De la prise en compte des hétérogénéités morphologiques et structurales vers l'interprétation de la réactivité globale d'un hydroxyde d'aluminium

HAL Id: tel-01747402

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01747402

Submitted on 29 Mar 2018

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

De la prise en compte des hétérogénéités

morphologiques et structurales vers l’interprétation de la réactivité globale d’un hydroxyde d’aluminium

Marie-Camille Jodin

To cite this version:

Marie-Camille Jodin. De la prise en compte des hétérogénéités morphologiques et structurales vers l’interprétation de la réactivité globale d’un hydroxyde d’aluminium. Autre. Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1, 2004. Français. �NNT : 2004NAN10158�. �tel-01747402�

AVERTISSEMENT

Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie.

Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document.

D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale.

Contact : ddoc-theses-contact@univ-lorraine.fr

LIENS

Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4

Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php

http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm

! !"

!" #"$ % %

$ $ $"

& ' ( $) & &$ % "

# $

'"% % '$ " *$+ $ "

% & ' () " !*

& # ( $) & $ % "

! +,%*"

% ( ( ( ( (

( ( (

-

&+" , "(

''$" "

- )# "" -. / 0 #"$1 "0 2 " % # "" " " 0 # "

# '' . . 3 0 " " " 0

4 & "

5. 0 #"$1 "0 2 " % " #$ "%0 (

3 " " 3 0 #"$1 "0 2 " % " #$ "%0 (

+ 6 3. 0 "7% " 0 (

! !"

!" #"$ % %

$ $ $"

& ' ( $) & &$ % "

# $

'"% % '$ " *$+ $ "

% & ' () " !*

& # ( $) & $ % "

! +,%*"

% ( ( ( ( (

( ( (

-

&+" , "(

''$" "

- )# "" -. / 0 #"$1 "0 2 " % # "" " " 0 # "

# '' . . 3 0 " " " 0

4 & "

5. 0 #"$1 "0 2 " % " #$ "%0 (

3 " " 3 0 #"$1 "0 2 " % " #$ "%0 (

+ 6 3. 0 "7% " 0 (

8

9

*

. - /

*0 * ( 1 ( . - / - 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 23

**0 %(. . - / 0 ( 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 23

***0 . - -0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 42

: ; % %"$7% % % " " < =% &$ % " "1 >?

: > % %"$7% % % & >@

: A % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 >9

* 0 γγγγ!5 6,'78000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 43

! " # $

! % & # #

0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 84

**

9 ) . ( ( ( ( ( 0

*0 : $ 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 8;

**0 < 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 83

" # '

( ) # #

) *

***0 '( ( ( ( ( 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

;B

+ * # ,

> ; $"& ' " :@

> > & $ ' " C>

- # .

A ; < ' " " &$( & $ D'"$ % " ;E C:

A > #" $&' * % %"$7% % % D'"$ % " >E C8

A A #" $&' % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 D'"$ % " AE C?

A : #" $&' & "$ $'$7" ' D'"$ % " +E C9

A C " ' $ * % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 *% $ 8B

* 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

***

* . ( . (

0 '( ( ( ( ( . 0

*0 ( . ( . 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 3

" 4 '

( / /% .

> ; $"' $ * $ % ?C

> > 6 ++ ' $ * ??

( 0 % ,

**0 * ( . 0 ( 0 0000000000000000000=;

") + 1 % ,

" + 1 2 % + 11 '$

2 ) * '

A ; ." $ $ .) 9:

A > $ 7 " $ . 9@

A > ; " + $ ' " 1" "$ 7 ) "%7 $ 2 +" $ *% $ 7 $ .) 9@

A > > & $ $ 7 " $ .) ;B;

( + 0 3 $

: ; #" ' & $ ' " 1" "$ 7 & ;B>

: > ' " 1" "$ 7 ;B:

: A ' " & ;B8

: : 7"$ ' & . & 7 ++ ;B?

;;

***0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 2 =

*

>( ( . 0

*0 >( ( . !?! '^@ ,'^!A ( 000000000000000000 228

( 1

> ; 1 ' ' $ " $ "+ " 7 ;;8

> > ." 7 ( %"! ;>B

> A $ $ *% +" % ;>>

-

A ; & $ '$ "7 ;>8

A > 1 * " '% 1 ;AB

-

**0 5 . 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 288

" +

; ; " % 1 $ $ ;A:

; > $ $&& $ '"$ $ $ " * $"' $ ;A8

; A ( ' " 1" "$ 7 ' $ 7 ++ ;A8

" + 3 $

> ; .+ $ ' " ' $ ;:B

> > $"' $ 1 ;:>

-

***0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 2

( ( 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 2 =

>(.( 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 2 8

;>

5 -

5 - 5 A : $ ( 0000000000000000000000000000002

5 - B A ( 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 ;

4 " 3

4 2 5 6 5

4 7 # 6 4 ) ,

4 6 8 ( # ,

5 - A 5 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002;2

- - 2 # 3

- - + 1 *

- 3 1 *

- 3 3

5 - % A # ( 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002;;

#

" + ,

5 - A 5 . 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002=2

7 " + ,

7 " + 3 ,

5 - C A A . ( 02=8

8 ,

; ; / $ '"$ % % *% & $ $ $ " "% ;@A

; > 2 7 & 1 % ( ;@A

; A $ "F $ $ " '"$ % % 2 7 ;@:

8 7 ,.

8 9 2 ,

A ; 2 7 & 1 % ;@8

A > ( ;@9

8 - '

;C

& 4 " $ = " $ " ' " & %"

$ $ 0 & !" $"7 0 4 " 2 2 * &'

& %" 4 " &% & "% $ ' $ " 7 & " + $

% %& ' 0 *% * 7"%7 $ " '$" ' " 0

' % $&! '"% ' $ 0 "% $ ( % "1 0 + $ '$ + %

&% 4G & ,$" % '"$ ' ( $) & %"$ 4 "1 $4( H

$ $ 1 I$ < & 4 $&'" " &% & "% $ '"%'$ %"

& 4 " 0 % " %1 " "% 2 % < 11%" %

' " *$4( " ( !& &' 1 %

= ' '" ' " $ " ' " *$4( $

* ( "$4( $ $ %1 "1 ' " * % 0 $&+" 4

" 2 4 4'%" & 4 $ % < " '"% $ < &$ % $ * "1

$4( & %" H $ $ &$ ! ' "% 0 $ &$ !

%2 $''% ' " & " 0 ' "& " $&' '% 1 % " "

"1 1 " ' " 0 * )<) " % 11%"

7"$ ' & "1 " " " & " ' 2 D $$" $ 0

7"% '"$ $ $ E D & " 0 ;9@9 J & " 0 ;998E

'" ' 11 % '' " K $" * $ &$ ! "%

'" $&' $ % &$ % " '$ " * "'"% $ $ % $

& " 7 $+ 0 ' " " ( !& '"% % %"$7% % %

&$"' $ $7 0 & $ " " # " 4 &' 0 $&& "'"% " "% 2 %

* % $ '"% ' " $ ' " L &'

' " $ ) ) " & " & "$ $' &$( * " '% 1 L

" $ " '% $ "1 '% 1 < 1 " "7

7 $+ ' " D& "% " & ' " " 7 '$ $&% " E L

1 * ''$" " % %& "%'$ < (' $ 0 $ 2$ $

*% " '"$'" % % "1 * ( !& &' 0 7 ++ D. EA )

$ % 1 *$ ! " * $& *$4(7! 0 &' % $ * 4 "

