- .@ . C Bmll1'O'H'Il~;'LR flO~ol~r~ .

\....

. . _{. ...}

.'IC I~OilFUIll)~'^I A·TUl~MA.1'IC ~i\l' Ijl)Y'OF.'rill-:FIC"TIO N

01~JOS.I~ }' HG{lN~A n .

. .' .".by " "

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A,.THES l~

gUb lniH e dInpnrti n1 rulrl'l1merit-ofthe

~.,' " .requir~mtm~e. ^{'fo r} '~hO

^degree

~f

^..

UOG1'9R.

~F ~'HIl;oiOF"~ ^'-,

.

n'PJ\r~ill.~n~,.

o'!

~;~,:ils h.

l}in"F.ua:g'a

a~d

L1

toratur~

M~MORIAL··UN IVl·:R!i~T'Y·9r'~EWf:'OUNDLA.N D. . "1"976 . . ...

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^BSTRACT

r;-'

^<.

.. . ~.

^(.;',

:~"

-/::,'"

. .\ .. :. . . . . . j . .."

^{> .. •}

con rndnb~ldo.n!J·.IlS~~~na,o f '9~(l l n'I '·t.{·~ tJ).tl."ad l.U ~n8 1.

.f.ormn1..1od c~nd.prn.et19~1 r-eas on ..I doIawor1.h i ppa dIn,o- .

':

. .

' . - - \

..

l\tM·tMl\t.h~ (,;Q nt\lryp.ositlvlat't houp;ht, ;nnd:\llkoCa l der on , .h,

"~ori.', ^." r~/"~~lO~C ~f, ~ont"~dl"lon. ~~.·t~ NlO;~:"';

^.

of Cuae's,princ.t Ple.o.~~thecol ncidentlaopposH,orum.·',Con r ,:\d .: '11.kol\'myst ic ,·at·rl\t,r, l~~ ':'to8fle~ theInoono91vnh·le·~Y

th~ '·i.lP,~~

^ofn

9'ynthetl~

^l?p;!d

~~d ~p: .tran~.~R~e))yt~·

^.

vor~t\l.c'o nrad ; eSYlIlbols

.

-lORlct.ho unspoakablo~'lsthe^{.. '} .d"r e'Rm-tt'uth within

.

19r.!c

"

of.the:'andinfi nite.wltholi.t^" .

'~hO

^{';'OF,l b' of}

'U~loP.Y : .E.xp·~ea~d.·a.Miogi~a1.·~y '

^ae

t s'e : a. .

~dl'AAI,II, .mi.~~or: '~C!ln~~'

^And

JU~P:l~" ' th~

I.nr ln l.te

~e.~~U~UallY-

^.'

conr~d

^"S

wo~h .~~~ th8111Bel~e8' d\-'~~·~~:

^{dramatic'pe, .}

-of

~lie

^{nbau r-d Iria}\ln l ver alil

Pl~YhOU8e.

^{of'mul.tiple'}

~n~~~­

Ch'Rnp;i.~p, ' O~C{\~, "'~tl .mora~

··per ap90t l vlJs and

id8n~1

^ties•.

. .,.; . '" . , ., , ':' '. •" .t" .' .

in W.hi;ch~la ~ inc l,l~~ s· .be.tw~en ro\~lity}\nd.i Uue ~ on;'..aot~r

~ndep~ciatorre;ood and.e'vil, or.qe,rand.,anatochy,;'d;e~~lnar;

nnd waHn/{a·ru.ambir,u.b~~'·anli~hB~~~~• .Immersed,.i n

this",.

d.ream.'u·kff.

tlm~lf)sa ~:~lenien t

^of.'

contr~dl~t,lon~

^...

co~ra.~ ·~

pro tRr.on1s t!i.•··l~nd8mAnnnd'.~e~~e~',;init.h~lY~gn~rfln~of the't ~\ith'~f9xi.8tenoe, beccne 1.~avlng'80~ambU-l~litB·

"pont.in ~^sea.of,"Lee

cr-.

riame.'

.'T heir

~ubaequent Inted~t'.

.t,

, " . :

t-.," .,

I "

,..;~

.. _~

'

...

"

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. ^,:" ,. ,: \ ' {\ ^{, ,\. '} . ...

, ,

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^"

\

^{" ,}

\' " , ',

^'

:::::~O:h:~dr~ned:"kn~~l~:- ^{or 'ru {} ~~;n~l\' ^{' ;"\ '}

. The.widesp ad fa1

t

^{ure of}

^oriti~~

^topeecetve

^C~nro.d

119a dlj&am-lor,iel nan d\pl"ose-poet of.theInflnlte. ra t her '\

" 'h' n a. ', ~rart.~ ^{o r .i} c , ^{ra ,}

^{.c ts}

.~!l~ 8~,

^{:f 8 C,o l"J.",lC.'}

ac~oun'. ^, .~

for·muchof'themt.tra nala\tlon'ofConrad ' «eenen rdcs- 0'1' ~.\

',,"

~!,e I~Bcrutable

^{•.-f a the g\;aral}

~1ere~d;ing

^of.

h~'J\" ^{. ' \}

'·:,t~·chl ~vement:

^withlnte

tt~~'~t1{)n

^{of Western}

1~t-ter9,. 8,nd

^.

.,

:th/~1stak~~' oM~ ~9 th~t .q~nrad'· ~entimen ~~~i'z.Bd· w~mert

_. R1;ld..'the

. se,a~~n':'B,~lf.

^t

c onra~ .9 lron~e

^{dr eam-I oglc, the,.:,.,}

-: ' lodeof th e'I ns c ruta bJ:•pe desthe'oor pusof,hi s

. .worl(and prov i des He sf

gl~

^u

MerlYln~ '

^!orllla]"-theme.

", ' . ,J . ", . _ . .. ." , '' ',. '

io1Rnk :n d;.It.h eInUll19.te~

t.ian :.e·

of·(lontrad7~t1ons. · ^1a (J9nra d"s'per-enr deaBubJllC't, ' .; •

I' ". .•.. -,

.,'\,

....

...

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'

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- - . J. . ... . . . J

ACKNOWtEQGE:i~EN~S

. ' , '. " .1 . •• , ', ."

. In. 'thepreparati on"of tills dtaBerta.tlo~'I,incurred .

IllanY(~Etbt~'

_{. ; /}

. Of g'r!ltit~de .

^{.:' Spa ce}

: her~

' ^per'mlt8,' ," ,,'^{'IIlS to}

. ;9i! ~rd

.but,Q'£8"11

't oDr.c.IJ, F~ancia^•.of·Me'~orlalU~lvereltYI ^for

. ·9~~e~1ti.~1l'!~·'tI:\18 ~ork o~'-~~mradl

^{. I' F}

.to Dr. G. M.St ory'fmdDr.·D.c," pi tt ,of

~~Illrn.1al ~:

'U~l~.rai

ty : .for their

;noour~gement

^{and' ;l}

tl'l.~~

^{I I.}

"toDr.C~r81dI~Orf,8n l"of ,Roy a l Roa ds141 1!tar y.College . ';

~or ,

^expert

_.

_'

r,uldilnc~"in n~utlC~l ln8.tter~: .

^{and for}

;'r~adlng '

^.

"

. .

^{,- "}

^{' .}

the

effo.rts"ofa'.no'; l09·8 al~Or· l. . .

to _~~r

•.

N.~~trlIln "Sh~~~~ .

^of

'tJ:1e- _U~lvere1 ty

of,

LancAster ~

fo rhis..soHcl:~Udfil-andsUd8Bt1~n!JI

to'Ma j O.r G•.,W;'S,'Bro d~kY; Mr' ,Pl1trLck'Stewart,an d

ur-,The o.·Dombr owB k l' ,'cr-ROYa.l·R~ad8·Ml l1.tar yColl eg e ,'for

..reading

th!l'-,'~nl'tiBl ~ra~'~ ^of : t~ls :·d'18·B~~at.1.o~'I'

. )'^.

.

~

.

^",,-

. . , '

. .

""," tot~.e..P: i nc1 pa l-.Dr.

E:,

s.orah,am " Bnd"thEl~~anB ,

. 1)1". Ron 01~hamand,01".A. ,.Br ic kn e ll ':~r.RoyalRoa de Mi lltary

,

C?l~ege" fcir::~heh~'

^BUppo;t.and

en~oura:'~~lIle~1

^{" ,: .}

'to,

the,.l1.~rary

a'ta rt' or

the<.u~lver8~:t! Or.:B~it18h

Col umbia•.theUnlvEu!'811;yofVi c t oria, andRoy~lRo ad s .

;~1;i1'tarr C,o~t'ege,

^(or.

a·,~1·8t~ce

ⁱⁿ

~ocatlng mate~~~iB,~" 'snd'\ , ~',

to rn; d i e,

Diane,an d'fai!tily, forpat i e ntly,a"ha ring iri.my.'odyBeltY.

t-

r.

