH=GedE<[#h;i5GOdKp<GLFd9CEHI>d Ged9ItGLIXd4DUVmM<Fv+GEHItU<GOdSi5C?QAh5dnmC?hqx<iGu=GAHIGLP;i5GOdp<G?FdCEHI>dH=M<FU0GLI.HM<FU;gMDGOdIXd9MHI
u<i(DjdCAx=FD<uI>d=iGedmM<Fv+C?I h(MHjdC?FS-hiGADdG?dG?IµQ?C?FxMHC?I T?Ged QLM;Hjd9I h&I²DGAH=IµU;Ged!dD=Fu<i5MvZxdFTOdhd9I CAH=I>dE-B.CQLM"iqi5hqH=GGed9I
xM<FU;TLG!CAD+WZM<FU;g>ªd9I=uC?F.i5GFD<hd¦d9G?CD+U<GJKCAH=U<CDFC?U<G?P-G?I=CAD¡[3DU;g4¿¡DGed9I=uC?F*Q?GEi&D<h<U<GYMD<&C?Q#OJXGOdKU<GD}ICi¸GAS-d9P
uG?FuG?HU<h(QAD;i5CAh(FGedtni;+T?FCADi5IP"d9MH=IU<GHM=dt&MD=FdtCLQ?I hmd.uC?FµIGEvZujdKU<Gu<i(D<h&GOdA
B>;MuTOFC?I h&MH½CLFQERT?Mi5MSh&~D=G´CT?I T¢v+GAH=TLGdrDFkD;HG d4DFmCAQ?G´iTASLFGEv+GEHI^drD<uT?Fh&GEDFG£n´ RG?Q?I CLFGOdEªi&iG´C
G?}#QEi&Djdrhqp<GAv+GEHI!i5hp<FTkU;GedZd9I FDQ?IDFGOd$GEH¹Q?FGED}?*Q?FGADjd9GEv+GHI>d¡i5hzHTLC?h&FGOd$Q?M<FFGedruM"HU<CEHI>dZn,U<GedmMdd9TLd9P mMd9d9Ged
uMH=QOIDGEi&i5GOdI TEv+M<hqSHCEHI*U<G!i;hqvZu<iCAH=I CLIh&MH0U;CEv+TAHCES-GEv+GEHI>dU<Mv+GOd9I h&~"DGedU;G¥I²LuGOddhzi5Md9P<QEDp<GLI IGedG?I*I FM"DjdU<G
uM<IGLCED³&mhzS-? w DVIM<I CEi5P"uFedU;G A@3cZd9I FD=QLID=FGedMH=IµT?I Tv+h5d9GOdCAD0&MDFKI CAH=I*n!i<;hzHI T?Fh&GEDFX~D;n!i<;G?}#I T?Fh&GEDFXU;oD<H
i5M"H<S#DGEDF0n)u=Fed,U<G`b<ccv+?I FGOd0ihqHT?CLh(FGedEJKGLI IG`GOdIhqv+C?I h&MH¤GOd9I$v+hqHhzv+CAiG`G?I$HjGºI h&GEHIQLMvuI GºHhU;G)i5C
QERFM<H=Mi5MSh&G!FGAiCLI hp<G!U<GQAR=CLQED<HG!U<GLddIFDQLI²DFGed9P3HhU<GedKFG?g>QAFGEDjd9GEv+GAHIdtuM;I G?HI h(GAi dA
=ÆÆ >=^ =V5%(- 8#-.+?>*$%5 *X0')-
B*oqCEHCEi&#d9G+Q?MH&M;hqHI GUD)u<iCAH`U<G»i5oqGEHQ?GLhzHI GOPtU<GOdd9I FDQ?IDFGOd$U<oRCExh(I CLIG?IUD`QOMH=I G?H<D`U<GOdmM=d¦d9GOdU;TAuM;I>M<h(FdC
uG?Fv+h5d!U<GuFM;uMd9GLFD;H³d9QLT?HC?Fh&M,U<G¡dr?HQERFMH=h5d9CLIh&MH^U;Ged uFhzHQLhzuCEi5GOdT?I CEuGOdU;GioqM<QLQED<uC?I h(MH^UD³d9h(I G#^JKG?I I G
U<TEv+CLFQERG´d9G´mMHU<GdrDFi5oqCEHCAi(3d9GU<GQERCLQED<HU<Ged)mC?h&I>d,CLFQERT?Mi5M"S-h&~"DGLdU<MH=IZi5Gºv+M;xhqih&G?FkCºuG?Fv+h5d,D<HG
C?I I Fhqx;DI h&M"H+QARFM;HMiMS-h(~DGnioD<H=GU<GOdt~DC?I FGT?I CEuGedKU<oqM<Q?QD<u=CLI h(MH+UD+d9h&I G
sµM"DFtCemmhzHGLFtQ?GLII GU<TEv+C?FQARGLPHM"DjdXCEp<MHjdd9TAiGLQ?I h&M"H<HTU;GedKp<C?FhqCAx<iGedK~DCEHI h&ICLI hp<GOdXG?I~D<CEi&h&I C?I hqp<GOdt~D<h&PD<H=G¥mM<hd
uMH=U<TLF9TLGOd9P.uGLFv+GOII GAHIU<oqT?I CEx<i5h(FiGZuM;h&UdGLIKi5C+mM"HQLIh&MHU<Ged6D<Hh(I TOduFh&d9GOdGEH`Q?MvZuI G w D)s*D=GLQER)+CDI PtQ?G
v+M<U<GU<GuM;HU<T?FCLIh&MH0uGOFv+G?ItuC?F§G?}#GEvZu<iGU<Gihqv+h&IGLFKi5oqhzvuM;FI CAH=QOGUD0xh&C?h&dhzHUDh&I.uC?FKi&CUDFTLGU<GQERCLQED<HG
U<GOdtu;RCed9GOdtU<oqM<Q?QED<uC?I h&MH.3JKG?I I GCEu<uFM;Q?RGHT?Q?Gedd9h&I G!?
U<G!~#D=CAHIh5mh&G?F*ioqGAHdGEvZx<iGU<GOdtTEi5TEv+GAHIdtv+hdtCDZ&MDFtUCEHjd.i5GOdtU<TEuM<IM<h&FdKGLIU;Gi5GOd.uM"HU<T?FGLFtGEHVmMHQ?I h&MH+U"D
p<Mi&D;v+GmMDhi&iT/=
U<oqCEu<uFT?QLh(GLF.iC~D<CAHIh&I T!U<Ged°FGed9I GOdtu=CLFtI?uGU;oqCLQ?I hp<h&I T?PU<GvZCAHh(LFG!nU<TOmhqHh(Fi5GH=MvZxFGG?I=i5G!U<GES-FTU;G
Q?MvZu<i5G?}#h(I TU;GedKCLQ?I hp<h&ITedzGemmG?QLIh5md°uMHU<T?FTOdtuC?FiGp<Mi&D<v+GmM"Dhi&iT¦&=
U<G!U<TemhzHh&FÉi5GU<GES-FT!U<GuC?FI h&Q?hqu=CLI h(MH+CD}FTed9GACED}U<oqT?QARCEH<SGLdXnU;h&mmTLFGEHI GOdXT?QERGAi(i5GOdXdruC?I h&CiGed =
U<G uFGAH=U<FGQ?Mv+u=I GiGuM<IGAHIh&GEiGAH+FGOdd9MDFQ?Ged°HC?IDFGEiqi5GOdtu<FM<QERGOdA
B*oqGEHjd9GEvZx<i5G!U<GQLGOdXQ?Fh&ILF9GedKU<M<h(IuG?Fv+GOI I FG?PuMDFtQAR=CL~D=Gu=RCed9G!U<oqM<Q?QAD<u=CLI h(MHPU<GQ?CLFC?QLITLFhdG?FXd9MHVhzHI TES-FC?I h&MH
U<CEHjdD;HVv+CEhqiqi5C{S-GI G?FFh&IM<Fh&CEi*GLItU<GU<TemhqH=h&FdCuC?FI h(QLhzuCLIh(MHknU<h&mmT?FGAHIGed TLQERGEi&i5GOddruC?I hqCEi5GOdqUDi5M<Q?CAiCD^dD;uFCLg
FTES-h&M"HCAiq
=ÆÆ&Å?Æ
>k1**%(A1*!:-= ><0-1*1*>
B*oqCEHCEi&#d9GU<CEHjdKi5GIGAvZujd GLItU<CEHjd i5oqGOdu=CLQ?GUD0U<h5druMd9h(I5hmXU;G¥U;TAihqv+h&ICLI h(MH`qGEHQLG?hqH=I GedU<GOdRCExh(I CLIdHT?Mi5h(IRh(~DGOd
UD½s*DG?QER¯+CEDII TAv+M;hqS#H=GU<oD<HG£uG?Fv+CEHGEHQ?G¤UD½u<i5CEHU<Ged¢mM<FI hmh&Q?CLIh&MHjdE$B*oqT?U<h5mh(QLC?Ih&MHU<G£i5hzS#HGOdU<G
mMdd9MOCASGedC$i&C?FS-GEv+GEHI§Ih&FT$uC?FI htU<GOddruT?QLhmh&Q?h&I TOdU<G$iCZI MuM"S-FCEu<Rh&GZU;G$i5CZQ?Mi&ihqHGZUDs*D=GLQER^+CEDI P.U<MHIKi5C
uC?FI h&G$dM"vZv+h&I CEi5Gd9oqhzHjd9QLFh(IµUCEHjdKD<H0RG?}#CES-MH=G+&mhqS=bOB*G6u<i&CAHkQED<vZDi5TU;Ged U-hmmTLFGEHI>d U<h&druMd9h&Ih5mdU<Gi&hzv+h&I C?I h(MH
U<Gi;GOdu=CLQ?GLP=CD^mhi*U<GOdM<Q?QAD<u=CLI h(MHjd9PdoqhzHI ES-FGC?hqHdhU<CEHjdQ?GQLC?U<FGu=FTLU<TOmhqH=hX&mhqS=-_?-B.Cd9I FDQ?IDFC?Ih&MHkUD0u<iCAH
