الأم العاملة بين الأدوار الأسرية والأدوار المهنية دراسة ميدانيةللأمهات العاملات في المؤسسات العمومية - البويرة

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ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺪــﻬﻌﻣ

ﻢـﺴﻗ

:

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ

ﻉﺮﻓ

:

ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ

ﺺﺼﲣ

:

ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ

ﺮﺘﺳﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ

2 ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﰲ

ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ

ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ

:

ﺖﲢ

ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ

ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

:

ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺳ ﰲﺭﺎﻌﻟﺍ

-ﺩ

.

ﺪﻤﳏ ﻑﻮﻠﳐﻮﺑ

ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ

ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ

ﻟﻟﻟﻟ

ﺕﺎﻬﻣﻸ

ﻲﻓ ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ

ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ

ﺓﺮﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ

- - - -

ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

:

2011

/

2012

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ﺕﺎﺤﻟﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻬﺑ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻌﻧﻭ ﻪﻠﻀﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﻑﻮﻠﺨﻣﻮﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ

،ﻖﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺠﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺍ ﻪﻠﺒﻘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺡﺎﺠﻧﻹ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻳﺎﻋﺭﻭ

.

ﻥﺎﻓﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻪﻠﻤﺤﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺑ

ﻲﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻨﺗﻭﺪﻗﻭ ﺎﻧﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻥﺎﻳﺯ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

.

ﻲﻧﺪﻋﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺐﻳﺮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ

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ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﻤﺛ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻟ ﺀﻲﻀﺘﻟ ﺖﻗﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

،ﻥﺎﻣﻷﺍ

ﻥﺎﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻣﺪﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻥﻮﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺃ

ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺪﻨﺳ ﻲﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ

ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺩ ﻲﻟ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻲﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺑﺃ

ﻲﻓ ﺐﺤﻟﺍ ﺾﺒﻧﻭ ﻲﺘﺠﻬﺑ ﺊﻟﻷﻭ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺮﻫﺍﻮﺟ ،ﻱﺮﻤﻋ ﻝﺍﻮﻃ ﻢﻬﺒﺣ ﻲﻧﺍﺬﻏ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻲﺒﻠﻗ

ﻲﺗﺍﻮﺧﺃﻭ ﻲﺗﻮﺧﺇ

ﺏﺎﺒﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

:

،ﺮﺟﺎﻫ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ،ﺓﺭﻮﻧ

،ﺔﻤﻴﺴﻧ ،ﺓﺪﻴﻤﺣ

،ﻝﺍﻮﻧ،ﺎﻴﺳﺁ

،ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺗ

ﻨﻃﺎﻓ ،ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ

ﺓﺮﻤﺳ ،ﺔ

.

ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺐﻳﺮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺎﺒﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﺎﻗﻷﺍﻭ ﻞﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ

.

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ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﻬﻓ ﺭﻜﺸ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺀﺍﺩﻫﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﻬﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ... ... ... 1 -3 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ : ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ 1 -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ... ... ... 06 2 -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ... ... ... 06 3 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ... ... ... 07 4 -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ... ... ... 07 5 -ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ... ... ... 10 6 -ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ... ... ... 10 7 -ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ... ... ... 16 8 -ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ... ... ... 20 9 -ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ... ... ... 22 10 -ﺏﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ... ... 28 ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺭﺨ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... ... ... 31 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ) ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ( ... ... 31 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ... ... 33 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩ ... ... 36 ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ... ... ... 37

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ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... ... ... 38 ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻸﻝ ﺔﺠﻭﺩﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ... ... . 39 ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ... ... ... 40 ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ... ... ... 41 ﺔﺠﻭﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ... ... .... 43 لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺭﺨ ﻡﻸﻝ لﻬﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ... ... 45 ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ... ... ... 47 ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... ... ... 39 1 لﻤﻋ لﻼﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ... ... . 49 2 -لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ... ... 51 3 -ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ... ... 53 4 -ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ... ... 54 5 -ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺕﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻨﻹﺍ ... ... 58 ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ... ... ... 60 ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ : ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... ... ... 63 1 -ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ... ... ... 63 2 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ... ... ... 65 3 -ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ... ... ... 70 ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ... ... ... 78 ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... ... ... 80