.,-'--'

o "

-:

/ 0 .,

. .

^,:

,

T-ABL~:OF..CONTENTS"

"

.

C hapt~~

^II

In:trod~~ ~iO~< ~ ^i; .:•• . ...• "~ .'. ~'

^{'it- 1.}

o . . . - - 0

·III Cotir ad,·.9'Ars'Poe t ic a'andthe Coi nciden~orulD••••• •• •46'

IIII

;ea-D.ream~r:! ·

^(1'}

7 8

IV, ~ea-Dre~,!ers^{·(:1). 137,}

.". -. Vi.La n,d.:..OrE!8 l'll.e rs•• •••,•• •• ••:. ,; 2!J1 VI

~ T~e P~';Yh~UBe

^of"the,

WOr.ld~

^•••

::. ~96, .

.

VIII Conclus: on.·•••• •.l.~.••••'•...•• .·.. )25 61b!,!,Ot\raPh~••••~:••~•,;•,.,;.~,:':••;•••:,••••~.:-.~^:3)1'

.

^/.

/

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..'.

t-: .

~ / o : 'f"

,'J-

',.

,"

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J

i·

I

,. e -

:.~

,w

.

\

\

\ .,

.~

",;

J ,

. CJ:{APTERI, :I'tITRODUCTI O}{

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~.

.;.

,I

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.s

.,

','.

cf

'

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1 .

1

~

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~f.hua

The seventh

Ii

^r

"8~W

^{change ;}moa t's ballas,t lre':"chan"i!:e,if

· tn~:er'Chan·g:

mypenhaser re d ,

'Pr aypar-donmS Iit,whoall' 80 new and.strange ....

_w~9;nte;In ferno, Ca nto.'XXV· •

. :.l~~ae~.een" " a.h~l~.-~ertu~y~~~ce_t~.e" " . of Jo~e t:.Teo~ or.K~nradNal,~~lt.KDroz.ie.ni~WS1d,' l~·Bvl ~ u~f1 hished an~ve lsst'InN~po~eo.n1-~ tlms~••:S,uspeilee.the U~Colll,Pleted' ,fi n a l work",raJ?1a8re~oft'"':O_:~art8. leave s COSlIlO_an~.'

At'tlli o.et e rn a l lyafloatl~the.GUlf,' o:'Ge nos ! anxi C!usly await i ng thedawn~ So with the-reader of conrad, aut'his:'

. 1S

a_.more

fort~;te

^{lot i}

.f~tYj"thrge

'f!.ot i ons'

r~~ln. ~t1e

stUdy·of'whi ch'

ca8t~~,

^.

~B h ~~r.8 '"

^{fi ght',in}

th~·.

da rk ne s s r.

~f

^an.:

liiie~ding '9'u~pe~ai . ~n .

^{. ' . .}

-

E1'for t8 at"eIucidatiRg.thevi siono~the Pol e who

. . " ..:,,',"," - ' , 1

de c l ared. the intention, 'be fo r eal l, to make you see,',

hav~

^{".ot,been:wantingl,Tee: s'}

'a!1~

Ge r be:-2 ,Its t

n'ea~

^2'00.0

ite~s^.PUb~i shed ^onJo~eph",con.:rad.'t o 1?67 . .var.!.~~s·^angles. ofVl~10Dh~V~y~el,d~d,. i'geri~ro~s~ang8 o~^{insights! thoa:e}

:"

, .

.J

2.

.. ..

~

(-.,

\

, ; 1':

'o,~ PS~_c,hoari.~ly.slS ~e1ng'.i~ ,

^the

asce.rida~t 1~ rec~nf

^{:fe,a r a --}

.wi tneeethe'high lywr epu tfld fullwlengt h' studies'by 'l'ho mas

.J oaer _{C19.5?),~' A~bert}

J.,Gue ra rd (1958>:.4·.'and

Be~:·rd

^C. ' ;",,<

..

Maye~ (1~?7 ;')'

^Of-the

ma:~Yl

parspec t.iveS'"

o~an t~

^the

•Conra'd·cr itic.'th a t'of ideas hasrecei vedrel a tively lit tle

Btten~ion

dur:tn(thl s per kod, Paul'WH ey 's'

~iudi"o-f' . 1954~

'.1~the?~st' PUbl~Bhed effo~,t'InErigl~sh.'io^{tre a't}~onrad ' s . i~eaB"?'OlllPrehens l ve1Y., _Per haps.c~nr~d·sdellghtfuily',~r_o!lic, se1.f'-:a:ba;e~entbe fore a"chi mi'tnan of'lat 't ers"summone d

from

the'

Sha.de~'

^to

'~)t~l~ln

^that'

·~;·h~· Re·tu;~~:··(~~leiJ " ~f

^{uJr e st)}

19

' t tansce~jl.Bntal·'SymbOl1co";PO~i

^{t1vietwi"t h}

~r.ao~E\-ot l11~miniem, ,7'.~aB '

^{be',en read}

as : a

setideal

a~dmo~1t'i 6ri '~~o

future

s~holars t.~inPt_ed ·

^to

·an~lYr.e · h ta

^{work. But,}

~UCh ,

.·· :~-~J~;;~h·C~~;:';d ;-A~i;;;;;h;-;id'C;·~iih;:~~-T----~-

. Conrad":~eNOVel lB.t~ -. . .:

, 5Jose

'Ph

Conr~d'l ^A'Paychoa"nalyt lo'BlographY~_~T.tl_~B~'~P~BY~C~hO",-:--+-~_

10glca~top ography-of~Heal"t ofDarknes s "Inp~rtitul~rseelll.~

to.offer anin,finite number of rou tes to t1ie'C o ~t'!l d'explo rer .,

. "

6~cnra "B

^{raeeecr e}

o f

^MBn...

Br~~.· ~OhnBon '

^B

conr~d ' ; "

:140d&l sof fIoln , ree~retsItself largely't~a

~ of~ephtem~HogyJ.andElohe Knapp Hay' eThePolit ic a l>

Nove l e·of Jdeeph-Conr a.d.(-196J)-concentrate,sal~o lJt, . ' . I

{~~;ug~~~;~I~na~~~~:f~~;J~~~:~r:ti~:ida~~ ~~:~~l~~it~olation

^,

7Lett~te' ~rom

^{os eh}

c·on:r~d

^Ie''.1

2 '''': e·~

^••

,E~~~J:'d

-Gar n et t ' p, Let,tar"0 Janu~ry 18 9~~'

..

^~

--.

'1 '.

, - 'i. "

..

':':;'

"..J

. .

_-:~::;.

...'

. .

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....

--';'

.

^' :} 'dOe~ not.:"~lJ~~,

^{, "}

:_o^,'~ave^{. ,}~een.:^{- .ther~intention" .'}

oi'

^.thlll';:mti-t~me,-:;·~.f.^{~ :-"'':} .

^:r<,

.

^.

','^~.

^{' ",}

1-^;:.:'

com.mll~d9r

^..

p.r;(,~he ~ar:II6'.~ ~TrO e~lIl~'.

^to.the..

~ra~t

^..

^{O ,f', ;,y : ': ._.} ,)~ ^.. 't;(}~'l

flet16n','1.n.:,h1s.WOr-dll, 'a'lIlln of fo,r,lIlsdcharact~r'.and'", './

\. y-:

, _::,::~::::.~~:::: .~~~:~::~:1:'::~~:";:rr:}::'::~~::<: :~':(: "' ,'

.pt·ll~i~·;,:thO~ght;-tO th~

'\1'\81Y'Si1ll'

or

hie

:Vlsl~~, :·fi;.d o~·~:

^:'.,

: ;t'~·~~·r;': ^{, , ' . . :}

:'.~ : ' a~,)?'~~:{~n~ ::o:~~alli~n h~-~ 8~pr~'~ae.~ ~1'8 ' ~~~.r~ .:rs~ ·--riov~lt~.t~/:· " ~30'

^•.;-:,

~::':~1~~_',

"~ho

.

·mad~~.~ubl~:(l'·1:heir^;~~--;:'-\".

.. -

/.l unr~a8on8d:t-, ".'. . .8motlo n8..:.

.

tha:'1!"1~ .

.

~ho

'

.. :)

_,dl? no:

~ite wl~~:~,. Be1t:cont~olot ll..qJl~c.~~lc.art~B~lo

, 'inte~tlo'n .9 .And,:aa:.crl·tloa."ave 'generaiJ,y~lIlPha81iedwhen

:"·~:~~~ ~¥l:;~~~~i~:;f

'. "' .. : .." t~atth~S.A.~dY'Pro.po~;8'B,}to seekso~e l1ght:~";p;t h e 'wQJ"k :'.:.:;2 '~

~ 7; 5 ! ~t~.:: . , . ~~~*;~:~ ~'~~~;E

;...

