• Aucun résultat trouvé

Parametric Gaussianization procedure of wavelet coefficients for texture retrieval

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Parametric Gaussianization procedure of wavelet coefficients for texture retrieval"

Copied!
5
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-00727106

https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00727106

Submitted on 14 Sep 2012

HAL

is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire

HAL, est

destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Parametric Gaussianization procedure of wavelet coefficients for texture retrieval

Nour-Eddine Lasmar, Youssef Stitou, Soufiane Jouini, Yannick Berthoumieu, Mohamed Najim

To cite this version:

Nour-Eddine Lasmar, Youssef Stitou, Soufiane Jouini, Yannick Berthoumieu, Mohamed Najim. Para- metric Gaussianization procedure of wavelet coefficients for texture retrieval. IEEE ICASSP - In- ternational Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2008, Las Vegas, United States.

pp.749-752, �10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4517718�. �hal-00727106�

(2)

12324563789A2BCC72D7E267FD913F85B359F9 9255698F57875D6C9F39656B35935637529

1

23456778961ABCDBEF13461CF1C3489612F19981E DF1D3!"6712BD1

1

DC#1$%&1AB'C1#1DE1()*+1,2ECF12CE1#198-658&.135764/1*F105961

11BA1,C01B-69461A558141234*+1'4F105961

"8516195"574#135764/*85F13489689348987&3&583"1

:;3468&8&34F1;9988165&!34"864F1"3!"678998"<75%88"#135764/851F1 1

1

2C632869 1

91 &!81 %%65F1 =61 7651 =8&!1 &!61 %53156"1 31 6&4561 6/&5&8391 891 39&69&#1671 8">61 56&586-51 ,E1 489>1

&&8&851%%53!81B1?4898@&8391%536745611671391

%5"6&581 7698&;1 4"%&8391 31 &6651561 %;5"871 368869&181%53%36781!616/&5&8391"6&!371316&4561 8954789>1 &!61 ?4898@&8391 &6%1 553=1 41 &31 58"8&1 &!61 35765131&!61&&8&851"376514671&31!5&658@61&!618">61

&6/&45681 !61 %6535"961 31 &!61 %53%3671 "6&!371 561 95;@671 391 1 7&161 31 &6/&4561 8">61 971 3"%5671

=8&!1&!61%6535"961313&!651&6/&45616&4561%53%3671891

%56-8341=35811

123456 7489AB9">61 &6/&4561 95;8F1 935"&8391 56&586-5F1 C&6651561 %;5"87F1 ?696558@671 ?4891 78&5814&839F1?4898@&8391%536745611

97D63FB867FD9

31 8"%53-61 &!61 "9>6"69&1 31 55>61 78>8&51 8">61 7&16F1 8&1 81 9665;1 &31 76-653%1 66&8-61 971 %56861

"6&!371&317658161&!61-84518935"&83981!661"6&!371 34571 161 4671 891 "!8961 -88391 351 891 8">61 %53689>1

%%58&8391 489>1 6>"69&&8391 351 588&8391 ;&6"81 B1 39&69&#1671 8">61 56&586-51 ,E1 ;&6"1 81 1 48&1561 6/"%561 31 &!661 ;&6"1 76589>1 =8&!1 -8451 8935"&8391 &31 4&3"&855;1 56&586-61 5656-9&1 8">61 8"8551 &31 1 >8-691 A465;1 8">681 $658-671 6&4561 561 3"%4&67F1 9"65;1 -8451 6&4561 B0F1 53"1 &!61 A465;1 8">61971148&15618"8558&;1 "64561CD18958@61&!61 76898&839131&!61,E1;&6"810351551&!661;&6"1489>1 -8451 39&69&F1 B01 351 8">61 8>9&4561 561 3"%3671 31 53=#56-651 8">61 &&5814&61 4!1 1 3535F1 &6/&456F1 !%61 351 5;34&81