$& * & & $ ' >MA $ % " 7"$ ' & ( "$4(

$ $" % $ ' 1 0 $ $" ' 1 * '$ 2

&$"' $ $7 0 7 ++ '"% * 2 7 * 4'$ " 4 (' 1

" 0 + 4 7$ %" 0 $&'$ % & 4 ('

"1 11%" ( "$4( + ) $$" % 4 $& * & &

&$ $) $$" % 0 " " % '"% & " 1 %"

;8

'" & " &' 0 $ 2$ " % < " %" " &$"' $ $7

% $ 7 ++ $ ( % $ +$" $ " " %" $

''"$1$ 0 "% % 7"N < $ ' 7 "$ $' "$ <

3 ( 7 "$ $' < $" $& 0 '$ " $+, 1 " ' $ &$"' $ $7

2 0 * )<) " * ''$" " $ *% $

7 $+ %0 $ $ %" '% 1 % ' " '$ " '$ 2$ " " " $&'

% %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 $ % $

4 !& &' 0 ( ' " 2 +" $ & $

' " " + * &$ ! * " $ 'F ) 'F $ "% % +

* 11 " $ " " 7"$ ' & . 7 ++ ' "

' $ 7 ++ $ %7 & " 7 "% '$ " $+ " 1$"& $

" " '% 1 4 7"$ ' & ( "$4( "1

1 0 1$"& $ $ " % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 " "

& "$ $' $ '" $&' * "'"% $ "% 2 % 7 $+

' " 7 ++ ' $ ( "% % '$ " " 7

'$ $&% " 2 % "& $ "7 "1 0

''"$ '"$ ' 2 0 '$ " "'"% $ & % &$ 1 $ '!

$ $ "1 < ' " " * $ "& * $"' $ 1 $+ ' "

' "$&% " 1" "$ 7 &

;@

*0 * ( 1 ( . - / -00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000023

**0 %(. . - / 0 ( 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000023

***0 . - - 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000042

: ; % %"$7% % % " " < =% &$ % " "1 >?

: > % %"$7% % % & >@

: A % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 >9

* 0 γγγγ!5 6,'78000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000043

! " # $

! % & # #

0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000084

;9

!!!!

& 4 " $ = " $ " ' " & %"

$ $ 0 & !" $"7 0 4 " 2 2 $4( 0 "!

+$ " & $ 0 "2 < 11%" 2 40 $&& ' " 4 &'

'"$ $ $ 0 $"' $ $&' 4 $ = '! $ $

* " $ 2 & "$)$"7 & " &' " = 2 "$ & * $ '

%7 7 + $ < *$" 7 " + $ % %& ' 0

* 77"%7 $ " '$" ' " 0 ' % $&! '"% ' $ 0 "% $

( % "1 0 + $ '$ + % &% 4G

"! $&+" 4 " 2 4 $ % % ' + % " , . " ' " 4 &' 0 ' "&

' + $ ' "% 0 % $ " * $"' $ 7 (' $ D "+ E

" $4( D ++ 0 >BBB J 6 & 7 0 >BB:E0 * $"' $ &% 4 "

$ " 7 ++ D6 1 $ 0 >BB> J " 0 >BB; J O + "0 >BB> J P & 7 0

>BB>E0 +%" $ &% 4 ' " $ $ $4( '"% + %" D

0 >BBBE0 * $"' $ * $ $" D'("$ $ 2 $ E " $4( ( "$4(

* & & $&'% $ 2 &% $ $ 7 * & & $ $

D " " Q $ 0 >BB> J &' $ 0 >BBBEG 0 *% " $ $4(

2 & 4 " $ " $& "! 2 " % $&& 7%$ & 0

& %" 40 & ( 0 " & 4 $ * 2 "$ &

" $ " $ & 4 "$ '$ " ' R$ % <

* "1 " 4 & 4 ' % $&! *( %"$ $ '"$'" < ( !&

' 2 7% %" & ' S " % " ' " $ ' ( $) &

$ $ $ $ 0 & % %2 $'' & &$ ! '

''"$'" %

"

"

"

" !!!! # $ # $ # $ # $

* "1 $4( ) $ $ ' S " %1 $&& R$ " $

" $ $ $ 0 $T ' " &! " ' ( $) & %2$ "! " ' &

1$ $ < "1 & R$ $ & %1 ' 2

2 " " " ' & 0 $ ' " *%2$ $ '"$'" ( !& 0 $" *% 7 & !" ' "

4 &' 0 $ ' " &$ 1 $ ' ( $) & 4 " 0 &$ 1 $

$&'$ $ & $ $ $ $ $ "&$ ( & &

>B

" %" ' ( $) & R$ $ $

& 10 $ $ ." ' ' " $ %$" 4'%" & 4 = (

' ( $) & $ ' % < = $ = " & 40 & ' " " & <

= "1 #$ " 1 " 1 < 11 %0 % * "1 $4( ) $ $ 0 & %

' 2 "$ AB 0 $ ' "& %2 $'' & $ 2 4 &$( * (

# "& '" & " " 2 4 " = "1 $4( )& 40 $ " 4

"% % ' " && ' " # "Q 3" ( $ ' "& & " %2

' % $&! % < = 4 = "7 "1 $4( D# "Q 3" ( 0

;98> J && 0 ;9?BE ' 0 "! $&+" 4 &$ ! $ % % " " = "1

= '$ 2 % "$ % "$ % 0 $ && '$ " " < * "'"% $

$ "+ "7 "% % '$ " % "& " '"$'" % % $)+

"1 &$ ! & ) &' " $ 7% %" & < " '"% "

$&'$" & 7 $+ & "% < *% & "$ $' D ' * ' $ $ &$+ %

' " ' " 4 &' E < * $ "&$ ( & '" $&'

"% $ $)+ 2 "1 ' " $ $U

" ' $ "1 $ < 11%" ('$ ! < '% $

& < * $ ' " &! " , + ' "& " ' $ '"$'" % %

& "$ $' ' $ $ $U $&'"% $ '"$ % <

'"% "7 < * "1 $4( )& 4 % $" < * "

'$ 2$ " "%'$ " < " $&+" $

" $ ' )$ % + " " &$"' $ $7 * ' " " "

&$ % " "1 L $&& % " " " $ $

4'%" & 4 %$" '$ ) )$ L $ " & L

$&& %2 " = 1 % %"$7% % % $ "1 0

$&'$ $ & &$"' $ $7 " "% 2 % & < * "1

'$ 2 & "$ $' L

$&'$" & 7 $+ < * "1 ' ) S " 4'" &% "& *

' "'$ $ $&'$" & & "$ $' 2 "1 L

$&& " " $&' ' " " " $ " 2$ L

$ * "1 * '' ( '" ' & " *%

$ &$ ! 0 ) 7% %" + < $ (' ' " L

>;

%%%%

' ' " " 2 4 1$ & 4 $ " "7 "1 $4(

'$" % " $4( &% "%1%" '" ' 4 $ $4(

& .> D 0 " RE0 $4( .> D 0 " E0 $4(

( "$4( 1 " D %& 0 & 7 % 0 7$ E $4( ( "$4( = & &

D & 0 7 ++ E D R$&+ Q $" 0 ;99BE & %" 4 '"% 11 $&+" 4

2 7 '$ " *% * "1 ' "& " '"% 2 % & 4 " 0

$ " " " $7" ' & + % $ $

"7 "1 %' < 1$ '"$'" % % " ! $

$ $ * $ &$ ! ' "& " ' $ "7 % " $"