P;~/9~; ' ~_ ,,-;:

.; ~-:!~~' .' .:

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;,~.

- '.

'- -

'i ' "" '~:

.. '.

,~'

F .

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^'

.~.

, \ , .

,)':C6;,but,tomak elIlen~.!!!the'truth, 'themoral,'di scove ry

.:'w~lch,s houl d be theob j ect,afevery taia,'1nthe werde

'~ftheEnP:li~hTeach er'In'U~derWes t e r n,EYes.15•T~e'vis i on

of ·t ruth .'as'Conra dwrites'inA·Per s on alRe~ord'. 'ls amoral

..:,:;"'en',d

In ' itself.,~}6 c~>nrad~ s, l,s~p~·riori~Y7'to ,_h1a ' En~l~h . p·­

ccrrteapora r-aee,whoheld o:p,nly.cr secretlyan eth lca lo'

.,b.ll~f^".,;u"e e"Ed,,,r dca r no"t,

,i ••

hownli n the 1opar-

" .v.

:--'t1~11~Y 'lrhl,~h ., :'r~c tng, itQPQrtur~a'bl~ il~i

^the

coi\~Uctln~

^"'

.\ ~,' :,..imp~,l~U,'of htillla~na~u;e .rafu~.ea'~c~b~,bia~eed,ln,f~vour '\ : 'c,r ~me spec ie s cf manr~the;;;h~n'anc t he!'. ' 7 And Be J \. 'Conrad: wr Lt ee"t'n't he'Author ' ,sNot eto,Cha nce ,the art

or't he

'~o'~~l1st

^{le 'no}

;on~eJ. :'j'ustlfi~d ~Y.

^the'assumpt i'on•

.s-" 's omewhe r e:ano.

8clfleh'O~'; "

^{dr:,a'dida: ti}c purpp,se'. ,18,'·R.B.

, ~f..~'m'" " ' .. , " ,

, r" •p,unninl?.!!.aal.e~niC"e.,lYsumma'r h eta,·I th.1nk~^{the matterof} th~

,'"

~',~~.:",-"

^r

3 ti ~d;;~;;;~;;~-i~ ;;: -~: - ' 6; ~~ -;--- : --- . ~~- --- , - -~. ----.:

.,.'. ,16A

Pereon~l , R~~~rd .

^p,

~J .

^{'. ,', " .\}

,',. ' 17"Conr~d':sPl a cein Engli sh>L1t~rat~re ~....C'onr ad

's

'Pr ef ttoe s'. toiUs'IiO~kll,(19?,1).. p,2,5 .,'.Repr1~t,:,o~,1,?)? ~,~~:lo':l..,,~~,", '",; ":"~'

: 18

A u

'thor'' fNot""'e to Ch~nce, ^p.Lx,As~'h~Prerace^{to The} . Nigt!:er of the'NARCISSUSsncwe,Conradwallmuchconc e rned,wIth

• justl dcatIonof-hls.-ar1j~. See'aleo,Aut hor ' sPI"efa ce.The ,Se cret'Age ntI',','I havealWays had a pr openel ty to justlfy,roy .

s.ctIQn~ ~o tto def e nd . ,To,jus tlfy;-,' (P. v111)r and the Author' s ":'io

, ~~~~~t:l~~~~isW~~:~jn~~nj~~;i~ri~l~~~~~~ci~,~~~Ct~~vi~1

_{• " . • I' •}

.

J

' \

\

....

"

.' .6.

'. .relationship'?:r::nlC~r~l1tyan6·Il.tt tn c~n\A.d, 'C~rirad nev8r~ .~

pre~ChI9B. ~ut_

onf y

holdsthe.mlr;orup to: nature, for,men • .\

.to

'~ee t.he·lllBei'f~s~:·

^and

dr~w:

^such

1l10r,:,,~ 8;~'

^{'t heycali,.frolQ.'}

thelr'o~'faQes ••~9

Th~'s"t udy ofConrad'8'Philo8 0Phl c~1corrrext;~1B'/l:ermane

~.eo-t~e.~tu~j'0.1'his fiction. perh~pBthe,simpl e s tlD.e.n~

of·illustrating this1s to observe how the assumptionsof'

r

.jtcrl1::1"0;when at,

'xa'rlanc~'

^with

" .th~8e>:bf : ~he ~~i

^tar,he

8x811l1.nn.may'leadto'~ 8~ntl!lrpre tat l on~,o~, ~1ta~ wt:1ter.~8 work. oavldnetenee , for example:I 'fi nds8'c'ontrad~'otl on 1n Conrad's thou.ght aridartl

~~1~~ . ¢bnrad _{~ne1~t8 'ih'~~}

.

".th,sauthor. '.mus'i'

P';e~erve

^{anatd'tude arpa'treot}

i~dltf.e,ren,oe,;2 :0 '

\. he a1eo'ol,a.fms.

~~.r h~~oelf

^ae

.~ ~rt1et .

^"the

r".oU1~y

^{of so .'}

,much1~91gJit a..~^can be l'IXpr,essed1~^{",: voice}or sYllIpathy and

o,otnpa~aion .

^;21

Th~"

^ve;dict

~e 'Ole~rl

^{'He.did nottie} up"thee.e·,c,ontradiot ione'into a

Phll~~oPhical

'e,ys t em --

'c~nrad',"

~8

^no'philos ophe rr-but:aJ;lowedthel'll,t'olive,sideby'

~ , ,~2 - Da{~h~:

^{'s e ems}

t~verlook

"the possibility

t~a~ o~e

^need

,~~t

--

-.~.r~p;;f;~';-t~-T;

i;; -

~f

-H; .;;;;;

~-;:-~1--

---

~

---

~.-

-- ---

, '20Aubr y , vol.r, p •.302. C"1ted

by _'Da1chee~

";oeePh'

Conr~d,",The Novel and thei10de r n Wor ld(1939)I p, 5~.

21 "A

Familia~·prefaoe

^...A

P'er~~rial·R8eord.

^{p.,xv , Cited'}

by Da l c he·s ' p.58. ' " ."

'.

'22Da~che8.

^{p ,-58 .}

, .

">:

^7.

~e a."~rofliaslona:C p.h1108~p~er

^{to Illllke}

a:

phi

l08o~~loar

ut t er nnoeIalao. heeeee a. not to6,c~no"'ledge^tho.ff'~,t·. t~Rtoven9YBtemB.t1~ PhH080P,h.~:S{r"9qUently.•~al~'.to',t,.1 ~ up oontradlc.tionB. It'1eworth,l"11't lnR he.rethat,a~

Mort'on Za be l eteervee ,Conrad·'a t wa y'she l d.the v1s1c:mary or- -Phl1oEIOPh10

~ende~~le8

^of

n~tlon

^u!'dal-

~usP1_~10~·'

^,2)

AndRob e r t Hodge8, pursuing a similar-UneQf thought',

~xam.ln~B ·Conr~d's r~8ervati~p.a·

-about

P~l1Bh

:o1esala nialll

,' ~

1ntho

' lette~8

_,

' ~ollected

'by ZddBlaw Naj'der.

.

24.This

. 1~ :

~o.t:.Eo,.." ":,howe v e ~.;t,hatconr~d r~..tect'ed.suo~.te~de~c1e;8~

.Ashe remarks in tt}e preface to-A'Pers on~lR,cord, h~8very'

.,ef f or t s'to wrl to illlafl:i~'tive11 terattireof thehlghe~t

.~~aiitY . ~nvolv8d

Iltrikln(l';

~argaln ~lth. ' 80~e gr'O~8~qUe

d'evli,'I\'ba rr, ai nheapproachedwith

l~hllke'

^{i\nd "}

d.htru~t. ,25' .

'.Sus pi c i on.'for.BU?.'h a complex.

wr~te~

^{,8SConr ad ,18·}

~'~t

^t,o

be'con fu s ed'with sllllpl'9:rejecdon. . .

in'raall

t~': .

C0n.raddId

no~

'1"ndU-l ge'·In.

the unoFlti ,Q~l'

-

_.~:a ^{2 j:i} ~;;~~t~ ^{i i} ~~~:-T~;-~~;i;bi;·c~~;;~~ ⁽¹⁹⁶ 9'):~;: ^{-1 j:-.}

. . ·2.4The

ou~i

Herl tap:e'

o;~

^Jo;'eph

Co~rad

^.(

1~7ll

^Chapter

.I~.. '. _;. . I .' :.~. ^{. ') _ . " . . •}

.~5"AFa mHl l\r Pre' rac fl. "APerson-al Re oor d , pp •.xvi-'

r

^{l1i. .}

B•.cunnine;.hame,olted In theori tiqus.C~nrlld.f e.speaking

~o ' -~h~ a~bject

of a:rtist10

' ind1fr'eren~e,'

^{,t he}

ob·jeot1v1ty ~

.