0351 &!61 5&1 6=1 ;65F1 94"65341 =351 !-61 16691 7678&671 &31 3961 31 &!61 "3&1 8"%35&9&1 -8451 4661 &!61

&6/&45681 !61 &6/&4561 !1 16691 4196&1 31 89&6961 &47;1 16461 &!81 -8451 3"%3969&1 81 %%58&839#76%6979&81

!61&6/&456191161&!615645&131%!;8514561%53%65&861 351 5656&961 66&1 !3=89>1 %5&84551 %&851

!5&658&814!11534>!96135135869&671&597811 C!691 76589>1 =8&!1 &&8&851 &6/&4561 "376589>F1 "9;1 4&!351%53%3671&31"6146139-69&83955;131"45&835869#1

1 1

&&8391 971 "45&8561 85&65#191 4!1 1 5651 351 3"%56/1

=-656&1D*EF1D)EF1DFEF1D3E81!81763"%38&8391%&4561&!61 7856&83958&;F1 &!61 &54&456796F1 971 356961 31 1

&6/&45681!61%53156"1=!8!13553=181&31656&11=!35616&1 31 &&8&851 6&4561 53"1 &!61 368869&1 31&89671 =8&!1

&!6185&65#1981'56-8341=351891D)EF1D(EF1D2E1%53%3671&31

"37651 &!61 &6/&4561 =8&!1 85&1 971 6397#357651 &&8&881 C34=651 231 4561 DGEF1 $31 971 B6&&65581 D+E1 6"%53;671

>696558@671 ?4891 7698&;1 ??$1 49&8391 1

%5"6&581"376581&!6514&!351891DHEF1D*4EF1D**E1%%586711 41#?4891 "37651 351 9389&1 971 "5>8951 &&8&881 91

&!6851 =35F1 @>581 231 4561 DHEF1 3553=89>1 &!61 41#

?48917698&;1"3765F1%53%3611?4898@&8391%5361 971 5>461 &!61 89&656&1 31 &!81 &6%1 &31 895661 &!61

%6535"961891,E15"6=3581911639715&8561D*4EF1

&!61 "61 4&!351 93&61 &!61 !8>!1 3"%4&&83951 3"%56/8&;1 31 &!61 ?4898@&8391 %53661 %99671 1;1 &!61 41#

?4891"37658191D*)E1'35&8551971C8"396558176-653%671 1 &&8&851 "37651 351 &6/&4561 8">61 489>1 1 &6651561

%;5"87156%5669&&83981!6;1461&!6134&%4&13185&651191

&31 768961 3451 &&8&851 39&589&1 1 &6/&4561 6&45661

"5>8951 &&8&8F1 368869&1 35565&839F1 ">98&4761 35565&8391 971 53#561 %!61 &&8&881 !661 6&4561 91 161 4671 351 &6/&4561 56&586-51 351 ;9&!681 14&1 &!61 656&839131&!6163971357651&&8&8146718193&194&886781

91 &!81 %%65F1 =61 341 391 &!61 69!96"69&1 31 &!61 A458&;1 31 &!61 B01 4671 351 ,E1 ;&6"81 C61 %53%361 &31 8"%56"69&1 1 %5"6&581 ?4898@&8391 &6%1 891 &!61

%53674561 31 B01 6/&5&8391 1671 391 ??$1 "376581 !81 8"1&1489>1395;1&!6163971357651&&8&81&31!5&658@61

&!61 8">61 &6/&45681 !61 A458&;1 31 31&89671 B01 =8551 161 6-54&671 &89>1 89&31 349&1 &!61 !5&658@&8391 58&6581 4671891,E1;&6"6172845519719728ABACD61

!61 %%651 81 35>98@671 1 3553=81 !61 96/&1 6&8391

%53-8761&!61%53%36716&45616/&5&8391"6&!371351,E1

;&6"81 !61 95;&851 ?4898@&8391 %53674561 ?'1 81 7846713553=6711;117658%&839131&!61%53%3671&6/&4561 6&45681 91 6&8391 FF1 6/%658"69&51 5645&1 561 >8-691 &31 6-54&61&!6156&586-51%6535"9681