GOdIU;h&Q?I TLG uC?F*iGLdKU<Tp<GAiMu<uGEv+GEHI>ddGEv+h&gQ?h&FQED<i5C?h&FGOdtU<GOdXmMdd9TedmM<Fv+CEHIU<GOd)x=CLd9I h&MHdO w DZHMvZxFG!U<GR;Dh&I P
Q?Ged´d9I FD=QLID=FGedºH=GFT?uMHU<G?H=IuCed¹n£D<HGU<hdu=Md9h&I h(MH CEi5T?C?I M<h&FG£v+C?h5dÃuCLFIh&Q?hquGEHIU<oD<HGFT?GAi(i5G¤d9I FC?I TES-h&G
U<oqTEi5CExM<FC?I h&M"HUD´u<iCAH.§JXG?FI C?hqHjd»xCOd9I h&MHdVd9MHIGEH GOmmG?IU<hdruMd9TedGEH´p<h5d9gnLgp-hdPU;Gkv+CEHh&?FGn³mM<Fv+G?FZU<GOd
drLv+T?I Fh(~DGOd ?OQ.;Ged9I=iGQ?CedKU<GOd§d9I FDQ?IDFGOdXGLI*_P $GLIPaG?I ±
MDI=uM;FI G!nQ?FM<h&FG!~DGiGAD=FµhzvZu<i5CEHI C?I h(MH+CT?I T
U<T?I G?Fv+hqHT?G^GEHCEv+M<H=IUDI FCEp<CLhiU<oqG?}#Q?Cp<CLI h(MH*t©+G,i&Ckv
¨
v+Gkv+CEHh&?FG?Pi5C,uMd9h&I h(MHU<GOd0d9I FDQ?IDFGOdZ GLIP
i5TES-?FGEv+GAHIG?H)FGOI FCLh(I§U;G$i5oqC?}#GZU<T?I G?Fv+hqH=T$uCLF!iGedd9I FD=QLID=FGedU;oqCAH<Si5Gk a»GLI =._0G?I P.CLQ?QLFT?U<h(I G$i5oR<?uM<I R=ed9G
U<oD<H¢u<i5CEH´uFT?g>T?I CEx<i5hXB>;GEvZu<iCLQ?GAv+GEHIU;GkiC³d9I FDQ?IDFG @^d9GAvZx;i5G?P~D<CAHInkiqDh(P§U;TLI G?Fv+hqH=TkuC?F$D<HG,p<Mi5M"HI T
U<oqG?}Ou<iM<h&IGLFtCEDv+h(GAD}!i&CdDFmC?QLGu;i5CEHGQAh(FQLM"Hjd9QLFh(I GuC?F.i5oRG?}#CES-M"HGuFT?Q?TLU<GEvZv+G?HIU<T?Q?Fh&I
B*C6uMd9h&I h(MHkU<GOduM<F9I GOdFTEp"Ei5G6D<HGSGed9I h(MH0uCLFIh&QED<i&h&?FGAv+GEHItFC?h5d9MH<HT?GUD0u<iCAH.-B.Ged U<GAD=}$uM<FI GOduFhqHQ?hqu=CAiGed
d9MHI=uMd9h&I h(MH<HT?GOdXG?HZp<h5d9gnLgp<h&d9P-CEi5M;FdX~DG!U<GAD=}uG?I h&I>dKU<hdu=Md9h&I hmdXd9MHIU<hdu=Md9TedKCAD=}CAH;S#i5G?dtHM;FU<g>M"DGed9IGOI*drDU<g
MDGOd9IU<Gi<;GAHQ?G?hqHI G
=ÆÆ=Æ 9 %=1*> =0k > Å :- 1* ?L
B*GOd!I FC?QLGOd!U<Gi;GEHQLG?hqH=I GuFhqv+h(I hqp<GZd9MHIXFC?FGed9PQ?CLFiGed!FG?g>Q?FGEDjd9GEv+GAHId¥drDQ?Q?Gedd9h&md!MHItuFM"p"M;~DT$U<Gu=FMmMH=Ud
FGEv+CAHh(GAv+GEHI>d$&mhzS?"[GEDi²dU;GAD}+d9GSv+GAH=I>dU<G$mMddTOdM"HjItFTEp"TEi5TU<Ged QLFGEDjd9GEv+GAHIdT?I FM<h(I>dG?I.uGEDVuFMmM;HUd9P
d;CEu<uC?FGAHICAHI!n+U<GOdI>FCEHQERTLGOdU<GuCAih5dd9CLU;G#B*CU?HCAv+h(~DG+U<GQLM"v+x<iGAv+GEHI PXQ?M;Hjd9I h&ID=TLGU;D<H)v+C?I T?Fh&GEi§CAD=}
Q?CLFC?QLILFGOdI FOduF9M<QAR=GedU<GQLGEi&Dh=U<G!i<;GAHQ?C?h5dd9CAHIP<FTAp<Ei5G!D<HGd9I FDQ?IDFGCEDVFGEv+u<ih5dd9CS-GFCEuh&U;G##B.C!uFTed9GEHQ?GU<G
~DG{i5~DGOdx<iM<QOdG?IU;D<H`IFMD`U<GuM<I G?CED`CLQ?QLFT?U<h(I GZi;R<?ujM<IROd9G+U<G»i<;hzvZu<i5CEHI C?I h&M"H`U;D<HG»uCEi5h5dd9C?U<G#*JKGedU<GED}
d9GASv+GAH=I>dU;G+I FCEHQERTLGU<GVmM"HU<C?I h&M;HÃd9MHIi<;D<H`QLM"v+v+GZi;CEDI FG+FG?Q?MD<uTOdu=CLFU<GOdmM=d¦d9TOdC{D)uFMmhqiGAH$jB.C
U<C?I C?I h&MHU<GQ?G?IXTLICLIXU;GiC¡mM<FIh5mh&Q?C?I h&MHGed9I§mFCES-hzi5G<ªXi(i5GZdG$mMHU<G$I MDIKU<oqCAxM<FU^drDFi;CEHI T?Fh&M<Fh(I TU"D^U<h5druM=dh(I h5m
uCEi5hdd9CLU;TdDFKD<Hkd#d9I Ev+GU<GU<TEi5hzv+h&I C?Ih&MH^mMdd9MOTU<Gi;RCExh&ICLI P=U<TEv+MHI FTuC?F§U;Ged FGLQ?MD<uGEv+GEHjI>d v+CAH=h5mGOdIGedE
B*GdrLHQERFM;Hh5drv+GºGAHIFG)i5GOddIFDQLI²DFGed,U<oRCExh(I CLIZUC?I T?Ged0U"D¤WZTLMih&IR=hq~DG`mhqH=CiVa)G?I$i5oqT?I C?I$uCi5hdd9C?U<T)U<G)i&C
mM<FI hmh&Q?CLIh&MH+FGEuMd9G¥d9GED<i5GEv+GEHI*dDF.i&C uFTed9GEHQ?GU<G~D=Gi5~DGOdtTEi5TEv+GAHIdXQ?TLFCEv+h&~DGOdKQACLFC?Q?I TLFhd9I hq~DGOdE
i5oqhqHdICLFXU;GioqGAHdGEvZx<iG¥U;GedM<Q?QED<uC?I h&MHdKD-iI T?Fh&GEDFGedU"DVW$TLMih&IR=h&~DGmhqHC{ij ZG?IµPi5GOdd9I FDQ?IDFGOdU<Mv+GOdIh&~DGOd
d9MHIdh(IDT?GednZioqhqHITLFh(GADFQLMvZv+G0n»i5oqG?}#I T?Fh&GEDFU<G»i5oqGOdruCLQEGVQ?G?hqHID=FT³(mhqS B*C0Q?MHQ?GAH=I FCLIh&MHU<G0I FMDjd$U<G
uM<IGLCEDPU<MHI=i5oD<H+CEDZv+M<hzHjdXC!TLITU<C?I TUD+WZT?Mi5h(IRh&~"DG¥mhzHCiµa?P<drD<u<uMd9G i5oqhqvZu;i5CEHI C?I h&MH+U;oD<Hh&ITedKU<oRCExh&ICLI h(MHjdE
U<oD<H=h&I TOdU<M"v+Ged9I h(~DGOdAB*CU<h5d9I Fhzx<DI h(MHkU<GQ?Ged Cedd9GAvZx;i5CES-GOdP=I CAH=IXni5oqhzHI T?Fh&GEDF~DoqnioqGL}I TLFh(GAD=F§U<G6i5CuCEi5h&dd9C?U<GLP
d9MDjd9gI GAH=UZi5oqG?}#hd9I GAH=QLGU<G!u<iqDjdrh&GEDFd°D<Hh&ITedKU<Mv+GOd9I h&~D=GLdE#B*G!QLMH=I GAH;DVU<GOdU<TEuM<I M<h(Fdd9G¥Q?C?FCLQ?I T?Fh5d9G!uCLF.D<H=G¥IFed
mM<FI G$U<GEHjd9h&I T$U<G$FGL(GLIdU;Mv+Ged9I h(~DGOdE<B*GOd¥d9I FD=QLID=FGed!U<T?QLM"D<p<GLFI GOdd9MHIXU<GOd!QAD;p"G?I I GOd!CLI²Luh(~DGed!G?IXU<GOdmMdd9GOdA
[oqhqitGLd9ItuFMxCEx<iG~D=GQLG?FI C?hqHGOdd9oCEu<uC?FGAH=I GAHIXn$U<GOdd9I FDQ?IDFGOd!U<GQ?MHjd9G?Fp<CLI h(MHP=CAD=QD<H³d9hi5MHoqCT?I Th(U<GEHI h5mh(T#
JKGLI IGuC?FI h&QED<i5C?Fh&ITu=GADI ¨ IFGQLM=FFTEi5T?G¥CEp<GLQ!iGHMvxFGhqv+uM<FI CEHItU<GmFCES#v+GEHjI>dU;GSFCAH=UdFT?QLhzuh&GEHI>dG?H0I GOFFG
Q?FDG+&mhzSa#aWZMDjdCEp<MHjd hqHI G?FuFTOI TQLG$I FC?h&ItQLM"v+v+GioqhqHU<h(QLC?I GEDFUD^dIM<QLÁCSGU<GOdQ?TLFT?CEi5GOdn!i5oqhzHI T?Fh&GEDF§U;Ged