Or.·the:·creat.Dr~

^,Z6:Whllt Matthew

hrnol~ termk _ ' dla1nter~

e ~tedne8e', '

^whIch

.~'tiitulda_1B ;o~ neOOtl~~~ilY i~oompat·lb18·

^..

w~i:t\;-ey"!pathY

^and

comp~fl8~.onl

^.a'sthJe

haI}.eqUin.O~B'tu;ed

^L

~u8~:~n·. ·Be!lllllln

^In

"He~rt or·D~rkrie98"

^,And'the"Haldin'wOrUGI1 1n Kjnder Western Eyes,seen in thelight orConr a d ' s own

Ufe',.

,

,

^'

may rf'lRdlly Lll~strate.

,r , "

contrad iotionsoutli ned"by Dafohes . In thelette'rto R.

8, .)

,j', ;

,,'

..

,' ' . -

.

Dalchea,;;havirl~'ohar ged'Conr adwith.'deny-lnp;"th~logical im

p

i i c a t1 0n a of

~i~ att1tud~

^t'o

h~8 9h~raot·er8,

^;Z?

~1?81!l~~C

i_ntwo novels the artist icresultiofhla alleged intellectua l

!Jhortcoming"I.'·

Hiostoryof virtueuntTiumphant, or'patty . .

vice.and greed.and ...111ainy det;eating- vJ.taHty ,

Rnd happiness and~oral'worth --this'story , .j;

~~te~i~~i;d'o~~c;~r~~ ~~-o~f,o~~v1~~1~no~fi~~~~iBm;

He managed to lQaketho story·end- on a note.of triumph . And 80 he did withLord Jim, alsoa . sto~'-- frolll one-aspeot at leut-- of petty .

.fo'rea of ,evll finally'v~o torloulfover- roman1;io vir ue, nutConr a d managed,to, infuse into .

' --:-26-~---_·~--~_·_~-_·:.·;--'---~'·_"·'_···_·_---,,--4.J '

. Aubry,Yol, I, p. )02. Cf. ':'AFal'lli ~l. ar'pr e f aoe, " .

AP9r s one.l Reoord , pp , 'xvf-xxf • • -. ' ., ,

2?DRlohes;'p,·60.

'\

-,.~ e.

.

...

the st or yl!Ioms th1.ng thatWIlSnot"warranted r~ ~~~ ~:~~8w~;t~1;hiie~28en~e'.t~8t eo"~ehow

I ' •

.Tho 11ter8l victory ofthe immediate princ ipals, Rlc$rd o ,

J:o'" n~s:- F,~_,dro

^and

Gontl~man

^{Brown: Le,In'}

fa~t

^j

eq~~vooa~ :

Heyet, the taniederai lne, literallyoutlives:the obrnpoeito'

··'b eD.s t of prey'lookln~^{upon 811'.}t~e·^to.me,er eeeue eeof~he o~rthas-!.te'na; ur'a lvlo~lms-.~29ber or e'oommittl nghims elf to'the flam~sI

and

Gent lema,n;:ar.own•.i~e~"aooompan iedby ..

t1:\9.harrowlng

'~peotre '~r

'8 Span ishprhon,,JOis

re~rded

with Ii

t~rrlfyi~g

^{ord ealat'seaand}

~,~~n8tro~B.,

^{dea th'i n'}

a.Bangk~khovel. Sehomberg1n exiie andCornel1~8"tn deat h.

eharean'equa llyequivooa l'vloto;oy',

D~lohee ' s'tdoturoe" however"are not''0 0wro n g- heatle d intheir.

COIl(l1~e1.0ne.

^ee:th'ey.•are 1'ntheir8.seumpt:ions . 'The :'I10\ory

,

of Ji ni' and Heyet 18 theviet ory

.

of'self-Xnowledge, .forgood or·f or evU; bothof whl.ohar8'ambigujJuB. As Conr a dw'7'1teeto Sir ' Sid!"e yCo~vln (16'"'.ar:oh191?L 'Al l lI\yconc?rn has be~n'wi t h the."ide,al "Yai~~,O.fthings ,~vent8f

. , . I . '. ,

."--- -2

a o;i

~;;;;:

-

~:-

6 0:---"---:-.---:---

-~

.'.

, 29VL6to~y. ^{p,269. '} :JOLo~dJl~;.^p,.J56/

<

10 ~

an(peoplll. ;That and

not~inR e.l;e . ,'~,l

^H'b ,pr l lll8.r y

o~noern .

'.,

~~a8'not

^{been.wlth_'material'}

valUt8~ '

^{Capt ai n}wha l i ey ' g

acute8~ghtt"n:~lindne Bi!l , for eXaIIlple, ~ulitbe'oo'n~idered a no" segul

t~i\~

^termsof

~a1 .

^oh'e,S'

a~,B . U~p1:10nB.' n 3i '.her

linear loglcnoI,"lIurfao efao~B aooountforl,t. What th e ,critic 8U llIB

~o~

^{to seeh:}th"t the

ooi~o1"denoe

^a•

^{ir t uG ,}

.~}lt:linessandl'enligh te nmenth fQrei gn.to'Conr ad . Conr ad, .

,, ;;':. th~ .novi e~, 's~l ~or

^•1n,the

·TREMOLI ~~,.

^a.

8'llil-8tY~.e.d

^'i1autic81

eB,Buist'

. .

t'l'Ying't o^.:e xplai n

.

why hia^. .

ShiP

^,'wa:s^.,notbe~nis

"...

9hli.s ed

.

'PY'8ship.,or.~h8SP&n18h.o~8s tguard•.wassel~~d90e.1V~~ • bec~us e^{he'railedto.take} Int~~^aooou.nt'C88Ba~ ' !treaohe r y.~

aA,dthe

u~p.redlq7abi·11~Y ' :~f' ~~ents)2

^{,'·'Lat er,'·B9'oa'}

~lIt~r .

or th,ecr~r:^or rict~on^{•.conrp.d',wall to}gl v efti llexp~eBB'ion to,thecenv~ otionth~t^{,rat i onal ,}.surraCe"inqu~t1^wasn~t the \lay,.t e,-tr uth.'

Abrfef survey of'three: ot hermajoro'r1tloa ,Bu'~ests that~Bsu~p~ions1I1I!lllllrtoOll1 oheiJ' are'common inConr e.d ,---, I~~~;;'::,-v~

i: -ii:- ;:- iss:-

^~

i; -j:

~A:-p~i;;;-ri~

;;;--;:;-;;;;-

been th etendl'noy of_rece n t stud1ea to'igno thiopol n t , _ Jos e hConr lld'sFi c tion.,AStud in Liter a h(1968),

p. .

J21'h~

^{Ml r;ororthese;,p,}

~7).

'

.... .

. \

' .11 :

·cri ti ci sm. . F.'R.Leav1rJ•.

~n

^'an

inrluenii~l ,

^anal;sis·•.-s t att8

th~t c'on~ad' ;'ftltn" ~d~'~

^{vi r tue of}

Obsc~r1t;)J

^.Sucha-

:~ ~

Bugges tl on

~s .

hardl y cons1et ent'withthe'ide nti fication,of:

"

~iaubert '

^aBCc rirad · s_{, .}

~s-ter..J4

_. ^{-'I tahoull)}

" . b~ ~~nti'~ri'ed

^'to".

".,'C on~ad ~B,ct s d l tthat',.ne~"rltl,:!Sriatl~n; hspt-aot~ lI8 d'

what he preach'eal "the\{d'elt1,

o r·

^perfeataccu~cy ~^I.'wo.rd e

i~

^direct.

reb.tl~n

^.to

thln~s and:~act~ ,

^,J,5

N~.wne~e·

^{,i n'hie,I '.}

e~~ays . d~ee

^he.enter

,~he , ~ar~ ~1~~

^{of,' qui,et}

' ~n~ ~ldlngheS~ , ·

^.

',&.suggesti onofacertai ne",pti n.lI s , ' 'conllummat~ull"

"ine~1table n.turain~8lI,

^.:

~d

^"e xqui s itely

~~'~Slt1ve:\'"

^'.'

" .

Qr1epneq~

^..,J6

·I; a~p.~~~B ;~at

^Leavie>

~~ile· '~~'~cf~i:lin~ · .i;

^'..

vbw or'SOlleMeri t Bndsubstance,'as~u;88'^{Conr ad to.bea}

·'realis t.;'a"'write r of surface

f'~~ts

^and

8ur~.c

^{..:109;C, then}

-4_",

~r~u'C1z~8 h~~

^for

lB.PI8~ ~c'; '

'%'e8.118'","4n1;0 the

'.l in~~~ta~le· >J1

.', ' '.