(3)

912324563789656B359356375292C59 FD925569CB2D98F57875D6C9

!61 ;&6"1 78>5"1 351 3451 6&4561 6/&5&8391 "6&!371 81 !3=91 891 08>8*81 &1 81 1671 391 &6651561 %;5"871 56%5669&&8391 D3EF1 D*)EF1 =!8!1 398&1 &31 56458-65;1 763"%361 91 8">61 89&31 1 6&1 31 35869&671 971 5671 41197F1 3553=671 1;1 &!5661 "891 &>681 085&F1 =61

%%53/8"&61 &!61 "5>8951 7698&;1 31 =-656&1 411971 368869&F1 891 -58341 56F1 1;1 >696558@671 >4891 7698&;81!6146131&!61"85;131??$F119145&61&3351 351 "376589>1 &!61 !6-;#&85671 16!-8351 31 &6651561

%;5"871 368869&1 !1 16691 94&88671 1;1 $31 971 B6&&65581 891 D+E81 C6397F1 =61 %%5;1 1 ?'1 31 &!61 =-656&1 368869&1 489>1 &!61 6&8"&89>1 "37651 %5"6&651 489>1 D/8"4"1 A8658!3371 6&8"&3581 !81 %53674561 =8551 161 6/"89671 891 6&8391)8*8108955;F1=616&8"&61&!6163971357651&&8&81 31&!61?4898@671=-656&1368869&1116&1316&4561 8>9&45681 !4F1 &!81 &6%1 553=1 41 &31 &61 89&31 &!61 349&1&!6189&6576%6976986116&=6691=-656&1368869&1

&1 786569&1 35869&&8391 411971 971 5681 !61 63971 357651&&8&8139&8&4&89>1&!616&4561-6&35156176581671 8916&8391)8)81

6/&456 C&665156 ,368869&

?4898@&839

'5367456 C8>9&456

??$1'5"6&65

6/&456 C&665156 ,368869&

?4898@&839

'5367456 C8>9&456

??$1'5"6&65

1 08>8*81C;&6"178>5"131&!6195;81"6&!371

1

91 &!61 3553=89>1 6&839F1 &!61 %5898%561 31 &!61 4671 ?'1 81 765816781

9A !9"#!$%&#%99

A6&1 E1 161 1 5973"1 -581561 =8&!1 %5311858&;1 7698&;1 49&8391 F

( )

8 19714"45&8-617698&;149&8391,$0193&671

8

81 ,3987651 &!61 ,$01 49&8391 Φ

( )

8 1 31 935"51 78&5814&8391Ν

( )

F 81&18193=1&!&1&!615973"1-5815611

>8-691891*1!-611935"5178&5814&8391

1 =Φ

[ ( )

E

]

1 1 1 1 1*11

91 &!61 %5&84551 61 31 ??$1 D+EF1 &!61 %5311858&;1 7698&;1 49&8391 F

( )

8 1817689671=8&!1&=31%5"6&651α 1971β 11 3553=1

1

( )

( )

( α)β

β

α αΓ β

β

2

F F = 1 1 )1

=!6561Γ

( )

8 1 81 &!61441 FD83ACD1 7689671 351 >41 1;1

&!613553=89>16A4&83961

1

( )

=1

33 3 2

Γ 1 1 1 F1

89>1 6A4&8391 )F1 =61 !3=1 &!&1 &!61 4"45&8-61 7698&;1 49&839131??$1!1&!613553=89>1536716/%5683961

1

( )

22 3 4 55

6 7

88 9 A BB

C

D 8

9 B A C + D

= γ α β

β β

α

F F 1 1 31

=!6561γ

( )

8F8

1

81&!61AD8C952321441FD83ACD1D*FEF1=!8!1 81768967111

1

( )

( )

