Efficient Dispatch of Multimethods in Constant Time Using Dispatch Trees
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Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Efficient Dispatch of Multimethods in Constant Time Using Dispatch Trees. ´ Dujardin Eric. N ˚ 2892 Mai 1996. ` THEME 3. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.
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(139) [+_dSDjW^gkeM+XU K M;wx_dgM$j&Y\jWjW_m[^nYUWM=k)¡s^`U K U K ^nj&NaMU K _mk jWeDjWMU=fm^`SFjqUZM$Ydk _i U K M wx_dgM$jsY\jWjW_m[^nYUZM$k)¡s^`U K Yd` U K M;NaMU K _mkejs_i U K M;h\M+SeM$XW^n[eSD[UW^g_dS/ ¸ RTSU K M0wDXWM=[M+M=km^gSehaUWXZM+M\fFYig/Uq£wxM$jYiXZM;wF_\`M=j+ _dSDjW^nkmM+X K _¡M$dM+X&U K M0\M+XWUW^n[M$j XZM$Y\[ K M$kµDjW^`SDhAYFM$hd^gSeSe^gSeh_dsjW^ghdSDYiUWeXZM - ~_dX = 0U K MNaMU K _mkejQYdweweg^g[$YiegM$j~UZ_!U K M+NYiXZM XZM$jWwxM$[]UZ^`\M+g % YdSDk(% fxU K YU;kmM « SDM YdjXZM$jWwFM=[]UW^gdM jM+UZj_i{ bwx_dgM$j -aYiSDk =V M$SD[M U K M UZXWM$M[+YdS¥FM [_\N
(140) wDXWM=jWjWM$k f'jW^`Naweg V¥jWeweweXZM$jZjW^`SehU K MDXZYdSD[ K M$jQjqU"YiXWUW^gSeh!XZ_dN U K M=jM dM+XWUW^n[M=j+f YdSDk gYdFM$`gM$k ¡s^`U K .
(141) fFM=[+YdDjMaU K M+µ`M=YdkµUW_U K M)jZYiNaM)A¨m¦ N
(142) M+U K _mkejQYdj~U K M)_iU K M+X;DXZYdSD[ K M$j jUZYdXUZ^`SDhQXZ_dN U K M0jZYiNaM~dM$XUZ^g[+Md J&K ^njweXW^gSD[+^`wegM YdwewegV^gSeh;UZ_0M+\M+XZ kmM$wmU K EZfVY;weXZ_dh\XWM=jWjW^`\MskmM$[+XWM=YdjWMs^`SaU K M S£eN FM$X_i wx_dgM$j^gj _\mUZYd^`SDM$k)¡ K ^`gMh\_d^gSeh0UZ_
(143) U K M`M=Y dM=j+ o _dgM$jDjWM$k)^gSYQ\M+XWUWM c_d kmM+weU K EZf£UZ_
(144) keM « SeMU K MDXZYdSD[ K M$j gM$Y\km^gSehUZ_ U K M
(145) _dgg_¡s^`Seh dM$XUZ^g[+M$j$f/YiXZM
(146) [$Yig`M=k!U K M!¯`® !"=i¯xe®i¯`°³_iU K ^nj~dM$XUZM Q´ K M+S # ^njgYdXWh\M M$Se_dDh K fxU K ^gjweXZ^`SF[^gwe`MaYigg_¡jUZ_ eD^`nkµke^gjWwDYU"[ K UWXZM+M=j~Yd[]UZDYiggjWNcYig`M$X U K YiS km^njwDYiUZ[ K UZYiD`M=j+ RTSweX"Yd[UW^n[M\f\U K ^njshdM$SeM+X"Yig` K YiwewxM+SDjs_dX # OD - = : o nYiSDMB%H - * . * - . O O % ; * = * - .
(147)
(148). /. %&%(')+*-,-.-*.
(149) . % A - * . % - *: % C > * :. .
(150) -. .. 8.
(151).
(152).
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(154) :. © : =. <. {. { {. :. ©. o nYiSeM;. ..
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(156) ; . =. * = * - * =. =. o nYiSeM > . O O. © ^ghdDXWM~©'Oibu^`NaM$SDj^g_dSFYi/u^gjWwDYU"[ K J YiD`M :. . ©. {.