) " " ) ' "1 $ % "1 * )<) " 0 <

*% &$ % " 0 % ' + * "2 " 2 " "% $

%"$ < * "1 $ M $ $ " & 0 *$+ $

1$"& $ " "! % *$ 2 " $&' % %"$7% % % " " 0

& &$"' $ $7 % $ $ %"%

& ' % %

"1 $4( $ % = $& &% =$4(7! 0 $ %

). '$ ! '"$'" % % *% 7 '"$ $ '"% =

V ;W 4). >D>)(EX >.→ ₄). ^D;)(EX A.^X

V >W 4). ^D;)(EX >.→ 4).⁽⁾X A.^X

"7 '$" % ' " 7"$ ' & "1 %' $ =% = ( " $

$ %' %7 & " &% $$" $ * $&

*$4(7! $ 1 " 0 ) ' )S " &$ $)0 + ) $ " ) $$" % $

4'" & " "7 11%" 1 0 ). + < = 2 "$ & &

D1$" $ 0 '! '"% $ $ E 4 " $ 2 ' '"$ 2$

D"%' $ % "$ 0 $ ( "$7! E $ ' " &! " $ $ 1$"

$ .) 0 = )<) " " !" $ + "1 =$4(

>>

7 " ; %& $ = "1 $4( ) $ $ $&

&% J . $4(7! J σ_B % "7 "1 Jσ % "7 $

11

" '"% $ %& * "1 $4( &% H $ $

$ % " 7 " ;0 $ " ' $ $ + $ % "

"7 σ_B %2 $''% "1 =$4( " 1 ! '"$'" % % ' ( $) &

" ! "1 $ " " 0 $ % = ( " $ 0 '"% $ $

= '! $"+% $ $ 2 $ G "7 $&' % $ $ 0

1 = " " =% "$ " % ( !& 0 ' " "7 σ '"$2 $ " ) $

$) $ $ 11 . " $ $ ,$ "

V AW σ_BXσ Y B

"7 < = "1 ' 2 S " % "$ %7$" D '$ $0 ;99@E

) "7 " " DσE '"$'" 4 "1

) "7 Dσ E 4 '"$ $ M ( "$4( $"+%

) "7 '$" % ' " $ D∆ E0 4 ' % ^X . ⁾0 = $ %

$ 11 $ $ $ 2 $

. ' $" %7 & % " "

V :W σ Xσ X∆ Y B

. . .

.

>

. $ $"+%

$ " ) $

$) $

σ

σ

$ $ 2 $

D $ " E

$ 11

>A

* '' ( " 1 $ 0 = "1 $4( )& 4 = ( !&

$ % ' S " % " ' " '$ "7 $"" '$ 4 2 " '

'$ " = $ = " %7$" "7 . $ " ' *

4 %" " " $ %" < 7 1 $ "&

%1 '$ "7 % < 11 % < %1 " '$ $ 4

& " 11%" R$ $ * "1 D "1 $ 0 $

$ 2 $ $ 11 E $ < * 1 $ < " $ 11%"

%7$" "7 7 1 $ "& % % $"" '$ 4

%1 $ '"% % ) $

$" "7 % < '"% '"$ $ = ( "$4( $"+%

$&' ' "1 & 0 $ ' " " 0 7 0 Z'$ $1 R "$ '"$ $ "1 "7 Z

D'R ' E * )<) " *< '

σ Y B $ * '"! *% $ V :Wσ Y )∆

'$ ' "& % "& " "7 7% %"% ' " "1

*$4( $ 1$"& $ " " %" ' ( $) & "1

' " ' $ 2 % "& % < ' " " $ "+ "7 $+ ' "

" 7 '$ $&% " 0 'R ' %$" & < * " $ $ "+

$+ '$ " 11%" 1$" $ D2 " $ ∆ 1$ $ ' E

'$ "7 0 7 Z'$ $1 R "$ "7 Z D'R E0 ' '$ "

"7 $ ' " D $&'" "1 *$4( $ $ 2 $ E

σ_BY B $ * '"! *% $ V AWσ Y B

'R ' S " " '"% 1 * + $ "7 $ * ' "1

$&' $ "7 '$ 2 %7 2 $ + $

1 0 'R $" '' % '$ $% " D 7 Z $ " '$ Z0 'E

$" * % "& % ' " & " % "$ % $"" '$ < * $

"7 ' & ' " 0 * )<) " ' '$ " ' "

$ &&$+ &' % "

* + * $"' $ '% 1 $ $ * $ 0 'R ' ' $

'$ "7 D'R E

>:

( " %

&% $ ' $ " '$ " % "& " "7 "1 * $4( $

( "$4( " 7 $)+ $ < & " " $ $&& $

'"$ $ * ' $ J $&' " $ $ $&& $ ' " $ $ ' "&

% "& " % '"$ $ $ $&&% ' " "1 ' "

% "& " "7 "1 '$ * " $ $ "+ $+ '$ " ' "

1$" $ ' "& %1 " '$ "7 *$4( $ ( "$4( D'R ' 0 $

'R * + * $"' $ '% 1 * $ $ $ E

7 " > $ "+ 4'%" & " 7 * ' $ 7$ 0 '$ "

11%" 1$" $ D1 4% ' " .AE D6 +$" " " 0 >BBAE

4 &' $ % " 7 " > 7 " A 7 " > '"%

$ "+ " 7 $)+ * ' $ 7$ '$ " 11%" 1$" $ 0

1$ $ ' 0 2 +) $ " $ + ,$ % $ $ $ " %

* ,$ % D " ' 2 & . .AE '"$ $ $ $"+%0

"7 "1 * 4'" & $" D M&^>E '$ " 2 " ' $

V CW σY D M ρE VD ) +E ' $ )D ) +E+ W

)A4;B^)A )>4;B^)A );4;B^)A B ;4;B^)A

A : C 8

?

@ 9

;B

;;

'

+) D&$ M E

B0C B0;

B0BC B0B;

3

>C

2 $ " ( D98:@B M&$ E0 * " '% 1 $ D &^>M7E

ρ $ " $ ' $ D 7M E 4'" $ ' "& 1 "

% '"$ $ $"+% ' " $&' " $ 2 $ $ $ 2 " " 2 "

% "7

. $+ < ' " " % $ $ "+ "7 '"% % " 7 " A

. $+ "2 "7 "1 & ' 7& 0 * )<) "

$&+" "7% '$ 2 & & '"$1 "7% %7 2 &

2 " & 0 "7 "1 7& 2 1$" $ * 4' ' "

7& $ *% " 7 "7 ' " 7& $ 1$" $ 0 ' "&

& " "%' $ % "$ " 2$ $ * 7& " 4

'"$ $ $ $ %'"$ $ $ "1 1 0 $ $ "+ "$

'$ 'R ' % $ 7$ '"$ 9

7 " A $ "+ $ "7 "1 * % $ 7$

1$ $ ' 1$" $ 0 % * '"! $ "+ " 7 7 " >

D6 +$" " " 0 >BBAE

' 0 '$ * " $ " $ "+ * ' $ ,$ " %2 <

% "& " '"% * &' " % "1 $ 0 ' % $&! $ $ $

$"' $ $&' % "& $ * '$ ' " &% $ 0 " 7 $+

A : C 8 ? @ 9 ;B ;;

)B0;B )B0BC B0BB B0BC B0;B B0;C B0>B B0>C B0AB B0AC

"7"1DM&> E

'

B0C B0;

B0BC B0B;

>8

* '$ " $ 0 1 1 " " ' $ '"$ < * "1 0 11%" &$ !