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1 ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺎ ... ... 81 2 -ﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﺝﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﻲ ... ... 85 3 ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ... ... ... 87 ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ... ... ... 89 ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻭﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... ... ... 91 1 -ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﺍﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻭﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ... ... 91 2 -ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ... ... 94 ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ... ... ... 94 لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ : ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... ... ... 97 1 -ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ... ... 97 2 -ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺡﺎﻴﺘﺭﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ... ... 98 3 ﻡﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺽﻴﻭﻌﺘ ... ... 100 ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ... ... ... 100 ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻬﻤﺘ ﺩﻴ ... ... ... 102 1 -ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﺭﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ... ... 103 2 -ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ لﻤﻋ ... ... 107 3 -ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ لﻤﻋ ... ... 108 ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ... ... ... 109 ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ... ... ... 111 ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ ... ... ... 113 ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ... ... ... ... .... 115 -119 ﻕﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ

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لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ 01 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ 52 02 ﺔﻨﺴﻝ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ 2004 -2005 58 03 ﺔﻨﺴﻝ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﻠﺒﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﻭﺩ 1990 65 04 ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 69 05 ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 70 06 ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 71 07 ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﺴ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 71 08 ﻉﻭﻨ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻥﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤ 72 09 ﻥﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 73 10 ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 74 11 ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ 74 12 ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 75 13 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺝﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ 76 14 ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 77 15 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 77 16 ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 80 17 ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻘﻠﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 81 18 ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻨﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ 82 19 ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 83 20 ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﻤﺒ ﺝﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 86 21 ﺭﻴﺼﻘﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻌﺸﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 90 22 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻓﻭﺘ 87 23 لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 88 24 ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻭﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 91 25 ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻷﺍ لﻘﻨﺘ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 92 26 ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 92 27 لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﺍﺭ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 93 28 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻨﺘ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 94

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29 ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 97 30 ﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺡﺎﻴﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻊﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ 98 31 لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻰﻀﺭ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ 98 32 ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺃ ﺎﻫﺎﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ 99 33 ﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺽﻴﻭﻌﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻡ 99 34 ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﺭﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 102 35 ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﺭﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 103 36 ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺡﺎﻴﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 105 37 ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 105 38 ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ 106 39 ﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔ 107 40 ﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤﺒ ﺔﺠ 108 41 ﻡﻷﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻀﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 109

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ

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ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺓﺭﺸﺘﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﻥﺇ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ لﺘﺤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻠﺼﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﺒﻭ ﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺜﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺜﻜ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻁﻀﻤ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ . ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺎﻋﺭﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺀﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤ ﻲﺒﻠﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺯ ﻥﻭﺅﺸ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﻓ ﻑﻴﻅﻨﺘ ،لﻴﺴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭ لﻜﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺅﺸ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻭ ﻲﻬﻁﻭ ... ﻴﺒ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺦﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﺘ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻁﺴﻭ ﻲﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ . ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻬﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻌﺴ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﺭﺎﻀﺘ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝ ﺩﻴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺀﺍﺭ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺒﻋﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻷﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺹﺨﻷﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺸﻔﺘﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻴ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺃ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﺤﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺤﻭﻤﻁﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜﺴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺎﻀﻭﻓﺭﻤ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻥﻴﻜﺴﻤﺘﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻅﻔﺤﺘﻤ ﺩﺠ ﺍ ﺙﻭﻜﻤﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺯﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ .

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ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

:

~ 2 ~ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻭﻝﻭ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ لﺜﻤ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤ ﻙ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺍﺯﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﻤﺴﻗ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺽﻭﺭﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ لﻭﺼﻓ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺤﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ : ،ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ،ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ،ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ : ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺒﺭﻋﻭ ﺎﻴﻝﻭﺩ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻼﻝ ﺎﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺩﺃ . ،ﺎﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻸﻝ ﺔﺠﻭﺩﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻗﺭﻁﺘﻓ ،ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻷﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡ . ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ : ﻊﻀﻭﻭ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻼﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻓ ﺕﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ : لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺱﻤﺎﺨ لﺼﻔﺒ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺤﺘﺘﻓﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﻩﺎﻨﺼﺼﺨﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ،ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ . ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ : ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺠﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻯﺩﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ . ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍﻭ : ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﻭﺭﻬﻜ ﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺝﻭﺩﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ .

(11)

~ 3 ~ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍﻭ : ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﻍﺭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺜ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻭﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺄﺒ ﺀﺎﻨﺘﻋﻻ . ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍﻭ : ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﻨﻗ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻰﻀﺭ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ﺹﺼﺨ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺭﻭﺩ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺭﺨﻝ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺜ ،ﻕﻓﺍ ،ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻺﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ .

(12)

لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ

:

ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ

ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ

(13)

لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

لﻭﻷﺍ

:

ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ

1 -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ

2 -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ

3 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ

4 -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ

5 -ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ

6 -ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ

7 -ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ

8 -ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ

9 -ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

10 -ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ

(14)

ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ

~ 6 ~

1 -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ

:

،ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ لﻜﻜ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﺘ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ : * ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ : − ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻹ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ . − ﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻪﺜﺤﺒﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻴ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ . − ﻭ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺃ ﻲﻨﺃ ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺱﺭﺩﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴ ﻥﺌﻤﻁﻤ ﻁﺴﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ لﻬﺴﻴ . * ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ : − ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﻨ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ . − ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﻜﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺨﺸﻜ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻝ . − ﺀﺎﻘﻝﺇ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺞﺘﻨﻤ ﻱﺭﺸﺒ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻜ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ .

2 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ

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ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ : ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺃﺯﺠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻜ ،ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺄﻜ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ لﻤﺤﺘﺘ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺯﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ . -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻴﻔﺘ .

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~ 7 ~ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺤﺘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺕﻤﺠﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻡﻷﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺠﻼﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺘ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻝ ﻲﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﻜﻌﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻔﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺎﻫﺫﺨﺃﻭ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ لﻔﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ : ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻨﺴﺘﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻝ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻬﻝ ﻰ ﻠ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻫﺭﺴﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻬﻝﺎﻤﻋﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘ ﺏﺠﻴ .

3 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ

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ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻏ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻻ : -ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ . -لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻠﻝ ﻡﻷﺎﺒ ﺕﻌﻓﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ . -ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ . -لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ . -ﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺴ ﺎ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ . -ﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﺨ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺭ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ .

4 -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ

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" ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺤﺎﺘﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ لﺠﺭﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻭﺎﺴﻤ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﺠﺭﻴﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ " ) 1 ( ، " ﺩﻗﻭ 1 ،ﻲﻝﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ، ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ، 2008 ﺹ ، 304 .

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ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

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ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ

~ 8 ~ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﺕﺼﺭﺤ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤ ﻩﺭﻗﺃ 1945 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻪﻨﻤﻀﺘﻭ " 1948 ) 1 ( . " لﻤﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﻻﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻭﺅﺸ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻲﻔﻜﻴﻓ ،لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻠﻤﺤﺘ ﻭﻝ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﺎﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻤﺃ ﻉﻼﻁﻀﺍ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﺒ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ " ) 2 ( . ،لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﺤﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻴ ... ﺒ ﺩﻘﻓ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺱﻜﻌ ﻲﺒﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺎﻴﺤ ،ﺭﺎﺨﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ،ﻲﺤﻼﻔﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ... ، لﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﺔﻝﺎﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ . ﻬﺘﻀﺭﻓ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺎ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﺜﻤ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﻩﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ . ﻡﻷﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺩﻨﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻔﻓ ، ﻥﻭﻜ ،ﺎﻬﻀﺭﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻭ ، ﻜ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝ لﻴﻬﺴﺘﻭ ﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺎﻅﺤ ﺭﻓﻭﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺓﺩﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻓ ،ﺓﺩﺘﻤﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻭﻨ ﺓﺭﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻁﺃ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﻡﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔ ﻪﺘﺨﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺏﻫﺫﺘﻭ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﺔﻘﺜ ﻭﺫ ﺹﺨﺸﻭ ﻥﻤﺁ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﺔﻴﻭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﺤﺎﺘﺭﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻭﻋ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒﺄﺒ . 1 ،ﻥﺍﺭﻤﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺇ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫ ﻁ، 1 ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ، ، 2005 ﺹ ، 25 . 2 ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺴ 304 .