1

=

33 3 2

Γ

γ F 1 1 1 (1

B1 1 5645&F1 &!61 ?4898@&8391 %53674561 =1 558671 34&1 1;1 6"%53;89>1 31 971 (1 891 *81 B91 8554&5&8391 31

?4898@&839181>8-6918916&8391F81

9% #%9%' #$ !9&9()# *9(%#%9

0351 1 >8-691 &6/&4561 8">61 1 763"%3671 891 B81 561 971 C71 35869&&839F1 =61 7693&61 1;1 5F1 &!61 368869&13556%39789>1&31&!61411971&15&!1561971

&!1 35869&&83981 0351 551 51 =61 =58&61

( )

5 5

=E6 1 971

( )

5 5

=" 1&3156651&31&!6156519718">895;1%5&1315F1 56%6&8-65;81B&651&!61?'1316!1411971368869&1&!61 6&4561 6/&5&8391 81 558671 34&1 489>1 395;1 &!61 3553=89>1 63971357651&&8&861

# A5F

61

4&335565&8391 "%561 31 &!61 5651 %5&1 31 368869&1&16!1411971

1 ( ) ( )

(

!

)

5 5 5

AF DF = AF A+D F + 11 1 21

=!6561

"

4+ 1 8978&61 &!61 4"1 3141 971"1 "374531 F1 1 7693&61 &!61 6&8"&671 "691 31 1 F1 971

(

!F

)

1 56%5669&1&!618@6131581

# 53#35565&8391 31 6!1 5651 %5&1 411971 =8&!1 3&!651 35869&&8391&1&!61"61561

1 F FD5FD

5 5

=

ρ 1 1 1 G1

# 53#35565&839131&!615651%5&131368869&1=8&!1&!61 5651%5&131368869&1&1551411971&1&!6196/&1561 1 ρ5FF5+=5DF5A+DF1 1 1 +1

# 53#35565&839131&!615651%5&131368869&1=8&!1&!61 8">895;1%5&131368869&1&1551411971&1&!6196/&1 561

1 IF F F

F D A5D

5 5 5

+ +=

ρ 1 1 1 H1

B551&!661 &&8&81 =855116139&69&671&3131&89116&4561 -6&351 F

( )

81 C61 93&61 &!&1 81 =61 461 1 4%%35&1 31 &!61 4&335565&8391 31 569>&!14F1 &!61 94"1651 31 &!61 6/&5&671 6&4561&31!5&658@61918">6181>8-6911;1

1

(

)

F C7

C7

# C7 4

B8

8 8 + + − 8

= 1*41

91357651&3176&65"89618"8558&;116&=6691&=318">61891

&!617&16F1=61461&!61A)1458769178&96116&=6691&!61 6&4561-6&35F1%56676711;11!3"3>698@&8391&6%1&311589>1 11 551 -5461 16&=6691 41 971 *81 /%588&5;F1 >8-691 1 6&4561 -6&351 1

[

FF1FFAF1FF

]

1 31 &!61 8">61F1 8&1 3"%3969&1561!3"3>698@67113553=61

*

* *

"89

"/ "89

A A $

A

A $ A $

F F

%C F F F

≤ ≤

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤

= −

1 **1

=!6561$181&!618@6131&!617&16811

(4)

+95153745D62935CB6C9

91 &!81 6&839F1 &=31 8971 31 6/%658"69&1 5645&1 561

%53-876781 91 &!61 85&1 396F1 &!61 ?'1 81 &4786781 !61 63971

>8-61916-54&839131&!61%53%3671B01891&!615"6=35131

&6/&456156&586-5811

&1 2927A2D3B61 B1 8554&5&8391 31 &!61 ?4898@&8391

%5367456F1 =61 >6965&61 "%561 3165-&8391 53"1

>696558@671 ?4891 ??1 %3%45&8391 !-89>1 &!61 3553=89>1%5"6&6561

(

αFβ

) (

= 48(F48G

)