(157) . ¸. _\SDjW^gkmM$XU K MOibYdXW;h\M+SeM$XW^n[eSD[UW^g_dS % ^gS ^ghdeXZM&©DRUZj [+_dNaweXZM$jZjM=kQkm^njWwDYU"[ K U"YiegM&^gjY[+exMsweXWM=jM$SVUWM$k
(158) Ydj'OwenYiSDM$j$ o nYiSDM$j'YiXZMgYdFM$`gM$k
(159) ¡s^`U K bwF_\`M=j+fd`^gSeM$j'YdXWM&nYixM+g`M=kQ¡s^`U K {b?wx_dgM$j$fmYiSDjs[+_dgeNaSDjsYiXZMgYdFM$`gM$k ¡s^`U K ObwF_\`M=j+ J&K M;wenYiSDM$j_iU K ^njUZYdegM0[_dDgk jM$wDYiX"YUZM+gcFM DXU K M+X0[+_dNaweXZM$jZjM=k _dX; M eYiNawegMdf ^gS wenYiSeM ; U K Mcg^gSeM$jQ{ YdSDk O YdXWMa^nkmM+SVUZ^g[$Yi YiSFkµg^gSeM!a^gj M$NawmUqd J&K M=jM [_\N
(160) wDXWM=jWjW^`_\SDj;[+YdSeSe_dU YiwewD`µUW_AU K Mke^gjWwDYU"[ K UZYdegM)FM=[+YdDjM)U K M$ YdXWMcg_m[+Yd UW_ jW_dNaM wegYdSeM$j$~tSU K Ma[_\S\UZXZYdXW\fFY)UWXZM+M jUWXZD[UWeXZM Yd`g_¡jsU K M+Nf/Ydjj K _¡sS^`S ^`h\eXWM mRTSU K ^gj UZXWM$MdfFU K M$XWMQ^gj_dSeg _dSeM wDYU K YdjZj_m[^nYUZM$k¡s^`U K ; Ydj « XZjUYdXWh\eNaM+SVU$¦j ¡MQj K Yig jWM+M\fDU K ^gj UWXZM+M U"Y \M$jM+¡M+XsNaM+Na_\XWcU K YiS U K M0[_\XWXZM$jWwF_\SDkm^gSehakm^gjWwDYiUZ[ K UZYiD`M\ . . :. -. : -. ;. . :. =. %A %A %. =. >. %(. =. . % . - =. % . -. -. :. - =. ^`h\eXZM u ^njWwDYU"[ K J XWM$M. %A % A. :. % %. . %. . % C. + 176' M+_dXZM wDXWM=jM$S\UZ^`SDh U K M!_\XWNcYd kmM « Se^¢UZ^`_\S¶_i;Y¥km^njwDYiUZ[ K UZXWM$Mdf&¡M « XZjU)hd^gdMjW_dNaMkmM « Se^`UW^g_dSDj XZM+nYUZ^`\M UZ_cNQe`UW^`bN
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(163) , $ "%
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(165) j^ghdSDYiUWeXZM;_i NaM+U K _mk(% ' ^gj ) ' *,+-+,+,* ' . ]
(166) ^njU K M jWMU _dYd`/NaM+U K _mkej %(£' '´ M « XZjUXZM+£^`M$¡jW_dNaM~Se_iU"YUW^g_dSFjsYiSDk XZM$jWe¢U"j&^`SVUZXW_mkmD[+M$k ^`S¥¤ ¦§;¨m}i©iª? ¼x¸ J&K M0[_dM$X_dY Uq£wxM 0 fmSe_iUZM$k 8 ]fe^nj&U K M0jM+Us_i'jeeUqVwxM$j_i 8 /D/D ¸ . RTS U K M0jW[ K M$NcYQ_d ^ghdeXZMadfm¡M K Y dM - 5- * . * : * / * 8 * > \ J&K M
(167) [_\M+X_dYjWMU_d'Uq£wFM=j *,+,+-+,* . VfFSe_dUWM=k - *-+,+-+ * . fF^nj U K M
(168) eSe^g_dS_d'U K M [+_dM$XZj_iM$Y\[ K Uq£wxM_d U K M0jWMU - $ & %('/$m*) c+. . *,+,+-+ * . !3 . ) 3 . "#. ¸, $ &J K /M EIU K jqU"YUW^n[YdXWh\eNaM+SVUZj_d Y~h\M+SeM$XW^n[eSD[UW^g_dS % \f SD_iUWM=k.-0/ #/ E1 32 f. YdXWMU K M~UqVwxM$j_i U K M E?U K _dXZNcYi/YdXWh\eNaM+SVUZj_iU K M;N