$ % % '"$'$ % 0 ' "& " " 1 " 2 " $ $&'$" &

1$ $ '

) * %

# "& '" & " &$ ! '"$'$ % 0 $ ' " ' " " 4 &&

D && 0 ;9?B J && 0 ;9@B J &&0 ;99>E $ Z>)'[Z0 * )<) "

*$ $ !" "1 $ % * (' $&'$" & &$(

1 " " $&' < 1$ '"$'" % % + "1 0 $

''$ % &' $ !" " 7 && ' $4(7! ' " < 4

'"$ $ 2 & &$ ! $ '$ " '" ' %1 $ %" " "1

' " $&& % & & &$"' $ $7 & $&$7! " '

$&' ' " 4 &' '% 1 % " 11%" 1 "

#$ " %2 " * 2$ " " $ " < &' $ !" '$ " &$ % " "1 0

&$ ! Z;)'[Z $ % % %2 $''% D# "Q 0 ;98? J / & ,Q 0 ;9@? J P$$

0 ;9?9E &$ ! Z;)'[Z0 ' $ " && % %2 $''%

' ' " ' " & " 0 '' % &$ ! D "$ (& '$ "

$&' 4 $ E D & " 0 ;9@9 J & " 0 ;998E ) $ !" " "

" $7" ' "1 1 " " $&' " + $ $

11%" $ 1 1$ $ " % $&'$

' "& " ' $ "% $ < * "1 1$ " $ %" $

% "$ $&' &$"' $ $7 ' " * % ' $

&$ 1$" 11%" "1

&$ ! 1$ % " '" ' $ 2 $4(7% %

"1 $ '$" " * "7 1$"& δ '"$2 $ ) $&' $

2 1$"& $ ). D * '"! # 70 ;9>9E "1 0 $& *$4(7!

$ 2 * ' 1 '"% "$ "7 δ %7 2 %' "

$&+" $ ). # δ " &'$" 0 ' $ '$ "" $ %" " + %

1$" &$ ! ' "& 1 " + %0

$ * 11 % '"$ $ " ! '$ " 11%" (' $4(7% %

'"% < "1 * " 0 1$ $ 0 " " 0 $$" $ *$4(7!

2 &% 0 2 1$"& $ ). )))

>?

$ $ +"% * '"! $ $&' 4 $ '! &$ $&!"

$ $

+ # %

#$ " % " " $"" & * "1 < * &$ ! 0 ' " " $" *$

&$ ! & 0 % " $ K " 2 4 '% $

"% $ "1 $ ' $ #$ " 0 $

" " " $7" ' &$"' $ $7 ' " 2" 11 " ' 0

' ' " $4( '"% % %"$7% % % " $&' 4 2$ " &'$ +

" %" $ " $7" ' &$"' $ $7 "1

) % %"$7% % % " " < *% &$ % " "1 2 "

$ 1 " 2 '"% $ $ %1 $ 4 "1 J

) % %"$7% % % & & "$ $' '"% * &' " % $ '

" '$ (&$"' J

) % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 +& "$ & "$ $' "%' " $

' " 0 2 " + % % " 2 11%" 1

" 0 %1 $'$7" ' "1

0 $ % & "$ $' * "1 $4( ) $ $ % "

'"% + " %" $ ''"$1$ ' $ < *% & "$ $' 0

1 '" " $&' %2 % %"$7% % % *% $

+ & , % - . /

#$ " $ K " " " "1 * $4( &% 0 = 4

& " 11 0 11" $ "1

% "$ 0 D $\ "7( "$ 11" $ E D 1 4 $ 7 "7(

"$ 11" $ E0 % " 2 " $ 2 $ ' % *< *%

&$ $ " 4 $ "1 &% "! + $"7 % J D 7

7 "$ $'(E ' "& %7 & = $ " * & 7 $&

"1 0 & & '$ " $ $ " $ " 2 $ ' " " &

$ 2 " * . $ " ' "% " 2 4 77 $

" *$+ "2 $ ' " * "" 7 & $& "1 * %& Dα) >.AE

& 4 < ' ; D 77 $ 0 >BBAE

>@

&S& 0 "! "% && 0 ] 7 $ % % " " "1

" .> ' " "%1 4 $ " ($ ^0 $ $ 0 1$ $ ' " &! "

' ( $) & & D] 7 0 >BB:E ' $ 2 0 " "

"1 "$ %1 ' " 4 " '$ $ " " 2$ & 0 $+ 7% %" ' "

% 11" $ " ($ ^0 ''$" * 1$"& $ " " " " $7" '

$ & " " "1 $" % "& % 1$ $ '

" $7" ' 4'" &% '"%1%" & ' " " $ $ 0

' % $&! " $ " $ "1 " 4 $ 0 & " 0 $ $ G $

' '" $&'

' "$ $' 2 +" $ 1$ " %7 & 1$"& $ " " <

" 2 " * "'"% $ &$ 2 +" $ $ " ' " "+ $

$ "1 $ < * '' " $ * 7 '% 1 7"$ ' &

' " "0 7" + % ' "$&% " 1" "$ 7 4 2 +" $ $ .)

' "& ' " 4 &' " %" $ 7"$ ' & ( "$4( "1

%' $ "$ +$ & D \ "& "0 ;9@8E0 * & D[ _R 7 "

&(0 ;9?@ J # " 0 ;98BE D3 " 0 ;99B J 3 " 0

;99B+ J 3 " " " 0 >BBB J 6 0 ;99; J &+ " 0 ;99; J ] +$" Q 0

;9@9E 7 ++ D# &+ 0 >BBBE %2 $'' & "%

*$' $ % " ' "& %7 & *$+ " 1$"& $ " " "

"1 " $&'$" & 1$ $ " 2 "$ & DO 7 0 >BBA J

P 7 0 ;999E

1 0 "% &$ % $ &$ % " $ % % "% % '$ " 11%"

$4( D 2 E0 ' "& 4 *$4( %" & .>D _" + "7 " 70 >BB;E

7 ++ D & 7 0 >BBBE " 2 40 1$ % " $ %" $

"&$ ( & 0 $ 7 1 " " "1 $4( $ 11%"

2$ & 0 '"$ " $ " $ "1 % % " < *$+ $

* % +" "&$ ( & "1

+ ( , %

$4( ( "$4( " $ "! " " & ' " = 2 "$ &

' $ 2 0 $ $ % < = " ' & %" M$ $"7 = 11

%' " " # " " 0 %1 " " $ 4 '$ (&$"' $

1"% " 4 = '$ " $ & ,$" % " 2 4 = ' "% % "

>9

% $ " & ( % % $ $ "&$ ( & ' "&

& " &' " % $ "F " =% $ = '$ 2 &

+ ) , % %

& " % "1 * $4( % $

" " " "1 0 & %7 & * " "1 2 "

%' $ $ ( ! *% $ 1$ $ $ $ 0 $

'$ "" 1 2$" " " 1 " ' " " ''$" < * " 0 &$ 1 "

" 4G & K " 4 ' " &! " "$ ' "! 11 0 $&'

%2$ $ $&'$ $ & "% $ 2 * 2 & "% $ 0

' " " "$ " < ' " " $ $ " "% D $

$"" $ 0 ;9@?E

$ 7"% * % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 *% $ 0 & " * "

"1 '"$'$" $ 11%" 1 " ' $ &$ &&% #$ "

% $ ' "1 & $&$7! 0 & " &$( "1 '% 1 0

' " $"' $ 7 R ' " 4 &' 0 ' " 11 " < & " '"$'$" $

(' 1 "1 $ %2 $''% ' " *% $ " 2 0 '$ "

% $ '"% ' 7" 2 " + % &$"' $ $7 0 % "

$ K " & $ 2 ' " *% $ 1

'$ 2$ " % "& " " + $ * &+ ' " &! " ' "& " ' $

1$"& ' " *% $ &% $ & "$ $' D& "$ $'

% "$ 0 & "$ $' < 1$" $& E $ + ' % < & "

1$ " 1$"& $ "! $&' %& " $+ ' " * $"' $

7 R D-$ 0 >BB:E

0 % $$

0 % $$

0 % $$

0 % $$ γγγγ 1',2 1',2 1',2 1',2

# "& $4( ( "$4( &% 0 7 ++ * & %" 4 '

% % '$ 2 * "1 $4( ) $ $ 11 0 2 7$

α) .. 0 .> " .>0 7 ++ "2 ( !& "%1%" '$ "

%2 $'' & &$ ! $&' 4 $ "1 0 ' " " &$ !