81!61!8&3>5"131 3165-&8391 81 !3=91 891 08>8)#81 !61 %53&1 891 8>4561 )#11

!3=1&!61935"51A#A1%53&131&!61 >6965&671 "%561&31 >6&1 3"61 8761 391 &!61 &5>>589>1 134&1 &!61 589681 B&651 &!61

?4898@&8391 %5367456F1 &!61 3556%39789>1 !8&3>5"1 971935"51A#A1%53&131&5935"6713165-&8391561!3=91 89108>8F81053"1&!661 8>456F1 =613165-61&!&1&!61 "3&1A#A1

%53&1 %389&1 7!6561 &31 &!61 &5>6&1 &58>!&1 589681 !4F1 &!61 78&5814&8391 31 &5935"671 3165-&8391 =65;1 76-8&61 53"1

( )

4F* 81

1

1 1 1 11

08>81)81 8&3>5"1971A#A1%53&131??13165-&83911 1

1 1

08>8F81 8&3>5"1971235"51A#A1%53&131&!61

&5935"6713165-&8391 '()12*4543ACD+1

!61 %53%3671 56&586-51 !6"61 81 %%58671 391 1 6&1 31

&6/&4561 8">61 31&89671 53"1 &!61 D1 B88391 6/&4561 B86/17&161D*3E81053"16!131&!661&6/&45618">61 318@61(*)/(*)1%8/65F1*21418">6131*)+/*)+1%8/651561 56&6781 B1 &6&1 7&161 31 2341 &6/&4561 8">61 81 &!41 31&89678191&!6156&586-51&>611A465;18">61819;1396131

&!6618">61891&!617&1681!615656-9&18">613516!1 A465;1 561 &!61 3&!651 *(1 8">61 31&89671 53"1 &!61 "61 358>8951(*)/(*)18">6811

31 6-54&61 &!61 %6535"961 31 &!61 %53%3671 "6&!371

=61 4671 1 39-69&83951 58&658391 53"1 &!61 8935"&8391 56&586-515"6=35F1&!617284551971&!619728ABACD+1

1 D"27 CF 7252*4D3 7237A2*2 A4,2B 728455

D"27 CF 7252*4D3 A4,2B

= 1

1 D"27 CF 7252*4D3 7237A2*2 A4,2B 9728ABACD

D"27 CF 7237A2*2 A4,2B

= 1

085&1 =61 !3=1 &!61 8"%&1 31 &!61 ?'1 1;1 3"%589>1 &!61

%6535"961 31 56&586-89>1 16&=6691 &!61 6&4561 31&89671

&651 ?'1 971 &!61 "61 6&4561 =8&!34&1 ?'81 !61 5655#

%568839145-61%5669&67189108>831!3=1&!618"%53-6"69&1 31&896711;1&!61?'1&6%81

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Recall

Precision

"Gaussianized" subbands

"No Gaussianized" subbands

1 08>81389E655#'568839145-61!3=89>1&!618"%&131&!61

?'1=8&!1B8=1971C7=-81

C6397F1=613"%561&!61%6535"961313451"6&!371=8&!1

&!36131&896711;1&!613553=89>1"6&!3761

#1!61=-656&#1671&6/&456156&586-51"6&!37131$3#B6&&65581

=!8!1 461 1 ??$1 "37651 =8&!1 &!61 J4551#A6815651

$8&961??$KJA$1D+E1

#1 !61 '35&855#C8"3965581 "6&!371 =!8!1 461 1 %5"6&581

"37651 1671 391 9389&1 &&8&81 31 &6651561 %;5"871 368869&1D*)E81

91 &!81 &47;F1 &!61 "6&!371 31 $3#B6&&65581 81 &6&671 489>1

$416!86L185&651=8&!131763"%38&839156-6581 3=6-65F1

&!61 &=31 3&!651 "6&!371 561 &6&671 489>1 )1 561 971 F1 35869&&83981 1561 *1 %53-8761 1 3"%58391 31 -65>61 56&586-5145;131&!61&!5661"6&!3781053"1&!81&1561=61 3165-61 &!&1 &!61 %53%3671 "6&!371 !1 134&1 2M1 8"%53-671 56&586-51 5&61 &!91 $3#B6&&65581 "6&!3781 !61 >3371