(169) M+U K _mkej_i % -3/ 4/ E1 32 -576%(' ¡s^¢U K ' 3 ( ¸ RTS U K MjZ[ K M+NcY!_d ^ghdeXZM!df¡M K Y dM8-3/ 4/ E1 2 - * =\fYiSFk9-0/ #/ E 2 = * . * : V $ & %;: <¹ , 9)I) + #¸ , = J&K M EIU K km£SDYdNa^g[ YiXZhdeNaM+SVU"j _dYh\M+SeM$XW^n[~eSD[UW^g_dSG%µf Se_dUWM=k :.= # %E1 32 feYdXWMU K M0[_dM$X&_i U K M E?U K jUZYUZ^g[~YdXWh\eNaM+SVUZj&_d % :>= # % E 32. ? @ -0/ #/ E1 23. :>= # % E1 2. BA .3! > : =. . &J K M$ XZM+weXZM$jWM+SVUaU K M Uq£wxM$j
(170) U K YU[+YdS YdwewxM$YiXcYiU
(171) U K M(E?U K wF_Vj^`UW^g_dS ^gS ^gS£d_m[+YiUW^g_dSDj
(172) _d4%%YU XZeSmb?UW^gNaMd :>= # %E 2 ^nj&U K M0[XZ_\jZjweXW_mkmF[]Us_iU K M E?U K keVSFYiNa^g[~YdXWh\eNaM+SVUZj&jWMUZj. %&%(')+*-,-.-*. # % E1 32.
(173) { ¸ . RTS U K QM jZ[ K M+NcY
(174) _i `^ h\eXZM
(175) \fe¡M K Y dM:>= # % E1 2 - * . * : * / * 8 * > VfDYiSFk :.= # %E1 2 = * . * : * ; * / * 8 * > * < \ ¬¸ º ¹ ¸ ½ ' ) + , e ¸ ¦ S)^gSV\_m[+YUZ^`_\Scj^ghdSDYiUWeXZM % ) *,+,+-+ * . ^gj¡M+g¢b?Uq£wFM=ka^¢ YdSDka_dSeg ^`U K M$XWM~^njYiSA¨m¦ NaMU K _mk _dX&U K ^gjjW^ghdSDYiUWeXZMd $]º ¼ ¸ ¦ Uq£wxM ^njYiS E?b?wx_dgM¥_iahdM$SeM+XZ^n[ADSD[]UZ^`_\S %µ f E \ *,+,+-+
(176) * # Vf0kmM+Se_dUWM=k E 32 )fe^ -0/ #/ E1 32 _\X %E # D ( E 32 ) D &YiSD k D J&K M jWMU _d/ E?b?wx_dgM$jQ_i % ^gj
(177) kmM$Se_iUZM$k 32 FE 32 ) UWXZeM Vµ´ M [$Yig * "/b 32 8U K MjWMU % E # 32 \ J&K MwF_\`M=j U K YUsYiXZM^gSD[gDkmM=k)^gS -0/ #/ E1 32 YiXZM [$Yig`M=kcA #
(178) = #]²~D®¯`°³]fFYiSFk)U K M;_iU K M+X"jsYiXZM;[+YiggM$kA³B° !"$® AC<= #]²~e®i¯`°³" 8 ¸ ´ MkmM+UWM$XWNa^gSeMU K M
(179) b'YiSDk { bwF_\`M=j_d/U K MjZ[ K M+NcY _i ^ghdeXZMQ\'¦ j -0/ #/ E1 2 - * =\f - YiSF k = YiXZMAbwx_dgM$j$ _dXZM+_dM$X$f U K M+ YiXZM)U K M[g_\jWM$jU wx_dgM$j
(180) _i :fj_ : ^njaYinj_AY +b?wx_dgMd¨m_ 2 - * = * : \ ¦
(181) j -0/ #/ E 2 = * . * : V9f =)'f .¬YiSFk :*YdXWM0{ bwx_dgM$j$ J&K M+XZM~^gj SD_ajWM$[+_dSDkDYiXZcwF_\`M\fDj_ 2 5= * . * : \ J&K Mc+b?wx_dgM$j&YiXZM~eSDkmM$XWg^gSeM$k _dS ^`h\eXZM
(182) \ $]º $, ¸ , ¸ dM$XW E?b?wx_dgM _i Y~h\M+SeM$XW^n[&eSF[]UW^g_dS % ^njYdjZjW_£[+^gYiUWM=k ¡s^`U K ^`UZj^g?S DeM$SD[M\f\Se_dUWM=k E # #< 32 ) &YiSDk kmM « SeM$kY\j < # #< 32 8 - A/ D 32 * / D _\X / D V . . . . . .