D<Hh(I TOdU;Mv+Ged9I h(~DGOdE<B*oqhqvZu=M<FI CEHQLG$U<GOd!QLT?FTLCEi5GOd!Ged9IXTES-CEi5G{v+GAHIdM"D<i5GEp<TLGuC?Fi5CZmM<FI G$U<GAHdh(I T$UDkv+C?I TLFh(GAitU<G
v+MDI²DFGLPC?hqHjd9h~DG!QLGEiqi5G!U<GOdtuM;FQLhzHjdXU;CAHjdµi5oqCEi&hqv+GEHI C?I h&MH+Q?C?FHTLG?sµC?Fv+hi5GOdKCDI FGOdtu=M<hqHIdtv+C?F~DCEHI>d9PMHZHM<IG
i5oqhzvZuM<FI CEHQ?G´U<GioqMDI hziqi5CES-GCD¯d9GAhqH®U<GOdCOd¦d9GEvZx<i5C{S-GOdP$GAIu<i(DjduC?FI h(QD<i&h&?FGEv+GAHI0U<GOdiCAv+GOdu=Mi5h(GLd)G?I0U<G
i5oqM"DI hqiqiCS-G)M=d¦d9GED}<B*oqhzHUDd9I Fh&Gih&IRhq~"DG`d9G`dhqH;S#Di5C?Fh&d9GuCLF»i5oqhzvZuM<FI CEHQ?G`U<GOdv+C?I h&?FGedVuFG?v+h&?FGedU<oqM<FhqShqHG
i5M;hqHI C?hqH=G®GLIFTES-h(MHCEi5G?PkCAD p#D¾U<GOdd9MDFQ?Ged¼U<oqCAu;uFMp<h5drh&MH<H=GAv+G?HIGEHÀdhzi5G?}½i5M<Q?CiJKGLII G¯d9h&ID=CLIh&M"H GOd9I
drDjmmh5d9CAvZv+GEHIM<FhzS-hqH=CAiG0uMDF ¨ I FG^d9MD<ihS#HT?GLPQ?CLFi5C0u=CLFI!U<Ged¡v+CLIh&?FGed¡uFGAv+h(LFGOdG?}#M<I h(~DGOd VU;TLQ?FM<l&IU<G
v+CEHh&?FG+d9hqS#H=h5mh&QECLI hzp<GZU#D=FCAHIKi5GZWZT?Mih&IRh(~DG+mhzHCAit kG?I ;B*oqGEHjd9GAvZx;i5GZU<GOdTEi5TEv+G?HI>d6v+h5dCED³(MDF!U<TLQ?Fh&IKD<HG
T?QLMH=M<v+h(GU<G!ILu=GCES-FM<guCOdIM<FCAiG¥mM<FIGAv+GEHIFG?QLGEHjIFTLGdD=F*D;HZv+M<U<GU;GuFM<U"DQLIh&MH+U<M"v+Ged9I h(~DG
B*GOdZU;MH<HT?Ged»Q?RFM;HMi5M"S-h&~"DGed$CExjd9Mi(DGed»GLIFGEi5C?I hp<Ged¡uM<FI GEHInkQ?FM<h&FG,~DGkQ?GLII Gku=FG?v+h&?FGkM<Q?QAD<u=CLI h(MHd9oqGedI
U<T?FMD<iTLGUDFCEHI,i5Cd9GLQ?MHU;Gv0M<h&Ih&TUDVb(<=v+hqi(i5TEHCLh(FGCp<CHIHM<I FGLFG?PG?I.uFM;xCAx;i5GEv+GAHItUD=FCAHIÉi5GOdU<G?FHh&G?Fd
d9h&?QAiGed°U<GQ?GLII GuT?Fh&M;U<G#
=ÆÆ Æ 9 %=1*> =0k > :" # =L?#
©+CEHjdkQ?G?I I GÃd9G?QLM"HU<G`TOICAuG?P!i5CÂv+M<Fu<RMiMS-h(G`U<GÂi<;GEHQ?GLhzHI Gd ;Cemmh(Fv+G)uC?Fi5G`Q?FGED;d9GEv+GAH=IZU;D<HiCLFSGÃmMd9dT
FG?QLMD;uCAH=IuC?FI h(GAi(i5GEv+GAH=Ii5GI FC?Q?T¥hzHh&Ih&CEi°&mhS= ?#B.M<FdU<GQLG?I I G!u=RCOdG?PiC6d9I FD=QLID=FG¥C?U<Mu=I GdCmM<Fv+GU<TOmhqH=h&I hzp"G
B*G6u<i5CEHkGed9IXFTES-h=uC?FKi<;GEv+u<iCLQ?GEv+GAHIKU<Gx=Ced9I h(MHjdG?ItuC?FKi<;h(vZu<iCAHICLI h(MHkU<G$~DC?I FGuM=FI GOdA©+GED}ZCEHI GEHH=Ged M<HI
T?I TC?U<&M;hqHI GOdKCD¡U;h5druMd9h&Ihmu=Fhqv+h&IhmP-UCEHjd.iGx<DI;uFMx=CAx<iGU<G!FGAHmM<FQLG?F.i5GOdtu=M<FI GOdtuFhzHQ?hquCEi5GOdE
B*GOdmMdd9Ted uMdd9?U<GAH=ItD<HGv+MFu;RjMiMS-h(GIFed p<CLFh(CAx;i5G[Ohi&Cu<i(D<uC?FIXU;GEHI FG$GAD=}ZuFTOd9G?HI GD<H^Q?FGADjd9GEv+GAHIXCED
uFMmhziGEH TAp<COd9TLPU;C{DI FGOd§mM<Fv+GEHI=D<HV\¡eB.GedKU?HCEv+h&~DGOdKU<GFGEvZu<i5hddC{S-GIFCLUD=h&dGEHI=D<H+Q?MvZx<iGAv+GEHIM<uT?FT
GEHÃv+hzi5h(GAD´MD<p<G?FIGLIhqvZu;i5h&~DGEHI!i5C,FGAv+Mx=hqi5hd9CLI h(MH´U<G0v+C?I T?Fh&CED}uFT?CAiCAx<iGAv+GEHIG?}#Q?CAp<TOdPdrDS#S-T?FCEHI!uCLFi5n
v ¨
v+Gi5C uFTOdGEHQ?GU;D<HGi5GEp<TLGU;GI G?FFG¥drDFÉi5CuC?FI h&GhzHI G?FHjG!U<Gi<;GAHQ?G?hqHI G
JKGLI IGTOI CEuGU;Gi5oqM;QLQED<uC?I h&M"HVdG!QLC?FC?QLI T?Fh5d9G uCLF.D<H+C?Q?QLFM<hddGEv+GEHIHM;I CAx;i5GU"DZHM<vZx=FGU<GOd§d9IFDQ?IDFGOdXGEH+QLFGED}
h&U;GAHIh5mh&T?GOdPG?IH=M<I CEvZv+G?HIU<Gedd9hqi5M=dZG?I¥U;Ged¡S-FCEHU<GOd+mMddGOdZU;G^d9I M<Q?Á-CES-Gº&mhqS= @AµB.oqCLQ?Q?FM<h5dd9GAv+GEHIU<G0iGAD=F
HMvZxFGVd9oqC?QLQ?MvZuCES#H=G+U<oD<H=G+U<hzv+hqH<DIh&MHÃdrhqS#H=h5mh&Q?CLI hp<GU<GLdFTLQ?hquh(GAH=I>dGEH`I G?FFG+Q?FDG+G?II FC?UDh(IXD<H)v+M;U<G+U<G
S-GOd9I h&M"H+GL}I GLFH=GCED}!D<Hh&ITedKU<oRCExh&ICLI PI M;I CAiGAv+GEHIU<hmmTLFGEHI=U<GQ?GEi&D<hvZh5dKGAH+Tp<h(U<GAH=QLG uMDFÉi5GWZT?Mih&IRh(~DGmhqHC{i
a#B*G!HM"vZxjFGU<Gd9hqiMdFTAp<Ei5GU<GOdQLCEuC?QAh&ITedU<Gd9I M<Q?ÁCASGLdGH0CAD<Sv+GAH=I CLIh&MH0GLIÉi5C!uC?FI*Q?FM<h5dd9CAH=I GU<G!i5CQAD;i5IDFG
U<GOdQLT?FT?CAiGedU<M"HI0I TAv0M<hqSHGºi5oqhzvZuM<FICAHQ?GUDHMvxFG´U<GOd,uh&?Q?GedU<Gºv0MDIDFGOd&mhzSaa¥¿¡HÄM;xjd9GLFp<G
d9hqvZDi5ICAHTEv+GEHIiCVU;hqv+hqH;DI h&M"H¹d9hS#Hhm h(QLC?I hp<G0U<Gi&CuCLFI!U<GOduM<FQ?hqHjd$G?ID<H=GVCED<Sv+GAHICLI h(MHÃU;G+iC0U<GAHdh(I T0U<GOd
FGOdIGedKU<oqMp<h&Q?CEuFhqHjd!&mhzS-a? O?©+GOd§drh&I GOdXU;Gu<iCLhzHGg.I GAi=QLGEi&D<hUD+yXMDd~DG?I COdtnstCD<i(RCAH^(JXC?FM<NONOC?P h(Ci&iGLIPja2@A
U<MH=I*iCuC?FI h&QED<iCLFh(I TGOdItU<GFGASFMD<uG?F drDFKD<H0uG?I h&I°uTLFhzv+OI FGU<GOdd9I FD=QLID=FGed U<oqGAHdhzi5CES-Gg°uMDFFC?h&GEHItI FC?UDh&FG
D<HGdruTLQ?h&C{i5h&d9CLIh&MH+CSFh&Q?Mi5G
[hi5oqMH´MxdG?Fp<GkCEDÃsD=GLQER+CDI!D<H´CLQ?Q?FM<h5dd9GAv+GEHIUDHMvZx=FGkU<GOd+d9I FDQ?IDFGOd9PXiCkU<GEHjd9h&I TkU;Ged»FGL(GLI>d»I GEHU