%6535"961 31 &!61 %53%3671 "6&!371 561 531 56-65671 489>1&!615655#%568839158&6583911!3=9189108>8(81 1

1 ??$KJA$1 '53%3671

"6&!371

'35&855#

C8"3965581 B-65>61

56&586-515&61 M1

GF8)2*G1 ,-.+/9 G28*4F(1

24"165131

%5"6&651 )31 *+41 )GG1

1561*61B-65>6156&586-515&61M13"%58391

(5)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Recall

Precision

The proposed method Portilla-Simoncelli Do-Vetterli

1

08>81(61E655#'568839145-613"%583981 1

045&!65"356F1=615313165-61&!&1&!61%53%3671"6&!371 39-65>61 &651 &!91 &!61 &=31 3&!6581 053"1 08>82F1 =61 !3=1 3516/"%561 =6156&586-61H*8+2M131&!615656-9&18">61391 39876589>1 C7=.1 971 1 A465;1 31 8@61 6A451 &31 341 8">681

1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Number of retrieved images considered

Average retrieval rate (%)

The proposed method Portilla-Simoncelli Do-Vetterli

1 08>8126139-65>6961"6&!3713"%583981

C6193&61&!&1&!61-65>6146156&586-5131&!61%53%3671

"6&!371 91 161 8"%53-671 1;1 895689>1 &!61 94"1651 31 35869&&83981 97667F1 =61 91 56!1 +)8H++FM1 31 461 56&586-51 =!8561 489>1 21 35869&&8391 971 )1 561 31 763"%38&83981 !61 -65>61 461 56&586-51 5&61 31 &!61

%53%3671 "6&!371 489>1 &=31 561 971 94"1651 31 35869&&839153"1F1&312156156%5669&671891&1561)81

1

24"165131

35869&&8391 F1 31 (1 21

B-65>6156&586-51

5&61M1 GH83)F+1 +*84(3G1 +)8GGF31 /-//+9

24"165131

%5"6&651 *+41 )()1 FF41 3*31

1561)61B-65>6146156&586-515&6131&!61%53%3671

"6&!37135789>1&31&!6194"16513135869&&8391 9

.98FD8BC7FD9

91 &!81 %%65F1 &!61 6&4561 6/&5&8391 %53156"1 891 ,E1

;&6"1813987656781C61!-61%53%36711&6/&456156&586-51

"6&!371 1671 391 ?4898@&8391 31 &6651561 %;5"871 368869&81 &1 &61 7-9&>61 31 &!61 &6651561 %;5"871

763"%38&8391 971 461 1 8"%561 4587691 78&961 56A48589>1 6=1 3"%4&&83951 &8"681 !61 ?4898@&8391

%53674561 81 94&88671 1;1 &!61 &1 &!&1 8&1 5645&1 891 1 935"58@671 &5935"&8391 73"891 =!6561 &&8&81 91 161 58"8&671 &31 &!61 63971 3576581 !61 %53%3671 "6&!371 =1

&6&671 391 2341 &6/&4561 8">61 53"1 &!61 B86/1 3556&8391

=8&!1%53"889>15645&81B916/&69839131&!61%53%3671=351 81 &31 6-54&61 &!61 6/&5&671 6&4561 351 1 &1 31 &6/&4561

;9&!6881

35535D85C9

D*E18C81D9949&!1971C8181DF1N6/&45616&4561351153=89>1 97156&586-51318">617&FO1///1074DB61&43327D1 D4561!481AD21 AD32558F1-81*2F19381+F1B4>81*HH2F1%%81+FG#+3)81