'.

,."

C. ~: cor"c.rr~re.a.'~blla~cr itiqu e~r,Lea v1a ' vie'!.and

!I'et esorConrad '."r:lc t i onth; tit lsar!learcl).·"to~.

an.

--~:-~~;;;;-~;;;i.;~;diii~;;-ii9;8j:-;~:;i~7:i8~:--~--C"~_~_c

. I.bU. "P: 190~ . .

J5"Outsl de Literature, ".La s t 36l!!1ays ,~p,.40, "The Un ~ lght e'dCOlls t .,"La s : EB8ays,p~. ., .'.,'

J~L~8V;h., p~ .

^,197.200;

'2,~9' .

^{2il,. . '}

.' .·J7Ib id,'.

p p ,

17?-18~ .,,.R~be'rt' S't~ll'man'·p'olnt~'~ui^{a similar}

procedure!n.t ht or l Uc1sIn ofPh1i1 p Rahvi "Fictionand Its'... . OrlUc s l ARe plyto Mr,R8hv, ",KenYonRevi ew.XXIX (1957),

.290-299 . " ' . , ~.'

.~:

\ , .

- .'s,

.J

, .

1._

-.,... .

'.-

^{. '}

...

'--

.'

":~-:"

,I.

.'~

.

,

. . "

".

arti s ticformto;capture '.an-ewar ene ae_beyond the area'of

im:nedlate.:B9n~ation. "J8.

^{'I n}

a#, m~er simli~r

^·to··L.e aVla'"

~ ~

, ' :;: - ... ^. ,

T

~

_1nt

h

^mas.t'pre t ing..-^MOS.•..".'

'_In.')>

··tosee'

.'l~

^..:,.el,t her.^{n.tere.•..tin}l1 t e r a ll^{g.t udy}y or

~' co.n~.s.~~'a,

as voyeurism,

mhOgyny.

"pr !sea.the

~·ea~l~DnraM . ~or

^hle.

~ psye'~~~Cal l::'ea~18m. ' ·

^'"j

dchi de s th e'Ilater' for failing toaccount tor

' improb~ ~,

bSbll l ti s.:.':'dfor som. ;imea'alling.'to.distinguish

; :~

b~'twee.n il~UB1.0n ~nd, real~t,Y~

^{.•39'Th?Oh,B1"ge}

~s ~at1rYlng~

^.'

.: .~ t

for one of

Conr~sl's

^{constantthemesis.tltat any}

dl.stinctl~ 1

~etween

-u::lusi on andreal1tyIs ambi gUous

In~

^auni ver s e of

~\ -~

impr obabilities. The'charge , l~onleallYenou gh,~yreo a ll

.th e

'reV9 r1s.~ T~avars' c~ldll)g

^»t

d'

A; c ac er inThe"Res oueI'

' 'l~ti

have -ios t·a l i sens e or reaiity , .ofprObability ,,4-0 It

. . . . ,

^.

isintere stingto noteon the,s~bjeot of'appearanceand tru:ththat~o s~r"findsConrad 's10SBof,twobr anch es.of"

a candel ab rs1.n The Arrow

or

Gol da"s ign'

or

growing

".

deblll~ty;

^4-1

~h,lle

^{failing:to .}

mentlo~,

^that

in Th~ ~lgg'~r :

•-r--

·jSj~: :-h -C~~;;d;~ ;;;;, . M~d;;~ -i:;- ⁱ ~;ii~~-(i9.?4)~ -;:- 4~:·

J9Mose , pp ,176 ,·128.15) '"

"4-°TheR~9cue .''p.,J52,.

q.1Moser. p'~19O:,

"' ,

.

".

~

,I.

13.

:()f the NARCISSUS"!l1\'earf~wot;lt'{'Co1\rad 'hasthe rea'derof' .

1 13~lwer-LYt~ p~lham ~nable

^.'tO..

~l~ hia· ·~ame~.

^{Arid',IlI.OSer}

himself_, (t h:ough_{. .}euc hL e_.under8tandabl~

.

iil.~iew 'of^. the^{' /} intri.cac1esor Conrad'ste~t)lsnot withoutfactUal error., Por ex~ple;^"he~reBe~ts:1I~^{in ..}

sri :

^{analySisof- T.he},~e8cue wUhan 'unh.ttered Lingard' (who, in'fact,hali'readthe

~~ n1~d) .~.~ aii 'Amy, FoBt,~r

^with·a

:.cap~c1tY

^..'!Or

re8o:1.ut~ ,

^.•,.

aotlonun/i!.eretre8~'~(·Who,in faot,th~ough'lnact~on; 'did

~ot,preve"ntthe 9rime'.), 4) and a Jewish tugboat skipper: '0;:.

(w,ho,Le;'inf!act,

~ 'Dutch

lieut en an tof

~ "~~b~~t) ,44 ~. ,.

) 't hir d influentialoritic,M~rvlnMUdr'i c.k,'~dltor,^of,the Twant1eth-C~n~un.-Vi,ew~,^o611ectlono!"e SSays.op.conr~d, ideJ;l...t=1fi~himas'a 'realist , '.and thus"under s t anda blyfin ds' .

hi~ freq~entlY 'na~cis'aiBtlc '

^prcae

' lUdlcrou8.~'45

^,

~n

an~therarUole, ~iudrl.c'k b~rate~Conrad for )Jrooding over

--~~-'l~~~;;:~';:-67;--T;;~-R~;~~;:-;:-;;:--T;;~-:~~i~~~~;;~~:.-

Lin ga rd' appears inA'n~f,theIslands, p, 198, Moaer'S ,CBIJ& , whichrestsalmos t entirelyon·t heoomparison or ~arlyarid';latete xt s , isserlous lyweakened by euen an error • .; 43Ibid., P.'91,"Amy

FOBter; ~ TYPhOO~ ~d

^{Other'St ories,}

p. ^109.

44I bl d'.,pp,101 ,122-12) 1"Freya

of

^{,t heseve.ri}Iale8,~

'Tw1xtLlUldandSea', p ,159. ' , .

45·Int,rodu6~lon,

^..ConradI A Collec'tionof,Critioa,'i .

Es s a ys(1.9?6 ),pp.4,5. •

"

j

.1

\.

. . .\ I . .

the ·InCOlllPreh\en.aible l·an~the .. TW.~c~lt1.c'a h~althy'reslMJ,anc eto l,ndul ge the'sometl meaexaggerated claimsor'

J~n~ian lilna.lY~t!'l'

^{.whc tend}

to '

c'onru s e'analogy

'

6 r 8itil~ ntude lith Id'ent~ficatlon

^{inthe '}Uncons c i ous,"

" ' " \' .;....

.

alsohas the unfortunatetende ncy. itaeeae to me. of

. i . ' .

requiringthereade r to dlscardall.butthe most,11te r al-- min ded-viewsor:,

con~ad l~ A~t ion:thuB

^{d·otng an}lnj us tic e

" .' ' .

.

^{. ,' ..}

't oth~demonstrablYlllulti -laye red'na:tureofCon r a d.'e-ar:t~.~ . The stUdyof

c o~'rad,

^{'who "}

' confronte~'

^{bythe •••}

enigmi'{1oli:a.w:~,"-~

spectac le ' ot

t~e unl~e~8.e ~'deseerided·

^{':with i n}

.hi~se~~ I · 4';'

h"p;'rhaPB bett~,rfoundedon PhlloBoPhl'cal'aaauap-tLcna consona nt.wi th h'is own.

• I . '

Conr a d's ficti onisnot'Phllo8oph~c al inthe~anrier of George El1o~.:,l~ered1tht^{l'Ie llB,Huxley.or Z.amiati n0}

·Vic t ory·,.wh i ch 'mayre~lndthe'reader of,Th eOrdea:lof Ric hardFever si'intha 1:ft

,~res'ent~ ~he ~ra~tio ' te8~

of a

Ph11osoPh1c~1

.^system,, "^{'1s an'}

ano~aly

^in:

.

^this

r~8pect.

,~.:,~-~zu;:~~~;;~~;~dw ;;;;; -~:r- c; 1 ti~i;;~: - _;;d;~~ -R ;;i;; ~~ vii.

(19$4),419-426 .;See also, hts artic le , "TheArti st 's

g.:~~~~;n~ic~1~n~h;INtff57l~f2~n~i;~~rg~~~d'~; ~~~~t:~~~h-

^.

.taken 'up withhis, metaphys icsto go much beyondmer ely

st at in g1to'

47F~e.face^to'\rheN~gpjer^{of the}NARCISSUS .

, ',, ";

'0;.•

:;

-,

J • .

I .