HT?CAH;v+M<hqHjdnU<T?QLF9M<l&I FG§JKG`mCLh(IuMDFFC?h&II FCLU"Dh&FG)d9M<h&ID;HTLICAiGAv+GEHI$U<GkiC^U"DFTLGU<oqM<Q?QED<uC?I h&MH=PdM;h&ID<HG
U<GEHjd9h5mh(QLC?Ih&MHU<Gºi&CÃIFCAv+GU<GÂi5oRCExh&ICLI PI CAH=I+n)iohzHI T?Fh&GEDFk~D=onÂi5oqG?}#I T?Fh&GEDFkU<GÂi5oqGEHQ?GLhzHI GB*oqCEHCEi&#dGºU<Gºi&C
Q?MvZujM=dh(I h&M"H+U<GedKU<TEuM<I M;h&FdKFTAp<Ei5GU;GLdtCOd¦d9GEvZx<i5C{S-GOdXU<M"v+GedrI h&~D=Ged.~D<h<CLdd9M<Q?h&GEHIU<Gm CLM"HZuFhqp<hi5TES#h&T?G?P-niohzv+CASG
U<GiCuTLFh(M<U<GuFT?Q?TLU<GEHI GLP i5Gv+C?I T?Fh&GEi6U;Gv+MDIDFG)G?Ii5GOd0MDI hzi&i&CES-GLdMddGED}G?Ii&h(IRh&~DGOdE§B.Ged0FGOdd9MDFQ?Ged
v+hqH=TLFCEi5GOd»DI hi5h&d9T?Ged0d9MHI6uMDF$ioqGedd9GAH=I h&GEi¥Q?MHjd9I h(IDT?GedU<G0v+C?I h(LFGOd»uFGAv+h(LFGOd»i5M<Q?CEi5GOd+G?IU<G)d9hi5G?}`hddrDjdZU;Ged
Q?Md9I h&?FGed¥S-C?FU<M<h5d9GOdEjJKGLI IGZI FCAHd¦mM;Fv+CLI h(MH)U<Ged6FTed9G?CAD}0U<oC?QL~D<hdh&Ih&MHP.GLIKHM<ICAvZv0GAHIKi5C$v+hd9GZnZQLMH=I Fhqx<D=I h&MH
UD0B*CEH<SODG?U<M<QM<Fh&GEHI CEiGLI.U<GiCx=CLddG p<CAiqiTLGUDVYKRHG?P<U<M;h&I
¨
I FG!v+h5d9GGEH+uC?FCAiqiAiGCEp<GLQ i5oqG?}#I GEHjd9h&MH0M<Fh&GEHI CEi5G
UD^mC?QAh&OdQ?TLFCEv+h&~DGU<Gi&Cp<CiqiTLGU;Gi5o+T?FCADiI (dI²LiGU<GOd CEDI GOd>{-B.oqTAv+G?FS-GEHQ?GU<oD<H^d9I?i5GQ?TLFCEv+h&~"DGU<CEHjdi&C
p<CAiqiTLGZU;Gio+TLFCD;i5I PU<TEv+C?F~DT$U<Ged SFMD<uGOdU<GG?FFh&?FGed6GAI§U;G MHI²xMDhd¦d9G?P*Q?CLFC?Q?I TLFhd9GD<H=GZFGLQ?MvZuMd9h(I h&MH
U<GioqGedruC?Q?GCAD0uFM=mh&ItU<Gi&Cu=CLFI h(GQ?GAHIFCAiGUDkB*CEH<S#D=GLU<M;Q##B.oqCLQ?Q?FM<h5dd9GAv+GEHItUD0HMvxFGU<GOdGEHQ?GLhzHjIGed GLItU<GOd
RCExh&ICLI>dmM<FI hmh&TOdtC?QLQ?MvZuCES#HG!hqHU;TAHh(CAxiGAv+GEHIQ?GuFM<Q?GOd¦drDjdKU<G!I FCAHd¦mG?FIQD<iIDFGEi>
=ÆÆ=Æ 9 ,-= 3+:<9>>> =
i5oqCEu<uFM<QERGUD+v+hzi&h&GEDVUDV("=v+hziqi5TEHC?h&FG?Pi5G u<i5CEHVU<G i<;GEHQ?GLhzHI GQ?MH<HC?l&IÉD<H+xM"D<i5GEp<GLFd9GEv+GAHItd9I FDQ?IDFGEip<hqCiC
v+M<U<hmh&T?P0i5C®d9I FDQ?IDFGv ¨ v+GUD U<hdruMd9h&I h&m¹U<GU<TAihqv+h(I5C?I h(MH Q?MH=HCLl(I)D<H=GÄTEp<Mi&D=I h&MH.+B*GOdmMdd9Tedd9MHI
uC?FI h&GEi&iGAv+GEHIFG?QOFGEDjd9Ted9Pi5GEDF$uFM=mhqi¥GEH Ged9Iu<i&DjdCExFD<uIPi5GOd+U"LHCEv+h&~"DGedU<GFGEvZu<i5hd¦d9CES-GU<h&mm?FGAHIrXB*C
uFTOd9GAHQ?G`U;G`H=M<vZxF9GAD=}x<i5M;Qed,QLCEi5Q?C?h&FGOdPmM<Fv+CEHI$uC?FmM<h d,U<Ged,CEv+Ced,U<GEHjd9Ged,GLI$R=M<v+MSAH=Ged9PhqvZu<ih&~D=GLFC?h&I
i<;GL}h5d9I GEHQLGhqH=h&I h(Ci5GU;D<H=G³d9I FDQ?IDFGGEHTAiTAp<C?I h&M"HPGemmM"HU<FT?GU<CAHdZiG³mM=d¦d9T§JXG?FI C?hqHGOdQLM"D<uGOd+hzi&iqDjd9I FGEHIQ?G
u<RTEHMv+AHGZu=CLFiGZuGEHU<CES-GU<GOdx<iM<QOd$GLIiCVmM<Frv+CLI h(MH`U;CLQ?QED<vZD<i&C?I h&MHdGEH§u=hqi5GU;COddh&G?I I G ¡~"D"hKFTAp<Ei5GZiC
uFTOd9GAHQ?G0U;D<HºuC?FGAv0GAHIrµB&;GAH=QLG?hqHI GuMD<p<C?h&I!QLMHdIh&IDG?FD<Hºp<TLFh(I CAx;i5G0FGAvZu=CLFI!U<Guh&G?FFGed$G?IU;GVIGLF9FGVU;MHjI
i<;TAiTApCLI h(MH0uGEDI
¨
I FG$GOdIhqv+T?Gn8$),$!u<i&Dd U<G+a?P#c¡vk#©+GOduM;FI h&M;HjdU;GmMdd9Ted9P=~Dh=HGFGEp
¨
ICLh(GAHItCEi5M<Fd u<i&Dd
CEDQAD;HGmMHQ?I h&M"H+U<GU<TEi5hzv+h&I C?I h(MHP<d9GLFp<GEHIU<GU;TAuM;I M<h&Fd!&mhzS< ?OB.Ged°uFGEv+h&G?FdXTEi5TEv+GAH=I>dXU;GFTOmiGL}h&MH+hzHQLh(I GEHIn
mM<FvZD<iGLF i<;R;LuM;I ROd9GZU<G$i5CZIFCAHjdmM<Fv+C?I h(MH³U"DÂd9I C?IDIUD³d9h&IGLP.I FCAHd¦mM;Fv+CLI h(MHuGOFQLGEuI hqx<iGZU<CEHjd!i<;TLU<hm h(QLC?I h(MH
U;D;HGp<T?Fh&I CEx<i5GmM<FI hm h(QLC?I h&M"H+~#D=h-C HT?QLGOddh(I TiGI FCEHjdruM<FIU<G!u<i(DjdXU;G -ccvU;GFM<QERGOdtuM"DFtQLMHmGLQOI h(MH<HGOF.iGed
uC?FGAv+GEHI>dE
=ÆÆ=Æ 9
,-=
:<=1*> =0^<=>
B>;GemmMH=U<FGAv0GAH=I=v+Cedd9h5m.UD$vZDFtU;GEHQ?GLhzHI Gv+C?F~DGi;CExCAH=U-M"H+UDVd9h&I GOB*Cd9I FDQ?IDFG!Ged9II M<ICAiGAv+GEHIFDhzHTLG =3i5GOd
mMdd9Tedd9MH=I*Q?MvZx<i5TOdKuC?Fti5GOdGOmmMHU<FGEv+GAH=I>dUDVFGEvZuC?FI3sµMHQ?IDGEi&iGAv+GEHI P;M<H0Mxjd9GLFp<G!i5C!uFTOd9GAH=QLGU<GU<TEu=I>d
U<GÂv+Mxhqih&G?F0QLCEvZuCEHh5mM<Fv+GºCADÄd9G?hqH¤U<GmMdd9TedmM<Fv+CEHI+GEHQ?M<FGU<G)iTASLFGOdkU;TAuFGOdd9h&MHjdp<h5d9hqxiGed,U<CEHjd0iG
uCE3d9CES-GµB.C0HC?IDFGkU;Ged»U<TAu <I>d9P§Q?MHjd9I h(IDTOdZU<G,QLT?FCAv+h(~D<Ged»U<T?QLM<FT?GOdZG?I6mM=FI G?v+GEHImFCES#v+GEHI T?Ged9PU<GkFGOd9I>GOd
mCED<Hhq~DG?d£GLIºU;D<HGFh(QARGhzHUDjd9I Fh(G¤ih&IR=h&~DG?PkhqHU"D"h(I)iG¤Q?CLFC?QLILFGuF9MxCEx<i5GEv+G?HI`U;M<v+GOd9I h&~D=GÄU;GÄQ?G?I I G
mFT?~DGEHI C?I h&MH=P#x=h&GEH+~#D;CDQED<HGdIFDQLI²DFGQLM"HI GEvZujM<FC?hqH=GH ;CLh(ITLITU<T?QLGEi5T?GdD=F*iGdh(I G#
\!HG6v+M<U<h5mh(QLC?I h(MHkFCLU<h(QLC{i5GUD^d9I CLI²DItU#D^d9h&IGd;Mu?FGU<MH=QCEDkU<TAx;DItU<Gi&Cd9G?QLMH=U<Gv+M<h(I h&TU"D,(<v+hziqi5TEHCLh(FG