D)E1 81 D581 971 '81 '6539F1 N'56&&69&8-61 &6/&4561 7858"89&8391

=8&!1 655;1 -88391 "6!98"FO1 345951 31 3%&851 C386&;1 31 B"658F1-3581GF19381(F1%%81H)F#HF)F1D;1*HH481

DFE1 C81 81 0566"91 971 81 81 76539F1 N!61 768>91 971 461 31

&6651561 85&65FO1///1 074DB61 &43361 D4561 !48161 D32558F1 -3581 *FF1 9381HF1%%81+H*#H42F1*HH*81

D3E11'1C8"3965581971C110566"981N!61&6651561%;5"87611 56/81561 5!8&6&4561 351 "45&8#C561 7658-&8-61 3"%4&&839FO11 ///1 228CD1 D3351 'CDF1 CD1 4,21 &7C82BBAD,81 C!89>&391 $,F1

&31651*HH(81

D(E1D81J356F1'81J818=F197181281,!&&6598F1N6/&45618">61 56&586-51 489>1 53&&671 =-656&1 85&65FO1 &43327D1 )28C,DA3ACD1 423327B51)+F1%%81*)34#*)3HF1)44G81

D2E1 D81 J356F1 81 281 ,!&&6598F1 971 '81 J81 8=F1 N,3896#

"3745&671=-656&11671&6/&45616&456135139&69&#16718">61 56&586-5FO1&43327D1)28C,DA3ACD1423327B51)(F1%%81FH*#FH+F1)44381 DGE1 ?81 B81 C34=65F1 '81 C!649765F1 971 $81 B81 $;F1 NC&&8&851

&6/&4561 !5&658@&8391 53"1 7856&61 =-656&1 56%5669&&839FO1 ///1074DB614,21&7C82BBAD,F1-3581+F1%%81(H)#(H+F1B%581*HHH81 D+E1 D81 21 $31 971 D81 B6&&6558F1 NC-656&#1671 &6/&4561 56&586-51 489>1>696558@671>4891971J4551#A681565178&96FO1///1 074DB614,211&7C82BBAD,F1-3581**F1%%81*32#*(+F10618F1)44)81 DHE1 ?81 @>58F1 81 6565455#A3@93F1 971 '81 5876F1 NE3&&839#89-589&1 &6/&4561 56&586-51 =8&!1 >4898@671 &6651561

%;5"87FO1///1 074DB61 4,21 &7C82BBAD,F1 -3581 *(F1 9P81 HF1 %%81 )G4)#)G*+F1C6%&81)44281

D*4E1?81@>58F1816565455#A3@93F1971'815876F1 NA3=#3"%56/8&;1E3&&839#9-589&1">61E6&586-51671391 C&6651561C41#>48691"376589>FO

1

2"A3321431///1074DB61 4,21&7C82BBAD,51#61

D**E1816565455#A3@93F1 41Q86F1B815&6>F1NE3&&839#89-589&1 6&4561 1671 391 &6651561 &5935"1 =8&!1 91 %%58&8391 &31 78&5814&671 8">61 588&839FO &7C822AD,B1 CF1 D327D43ACD451 'CDF272D821 CD1 4,21 &7C82BBAD,51 '&5156539F1 ,&5398F1 C%89F1C6%&6"1651*3#*+F1)44FF1-3581FF1%%81()*#()381

D*)E181'35&855197181'1C8"396558F1NB1%5"6&581&6/&4561"37651 1671 391 9389&1 &&8&81 31 3"%56/1 =-656&1 368869&FO1 D327D43ACD451 6C7D451 CF1 'C93271 7ABACDF1 -3581 34F1 %%81 3H#G*F1 )44481

D*FE1 D81 B15"3=8&@1 971 56961 B81 C&6>49F1 %4D"CC1 CF1 431243A8451FD83ACDB18A311FC754B51,7491B514D1431243A8451 34"52BF1$3-651'4158&839F198F126=135F1*H2381

D*3E1 D1 B88391 971 "376589>1 >534%81 B88391 &6/&45681 D395896E81 B-8515661!&&%6RR-8"378===8"6788"8&86741

1

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to