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~ 9 ~ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﺄﺠﻠﺘ ﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝ "ﻓ ﻥﺄﺠﻠﻴ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻥﺈ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ لﺎﺴﺭﺇﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻗﺩﺒ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ " ) 1 ( . ﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺇ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻌﺴﺃ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺇ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﻜ ﺩ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨ ﻹﺍ ﻡﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻭ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺓﺭﺴﻸﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ لﺜﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷ : ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﻭﻬﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻌﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻗﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻝ ﺩﻝﻭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻴﺩ ﻬ ﻡ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻷﺎﺒ ﺍﺭﻭﻌﺸ . ﺤﻭ ﺹﺭ ﻋﻭﻨ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ لﻜ ﺭﻴﺨﺴﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻨﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺯ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺎﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻁﻭﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺎﻐﺸﻨﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﺎﻬﻝ لﻬﺴﺘ ﻡﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ، ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﻌﻨﺘﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ﺕﺎﺠﻭﺯﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺠﻭﺯﺘﻤ ﻥﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ، ﻴﻭﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺠﻨﻭ ﺱﻜﻋ ﺓﺭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺩﻨﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻀﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ . لﻌﺠﺘ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﻴ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻡﻷﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻜﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺵﻴﻌﺘ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘ ﻭ ﺇﻭ ،ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨ ﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎ : 1 . ﻑﻴﻜ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻓﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ 2 . ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻭﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﻥﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ لﻫ ﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺩﻋ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ 3 . ﺭﻓﻭﺘ لﻫ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺴﻴ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺩﻋﺎ ؟ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ 1 -ﺹ، ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 304

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ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

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ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ

~ 10 ~ 4 . ﺎﻀﺭﻝ لﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ؟ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ

5 -ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ

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1 . ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ . 2 . ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻭﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺴﻴ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ . 3 . ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ . 4 . ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ .

6 -ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ

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ﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ،ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ : 6 -1 ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ : ﺔﻐﻝ : ﱠﻕﹶﻓﻭ : ﷲﺍ ﻪﻘﻓﻭ ،ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭ ﻪﻠﻌﺠ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ : ﺢﻠﺼﺃ ،ﻡﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪﻤﻬﻝﺃ ،ﺭﻴﺨﻠﻝ ﷲﺍ ﻩﺩﺩﺴ ) 1 ( . ﹾﻕﻴﻓﻭﹶﺘ : ﻕﻓﻭ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ " : ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ " ﻥﻴﻋﺯﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﺹﺎﻗ ﺩﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ " ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ " " ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ " ﻥﻴﺘﻋﺯﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ " ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ، ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ " ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ " ) 2 ( . ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ " : ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ لﻴﻬﺴﺘﻭ ﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﺩﺴ " ) 3 ( . ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ " : لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﺇﻭ ﻲﻌﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻭﻫ " ﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻕﻴ " ) 4 ( . 1 -ﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺭﻓﺇ ﺩﺍﺅﻓ ﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﺘﺴ ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨﻤ ، ، ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ،ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ 1974 ﺹ ، 931 . 2 -ﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻠ ﻴﻭﻐ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ، ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ، ،ﺱﻭﺭﻻ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 1989 ﺹ ، 1323 . 3 -ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺠﻤ ﻁ ، 5 ،لﻤﺭﺸ ﻲﻨﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ، ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ 2001 ﺹ ، 1093 . 4 ﻗ ،ﺔﻨﻴﺴﺤ ﻲﺸ " ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﻠﻝ " ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ، ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ 2007 ﺹ ، 12 .

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~ 11 ~ ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ : ﺭﺩﻗ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻨﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻹﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺍﺭﺼﻭ ﺩﺠﺒ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺩﺄﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﺃ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ . ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﺒ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ لﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺴ لﻼﺨ . 6 -2 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ : ﺔﻐﻝ : " ﺩﺼﻘﺒ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺴﺠ لﻌﻓ لﻜ ،لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻊﻤﺠ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ " : ﻱﻭﺩﻴﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ " ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﺠﺃ ﺀﺎﻘﻝ لﻐﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﺤﻝﺍ " ) 1 ( . ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : " ﻹﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒ ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﻝﺫﺒﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺝﺯﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻹﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﻀﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ " ) 2 ( . ﻲﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻭﺃ ﺕﻓﺭﻋﻭ : » ﺎﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ " ) 3 ( . ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ : ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻌﻨﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻜ ،ﻑﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺠﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ،ﺱﺒﻼﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﺀﺎﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﻐﻝﺍ 1 -ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺠﻤ ﺹ ، 669 . 2 ،ﻲﻤﻴﺴﺎﻗ ﺭﺼﺎﻨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ لﻴﻝﺩ ﻁ ، 1 ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ، ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ 2011 ، ﺹ 95 . 3 ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺴ ،ﺏﺎﺸﺨﻝﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴ ﻁ، 1 ﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ، ﺵ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴ .ﻡ . ،ﻡ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ 2008 ﺹ ، 221 .