CEp"CEHIKHM<I FGZ?FGªi&iG+d9GZI FCLU"Dh&I Ptd9hµQ?G$H ;GOd9IXu=CLF i<;CExCEHU<MH)I M<I CEiXUD`dh(I G?P*UD^v+M;hqHjd!u=CLF D<HGZFD<uI²DFG$xFDI CEi5G
U<CEHjdi;M<Q?QAD<u=CLI h(MHUDÀsD=GLQER*k©+G½u=MHQOIDGEi&iGed I FCLQ?GOd¤UA;M<Q?QAD<u=CLI h(MHPºCLI IFhqx<DCEx<iGedCEDJtCAvZu=CAHhmM<Fv+G?P
I TEv+M<hqSHGEHItU;D<HG$mFTL~D=GAHICLI h(MH^druM<FC?U<h&~D=GUD,drh&I G?P=CAu<u=CLFGEvZv+G?HItCemmFCEHQERh&GU<Gd9I FDQ?IDFGOdU<M"v+Ged9I h(~#D=Ged GLI
C?FQARh(I G?QLID=FCAiGeduC?I GEHI GOd0qv+C?h5d9MHdZdD=FuM<I G?CED}#P§d9I FD=QLID=FGed$U<Gkd9I M<Q?ÁCASG0GL}QLCEp<TLGOd^Ptv+C?h&d$U<MH=Ii5GOd$Fh&QERGOd
I TEv+M<hqHdXQ?TLFCEv+h&~"DGedµHMDjdthzHQ?h&I GEHIn¥d9MD<iGp<GLF.i&C~DG?dIh&MH+UD+Q?CLFC?QLILFG!U<Mv+GOdIh&~DGU<G!QLG?I I GmFTL~D=GAHICLI h(MH*
Æ =# ?> =0>9 >=-0# Z -8k
B*GOd$dM"DFQLGOdCLFQERT?Mi5MSh&~D=GLdFTOdrD<i5ICEHIU<G»i5CVmM"Dhi&iG+UDÃd9h&IG+UD)s.DG?QAR)+CD=IGLIU<GOd6RCAx=h&I C?I>d$dh(IDTOdU;CAHjd¥D<H
GEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+G?HIºuF9M<QERGuGOFv+G?I>IGAHIU<GuFMu=Md9GLF9P^U<CEHjd i&C¤iMH<SDG®UDFT?GLP,D<H d9Q?TAH=CLFh(M mM"HU<T¯d4DF´iG
QERCAH;S-GEv+GAHIU<GZd9I CLI²DI§U;GQ?GOItRCExh&ICLImM<FI hmh&T$GLIdrDFi5GOd vVM<U<CEi5h(I TOdU;GioqM<QLQED<uC?I h(MH^U<Gi5oqGOdruCLQ?Gi5Gi5MH<S0U<G$i5C
p<CAiqiTLG0U<G»i5o+T?FCD<iI&mhqS=°aa0GLIa? Oµ[3hti5oqTEi&CExM<FC?I h&MHU<G0QLGkd9Q?TAHC?Fh&MºC+Djdr~DonuFTed9GEHIhzHI TES-FT0U<GOdp<C?FhqCAx;i5GOd
hqH=I FhqHjd9?~DGOd9Pi&h&T?Gedn0ioqTLQ?MHMv+h(G^CES-M;g uCOd9I M<FCEi5G?PHjM"Djd»uFMu=Md9M<HjdU<GFGEHjmM<FQ?G?FZi5G,v+M<U<Ei5GGEHhqHI TES-FCEHIi5C
S-GOd9I h&M"H^U<GOdFGOdd9MDFQ?Ged HC?IDFGEiqi5GOd v+hqHT?FCi5GOd$qI GEi&iGed ~#D=GiGxCOdCEi5IGDIhzi&h5d9Tu=MDFQ?MHjmG?QLI h(MH<HGOFiGed v+GED<i5GOd^
WZMDjdCEp<MHjdQ?GAH=I FT!HM<I FGCEHCAi(3d9GdrDF.i5GOdFGAi&C?I h(MHjdGEHI FG?I G?H<DGOdGAH=I FGedKR=CAxh(I C?I>dGLIÉv+hqHGOdU<GQED"hzp<FG¥UD0U-hd9I Fh&Q?I
U<GJKCExFh&?FGed $sµT?FG?I-ª HkGemmG?I P=D<HGU<Ged QLC?FC?QLI TOFhd9I h&~D=GLdU<G6HMIFGNOM<H=GU<oqTOIDU;GGed9ItU<G$QLM"HQOGAH=I>FG?FPnv+M<hzHjd
U<oD<H=G^U<GEv+h&g&M"DFHT?G^U<Gv+C?FQERGLP!U<GOd+FGOdd9MDFQ?GedQED<uFh5m?FGOdU<MHIi5oqG?}Ou;i5M<h(I CLIh&MHGOd9ICEp<TLFT?GUDFCEHIi5G)(
v+hqi(i5TEHCAh(FGCp<CEHI=HM<I FG!LFG!GLIU;Ged°RCExh&I C?I>dtQ?MHIGAvZuM<FC?hqHjdE
Æ&Å?Æ
>8 9-?? =1* 79-!56 "(55%(')#9-
B*GOd,I FCAp<CED}´FT?QLGEvZv+GEHI+Q?MHUD=h&I>d,GAHB*CEH<S#D=GLU<M;Q`Q?GAHIFCEiU<TEv+MHI FG?HIZ~"DG)i;GL}3u<i5M;h&I C?I h&M"H¤U<Ged,FGOd¦d9MD=FQLGOd
QED<uFh5m?FGOdUD`UhdIFh&Q?Iv+hqHh(GLFUD`yXFMD<v+gJKCAxFh(LFGOd&mhqS=µaLc?GOd9IhqHI G?Fp<GAH;DG+UD=FCAHIiG+WZT?Mi5h(IRhq~D=G+mhqHCiPtCD
Q?MDFdUD0U<GLFH=h&G?FX~DCLFI.UDVb("=v+hziqi5TEHC?h&FGCp<CAH=IHM<IFG¥?FG+p<G?Fd -ccg>c#ccxQ-JKGLI IGv+T?I CEi&i(DFS#h&GG?}#I FC?QLIhqp<GLP
uFC?I h&~"DTLGiM<Q?CAiGAv+GEHIQ?MvZv+GiGv+MHIFGi5CmMDhi(i5GUD+d9h&I GUGiCJXCEuh(I GAiqiGUD+yXFMD;vw vZxG?FI P< =L( -cc3 erP-GOd9I
drLH=QARFM;HGZCEp<GLQ$iC$uFGAv+h(LFGZTOICAuGZU;G$i<;M<QOQED<uC?I h(MH³U"DÂd9h&IGZUD^s.DG?QAR+CAD=I P*G?I§Q?MHI GEvZujM<FC?hqH=GZU<G$i5C$u<R=Ced9G
CEHQLh(GAH;HGU;Ged S-FM"D<uGOdU;GT?FCLNOC?PU<GOd ± FGLhzi&i5GOd!GLIKU<G ÉGLFFh(LFGOd$&mhqS=*aO_L{<ªi&i5GZmCAh(I§d9MH^CEu<uC?Fh&I h(MHkp<GLFd <cc#g
c#cc0Cp;HM<I FGZ?FGLPÉu<Dhdd9GZU<TAp<GEi5Mu;uGZqDjdr~D ;CED³U<TEx<DIU<Gi5C+d9G?QLMH=U<G$v+M<h&Ih&TZUD)I FM<hdh(Av+G$v+hziqi5TEHC?h&FGZCp<CEHI
HM<IFGZLFG
±
MDIKuM<F9I G$nQ?FM<h&FG$~DGi<;GL}3u<i5M<h(I C?I h&MH,v+hqHh(LFGZd;hqHIGLFFMvuIXni<;CEu<uFM;Q?RGU;Ged!U<G?FHh&G?Fdd9h&?QAiGed!UD
I FM<hd9h&Ev+Gv+hqi(i5TEHCAh(FGCp<CEHI=HM<I FG!LFG
B*GI G?Fv+hqH;DjdQERFMHMiMS-h(~DG+GOd9ITLICAx<ih§dD=FiCZxCOd9G+U<GOdCOdd9GEvZx<i5CES-GOdv+M"xhqih&G?Fdv+hdCAD`(MDFdD=FiGed$dh(I GOdU<G
YM<~DGOmGAH=Ged9I FG0&JKCAxFh(LFGOdG?IXUD^yXFM"D<vk<B*GOd!GAHjd9GEvZx<i5GOdd9G$FCAu<u=M<FI G?HI PU"Dkv+M<hqHdu=MDFQ?G~D=h*Q?MHQ?GLFHGi5C
S-FM;I I GUDVyKFMD<v+P<n!D<Hkm C?QLh(edQ?T?FCAvZh&~DG~Dh<Q?CLFC?Q?I TLFhd9Gi5C!I FM<hdh(Av+GT?I CEuGU<G!i<;M<Q?QED<uC?I h&MH0UDVd9h&I GUD+sD=GLQER
+CEDI¥zWZTLMih&IR=h&~DG+mhzHCi§?B&;GEHjd9GAvZx<iGZU<GOdU<MH=HT?GedQ?T?FCEv+h&~DGOdGLIU<GOdU<C?I C?I h&MHdJa?bkFT?CEi5h&d9TLGOd!v+MH=I FG?HjI
~DGºi;GL}3u<i5M;h&I C?Ih&MHU<GedFGOdd9MDFQ?GedQED<uFhmLFGOdUDÄU;h&dIFh&Q?I+UDyXFMD<v+gJXCExFh(LFGOdGed9IhqHI GOFp<GEH<DGU<CEHjd,D<HG
Q?MvZvZD<HCEDI T!QAD<iIDFGEi&iGTp<hqU<GEHI G?PGAH+Q?M<H;HGL}h&MH+CEp<GLQ i5GOdtS#FM"D<uGOdXU<G i5C v+MeGEH<HG p<CAi(i5T?GU<Gi;+TLFCEDi5IX&mhS=<aLc?