15•.-

.'\. 'Wr i ting

to

Edwal:'dG«rriet~; hisi~tblate'friend'a nd 11 terary

m~nt·or. · conr~d

^flatly-

j~dgeS

^·,The

Retuni~

^.(Tales

ci~

^Unrest)

tbad.a~t ·. ~n that~it~. ·~molD.~nts ·

^seem..

~o ' hlm creat~d

^tor

't he illustration of t'fieid~a·14.8tho~gh.In'a'letterto R.B.Cum,lng hame,Gr aham, ConradobserVeB . 'I don't'e ta rt with

an

!1b;ltraet

haiti .on.

I,startwith

der1n~·te lma~;~.,49·

.But'theee statementsar e themselves

Ideaa'~

^{as, Paul}

wiley

.... . . . q ' . . . .

illustratesinhlatr e a t me nt of Conr a d',~.',~ osmie.image ry~I

The's o'hola r'a oonclusiongoeswen:beyondtt'econsideration

".' -

.

^'

.

?f

lmage ~in,1ts elf ,

Ttle view of,manas

a

Umlted beingis . centraltothe drama'In the bl,llk-ofConrad's fiction. 'It18a belief whIc h insp ires ', ' the subtlest ironiesaewell8111·t ne·.t ragl e outlinesot:soIIlllJ1Y'of histales. Itisalso..

at the r.oot of'h18,pertep ti on that harmony .

j. . ' .

ofmind and lnstinct 1s essential tothe completeind1v~ dua1, 5 0 " - ,

The

s~udy

^'o'f

medium,~e.

^-en

~~B10~e

^{qf thOught,,of'imagesas} i!'1~~rnatr'?~.9i~0.r·tdea~~has provided'-i~^thi'sca s e an'"id eal "

protractorforthe'~l~tt1ng,ofC.onr a.d ' s'eonceptlJal 'odyseey.'

'-~-~:::::;:;::t~:::::::::"::;;~':~~~:2::;::: i::~::~:-~

ed•.?~'l'-.·Wst t s 9.9,p,. Lett.~rof ·F.~ruary .5°,11&, .p, 1)

. _. \

_\

:

_.

\ _..

_\

16.'

·

.

.

.

,

A!J the,

~nglbh Teach~r

cbe e r-vea-In Under

w~'ate"rn

^EYes,'

~l\ ' novel~9·t-C· 8l

^•••bellef is

uuid~ aUfficie'~tl; manite8~

b~

^"a

tel~i~r, ~hr~8s , . a

poetlc

~mage,

^{'t h'e'a.ccs nt}

'~f ~~otion'.

^05.1.

A~_:or t~.s'

^;·..

wr~ter Of"P~~8e.'

^as

~or

^the

'P~~~'

^,:

~onrad ~1:te9

^.

.,(~nAPe r s onal Record, 't ru t h '.~8 'o ftsn'dr agg ed out of a

w~ll'

^and'ci"othedin'the

paint~d,

robe."of imaged..

Phra~ea. ,5.~

.. A·p, rsp. c<1ve

wh.l~h

^heS'·been

ov,rlo~" d '

In··cony,nt!onaJ.\

C.onr a dsChola7's h ip as pr~c.tieedⁱⁿth~1Jnited'State-~ ~d';

t,hsUn iiedKi~gd~mIs that of.his~inshlp·withCal,de r on dela.Bar .ca., Jocslyn,Bl;'in~s , for ~xampie: al~o",sbut one I!le~tenceenCa l ds r pn ' stl;\eme~~'LifeIs a Dream,t while dedi ca t1'nll;

~ome four"p~ges to,'conBi ~;e-ration8 ~'f-

Fl a ub e r t ' s'

i~~IU'~,rc~ :53.- ·~ o~rJ.ld. i~ '~8 '~e. o~e

^.noted

that,~

^..'.:

-.t en t a t1 on deSa i nt -Ant oi ne and L'Educat1onsentlmen:tale:"'

:pr ovi d edhimwi th 'mode l s;but,'~ni~ fro~ ~heview of the

~ ~end,eri,~g'

^o'r

c.~.n'6~e.t~' :hin~~'r ~~8ual '1mp~e'ss1one'~

^:54'

';--1"-3I~~~:;-w;;'t:;~;~:::;~~:~i62:~--;~---~-:-~:'>---,,--_:'.-

52A

~eraonal

^{'Recor d,}

~~ : ^{93. , - . , .;..}

53oae

'~.~ o~·~adl

^A

C;~~1c

^{1 i}o'"r a h (1959).'

pp.~45-

146,.14 . 0; 2, -.90, 27. hough Ba nee mayhave considered'

Cal'de r cS'n ' s ' 1ntl uence"and foun little l,n it, he does not gi ve an accountof'iiav1ng_aone eo. agree·withCo-x when he notes that Bai ne s 'i"s out 01' touch with an artistic send bility'.t ha t.

;;.cons1d 'e rs human rationallty"':anillusion" (p , 17)• s: . ,

~\UbfY.i --~'Qi~

^{II, p ,}

20~ ^-.

Let'tar,'toHugh

Wal~~}e·.

^{(1?1 8 ).}

',< b

~^,

.\: . .:"":\;::.,

'\'1"::~

.

.;-",

;)

..

"'.a~'

The 'only' 16 slgn1flce.nt. while Conrad, unlike Me'lvine

. 'r ' . ' '. . .'. .." . .

8'ndD"6t~ev81H,'Insl~ted

'on

fldell ty ~o.·the~Ut;faQe.~._p~c:~·S::'.

of 't hevisible world' and foundabhorrent,any reJolofng ~., 'i n a'

Imy~tre81 ' Into~~atio~ ~;th ':v~1'.5~

^he

·~.Jye,r 'l1~~~ed

^.

hi.B'si ght to'

'lIl~re ta~'~B::,~6 . " acbideilt~ '

^only·.:

57t~~ 8urfe.o~

^..

,

appea';~nceB ' .W~lc·h ZOlll ha~' 'en~hrined ~ln .~e :r~llla'n:.e~perlme~tal

^.

~t~~:;~~~;-~;;;~~;;~~~;~;;~;;~;~;;~';;:i;~~:;;;~~;h;:,::::::. . , · l

charactera 0'1 the'o6nw l se d terrorwhauntedDostoevalH' are 'strange beasts In a menagerie or damned souls knocking .

~:~~~~:~r~~l~~~fi(~e~ ~?:~) . 8tf;r~a~a~::~8~f~;n~~:~~:ied,

^{. ' .}

Conratl-had a

guaf~d

attitude toward hisimagination! Dostoevs'k1

-dl.dnot. See Nevnle~ewhoud8, JosephCbnrtd (1966 ) , p~~1.

Sir Jacob

E pateln

^rttcordeaeOll'lment onMelv1UeIGBde by ._':'. ..' -ccnr -ed in 19241''1-18,kno'll's,n?thlng.:Q:t~ .thl~;se.,.',Fan,tas t lo ';. r. _,::' :_,:',:

~~:i~~~~'~1~ 'J:~to~~:;~;~ .-~9;~t:·· p'~Yi~~~; l?o,~.~~ - , ~~e ~~;~.lC~ l.~''': .'_.'.::: " \

.: S.6E.g.'I'

No~t~OlllO;':P.-:"1~7·i::·ti'nde·~·-w~~·t~,~ .EY~iI::' p~~ " _;~~~'~5~

I::' -:'., . TheAr r ow'of'",~58,A\i'th~r}~_-_tf.o,t_8to.Typhoon'llnd Other....:.,;:--

Stor1es-,

^{p. ,vHit'The Sacret}A~nt ;,p . 27:81""!lJ;e,,~.p~anto~_:,of ;":-.·

" )/ ' "

~. :~a~iat~::u:~:I:O:::_~I~:~B.~a;t·::Li~~:'\-~~·E~0~J~··L~I~-:··:··,~8; ····':(;'· ' , ::.: ,.

'-,~i~~r:~ .f~~~d:

^'1

~)n~~'~~.~.~~~:_e~8~:~_~~~.I_~~::.~;.~,&~~,i';~f;~n ~::" c\ :c .· · ~

~,;~~-;~i;" =.~::~l~:a~J~id:;;t:!'~'n~i;

^..

~~o~~~:'~:p.n:~ttl~:~ ':~:~ ::" . '~. ; ', '.:

cultivate,you rpoe;d~,facult:y.:~:-: you;".:,,:~et·g,tve:.yo~J;-"':t},f·,YR,::-'Of.~.

e~:~~~;::'~_~:_e:::_:~~a.:~;:'~~:''':~'i,J·t~~~:·:~:i.:;.~.: . ~"'- _:~ . ""'::- .~~,:;:

^{>:&'_.'••;:_.:}

g~~;~.~ .., .,,- :~ . . " : .-.. ~:~i~;t~~~:g~nY9~a~~<:·~.-(:t'96~:li':"~

~

....: . . . '. . .. "., : ',.<

'>':;}>

..'