'"% * 2 7 " " 2 &$"' $ $7 &' 0 * 4'" &

& ,$" " & 4 (' 1 " 4 (' "1

D & " 0 ;999E ( !& 0 '' " &' 0 "% % ' $&' 4 1

AB

'"% * % %"$7% % % & &$"' $ $7 < *% & "$ $'

2 ' " "+ " & " & "$ $' 0 '"$'$" $ ' "1$ % <

% "& "

0 & %

" " " $7" ' 7 ++ γ) D. EA % % % "& % &

' " 7 \0 ' $ 1 "&% ' " 1 O D 7 \0 ;9A: J 1 O 0 ;9?:E

7 ++ " ( !& &$ $ #>;M D$ ^C>E 2 ' " &! "

& 2

Y @08@: ` J + Y C0B?@ ` J Y 90?A8 ` JβY 9:0C:a

7 " : " " * 1 7 ++ $&& $ ! " $ $ '%

' " $& =$4(7! D $ " '"% % E J $& = & & D E $ % "

$ ! " J DbE $& = ( "$7!

$ % 1 *$ ! " *$4(7! 0 $& * & & $ '

>MA $ % " 2 D 7 " :E * &' & 1 1 $

33 3G $ * 4 $ % $ 1 "% ' " $

( "$7! 0 1 7 ++ * ( "$4( * & & ' +

"&$ ( & & D 7 " CE

+

A;

7 " C " " 1 7 ++ = '"! 6 D6 0 ;9?8E

0 ( , % 3 %

" 4 7 ++ '"% &$"' $ $7 4 7$ ' 0 2 4 ('

1 1 + cBB;d 4 7$ 1 %" " 7 " c;BBd

c;;Bd * '"! * 4 " '$ $ " " 2$ & < "1 0 "

4'" &% 11%" " 4 1 1 + = 4'$ 7"$ ' &

( "$4( + ) $$" % 0 $" 1 %" '"% &$ $) + )

$$" % '"$'$" $ %7 D 7 " 8E

7 " 8 "1 * " 7 ++ &$"' $ $7 4 7$ ' 0

1$ $ 1 "

% " 1 % * '"! " "

" $7" ' 0 1 * ('$ ! " " "1 &' & $+

. + ) $$" %

1 + %"

.

. &$ $) $$" % 1 %"

cBB;d c;BBd c;;Bd

3

3

3

A>

$ ' " ' "' " & 4 " $ " $7" ' 1

"

$ % " $7" ' 1$ " '" & !" % ' 2 S "

" " 11%" 1 " 4 7 ++ 1$"& $ $ ' "&

% "& " $ 7 " $ % &$ ! $&' 4 $ "1

' 0 $ $ ' $ + " 1$"& $ " '$ " * ('$ ! *

" " "1 < 2$ & 0 '"$+ + & 4 # "

4 &' 0 & 7 $ 11 % < ' " " '$ " $& D

2 E 1 % "& " * ' " &$"' $ $7 *% +" 7 ++ * " ' "

" " 1 < *% +" D & 7 0 >BBBE 77!" $&

* & &0 $$" 8 " 1 + 0 ' S " " 2 &

$$" C 8 " 1 %"

# " " 0 &$"' $ $7 " 4 7 ++ 0 $ '"$'$" $ 11%"

1 " 0 %' &$ ( ! ' " * 1 $ $

"&$ ( & " $ " & $ " 4 D \ 7 " 0 >BB;E

&$ 1 $ ' " &! " ( ! ' "& 11 1 2$" " "$ *

(' 1 ' " " ''$" 4 " ' 0 $ "F ' " &! " %

11 0 + 7 ++ $ * ( "$4( * & & ' + "&$ ( & & 0

4 '$ (&$"' 0 + ( " α) D. E_A0 $ " " "! '"$ '$ !

4 & &S& " " 1 0 * &' & 11!" 33 G

7 ++ 3 3G + ( " * , & $ $ ( ! '$ " *$+ $

* &$"' $ $7 '"%1%" " 4 " $ " " & % ' " 1$"& $ + ( " D# &+ 0 ;998E

0 0 0 0

"% 2 % $4( ( "$4( &% & 4 " %'

" " ' % $&! %"$ < * "1 $4( ) $ $ "% 2 %

( !& ' " $ $ % ' " '"% "7 "1 *$4( $

* ( "$4( &% "7 % "& % $ && ' " " " "

"% 1 '"% "1

0 *% * "1 $4( &% ) $ $ %

1 $ " %" $ 1 ' " &! " & "$ $' 1 I

'"$'" % % ' ( $) & 7 $+ ( !& # " 4 &' 0 * "'"% $ "&

AA

"7 "1 $ "+ $+ ' " " 7 '$ $&% " % $ K "

2 '"% $ * " '% 1 "% *% $ ' "& % "& "

% '$ & "% 1 '"% < * "1

' 0 % "& $ ' " &! " $&' 4 0 &S& '$ " ( !&

'' " &' $&& 7 ++ ' " 4 &' 0 *$ 2 " " $&'

% %"$7% % % " " 0 & &$"' $ $7 < *% &$ % " $

& "$ $' '$ 2$ " '"$'$ " "'"% $ "% "% 2 %

4'%" & 7 $+ * % $

A:

* 4 3 %

%

*0 : $ 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008;

**0 < 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000083

" # '

( ) # #

) *

***0 '( ( ( ( ( 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

+ * # ,

> ; $"& ' " :@

> > & $ ' " C>

- # .

A ; < ' " " &$( & $ D'"$ % " ;E C:

A > #" $&' * % %"$7% % % D'"$ % " >E C8

A A #" $&' % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 D'"$ % " AE C?

A : #" $&' & "$ $'$7" ' D'"$ % " +E C9

A C " ' $ * % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 *% $ 8B

* 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

A?

1 $&'" " '"$ ' ( $) & < * "1

D ( "E$4( ) $ $ 0 % " " %" " 1 " ' '"% %&

'$ + 11%" (' "% $ 4'$ % "1 ' " $ "

1 $ = (' 2" S " $+ ' " & ' $ %

' " * " "1 '$" D' " 4 &' " 1 " E

% "& $ $&+" "% $ * % $ % * ' "

$ % * " ' " * " "1

1

& " * " '% 1 0 "! &' *% $

' "1 & $&$7! 0 * )<) " $ % ' " &S& & $

&S& 1$"& 0 2 '"$+ %& ! *% $ '"% % %"$7% % %

" D&% 7 ' ' " 4 &' E $ " + $ ""%7 !"