JKGZQLMH=I GL}I GZQERF9MHjM;g>QED<i5I²DFGAi§drDS#SLFGD<HGZhzHI G?FFGAiCLI h(MH`mMFI GZGEHIFG$i5C$uFTOd9GAH=QLGZU<GZFGOdd9MDFQ?GedQED<uFhmLFGOdG?I
i5GEDFtG?}Ou<iM<h&I C?Ih&MHZu=CLFtU<GOdXQ?MvZvZD<H=CADITed.H=TLMih&IR=h&~DGOdtCDI M;QARIM<HGOdE
ÆÆ =&$? <0>9 -É1* = >9 3 ÆÆÆ
B*C`dr?HIROd9G)U<GOd0U<MH=HT?Ged0FGEi5C?I hzp"GOd0ni;TLQ?MHM"v+h&G)G?IniC`dM;QLh(TLI T)U"D¼(<v+hqi(i5TEHCAh&FG)CEp-CEHIHM<IFG)LFG)G?H
B*CEH<SDGLU;M<QQ?GAHIFCAiuG?Fv+GOItU<GuMd9GLFKi5GOd(CAiMHjd U;D<HkQ?CLU<FGU<GFTemiGL}h&MH*
w
D0s.DGLQER0+CAD=I PU;CAHjdKD;HGD<Hh(I TU<G
I GEvZujdKGLIU;GedruC?QLG!U<MH=HT?Ggv+C?I T?Fh&CEi5hdT?Gu=CLFÉD<HZu<i5CEH+Q?MRT?FGAHIG?I=D<HG i5MH;S#DG!UDFT?GU;M;QLQED<uC?I h&M"H+g*MH+COddh&d9I G
nD<HGiGAHIGI FCEHjdmM<Fv+C?I h&M"H^U<Gi5CZmM<Fv+GU;Gi;RCExh&I C?IXG?Itni&Cv+C?I T?Fh&CEi&h5drCLI h(MH^U<GZd9MH³dr#dIAv+G$U<G$U<Ti5hzv+h&I C?I h(MH*
J°RCLQED<HGU<GOdTLI CEuGOdU<G^Q?G?I I GI FCAHd¦mM;Fv+CLI h(MHQ?CLFC?Q?I TLFhd9GkD<H£QAOQAiGkvZC?F~DT0uC?FZU<G,uFMmMH=U<Ged»vZDICLI h(MHjd9P
uG?FQLGEuI hqx<iGedKCDgU<GEi5nU<GOdXd9hqvZu;i5GOdXmM<Fv+GOdXU<Gi;RCExh&ICLI
B*CZQ?MHQ?M<FU<CEHQ?GZU<G$i<;TAp<Mi(DI h&M"H³U<G$H=MvZxFGED}uCLFCEv+?I>FGOdI TEv+M<hqSHGZU;D;HG$p<TLFh(I CAx;i5G$v+M<U<hm h(QLC?I h(MH³U"D³d9I CLI²DI
U<GOd$M<Q?QAD<u=CLI h(MHjd0&mhzSXaLG?IaEbO*B>;CAHCEi&#d9G+U<GOd$U<MH;HTLGOd$U<Gi5C0mMDhi(i5GZv+G?IGEHÃCEp<CAH=IQ?G+iGAH=IuFM<Q?GOd¦drDjd~D<h
U<TEx<DI G!ni5CmhzH¡U<GiCd9GLQ?MHU<G v+M<h&Ih&TU"D¡b(<<v+hi(i5TEHCAh&FG!Cp<CHI=HM;I>FG!LFG$&mhqS=-aO_?O«i;d9G!QLC?FCLQ?I T?Fh5d9GuC?F ?
gD<Hv+MD<p<GEv+GAHIU;GZI>FCEHjdmGLFIQED<i5ID=FGAiXFG?I FCAHdQ?Fh&IU<CEHjd!iG#d!uFM<UD=QLI h(MHjdQ?T?FCAv+h(~DGOdGLIKi5GZF"i5GZI G?H<DuC?FiGed
T?QARCEH<SGed =
gKD<HGv+M<U<h5mh(QLC?Ih&MHU;M<FU<FG$T?QLMHMv+h(~DG$QLM<FFGOdruMHU;CAHIKn$i5CI FCEHjdmM<Fv+C?I h&M"H^U<Gi<;TEi5GEp-CES-GG?IXniCU<hzv+hqH<DIh(MH
U<G i5CuC?FIU<Gi5CQ?T?FTLCEi&h&QEDi5IDFG =
gD;HGI FCEHjdmM<Fv+C?I h&M"H+UDVd9I CLI²DIU<Gi<;RCAx=h&I C?I PU<Gi<;Cemmh&QERCSG¥dM;QLh(CAiG?IU<GLdmM<Fv+GOdXU;Gi<;CEu<uFMu=Fh&C?I h&MH+U;Gi<;GedruC?QLG?P
HM<ICAvZv+G?HICED+I FCEp<GLFdtU"D¡F iGI GEH<DZuC?FiGed°GAHQ?G?hqHI GOdE
DGEi&iGedZd9MHIPXni<;T?QAR=GAi(i5G0FTASh&MH=CAiGLPtiGed$Q?CEDjd9Ged$U<G0Q?GLII GkIFCAHjdmM<Fv+C?I h(MH $B*G^d9QERTAv+C,IRT?MFh(~DG0~DGHMDd
uFMuMd9MHjdKdGmMHU<GdrDFi;hqHU;hqp<hqUDCih&d9CLI h(MHZU<GI FM<hdtTOI CEuGedKCED»d9G?hqHZUD¡QEOQAiGU<GI FCEHjd9h&I h(MH¡G?H=I FGiGWZTOMi5h(IRh&~"DG
G?I=i5o
S-GUD+yXFMHNOG$&mhSa L{
=Æ =# ?> =0L= Ç
B*oqhzvZuM<F9I CAH=I GU=M<QAD;v+GAHICLI h(M<HkC?FQART?Mi5MSh&~D=GFGLQEDG?hi&i&h(Gni5oT?QARGEi&iGUD^d9h&I GUD0s*DG?QAR0+CEDI P;v+CLhdTES-CiGAv+GEHItn
Q?GAi(i5GkUD´I G?FFh&I M<h(FGkG?I¥U"D¹dr3d9I Ev+GkU<GuGAD;u<i5GEv+GAH=I P§C,TLI TDIhqi&h5d9T?G0uMD=FI GEHI G?F$U<GkFGOdIh&IDG?FZdu=CLI hqCEi5GEv+GEHI!i5GOd
hqvZu=CLQ?I>d!uCE#dCES-G?Fd!Ced9d9M<QLh(Ted6CD}0I FCEHjdmM<Fv+CLIh&MHjddM;QLh(Ci5GOd!U<TLU"Dh&I GOdU<G?dU<MH<H=TLGOdC?FQART?MiMS-h(~#D=GedE<stMDF!QLGiCLP
HMDdCEp<MHjdU<TAp<GEi5Mu;uTZD<H=G+U<TEv+CLFQERG+U<G»vVM<U<TEi5hd9CLI h(MHÃmMHU;TLG0dD=FioqCLFIh&QED<i5C?I h&M"H`GAHIFGZD<HÃd9Q?TAHC?Fh&Md9M<QLh(M<g
T?QLMH=M<v+h(~DGU<oD<H=GuC?FIGLI*d4DFioqh&U<GEHI hm h(QLC?I h(MH+U<GOdtFGedd9MDFQEGedKGAH;p"h(FMH<HGEv+GEHI CEi5GOdXUD+IGLFFh(I M<h&FG!U<oqCDIFGuC?FI
b=&asµFhzHQ?hquG!U<Gi&Cv+M<U;TAih&dC?I h(MH+U<GOd.DdC{S-GOdXU<G?dtuCE#dCES-GOd
«iXd9oqGed9IXCES-h(I PU<CEHjd D<HkuFGEv+h&G?FI GEvZujd9P*U;GuFMuMd9GLFdrDFiC$xCed9G$U<GOdU;MH<HTOGOd!U<G¡mM"Dhqi(i5GOd/,Zq%5qU<MH<H=TLGOd
C?FQART?MiMS-h(~DGLdv+CAh5d,TSCAiGAv+GEHIZC?FQART?M<NOM<M"i5MSh&~DGOdkG?I$u<CAiTLMx=M<I CEHh&~D=GedP D<HÄd9QLTEHC?Fh&M¤d9M<Q?h&M<gTLQ?MHM"v+h&~DG
hqH=I TASFCAH=IZi5GOdTEi5TEv+GAHId)dDdQ?GEuI hqx;i5GOdkU<oqCEp<Mh&F0D<HhqvZuC?Q?IZGAH<p<h(FMH<HGEv+G?HI CEiH=M<I CEx<i5G´drDF0iGed,uCE#dCES-GOdAB.Ged
U<MH;HTLGOdKuCEi5T?M<gU<TAv+M"S-FCEu<Rh&~"DGed°uG?Fv+GLII GEHjIU;oqGed9I hzv+GLFtCEDmhqi=U#D+IGAvZujd°i5C uMu<D;i5C?I h&MH+U"DVdh(I GU"DZs*DG?QARZ+CEDI P
n!uC?FI h&FXU"D+HMvZx=FG¥U;oD<Hh&ITedU<M"v+Ged9I h(~DGOdRCExh&I C?I>d #U<GEHjd9h&IT¥U;GedU<TEuM<IM<h&Fd^ºGOdIhqv+T?GedQ?M<H=I GAvuM<FC?hqHGOddrDF
i5CxCed9G0U<GOdZU<M"H<HT?Ged»CLFQERT?Mi5MSh&~DGOdE°JKGkI FCEp-C?hiCkT?I T0vZGAHT drDFi5Gkd9h&I G,UD`s.DGLQER¡CEDIQ?MvZv+G^drDFi5GOd
S-hd9GAv+GEHI>d uFM<QERGed uC?FI h&Q?hquCEHItUD0v ¨ v+Gdr3d9I Ev+GU<Gu=GAD<u;i5GEv+GAHIr-«riµdoqCES-h(ItGAHjdrD<h&IGU<GU<M"H<HT?Ged FGAiCLI hzp<GLdCD=}