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ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

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ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ

~ 12 ~ ﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺯﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫ ﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺨ لﻤﺤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺇ لﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴ . ﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺃ ﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺯﺘﻝﺇ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻲﺠﺭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭ ﻴ لﻤﻋ ﺏﺼﻨﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﻜ ﻕﻭﻔﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﻗﻭﺒ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﻊﻀﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺠﺎﺤ ﻪﺒ ﻲﺒﻠﺘ ﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺍﺭﺠﺃ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻰﻀﺎﻘﺘﺘ ،ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺴ . 6 -3 ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ : ﺔﻐﻝ : ﻡﻷﺍ " ﺕﺎﻤﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﺃ ﻊﻤﺠ : ﻝﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩ " ) 1 ( . ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : ﻤﺎﻜ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻴ ﺔﻠﻐﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺎﻴﻠ " ﻲﻫ لﺼﺤﺘﻭ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﻤ ﺭﺠﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ " ) 2 ( ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻡﺎﻬﻤ ﺓﺩﻌﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤﻓ ، : لﺯﻏ ،لﻴﺴﻐﻝﺍ ،ﻑﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻤ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻀﻔﺒﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻱﺩﺎ ﻱﺩﺎﻤ ﺭﺠﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻰﻀﺎﻘﺘﺘ ،ﺎﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻋ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻠﻝ . " ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ لﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻊﻤ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻨ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ لﺎﻔﻁﻸﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺭﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﻝﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺠﻝﺎﻜ ﺏﺭﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﺠ ﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺄﺠﻠﺘ ﺓﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺎﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ " ) 3 ( . ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ : ﺩﺼﻘﻨﻭ ﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ لﻤﺤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺍ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻷﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ،لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻴ ﺇ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻓﺭﻠﻝ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ،ﺎﻤ ﺭﺠﺃ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺴﻷ ﺇ لﻼﻘﺘﺴ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺯ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ . 1 ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺠﻤ 35 . 2 ،ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴ ، ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ 1984 ﺹ ، 110 . 3 ،ﻡﻴﻨﻏ ﺩﺎﺸﺭ ﻲﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻁ ، 1 ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 2008 ﺹ ، 181 .

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~ 13 ~ 6 -4 ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ : ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻸﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻀﻴﺭﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ،ﺱﺒﻼﻤﻝﺍ لﺴﻏ ،ﺦﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻋﺈﺒ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻭﻋ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻫﺭﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻁﺄﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﺒﻠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻜﺫﺘﻭ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺌﺍﺭﺸ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻊﻤ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴﻭ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ . 6 -5 ﻷﺍﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺴ : ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺇ : ﻥﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ " ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻌﻠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻻﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ، " ) 1 ( . ﻥﺄﺒ ﻯﺭﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺤﺎﻁ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻲﻝﺩﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ " ﻥﻴﺘﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ : ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ لﻭﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﺼﺘﻝ . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ : ﺭﺎﺸﻺﻝﺍﻭﺃ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻠﻝ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ، ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻀﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺩﻗ " ) 2 ( . ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤ ،لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍﻭ ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺘﻓﺎﻴﻀ ﻡﺍﺭﻜﺈﺒ ،ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺏﺭﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺦﺒﻁ ،لﻴﺴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺒﺩﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ... ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻗﺩﺒ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ، لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ . -، ه أ ا ك ا -، تارا ء  ، را ا راا، نو 2003 ص، 265 1 - أ ، ن ةأا ق : !"## و !%د ت#ارد ، ر!ا، " ا #، نو، 2000 ص، 109 . 2

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ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

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ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ

~ 14 ~ 6 -6 ﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻭﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠ : ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : لﺜﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻵﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻫ : ،ﻲﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻓ ،ﺔﻝﺎﺴﻐﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺠﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻨﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ، ... ﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﻸﻝ لﻬﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻯﺭ ﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﻭﻭ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺭ . 6 -7 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ : ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺇ : " ﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻹﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻓﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻀﻋ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ) 1 ( ". ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﻜﺅﻴﻭ " : ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻭﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺫﺨﺄﺒ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺇ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﻭﻀﻋ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ لﻔﻁﻝﺍ " ) 2 ( . ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻫ ﻹﺎﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻕﻓﻭ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺎﺒ لﺜﻤ : ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻭﺨﺩ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺴ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ : ،ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻗ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻨ ،لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﺔﻀﻭﺭ ،ﺔﻨﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ... ﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ لﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻁﺒﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻡﻬﻤﻠﻌﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻴﻝ ﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺨ . 1 -ﺃ ﺭﻴﻬﺴ ،ﺽﻭﻌﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻤﺤ ﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ، ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠ ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ،ﺀﺎﺴﺤﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ 2009 ، ﺹ 35 . 2 -،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺹ 35 .

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~ 15 ~ 6 -8 ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ : ﺔﻐﻝ : -ﻲﻀﺭ : " ﻰﻀﺭﻴ ﻪﻠﻌﺠ ،ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﺘ ،ﺽﺭ ،ﻲﻀﺭﻴ " ) 1 ( . ﻰﻀﺭﻝﺍ : " ،ﺡﺎﻴﺘﺭﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺒﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻜﻻﺍ » ﻰﻀﺭ ﻥﻋ « ﺭﻁﺎﺨ ﺔﺒﻴﻁﺒ " ) 2 ( . ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ : " ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻴﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺭﻐﺘﺴﺘ ﺎﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻓ ،ﻪﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﻪﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺒﻏﺭﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺤﻭﻤﻁ لﻼﺨ ﻹﺍ ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺫﺌﻨﻴﺤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ " ) 3 ( . ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻜ : " ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﺇ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ) لﻤﻋ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ( ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ لﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ) ﻪﺴﻔﻨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ( ﻥﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﻏﺭﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﺤﻭﻤﻁﻝ ﺎﻘﻘﺤﻤﻭ ﺭﻤﺫﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻼﺒﻘﻤ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﺒﻏﺍﺭ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻴﻀﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻪﺘﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ ﻕﻭﻔﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺎﺒﺴﺎﻨﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﻴﻤﻭ " ) 4 ( . ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ : ﻨ ﻡﻷﺍ لﻭﺒﻗ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻌ ﻭﺃ ﻙﺭﺩﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻴﺴﻔﻨﻭ ﺎﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻀﻭﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺎ ﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻘﺤ ﺭﻭﺩ لﻜ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ لﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ، 1 -ﻲﺌﺎﺒﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤ ، ﺏﻼﻁﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، ﻁ 5 ، ﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ، ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ، 1984 ، ﺹ 390 . 2 -ﻱﺩﺠﺒﻷﺍ ﺩﺠﻨﻤﻝﺍ ، ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ) ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻝﻭﺜﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ (، ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ 1967 ، ﺹ 487 . 3 -ﻤﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻴ ﻥﺒ ﻲﻠﻋ ،ﻱﺭ " ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ " ، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻠﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ 2002 ﺹ ، 9 . 4 ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 9 .

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ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

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ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ

~ 16 ~ ﺴ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺴﺄﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭ ﻻﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻌﺸ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨﻭ ﺡﺎﻴﺘﺭ ﺇ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺕﺎﺤﻭﻤﻁ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺨﺘﻓ .

7 -ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ

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ﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﻡﻫ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ ﻥﺤﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﺎﻨﻝ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻪﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻡﺌﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ . 7 -1 ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ : " ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻘﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ " ) 1 ( . ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ " ﻱﺭﺠﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺍﺩﺅﻤ لﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﺤﻨﻴ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻤﺴﻴﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺩﺼﻘﺒ ﻡﻬﻠﻜ ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺠﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺠﺘﺴ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ " ) 2 ( . ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ  ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻠﻤﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ " ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ ﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻠﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻕﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺎﻴﻤﻜ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﻴ 1 ،ﺵﻭﺤﻭﺒ ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻁ ، 4 ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ، 2007 ، ﺹ 139 . 2 ،ﻕﻴﻔﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻹ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ، 2001 ، ﺹ 87 .