1$"& 11 0 & " &$( 1$ " ' " 4 &' ' " $ "& * $"' $

7 R $ " 7 & " *%2 % %"$7% % % ('

1$"& $ '$ "" S " $+ ' " = & $ & " 2

11%" & $ " $&+" 11 ' " '$ " S " " '"% 1

*% $ * '$ 2

#$ " 0 $ 2$ %2 $''% ''"$ ' "& " ' $

1 $ % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 & "$ $' *% $ 1

'$ 2$ " 1 " 2 1$"& $ & "$ $' 7 $+ 0 $ 2$ " " %

'" & " &' $ $ $' & ( ! ' "& *$+ " " 4

7 ++ $ $ ' $ "F " &$"' $ $7 < *% & "$ $'

5 % $$

5 5 % $$ % $$

5 % $$

. "$ 2 %" " '" ' & 4 &% $ ( ! '

7 ++ D E ' " " $ & + < ' " " * $ $ " "% * &

D E ' " '"% ' $ & * * & & 2 * ( $ 2$

( % % $ % $ $ '" & !" &% $ " '"% ' " 2 7

' " " ''$" < '"% ' $ & #" & !" & 0 " & 2$

( ! $ + '%" " < 4 $+ ' " = " 2$ ' "& =$+ "

' " 7" && 7 ++ $" * &S& '"%' " $ '$ " $ "

' $ 2$ " % < & " 1"$ $&+" 4'%" ( "

&S& % $ 1 $ 1"$ " & 4 11%" '$ 2

A@

4 !& & 0 $ $ ( ! $ ' '"$ $ $

"&$ ( & ' "& ( % " '"%1%" & ' 7 ++ 0 %2

&% 7 2 * " ' * ( "$4( * & & 1 0 ' "

$+ ' " &% $ 0 &S& '"% 7% %" " '% 1 R

1 + D &^>M70 $ " ' " R * " &% $ E0 '$ !

'"$'$" $ ' &'$" * " %" D6 "+ $ 0 ;98> J \ 7 " 0

>BB;E

7 ++ $+ ' " " $ '$ % & %" 0

"&$ ( & 0 < ' " " * $ $ " "% * & $ & D$ Z "

3 ( "ZE ) '"%' "% ' " $ $ * & & &% $ $

$ $ "%

V ;W ^BX A _>. X . ⁾→ D. E_:⁾X AM> _> $7 [ Y ?80:

$ *% +" "% $ "! 7" ' 0 "% $ ( <

* "0 ( "$7! 7 R 4 *% '' & "% $ 0 $ " + < %' "

*% +" 2 " "$ . ''$ $" "% $ V ;W $ "% $

" $ V >W < &$ 2 + $ ' ' D (

O 0 ;998E . ' $ %" " ) %+ $" $ * & & &%

$ $&&% ' " "% $ V ;W V >W D. E:)

→ D. EA D EX . ⁾ $7 [ Y B0;>

2 & * $ $ " "% * & $ & $ <

'"% ' $ * ( "$4( * & & $ " %" & " "

%' $ $ '"% ' $ 0 * )<) " ' " &! " %1 $

"&$ ( & % ( !& $&& &'%" " 0 $ " $

" "% 1 D 4 " " $ 0 ' 0 " $ " ) $ . ⁾E0 &'

2 & '"% $ $ .>D %' I *% +" V >W ' " $ $&& $

. ⁾E D# &+ 0 ;998 J \ 7 " 0 >BB;E 0 &$ 1 ' " &! " 0 $ 2$

" % < % "& " $ $ 4'%" & $ ' "& ( % "

& !" " '"$ + % $ 1$"& $ % '"$ $ $

$ " %" $ $ '"% % 4 3

A9

6 %

6 6 % %

6 %

$ 2$ "% % ' " ( ! 0 $ ' " &! " $ " &+ %

+ ; . $ " * a ; * , & +$ 0 " $ %

$ ,$ " "! ' 2 % '"! C &$ 2 & " " " $7" ' 0

$&'$ $ & &$"' $ $7 "$ " $ " %" % ' "

' "$&% " & 2$ &% " * $"' $ Q"(' $ $ 4 11%"

' " &! " * 1$ % " 4'%" '"% & " *% + & * '

* 4'%"

a &'%" " Da E YV. WMV W V. W D E V W D E "%

; C >0; A0C ;08? e

> >C >0; A0B ;0:A ; &

A C >0C A0B ;0>B : &

: >C >0C A0C ;0: A &

+ ; $ $ ( ! : $ " $

& & % < ' " " V. W

&

2 $ $ 0 &'%" 1 * " " *% $ ( % %

' 7 ++ 0 * )<) " * $&'" ' $ ' + ( " * " ' ' $

&$ + " % 11" $ " ($ ^ ' "& ' % "

' &$"' 0 % "& " 1 & '"$'$" $ 7 ++ + ( "

$ *% $ " " $ 2" & ' 11" $ &'$" $

2$ $ $ % "& " " " $&'$ $ & % $ ' "

' "$&% " & 0 * 2!" + & 4 ' % '"% D# &+ 0 ;998E

:B

6 ++

3 ( "

D# &+ 0 ;998E D# &+ 0 ;998E DO 7 -$ $ 0 >BBBE

A8C> f ; A8;? f ; A8>A

AC:9 f > AC>: f ; AC>8

AC:> f ; AC;B AC;9

A:CB f > A:AA f ; A:AA

A:A@ f > AA?B AA?B

A:>; f ; AA8> f ; AA8A

+ > $&+" *$ &^); 2 +" $ *% $ 7 $ . + ( "

7 ++ D 11 $ & E

7 " ; ' " & % $ $"" '$ 4 a >0 A :

+ ; #$ % 2 " 4 '$ $ '" ' 4 ' + ( "

'$ $ "%1%" ' 11 $ & " 1 < + ( " <

7 ++ 0 "%7 $ &$ *% $ 7 $ 7"$ ' & . 0 $ " &+ %

+ > ' " % $ a >0 A : D 7 " ;E '"% 7 4

" 1 < 4 ' D & 4) E0 & 2 % 11%"

'"$'$" $ 7 ++ + ( " % $ % < ' " "

" " 2 ' % < A8C8 &^); D+ ( " E A8;? &^);D7 ++ E D# &+ 0 ;998E

4 &' % $&'$ $ '"% % " 7 " > % "& % 0 %

+ ( " $ % $ a >0 A : " ' 2 & ;B f > g0 AC f > g

C f >g

A?BB A8BB ACBB A:BB

:BB

;BBB

>BBB a:

aA

a>

%&11%DE

%' & & D &^);E

:;

7 " > "% % $&'$ $ ' " *% $ a > '$ "

% "& $ '"$'$" $ " 2 + ( " 7 ++

( %

&$"' $ $7 * % $ 7% %" & % " & ' " & "

* " '% 1 0 % "& % < ' " " * $ "& * $"' $ 7 R D ' $ 2

R$ E < ' " " * " 1$"&% % " 3 D3" "0 && "0c3" "0

&& 0 ;9A@ A88 M dE &% $ $ 1$"& $ "

'"$'$" $ (' 1 *% $ 0 * )<) " " 1$"& ' " 0

$ %" % '"% % "% % +$" $ " ' &$ "%

* % '$ + % "& " " '% 1 %" 0 + $ 7"N <

"% $ * $ "& * $"' $ Q"(' $ " ' " 7 ++ D# &+ 0

>BBBE 11 0 * " $ " "1 * $"+ [" 11%" $ 1

" $7" ' 0 1 '' " K " " $ "& 4 $& * $"' $ 0 *

$"" '$ 4 1 %" 0 * " 4 1 + D 7 " AE

A?BB A8@B A88B A8:B A8>B A8BB AC@B

B CBB

7 ++

+ ( "