drDFmC?QLGOdZCES-Fh&Q?Mi5GOdGL}3u<i5M;h&I T?GedU<CEHjd¡i5GQLCAU;FG^U<G,i5oqC{i5hqv+GEHI C?I h(MHU<GOd»uMu<D<iCLIh&MHjdQ?MHQ?GLFH=TLGOd9PQLG?I>IG^U<M"HHT?G
U<T?QLM"D<i5CEHItU<GioqTLID=U<GuCEi5T?M<gU<TAv+M"S-FCEu<Rh&~"DGuFT?QLT?U<GEvZv+G?HItQLh(I T?Ged v+CLhdCEDjddhU<GOdU<M"H<HT?Ged GLIR=HMSFCAu;Rh&~D=Ged
FGEi5C?I hqp<GOdCAD=}kFGAH=U<GAv+GEHI>dG?ICAD}dD=FmCLQ?Ged6uC?F!D<Hh&ITedU<Mv+GOd9I h&~D=GedEªHjmhqH=P*iGVd9Q?TAHC?Fh&M)hzHI ES-FG»i5GOdU<M"H<HT?Ged
FGEi5C?I hqp<GOdnQLM"HQLG?FHGioqTAiGAp<CES-G/="i5GLd hqvZuC?Q?I>dGEH<p<h&FMH;HGAv+GEHI CAD=}+dM"HIXmM<FI GEv+G?HItU<h5mmT?FGAH=QLh(Ted GAH^mMHQOIh&MHkU<GOd
I?uGOdXU<G!QAR=GAuIGAi dqU;M<QAD;v+GAHITu=CLF.i5GOdm C?h&I>d°CLFQERT?M<NOM<MiMS-h(~#D=GedtG?IUD¡I²LuG!U<Gu=FCLI h(~DGed!&d9G?QLMH=UdXFGOd9I CEHI=u<i&Dd
R<?uM=IRT?I h&~D=Ged
JKGedTEi5TEv+GAH=I>d)d9MHIVdr?HIRTOIh5d9Ted,u=CLF0D;H¤U<h&CSFCAvZv+GI Fh(CH<SD<i&CLh(FGFGAuFTOd9GAH=I CAH=IZi5oqTEp<Mi&D=I h&MHU<G)iCºuCLFIU<GOd
C?QLI hzp<h&I TOdCSFh&Q?Mi5GOd9PU<GLd uFC?I h&~DGOdu=Ced9I M<FCEi5GOd!GLIKU<GQERCedd9G3 eQEDG?hqiqiGLI IGuM"DFQAR=CLQED<HG$U<GOdu=TLFh(M<U<GOdQ?MHjd9h(U<TLFT?GOd
ÉhqS*a C¦ w i5oqhzHI T?Fh&GEDFU<Gi5oqC?QLI hp<h(I Tu=Ced9I M<FCEi5G?P=i5GuM<h(Ud!U<G$QARC?QED<H^U<GOd!QARG?u=I GAi d$HT?QLGOddh(I CEHIXU<GOd!v+M<U<GOd!U<G
Q?MHUDh(I G+G?IU<GOdhzvZuC?QLI>d6uCE3drCASGLFd6U<h5d9I hzHQLId>GOd9IFGAu;i5C?QLTZU<CEHjd6D<H`GOdu=CLQ?GZI Fh&U;hqv+GEHjd9h&MH<H=GAi§M"p"hzH VQ?CEuFhqH
FG?QLMD=Fh&FnD;HGv+T?IRM<U<G6uGLFrv+GLII CAHItg§drDFtiCxCLd9GU<GU<MH<HT?GedKuM;HQ?IDGEi&iGedC?QL~Dhd9GLddrDFti5Gd9h&IG¥gtU<G6uFM<u=Md9GOF
U<GOdR;LuM;IROdGOd¢U<GÄdruC?I h&CEi&h5drCLIh&MH*ZB.Ged¹uCE3d9CSGedC?Q?IDGi5d9PuG?FADjd¢UCAHdºi5GEDFdQ?MvZuMd9CEHI GOdx=h&MiMS-h(~#D=Ged
uFhzHQ?hquCEi5GEv+GAH=Ip"TES-T?I CEi5GGLICExh(M<I h&~DGOdqFGAih&GOmPµd9Mi dPÉR<OU<FMS-FCEu<Rh(G¦rP°d9MH=ImM<FI GEv+GEHjICEHC?QARFM;Hh(~DGOd =hzi²d!HG
uGED<p<GAH=I P<U<CEHjdKi5GEDFXGEHjd9GEvZx<i5G?P
¨
I>FG!vVM"xhqih5d9TedKu=MDF§druC?I h&CEi&h&d9GLF°i5GOdhqHjmM<Fv+C?I h(MHjdE#B*o(MvZHh;ujFTOd9GAH=QLGU;GiC!p"hzS#HG
GOdIiGVdrhqS#H=G$i5GZu;iqDjdT{p"h(U<GEHIU<G+Q?G?I I G+U;h5d9QLM;FU<CAH=QLGU<GedI GvZudAWZMDdCEp<MHjdU<MHQMuI T»uMDF!D<HGU<TEv+CLFQERG
FGEuMd9CAH=I¥drDFioDI hqih&d9CLI h(MHÃU;G+iC0QLMvZu=Md9CAHIGVIMuMS-FCEu<Rh(~DG?PXqDSTLGu<i(Djdd9I CEx<iGdrDF6i5G0I GEvZujdi5MH;S-PXQ?MvZv+G
drD<u<uM;FI U<G i5C druCLIh&Cih5dC?I h(MH*ÄJKG QARM;h&} Ged9I Q?MHjmh(F v+T uC?F iGed U<MH<H=TLGOd S-T?Mv+M<Fu=RMiMS-h(~DGOd¾G?I
S-T?M<C?FQAR=TLMiMS-h(~DGLd6~D<hµhzHU<hq~D=GAHIKD<H`mCLhzx<i5GZhzvZuC?QLICAH=IRFM"uh&~D=G+dD=Fi5oqT{p"M"i&DI h(MH)U<GedmM<Fv+Ged6UD^u=CA#d9CASGZCAD
v+M<hzHjdqDjd9~Doqn!i&C!uT?Fh&M<U<GCEHI h(~DGZ©+GEp"hzi&iGLFXhzHJKCLFM;NONOC6A(< <cc#_$G?I©+GEp"hzi&iGLFPstFMp<GAHdCEi5P; -cc#?-[3DF°i5C!xCOdG
U<GOdU<MH;HTLGOdI M<u=MS-FCEu<Rh(~DGOdCLQ?IDGEi&iGLd9PHM"DjdCEp"M"HjdFG?QARGLFQERTZU<GOd6D<Hh&ITed!u=CA#d9CASLFGOdMDv+MFu;RjMu=CA#d9CASGedE
JKGedGEHI h(I TedQ?M<FFGOdruMHU<G?H=I*nU<GOdKuM<FI h(MHjdU<G!i5C!I MuM"S-FCEu<Rjh(G!uFTed9GEHI CEHI*U;GedmM<Fv+GOd9PuFMuFh&T?I TOdGLIÉuFM<Q?GeddrDjd
FGEi5C?I hqp<GEv+GAHI=R=Mv+MS-EHGOdEeª H+QLGd9GAHjd9Pi5GOd°v+M<Fu<RMuCE3d9CES-GOd§d9GFCEu<uFM;QARG?H=IU<GiCU<TOmhqHh(I h&M"H+U<GedKI G?FFM<h&Fd9P<d9CAHd
GEHÃhqH=QAi(DFGi5GOd$U<hqv+GEHjd9h&MHdS-T?Mi5MS-hq~"DGed$G?IQEi&hqv+C?I h(~#D=GedEµJtGOdD<Hh(I TOdP°uCLFU<TemhzHh&Ih&MHP°uMdd9LU<GEHI D<HGRh5d9I M;h&FG
S-T?Mv+M<Fu=RMiMS-h(~DGQ?MvZvZD<HG?PHM<I CEvZv+G?HIGEH+I G?Fv+GU;G¥dDdQ?GEuI hqx=hqi&h&ITni5oqT?FMd9h&M"H*
B*CU<TEi5hqvZh&ICLI h(MH`U<GQLGOdGEHI h(I TOddruC?Ih&CEi5GLdCZTLIT+FT?CAi&hdT?GZu=CLF!I FCLh(I GEv+GAHIU;oD<H)]^M<U<Ei5GW$D<v+T?Fh&~DGZU;G
±
G?FFCLhzH
d9MDjd[«¦¬$P"p-h&C i5CQ?MvZxhqH=CLh&d9MH0U<GU<GAD=}uC?FCEv+LI FGOd ?Lioq«HU;hqQLGU<G!sµM=dh(I h&M"H
±
Mu=MS-FCEu<Rh(~DGZÃG?h&dd =L( <c#c=a
G?Iti5oq«rHU<h&Q?G ± MuMSFCAu;Rh&~D=GU<oZD;v+h&Uh&I T0qyXGEp<GAH) tL(Xa ?<B.Gu=FGAv+h(GLFhzHU<h&Q?G$QLC?FCLQ?I T?Fh5d9Gi5oqGEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+GEHjI
U<oD<Huh(}#GEiQLhzx<i5G,GAHuFGEHCEHIGAHQ?MvuI G^d9C0uM=dh(I h&M"HgG?H´QLM"HjI FGExCOdZMD´GEH´RCEDI GEDFÃu=CLF$FCAu;uM<FIn^d9MH
p<M<h5d9hzHCS-Gn!U<GD}TLQERGEi&i5GOdXdruC?I hqCEi5GOdtU<h&mmT?FGAHIGed!D<H+GEH<p<h&FMH;HGAv+GEHI=uFM<Q?RG?Ph GLD;HGQ?GAH=I CLhzHGU;Gv+?I FGed9PG?I=D<H