(183). . .
(184). . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¸. . !. ´µMkmMUZM+XZNa^`SeM U K M b^`S DeM+SF[M_d_\eX +b?wx_dgM$j$ J&K M0b^gS? DeM$SD[M_i -[+_dSVUZYd^`SDj -Qf . YdSDk /.Y\j - ^njsU K M+^gX_\Se` bwx_dgM0jewxM+XWUq£wFM\ _dXU K MQjZYiNaM0XZM$Y\j_\S/f£U K M)b^`S DeM+SF[M0_d = [+_dSVUZYd^`SFj=)f9; YiSFk<F :*km_£M$jSe_iUxM+g_dSehaUZ_
(185) U K M)+b?^gS? DDM+SD[+M_d-y_dX = Ydj: ^njYbwx_dgMdfeYiSFk Y\jwx_dgM0^`U^nj jWewFM$XUq£wxMQ_d^`UZjWM+`YiSFk!jeeUqVwxMQ_d - YiSF?k =) J&K Mb^`?S FeM+SD[+M0_i :[+_dSVUZYd^`SFj :!f 8 YdSDk > Y\j :^nj U K M$^`X~j^gSeh\`MQ[+`_VjM=jqU bwF_\`M\ J&K M+b?^g?S DDM+SD[+M$j YdXWM jeXZXZ_deSDkeM$k£!Yceg_d_\S ^ghdeXZMad ei °± 32 ,* +-+,+,* e °, 5< # #< 32 ) *,+-+,+-* < # ± ± $® ® :>= # % E1 32 =$C ®$# =i¯ ¯ :>= # %E1 32 ° = ° #" ,+. %$ '&)(. .-. /+. *. *. 0-21. 43. +#<" 23. 8% $ n³ = = # . K)L %FKM.
(186) =O < # <# 32 8 ' %E #
(187) - . . 23 .
(188) - ' . ¼ ¸ ¼ ¹ ¸ ´µMkeM « SeMaU K MceSF[]UW^g_dS 32 UW_U"Y \M)YUq£wxMJ.^`S :>= # %E 32 YiSDkµUW_ XZMUZeXZSU K M E?b?wx_dgMUqVwxM0jWD[ K U K YU ^gj^`S^`UZjs^gS? DeM$SD[M 32 ) * j$ U$@ 32 YiSD k E # #< 32 ) XW_\N U K ^njkmM « Se^`UW^g_dS/fFYiSDk Y\[]U;dfe_dg`_¡j ¼ ¼ m ¹ %E # - 32 32 ) . . . . . .
(189). . . . . #" $9&( . ´ cM kmM « SeM
(190) U K Mckm^njwFYUZ[ K UWXZM+M * +_i % f ¡ K M$XWM ^gjU K McjM+U_ddM$XUZ^g[+M$jYiSDk Q^gjU K MaXW_£_dU \M+XWUWM J&K MaUWXZM+Mc^nj0De^``UQDjW^gSeheSD[UW^g_dS " * f U K YUQY\jWjW_m[^nYUZM$j~¡s^`U K Y!\M+XWUWM µYiSFk Y g_m[+Yd wF_\`M Y DSe^gVeM0jWD[$[M$jZjW_dX D J&K M0jWMU_d g_£[$Yi wx_dgM$js_d )^nj&Se_dUWM$k V ;¸ & )I ¸ yJ&K M~jWMU_d\M+XWUW^n[M=j_dkeM+wmU K E"fmSe_dUWM=k 2 3 fe^gj kmM « SDM$kYdj 2 * V E { *,+-+,+
(191) * # * 2 3 3
(192) * 3
(193) 2 3
(194) YiSDk 2
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(196) * # * 3 3 * -$ 3 -%('
(197) 3 3
(198) * * %(' ?- 3
(199) &YiSDk ' 3
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(201) M+U K _mkej~YdXWM;U K _\jWMQ_d E { *,+-+,+
(202) * # * 3 2 3 * gM -$ 3 f/¡M K Y dM
(203) 32 f :>= # % E1
(204) :>= # % E1 32 YiSDk :>= # %E
(205) *
(206) ) 32 ) . 2. . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. . . . %&%(')+*-,-.-*. . . .