%' & & D &^);E

& "

$&'$

"% % $&'$ $

%&11%DE

:>

7 " A "% % $&'$ $ 4 $& % "7%

* $ "& * $"' $ [" *% $ a >

$& ' % "7 D1 + 2 " #M#_BE " + % 4 1

%" % " ' " $ "& 7& "

V AW 2 Θ 4 " $ 2" & Y D#M#_BE

$& ' + % "7 D7" 2 " #M#BE " + % 4 1

+ % " ' " $ "& 3 2 "& * " $ %"

V :W

W

;E D * EV;

D;

h * _i

i

− +

= −

* , & ' " &! " -0-2 "% % ' " %" $ 2 < ' " "

%" 2% * $ "& " '% 1 %" $ $ $" $+ ' "

%7" $ * " $ "+ %" 2% " ' 2 & * $ "& 7& "

* $ "& $ D&% $ 0 / %" 0 ;99?E

h ;

= +

B0BB B0B> B0B: B0B8 B0B@ B0;B B0;> B0;: B0;8 B0;@ B0>B

B0BB B0BC B0;B B0;C B0>B B0>C

& "

1 %"

1 +

$&&

2$&$"+%D&A E

#M#_B

:A

7 " : $ "& * $"' $ Q"(' $ < ?? [ a >0 A :

$ "& * $"' $ "$ % $ $ &S& " 7% %" D 7 "

:E '"% 4 $& * $"' $ 4 &S& % "7 0 & "

$ " B0B>C #M#B " 2 0 " '% 1 $ 0 %" + 2 "

* % $ < * " D + AE % $ $"" '$ 4 a > :

'"% " '% 1 % 2 0 & 2 '$ " 7 * " %" '

&'$" '$ " a : *% $ * a A '"% " '% 1 + $ ' '

7" & '$ " 7 * " %" % 2 < * a > ' 0

" " % $ $ 7" % + ( " DAC gE0 & %" '$ %

7% %" " '% 1 ' &'$" 7 ++ 1 &$"' $ $7

$

a " '% 1 $ D&^>M7E " '% 1 %" D&^>M7E g * " %"

> ;0@: B08C AC

A C0A@ ;09 AC

: ;0@ B0@ :C

+ A " '% 1 $ %" % * '"! $ "&

* $"' $ [" < ?? [

B0B B0; B0> B0A B0: B0C B08

B0B B0C

;0B

;0C

>0B

a>

aA a:

2$&$"+%D&A M7E

#M#_B

::

) 5

. $+ "2 0 * '"! + ; + A0 & $ %

+ ( " '"$1 7 ++ " $+ '" ' & ' " 7& $

&'%" " J * 7& $ * " '% 1 ' " 7& $ $ " $

& & D2 " % 2% E J * 7& $ '"$'$" $ * " %" ' "

&'%" " $ " $ & & % 2%

$+ "2 $ $ $" 2 4'%" "% % ' " \ 7 " "

&S& ( !& D \ 7 " 0 >BB;E " &$ " 11 %'

1$"& " 4 7 ++ 2 )<)2 1$" &$ " ∆µMQ 0 %1 <

' " " " ''$" $ " $ $ & &0

$ " $ $ &$ " %7 & 1 &'

" $ " &$"' $ $7 " 4 $&'$ $ & D'"%

'$ (&$"' E 1$ $ $ $ "&$ ( & % ( !& 0 * )

<) " 1$" &$ " 0 &'%" " &' "$ 0 $ 1 2$" "

%2 $'' & * $ * " 1 " 0 $ &S& * " ' 0 $ "

% "7

% ' ( $) & ' ''"$1$ "$ "

7 ++ " "! $&' 4 '$ " ' " " $

) 1$" &$ " & %2$ 1 " < & " * 2 & "% $

" $ 0 ' " $ $&& $ $ & *%2$ $ $ $

"&$ ( & $ " &' ' " ' < ' " % &$"' $ $7 &

*% $ ' 0 "% " $ D $ $ $ % E 2 "

1$ $ ' " &! " ( ! D + ;E 2 " + % '' %& "

$ $ "F + J

) * 7& $ * " '% 1 *% $ < & $

" 40 & %7 & < * 7& $ % + ( " *% $ 0

) '"% 7% %" " '% 1 ' &'$" 7 ++ J

) 1 0 * 4 " 11%" ' " &! " " 11 * 1 $

1 " ' 1 0 ' " " $ " " ''$" V. W0 '

1$ $ $ " $ $

#$ " " 2 0 $ 2$ % $ % 4 (' ( ! ' "&

*$+ $ *% $ 7 ++ " %" &$"' $ $7 11%"

( ! < Ca D a ; AE $ + $ % " '"$ % $

:C

$ "$' + ( " % " $ "$' &'$"

" $ a > :0 " $ ' 1 + % + ( " * $

) ( ! (' 6>; &'%" " Y >Ca J Y >0; J V. W Y A0B J "%

" $ ;B ,$ " D a >E . $+ % $ $ ;B <

;>g + ( " '"% " '% 1 * 2 "$ A < : &^>M7 2 ACg * "

%"

) ( ! (' 6>C &'%" " Y >Ca J Y >0C J V. W Y A0C J "%

" $ A & D a :E % $ $ C < ?g

+ ( " $ " '% 1 > < A &^>M7 2 :Cg * " %" D ( !

$ "% % '$ " 2$ & ;B 1$ ' &'$" $" 0 '

4' " %7!" 11%" " %" & &$"' $ $7 E

, % %

, , % % % %

, % %

- * 0 $ * 2$ $ %"% 2 " &$( '$ %"% "

'% 1 $ 0 %" + % $ 7 ++ . ' '

* ""$7 " " 7 1 $ 2 " $" *% $ '"% " + $

&'$" '"$'$" $ ' " ( "1 '% 1

"% & %7 < & "% L " 4 ' ' 0 '

7" L P ) ) &$"' $ $7 '"% $& *% $ L " ''$" " "

%" + ) %' " 4 $ %' ) ' F =

"%' " $ " ' " (' ' " &$"' $ $7 11%" L

2 "%'$ " < $ 0 ( "$ $' "$ <

3 ( 7 D 3E 11%" % $ % % & % '$ " " " $&' '"%

$ $ * ' " $ 0 $ 0 '"$'$" $ & 7 3

% $ a > D6>;E : D6>CE $ '"% % " ' 2 & " 7 " C

7 " 8

:8

7 " C & 7 3 *% $ 7 ++ a > D (' 6>;E

6"$ & 4 CBBB

% $ '"% &$"' $ $7 & " " 4 $ 1$"&

4 7$ D$ ' $) 4 7$ E ' . $ " % $ $

* 2$ ' 1 " " 4 + ( " $ &$"' $ $7 $ "!

" %" D&S& " & 7 *% $ a A $&'$" AC g * '"!

* ( ' " ' "$&% " & E ('$ ! '$ + + ( " $"" '$ "

4 ""%7 " % $'$7" ' $+ "2% " 1 + " " 40

*% $ a A % '"% ' * ""%7 " % $&'" '"$'$" $

+ ( " ' &'$"

:?