GEH<p<h&FMH<H=GAv+G?HI°u<i&Djd iM<hqHICLhzHPhG#<~DGEi&~DGOdQ?GEHI C?hqHGOd!U<G!v+LI FGOdJKM<vZxhzHT$CAp<G?QiCuGEHI G$I M<u=MS-FCEu<Rh(~DG?Phi
uG?Fv+GOIU<GkU<TOmhqHh(FioqCAu;uCLFIG?HCAH=QLGkU;G^IMDI!uh(}#GEin`aOc)QEi5CLdd9Ged»U<G^mM<Fv+GOdZTEi5TEv+G?HI C?h&FGOdZU"D¹FGEi5h(Gem ?.p<GLFd9CEHI P
u<iCLI G?CEDPjmM"HU0U<Gp<CAi(i5T?GLP=I
¨
I GU<G6p"CEi&iTLG B*oq«rHU<h(QLG
±
MuM"S-FCEu<Rh(~DGU;oZD<v¡h(U<h&ITGed9I.DI hzi5h&d9TuM"DF§U;h5d9I hqH;S#DG?FPn
i5oqhzHI T?Fh&GEDFU<GOd!GAHIh&I TOd!UD^FGEi5h&G?mPU<Ged!NOMH=Ged uFTOd9GAHICAHI°D<H³Q?MvZuM<FI G?v+GEHIKR<eU;FMiMS-h(~#D=GRM"v+MS-EHG<«iµGOd9I Pn
Q?GLIGemmG?I P´Q?MDFCEvZv+GAH=IDI hzi5hdT GEHv+M<U;TAih&dC?I h(MHR<OU<FMiMS-h(~DG GLI¼uGLFv+G?I¤U;G U;h5d9I hqH;SODGLF i5GOd®NOMH=Ged
uFTOmTLFGEHI h&GEi&iGedU<FC?hqH=TLGOdU<GOdkNOMH=Ged,uM;I G?HI h(GAi(i5GEv+GAHIG?H<S-M;FS-T?GedUD®mCLh(I+U<GºiGDF0uM=dh(I h&M"HÄI M;uMSFCAu<R=h&~DG
DC?I FGQLC?I TES-M<Fh(GedU;G¥Q?MvuM<FIGAv+G?HI.R<OU<FMiMS-h(~DGOdMHI.TLI TFG?I G?H<DGOd ?Oxh&GEHVU;FCLhzHTGLItdG?Q ="U<FCLhzHT =-R<D<v+h&U;G =
GEH+GLCED*OB*C!QLM;vZxhqH=CLhdM"H+U<GQLGOdXU;GAD}hqHU<h(QLGOd°uFM<UDh(I~DC?FCAH=I GQ?CLITASM<Fh&GOdXIRT?M<Fh&~"DGedKU<MH=Iµd9GAD;i5GEv+GAHIIFGEHjI G?g
U<GED}GOmmGLQ?I hp<GEv+GAHIFT?CEi5h&d9TLGOdE
J°RCLQED<HG0U<oqGEHI FG0GEi&iGd9Gp<M<h&I!CLQ?Q?M<FU<TD<HÃhzHU<h(QLGuM<IGAHIh&G?iU<oDI hih&dC?I h(MHÃU<G)aOc#cPt~D<hdG0FTEuC?FI h&IdD=hp"CEHI i5GOd
C?QLI hzp<h&I TOdCS-Fh(QLM"i5GOdPuCLd9I M;FCAiGedÂGLI0U<G´QERCOdd9G¤ÉhSa3@A¥\¥HG´Q?GAi(iqD<i5GºuGEDI0CLhzHjdhZFGOm²i5T?I GLF,u<i(Djdh(GADFd,DdCES-GOd
d9hqvZDi5ICAHTOdG?I.uGEDItMD0HMH
¨
IFGG?}Ou<iM<h&ITLGn6i5CI M;I CAih&I TU<GdM"HVu=MI GEHI h&GEi>©+CAHdQ?GuFGEv+h&G?FXv+M<U;AiGI GOdIP<HMDjd
CEp"M"HjddrD<u<uMd9T~DGI M"DI GOdtiGedQ?GAiqi(Di5GOdTLI C?h&GEHItdM;h&I*G?}Ou;i5M<h(I TLGOdn!i5CI M<ICAi&h(I TU<G!i5GEDFtuM<IGAHIh&GEi5Pd9M<h(I*hqH=GL}3u<i5M<h(I T?GedE
JKGU<GEHh&G?FuM<hzHIXGOdItU<T?I GOFv+hzHTu=CLFKi5oqCEu<u<ih&Q?CLI h(MHkU<oD<H0v+M=U<AiGU<Gd9hzvZD<i&CLIh&MHkU<Gv+C?FQERjGd9I CEHU<C?FU)5¬$C?FvZ+
?(* <cc#_?~"D"h.uG?Fv+G?IU<GZU<T?I>G?Fv+hqHG?F!i5GOdI GEv+ujd6U<oqCLQ?Q?edU=GEu<Dh5d6QARC?~DG$u=h&}#GEiXU<G$i5ohqv+CES-G$p<G?Fd!i5GOd!uM;I GAH=I h&GEi²d
U<oDjd9CSGed hzS-a @A
B*CQ?MvZxhzHCLhd9MHÄGEHI FGºi5CQ?CLFIGÃU;Ged,uM;I GAHI h(GAi dGLI»i5oqC?QLQ?GLdd9hqxhih&I TºuG?Fv+GLIU<GU<T?I GLFv+hzHGOFPCEDI MD=FkUD drh&I G?P
i5oqTEp<MiqDI h(MH+U<G i5CU;hqp<GLFd9h(I TuCE#dCES-?FGG?I=uC?FtQOMHjd9TL~"DGAH=IU<G#dXFGOdd9MDFQ?Ged!hzS<a ??©+CAHjd°D<H+FCEeM"HVU<G! RGEDFGOd
U<Gv+C?FQERGCEDI MDFUD^d9h&I GU#D0sDG?QERV+CEDI P;i&CUhqp<G?Fdh(I TTEp-Mi(DGU<Gv+CEHh(LFGi&hzHT?CLh(FG#B*GOduM"u<D<i5C?I h(MH^dC?I h&dmMHI
i5GOdC?Q?I hp-h(I TU<Gu=FM<UDQ?I h&M"HCES-Fh(QLM"i5GOdGLI.uCOd9I M<FCEi5GOdCADkdG?hqH0U<GiC6d9GEDi5GUhqp<G?Fdh(I TI G?FFh&I M;Fh&CEi5GU<G6i&Cu<i&C?hqHGG?ItU<GOd
Q?M<I G?CAD}; w Dg>U;GAi&n?P*GEHI FGZ kG?IXb0R=GADFGOd!U<G$v+C?FQARG?P*Q?G?I I GZUhqp<G?Fdh(I TZdoqC?Q?QLFM<l(I§FCEuh(U<GAv+GEHIGAH)FGEi5C?I h&MH)Cp<G?QiGed
Djd9CSGedÂuM<IGAHIh&GEi²dºU<GOd)D;Hh&I TOdÂv+M<Fu<RMi5M"S-h&~DGOdºUD¯B.M<UTAp<M<hdAB.CU;h&QERM<I Mv+h(GGEHI F9GGOdruC?QLGOdº~DM<I h(U<h&GEHjd
qU<M"v+hqHTOdºuC?F)D<H=G¤mCLhzx<i5GU<hzp<GLFd9h&IT¦ºGLIGOdu=CLQ?GedÃu<i&DjdÂi&M<hzHI C?hqHjd¼u<i&DdU<hp<GLFd9hm h(TedºCAu<u=CLFC?l&IQLM"vZv+G£D<HG
Q?MvZujM=dCEHI G$mM<FI GU<G6i5oqM<FSCAHhd9CLI h(MHkI G?FFh&I M<Fh(CAiGUD0sDGLQER++CEDI«i*mCDItFGEv+CLF~"DGLFK~#D=Gi5oCLQ?Q?ed CD}$vZhqHGOdU<G
JKCAxFh(LFGOddGd9h(IDGnD<H+d9GAD<hqiuFM;QARG!U<GiCNOMHG!U<GI FCEHjd9h&Ih&MH+GAH=I FGQ?GedKU<GED}GOdruCLQ?GLdE
B*CºQLM"v+xhzHCLhd9MH¤GAH=I>FGºv+M<U<Ei5GºTLQOM"HM<v+h(~DG?P!v+M<U<Ei5G`U;G)uM=I GEHjI h(GAi$GLI$v0M<U<Ei5G`U;oqCLQ?QLGOdd9hqxhzi&h&I TÂuGLFv0GLIZU=G
uFMuMd9G?FP#u=MDFtQAR=CLQED<HG!U<Ged°u<RCOd9Ged°h&U<GEHI hm h(TLGOd9POD<HG!FGLQ?MHjd9I h(IDI h(MH+U<GOd.DjdrCASGed.u=Mddhzx<i5GU;GedtGOdruC?QLGOdE
=Æ | -?>
B*oqCEu<u<ih&Q?CLIh&MHknQERC?QAD<H=GU<GLd TLI CEuGOdU<oqT{p"M"i&DI h(MH^d9M<QLh(M<gU<Tv+MSFCAu<R=h&~DGU#D^drh&I Gu=GLFv+G?ItU<GuFM;uMd9G?F »TLI CEuGOd
U<CEHjd°i&CdIFDQLI²DFCLIh&MH+U<GOd.uCE#dC{S-GOdtCAD=I MDFtU<GLdKGEHQLG?hqH=I GedKUDZsDG?QARZ+CD=IX=hqS=L -c?
B*Cu;RCed9GaQ?M=FFGedruMHU$nD<HGT?I CEuGU;GdIFDQ?IDFC?I h&M"H¡U<oD;H+GedruC?QLGv+M;HM<Q?GEHjI FT!CAD=I MDF.UD»d9h(I GU<GR=CADIGADF?B*GOd
GOdu=CLQ?Gedn)mM<FIuM=I GEHI h(GAiCASFCLh(FGLPHM;I CAvZv+GEHIujM"DF$i5GOd»uFM<UDQ?I h(MHjdQLT?FT?CAih&?FGed9Pd9GkiM<Q?CAi&hdGEHIU;Gkv+CEHh&?FG