Olwenya et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2019 Caractérisation de quelques variétés Algériennes de blé dur (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) par le biais des marqueurs phénotypiques
Journal of Applied Biosciences 142: 14478 - 14508
ISSN 1997-5902
In vitro modulation of clotrimazole, Ketoconazole, Nystatin, Amphotericin B and Griseofulvin by Acmella
caulirhiza and Senna didymobotrya extract against Candida spp
Olwenya Fredrick Igunza, 1Joseph Ngeranwa, 2 George Orinda, 3 Mugo Peter 4
1, 2, 3: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology; Kenyatta University, Box 43844, Nairobi- Kenya.
4: Department of Medical Laboratory Services; Kenyatta University, box 43844, Nairobi-Kenya.
Corresponding Author Email: igunzafred@gmail.com
Original submitted in on 24th August 2019. Published online at www.m.elewa.org/journals/ on 31st October 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v142i1.4
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This research aimed at determining if Acmella caulirhiza and Senna didymobotrya extracts have a modulation effect on some of the conventional antifungal agents used and to provide alternative antifungal combination treatment regimens that can delay development of resistance or prevent it; thus improving on treatment of mycoses that is currently posing a challenge.
Methodology and results: Candida species used were; C. albicans; ATCC 14053, C. duabus haemulonii; ATCC 2052030,C.haemulonii; ATCC 1609496, C.auris; ATCC 2050582, C.famata; ATCC 2037476, C.orientaris; ATCC 6258 and C.krusei; ATCC 14243. Antifungal drug susceptibility of the seven Candida spp. to plant extracts and modulated conventional drugs ;mainly Clotrimazole, ketoconazole, Nystatin, amphotericin B and Griseofulvin; was determined by broth micro-dilution and disk diffusion methods using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute protocols; with a few adjustments. Phytochemical analysis was done on the plant extracts. Phytochemical analysis showed that the plants contained Terpenoids, Cardiac glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins and traces of Anthraquinones. The plant extracts were found to have antifungal activity with MICs ranging from 0.125μg/ml - 8μg/ml. The effects of plant extract- conventional antifungal combination, was evaluated by calculation of the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Acmella caulirhiza extract - Clotrimazole combination showed synergy while the other combinations showed indifference and antagonism.
Conclusion and application of findings: This study found that Acmella caulirhiza and Senna didymobotrya have potent antifungal phytochemicals. It also found that Acmella caulirhiza extract modulates Clotrimazole. It is thus recommended that pure active antifungal components of these plants be determined and pure active components of Acmella caulirhiza be used to develop new antifungal regimens in combination with Clotrimazole.
Keywords: Modulation, Candida haemulonii, Candida famata, Acmella caulirhiza and Senna didymobotrya