7 " 8 & 7 3 *% $ 7 ++ a : D (' 6>CE

6"$ & 4 CBBB

" 4 $ "! 2 " + * $&! " '$ " '

' , *< ' " & "$ "% % 0 $&' *%2$ $ $ "

&' $ $ "&$ ( & ( ! & " &$( * "

'% 1 $+ ' " $"' $ 7 R ' "& ' " " $&'

' " $ 11 ' < " ' $ $&' ! &$"' $ $7

% $ $ % " & " ' $ 2 4 $ ' "&

% " " % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7

" ' $ % %"$7% % % &$"' $ $7 * % $ % 4

% ' D E & " 2 ' " &! " 7%$&% " * $&+" " '"% 1

' " J D E % " '% 1 &$( " '"% $

" + $ 11%" ' " &! " &$"' $ $7

:@

( * 5 %

& " 2 ' " &! " 7%$&% " ' " ' S " "% % <

' " " & 7 $+ ' " & "$ $' "$ $' "$ < 3 ( 7 ' "&

*$+ " " ' & * & 7 * 7" $&+" ' " 2 "% $ $ * 2 "$ ;B

& ' 0 & 7 $ < 4 & $ 0 $ '$ "" $ & " " "

$ "7 " * ' " $ 4 '$ " &S& ' " # " $ % 0

& $ ' " "$ ' $""% % " '% 1 "

'$ + *< ' " " &$( & $ 2 ' " *% $

" 2 0 "$ $' < $" $& D E 1$ " & 7 < "$

& $ 2 "% $ $ *$" " $&! " 11 % "% *$+ $

* & 7 %0 ' " " '$ " ' " 7 ++ ' 7% %" &

"% $ $ '"$+ !& % < * " $ " '$ *% $

% ( 1 & 7 & '"% * 2 7 ' "& " & " "

& $ 2 ' "

( & 7

7 " ? '"% & 7 ' " 7 ++ (' 6>;

2 " + 0 " '"% 2 * % %"$7% % % *% $ ' " ' '

" '"% % D < 7 E 1$"& 4 7$ 0 2 &! " &$( * 2 "$

CBB & '$ " " & 4 & :B & ' " ' 7" D + < "$ E

&! " * 2 "$ >0@µ& '$ " " & 4 & ?CB & ' 0 &S&

1$"& 7 $+ 4 7$ 0 &+ S " $ % ' " ' "

7"%7%

:9

7 " ? & 7 ' " 7 ++ (' 6>; $+ ' "

$ 1$ 0 & 7 $ %1$"&% " "% $ 2$ $

7%$&% " " '$ *% $ D 1 4 3E 1 $ K " 1$"& "%

' " $ '$ 2$ " * 4 " " & 7 0 *% $ $+ "2% 3

& 7 $+ $ $&' "% 4 & 7 ' " *

$ $+ "2% 3 D 7 " @E '$ ! 1$"& 4 7$ $ ' $)

4 7$ 0 * )<) " " %" % ' " 7 '"$ ;>Ba '$ " 1"$ !"

' + 4 7 9Ba " ' + 4 %" 4 ' " " $+ "2 $ 0

$ $ " * ('$ ! * 7%$&% " 4 7$ $ ' $) 4 7$ 0 1

+ % $" $7$ 4 1 %"

>0: 4 >0: j&

Y ;>B &

;0A 4 ;0A j&

Y :B &

C0B 4 C0B j&

Y ?CB &

C0B 4 C0B j&

Y :BB &

B

CB

7 " @ & 7 3 ' " 7 ++ (' 6>;

;Bµ& 4 ;Bµ&

@0Cµ& 4 @0Cµ&

C09µ& 4 C09µ&

C0:µ& 4 C0:µ&

C;

7 " 9 2 $ ' * ' " 7 ++ 0 $ '"$1 ''$ % < ' " "

& 7 3 D 7" E $+ ' " D E D 3 % ^ ]

$ ' E

7 " 9 '"% '"$1 ''$ % * ' " 0 < ' " " & 7 30

$+ . $ 11 % < '$ 7% !"

2 $'' & 1$"& "% ' " 0 '$ " " * " '% 1

' " 7 ++ < ' " " & 7 0 % " * 4 " " * & 7

" R '%" &! " "% ' " 1 % "& " & "

1 + %"

#$ " 0 *%2$ $ '%" &! " 1$ $ 2 % $ D "

& " E % % " % '$ " $ ' " ( % 7 " ;B '"% '$ "

' " 11%" %2$ $ '%" &! " 1$ $ = " 2

RMR& 4 . $+ "2 4 " ' " ' '$ " = &+ $ "+ 0 = 2 " ;C)>B g

= " 2 " @Bg RMR& 4 $& % " $+ "2% " 4 '$ &S&

(' $&'$" & $+ "2% " 7" +" 7 '$ " & "$ $' &'

'"$ 0 $ 1$"& & " &0 2 ' 4 !& '$ * 1 4 $

% < 2 " RMR& 4 ' % 2% 11%" $ % 4 11%"

* " $ '$ )% $ 0 ' " 7 ++ '$ 2 '"% " 1$"

* " $ 2 '$ '"$+ + & ' &'$" D ' " %0 " $

% "$ E * ' 7" ""%7 " % " 1 '%" "

D& "$ $'$7" ' E

B >BB :BB 8BB @BB

B

;BB

>BB

" + '%" &! " "%

&

&

'%" &! "

= & 7

R_{& 4}

C>

7 " ;B %2$ $ '%" &! " '$ " ' " 7 ++

11%" D " & 4 & ?B0 ;CC0 ACC C@B &E 1 ! '$ $

( ( "

1 2 " ''"$ ' "& *$+ " & $ 2

' " 0 $ 2$ $&' "% $ 7 " + ' " D * )<) " ' 7"

" 4 '$ $ $ "E & "% " & 7 " & 7 3

D 7 " ;;E 4 '"$1 " + $ $ & " 0 ' "& 2 "

B0B B0> B0: B08 B0@ ;0B

;CBB ABBB

?CBB

;CBBB

ABBB 8BBB 9BBB

>CBB CBBB

?CBB

?B &

C@B &

ACC &

;CC &

'%"&!"D&E

RMR

CA

&% $ % "& $ < ' " " *%2$ $ '%" &! " % '$ " & "

& $ 2 ' " < ' " " & 7

7 " ;; $7" && $&+" $ 7 " + ' " & "% <

' " " & 7 & 7 3 D'$ " " ' 2 & ?> ;A: ' " E

" + $ $ 7 " + *% $ "! ' " % 0

&$ >CB & < ' >>CB & 3 , *< '"! A?CB & D

11%" & " " 4 $& 7" $ 7 " +

' S " % < 11%" '"%' " $ *% $ 0 ' " ' 7"$

% &$ + ' " % " $ "2 < "% $ * & 7 3 "

& 2 "" % 0 &'S & " '"% " & $ E

' " $ $ &'$"

11 0 "$ %7$" ' " ' 2 S " 7 % " 7 " ;>

' " " 1%" " < >CB & D %7$" E0 $&'" " ABB :CB &

D %7$" 3E '%" " < ?BB & D %7$" E 7"% ' " $ " " 0

'$ $ * &+ '"$ $ "+ $"" '$ < ' "

4 7$ 2 A?0C g * " %" 0 % 2 < 1 " 1$"& D " '% 1

%" M " '% 1 + E B08B 0 " ''$" " '% 1 %" M "

'% 1 + 2 "$ $ $ ' " )

B CBB ;BBB ;CBB >BBB >CBB ABBB ACBB

B

;B

>B AB

1"%DgE

$ 7 " + D &E

3 D Y;A:E D Y?>E