: ..

^'

·< 1 , .

. -

.-'..

. .

.'~

' . . ....

.,'

' . '., ... .. , .' ... ,. '·,' 9 .

' ~" ~~E;:~; i!,~nglat~r: 'or Calder~~:.~~ :~A:~d iE~~f:"~:'i~1 ·~dMl.;·cl·li~n rec~ils .B.rOq~·~ '"

.

the~eB--·fn"t~o't:hap~'~re~o·j.^{Th e;}Et e rn al'SoH

ta'ivj i.

^StUd'!

o-f .

'.

~'Jo'gep~: c~n~d' (~96'"O) ;:.';>.,,;.o :F~'ii~w' th; 'Dr~a~

^(I.I)

~d ."

^.

" 10Th;

'~a'l~ce ~i:~olo~~l ~orO·~8·"".( t,Ii)·. ; ~A~ c~nra:~ h~lIlSe1f

^'

·~.not~~,· i.~ ~,'lnt'e'rv~~W:"~1

^thO

-Ma'r1.~' ~~b~O;WB'kl'l

^.:1n:

~oJ!llllen~;r'lg'

^'.

." o n my w orks :,

the

:F.;~gi{8h· 'C~ltl~:· fiw~Y~·~,~~ .itl·~-t . ~hey

^{firtd", ::}

·~n ^{. .} t~e~ ·:~~~(t.+·~ , ~r~, ·l~·iJo:pr~~~.~:~,r.ie~: ~~t~t~~_~~~:~1 5~~ .

Spe c la li':sl:JI.ln',Europe a nl1:tenture hav~.'I"think.been mo re'

.,i·..

W1~~1~~1.~··.~.:.~~ ·~~~:t·· ~~.~~~:; ·.·'~n~. ·~~~:~un~t

^'.

~~: .:

^-,

--.--;,--- ••--.- -··C- - ---- -.- .- - - --- --- - -. - - --- --- -- --

..•. ..:•"o..~AP·~l1lJh.·Y1eit, or_JOBeph·Conra.d.i~Lll1tener~.^{LVi iI.}(1951J..(': ,

919-98ul Jose ph'Cont!lId' sMi ndandMe thod~ .: ... ." "('.'..

• .. ' ~' ^{..: .• .. .. :. .. ..•.1 . : . • .·... .}

_Zblgnlew

^.' 6~Tr;;;IJ\Il,ted:~;

_{GrabowlIk.l•.!lP}

·T·h~':iea·<~·~a~~r

_{.o.,t rt.;rddellstll'latIlCh.,}^(1957),_{,., .~}

p'.~ ~2. ~e"e ' allJ·~

_.~ ^{«,'. • •}_.

.ed ;....1t·Tarnawllk L (1 95-7).pp.

1)4-140. " .:'. : ( . ... .:. .

~.I..

...

.... :6~ ~~~~lIo~

ⁱ

'j . ';:Jn~dErlll: ;"

Tygodni / ni:uet:rowan·y.

'xv~ .

'( ~~d~~~~,~x~ii41{9~~f~16l~~~:n ~~~:~a;~:ri~' :fl~~~lt:~rlcB~

^.

. '.cr tea'

1n

APerecnal Reeordl '. ' . ..

....An1deal of..,rt!serya d'manner:.adhered to ., ' . from'asense

ot

proprieties,,t rOllshynes s, ,

.j,'

, f~~~~~::: '~,r8~:~:~~r'a~~e,s~r~~~;:~~ :~~tn~i::'

toeonc e~],:the.adve ntu r ou s sideot.thei r cal U ng.·:imdthenthecr itioismbecomes a ma re ·no t1 ce·•••~ (p~96)

':'.

6~see a~~·o.

^{Gl.!ata x}

~40~f~

^{'The'Pol h h}

'H~r1 tag~

^{ofJose ph, .:}

Conrad(1930). ThoughMor! does.not.reter.toSlowack1,he.

•~: . • . ;, . ' . . (cont ••d· .

ii .

,

i .!

" .

,2 0,I.

workingwlt~in--~htl^".Eur o p e an-'tr~dltlon.~eral~' r4~J;'gan.In:SeaSymbol a~dMythin -the Works~orJos e ph :

~o~r8~:,67

^br'iefty

n~~.e~_:c()nr~cr'~' :~n'shlP ^{w i th'} calde.~o~~

^.:

Rlitf~rrlng;t,o the Calderan1an themr~,ofNar6fBS~S.l!jld-,l~ror In aPl a t oni cccnee xtinel\1ding St"o'lls ekl anti.Cue a:he . commentson phllcisophical

d.im9nal~~·8

^of

~ 6nt.ad ·S re~atl0n8hlP

^..,

to'

~h:'

^{sea.68 The'}

""?" st,:,'clY

.,,1

~~~i~r~Y :r_~cu~·

^{on' .," \"}

""?" ." ? " _ramll1~r

to

th~' .hl'~O~1:~n " »:

^{and. •}

literature , Will,consider the CQn{Bd _Calde r ont"~lationBhip In a r1!-dically differentcontext,1:hat of Aristotelian lamal logic. Conrad , replyingto the0ar ge that hela cked a. 'creed,' ·ironIcally cOfllDlent e d Ina le t t er to EdwardGa r net t '.(20-JU1( 19 0,S)I,

' to~

^myself.

^t do.n.~~

Jenow what myPhi lofloph,y

. c, ', '

"Le, 1 wasn'teven awa;-e I ha d'it.~~ " Shall Idie ofit.do .youthink?·69'The,pla y,lul'

';omine,n~:\ 'qull,iifie~

^,bY·

conra~

^"II

obB~rvation..not'edabove.that'h~':h'adcome to,the craft·of wrl,ltlng.1\man.Of'"c onc f u s f ohs ,,animovablyfixed'" lllay merely

. - -- " - ~"O

_,cont

.-- --,:-

_.l•• ;frequentl)'

-~- --- - . " ~~---:

·m

-

'i'n t i Cln s

- - - ^j ---,---..:--, --

.the 'm.ys t i c ' element in

---- ~-

Conr a d,. TheQmlssionof'S!o\~ackiaepdrhapa understandable inview~of Morf 's,ceneern withthe:.rea di ng of Co nr a d's fiction as psychological autobiography. I, ' . ' •

.

6~Doct~ral dtaaer·iation . ~··,univ!ers"it:d~

Monti-iral ,"1962.

6BMor.~n , ch~Pter ^{v ,}

^{jl..'hi.;';-C}";nred: ·Medoch et Col der"'n,' .Et u de:

9S1

a.ve•a et.E8t ~Europeenne e ,VI (1961 ) . 196-209 "~ ..'..t. "

Ga roe t:,ad., p. 19) . -».t

.';-

f.

sug~est .th~,~ Conrad '~

^{ll.;t 1enot}

Philos,OPh,iC~l ·il'l"t~e ~e~e8

thatH does'not exyl,id1t~yarticulate,aP? s1.t ivecre~d•. Th i sjst'udy,upl1keMor"'~n'

B -

wor k,.wll}i.?exalllino

the •

dreeci-"

.io@:"1c' of Conrad'a

(ict1~n~t

^{ds'fihed in'its}

ne~t1v~ ~8pect

^.

,.~s.~~rtl~ectionof the~r,lato,t~l1anprinorPl~of'oontradlct10~.

and,t)i-er ebytakingperhapsmorn'fully lnto acc'ount'ConradIe

~~~~t'ioal,

^'awl

r -: ^t~,mper.

^of.1Il1!,d

^{~ 7~}

^-"A.nli.'t hOughcr1

tlc~r

termsimpJ~~',a,SOI'tof.logi c , suoh as lehronologlcal loops .~

'Jl ;g i1.tY .

I "birooB.l vision.I 'dialectic,:,l.,t ! nSlon.' '~,wo-SidCdn8s,e.":'8;hd'lambl'~~tyI~^hl\V8'ga1'n~d^SOmecurr ency.

"i n'co~rad'Bt~d1eB,,: 1:.t~ey"andtheircene equeneee torC.on r a·d^t9

art and'Co~radcr i tlolsm remi!nune~~mlnedⁱⁿt8niaof

traditional,to~l,i ogi c~^{',Thus,'.hil e}endea.;ourlng,inpart

to.ccimPle~e':'ti,^toassi m1u :te.·,I1~d.·,·it^1B,~o,ped,.^toe.iten~^.