(207) $© _dXM$Yd[ K \M+XWUWM . _d 2 . fVU K M$XWM^gjY0eSD^gVeMjM=\DM+SD[+M * *-+,+-+,* .
(208) * .
(209) jWD[ K U K YU AE2 { *-+,+-+ * # * 3 3
(210) * 3
(211) ] ¦ h\Yi^gS/fV¡MSe_iUZM/%DY;hdM$SeM+XZ^g[eSD[UW^g_dS)¡ K ^n[ K NaM+U K _mkej YdXWMU K _\jWM;_i#- . _\XYigF . ^gS 2 fe¡M;kmM « SDM . * . - -$)%D ) *,+-+,+ * . ]. &J K M _dgg_¡s^`SehAU K M$_dXZM+NM mweXZM$jZjWM$jQU K YiUakm^njWwDYU"[ K UWXZM+M=j [$YiS h\^`\M)U K M!A¨m¦ N
(212) M+U K _mk _iYdS ^gS£d_m[+YiUW^g_dS % ¸£¼ ¸ °± ) *,+-+,+ * /. ( :. % ) *,+-+,+,* /. n³ °¯ ¯ T±I²ZD°BC&=$AC % - -)% ) * +-+,+ * . ± e,° ± e° ³+°, D°,!"° *,+,+-+ * . 2 +,+,+ 2 . n³4C\° x°BCQ³B ! )± =± E \ *,+-+,+
(213) * # . #". . & *+. 1. . -. 2. 3 :>= # %E
(214) - + E @ # - 3 3 *
(215) ) 3 - =$AC % . * 8 . & +/% ) *,+,+-+,* . n³ x®i± 1 °+¯ ¯ T±?²Ze°BC - ± D° 6E V *,+-+,+ * # (= C= ³+°
(216) D°,!"° *,+-+,+,* 3 2 +,+-+ 2 3 ³
(217) ! !± =±E2 * E @ E * 3 ?:>= # % E1
(218) =$AC 3 3 *
(219) -) 3 = C9 3 :>= # %1E
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(221) U K MhdM$SeM+XZ^g[ eSD[UW^g_dS kmM « SDM$k ^`S ^`h\eXWM©Df ^`h\eXZM
(222) j K _¡j U K M~wDYU K U"Y \M+Sc^gScU K Mkm^njwDYiUZ[ K UZXWM$Ms_dXU K M^`S£d_m[$YUW^g_dS % : * / * > '´µM K Y dM : 2 : -Qf\¡ K ^g[ K gM$Y\kej'UZ_0dM$XUZM J&K M+S / .
(223) f\¡ K ^g[ K gM$Y\kejUZ_ Ad ^gSDYig` > : YdSDk A * : % A - -$8% : * / * > . . 0. . . . K)L %FKM. -.
(224) s* +#5s ' RTSaU K ^nj¨£M=[]UW^g_dS f\¡MweXZM$jWM+SVU'Uq¡_0km^`XZM$[UW^g_dSDj UW_0_\wmUW^gNa^`$MsU K M j^g+M _i/km^njwDYiUZ[ K UZXWM$M$j$ ´ M kmM=jW[+XW^gFM U K M+N DYdjWM$k_dS U K M~DY\j^n[ke^gjWwDYU"[ K UZXWM$MweXZM$jWM+SVUZM$k Yix_dMd _¡M+\M+X=fdU K M+ [+YiS FM~^gSVUWM+h\XZYiUWM=k)^gS Y
(225) h\`_\DYi_dweUW^gN
(226) ^g$YiUW^g_dS!Yighd_\XW^`U K N ´ Ms^`ggDjqUZXZYiUWMU K M=jM&_\wmUW^gNa^`=YUW^g_dSFj_dSaY Na_dXZMs[_\N
(227) wD` M 0hdM+SDM+XZ^g[eSD[UW^g_dSa_dmU"Yi^gSeM$k £0Ydkeke^`Seh YdSYiXZhdDN
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