.ecae ofthe'i~s'ir.hts,of pr evi ouscritics;thlsstUdy'propone "

~o

est1tbiishil.'d; s t1not"i ve

vi~~:' o~ c~n~~~

"fr om'a

y~,i un~X~lored ,

perspeot!ve,

-- ---;6----

_cr.W

- c__--, --- ----

_{yUe Sypher>,}""'P-heLat ew

----.

Ba r oque, "

~ --- -- --- ---

FourStages

,~-~,-~.

cif .Rena l.lIsanoe" St yle (1955).,pp . 291·ff.' Syphe r,cons ~d.rB' ,

Dav ia 's,HUfll~ 'met aphYsi calrackI n''aver ypr oposltion' ". Involv:ae a contradiction'

.t--

alii the startingpoin t oflQodern.

intelleotual.inquiry . ," ...., .,'" " > ~

, 71see,,e ,g , . I.'d'att~ "JosephC'o~radlAl1enati~nand Co&itment," The'Engllsh'Mind, ads.'DaviesandWatson(1964 )';

~~~t:Fs~~~t~;:li~~~r~X;Bc~~iu;o~~ ~~d:~k;msl~n"'~~~~r:~ .

X (1964), 49-54,·• .> . /

.'

, ;

.'

.~

' . '

.'^."

C~nr9.d · 9

vt ej.en baal's some

8.t·riklng8,~~l1aritle9

^to' Cllid~r&n'II. .Ii,1s calderon ' 8'phi los o phi oal drama'lIVok1ng tlie'lUus.ory nature

,~( ex1~:eric.e ,

^{La vida}

.e~ sue.no':'(Lit e

',I~,II.,~realll)'(1~)5 1'1.t ha t'p.r~.vldedthe.~p~graph0r.Conradls

·s~cond.novel-,A.'nOutoast ~f,the fSl

an

^{dl1(pUb. LB?6)I. "'}

,, '~~;~;~~~~e~~~~re

^.

Es

(~~~~~~Il~;i~~rll) ?2

'"(Mari' fJ

~:8ate8t

^lI"1n18

to

have .ceen born .

Th e.Fi r s t Day) ' . ",

, .' ^",' ,." , \ . ..., . . " "

,

.

·st.e1nl~.deo lara.~1 on.~,.s~r.gellt oompar1son."ith{,cald~ron·tlJ viewoflifeI:'I.man thai iabornfalls'into II.dream_l1k~.

, ' .

" ' .

- .

·amanwhofallsln,t o,the,s ea .^I,?)·.necc uu, supmergedin

. "

- ,

^{.. "}

.'

.

·himssir. similarlyrefle ctsI'·A ll,.this l~11£e,mu.stbe

·1,1,£e,.dncs'1 t

i~ '

^so

lI1uoh 'l1 K~

^'a:.

d~~adl; 1 7 t ^Ih

^a'

l~th~

^to

Arthursymons ,.anotherexplorerofth~.landof8omnambulil!l,t~.

,

,- ---- ?2Ali-~~~;;~i~~;

..

f-;~:·-~;i;;;;~~

..

;;;-~;;;~-r;~;

..ob;;;-,---

c~lfIpletas .edic1 cin deA.V~ Br i ones (1966), threevOI'iiiDis•

.T8mos t O'b,,:1oue,pare.1lelto.t hls1 8pi.gr aph 1(1. An Outoast of

.:~j6fl~t:~~e ~l:ei~~~;~r~;~e~~~:~e~~f,.i~:~~~~~~M;:d:~;~:~t~W,"

~:r:d~~~~~:~/?:~a~f :~~n:;i ;;e~~~tiBY~~r~~:f;::l;~:' b(p~.

)62,)67). , ' , .. ' ,'\. .. '

7.3L~rd^{Ji m,p, 214•}

.74Noet r Onl·o.P-.249 ...·

, )

\

^..22.

refleotlon, to:Chrh toPhe~_"Sand~an'.BOllle·,ievenyears lat8r .~' 1~'1922 1 ^II:fealll!?retli.·an·ev~r^that

is.

vida.eB'Bueiiol~76

. ," ' .

wor~.a 1~oneo'r,his'ia~t,c()lIlpleted pi ~ C Il8,·"'P.reface~o

·Th eShor t er Works ofJos e p hConr lld ,",,·h enotesl 'Calde ron

..

~ai d -'that :":~lfe. iB ,a .~re·~m ~"'?7

^The

dlr~:t :ref.erenl!e~,.

^'

J

ex:tendfrom 18 96 to 1924, virtuallyCon ra d ',sentire llte

·as a writer. Alu;aysr'flPolly , hi,lIf1r:Btptlbllehed'nove l ,.

.'

.

.

'

.appeared1n 1895. Thoughth~'8e referenoesandanalogues

' . .:. ' ..: "

.

^"

....

·do-n~~pr ovi de 'h~ra''eVi,d a nc eof d~rectinflu~n~e. , t~ey db, I1lhlnk, gi ve us warrant to.9X9~lne-parallels'betweeh 'these two

. BU~h'ora

^'

-80

^{'orten', '}

cono~rned ~lth Bl~llar

^{. . ', -tnemes:}

.

Thi sBt\1d~(-prop os ell't o'Ol llr1.f yCon r ad,'s'vi s t on'l n"

.th~·

_. ^lightota_~ clu l!ite r of_{' -}

.1~ter"'rdat~d·.conoep~1I

_{" - p.} ^Ineee-'

por a t ed inCal der on ' s philoBophlcaldrama. Ac·onsldera.tion

.~~~

c.alde r o"n '.Bcent ral"theme s ,

·pa~~lou~.arlY a~

^they

rela-;~ ' , ~.

^,"

1::"

~

-' ³ A

~

b;;:-V

~i:

- i i:

-~

:-126:--

i:;ii;~'-~~~i;i

i7:-

~--7~·._- -.

, ?oA~bry , Vol.

II .

p;286. .

17La a'tESSaYS','P"

1,~2.

.

\

. t,

.2 ).

. .

to Lcgkc ,8.sketoh,of t}\e1r,'heredit:r,

and

a b,rlefeut-vey .of theroute~bywhlehtheylead.tocohra~; provide' . .

conven1e~t' m~~8 ~t_

elucidating

~eBe c~~cePt8.· '

^.

", . ' . " • ' .1 .• ,

~ri.Btote~ianlogicIsIne f f e0 t,..ual in the world

'~rentid

^by

Pedr~ ca14er~~

^"dela

B.~rCIl

^.(1600..

1 6t U)• .

".In '~he^eyes"of't~18'pl~wr1ght^{gi ven 't oths"}exairUnat l onof 'il~U"io'~8',.•~n·l1g~tlmlllent rO~lOW8^upon"llDlD.er~lo~'^Indr~e.ms^•. Th1e ce'ntralperception_. provlde stho

. .

titl~^{of hi s''most;}

' .

.. .' . ...

influential"wor k-,~heoomedia ,'LA'v i da esBUcmO. '.

Set"inPo land', t~e^Play'-eX:Pl~reo,^the'lriierchan'glng

nature. of illusionand"rea l!ty. Ba sili-o ,Ki n g or-Poland ."

.

.

^.

Both"fatherand son,_~oll1e 't o's ee' that reality maybe 1l1uBlon•.

a~d

^'U l usl on ,""r eall t y ,theyare"enl1gh-tene d ,

th~y ;~re_ ~ts~b~eed ·~r.··th~lr 1-l\ueo~y, :beil.~i .th~t

^{mal(CM. .../).}

', .;.

.

'(.

Q'

d1.st1nguhhbe,~ween'f a c t.and.dream,,~e~1.amtind.ounderlines the~esson·1.n a fInaladdressontheSUb j e c t'Of,dr::eA11l1ng, ,,!akl ng, and.learning;

tQue·os'adm.;'a ?·JQ:US

'o~

^{SSP'an ta:}

-1-..:1',

Sl rue1l.I1maestro,unau'eno, ' , y'es toy.te\lliendo, en'ldeansias,'.

que hE!dedeapsrtar :yha,llarmB ostravezenmi.cerrada pr1a i on. 'fcuendc no eea,' , ' r

:~,~:O~:Il~l:~.~ ~::~~~

,9.ueto~alaodlc hahumana.

enfin,pasaoomoeuei'l,o.

(Jor Mda';t'eroera) ,

(What su'rpr1s8eyou? 'What'st'a r U esyou if mytea oher wae'a dream, andin''anxiety I fear thatI ahe.ll

"awak e and find myself againlookedinrri:yprison?

"~~~u:~~1I'~rt~~~w~r~a~~tc~~~ ~~l~n:~' ~~:;man·18 . .

humanfor t une,'i n·t heen d, passes,l1keadr,eam. --'

The Third Day) ,,' . " '

conr e e,.in'th e,ye~rto llo~i,ngthe~ublicati,o~of·~.

o f

the Islands,with.itsepigraph'fromLa vida sa

eue ; o,

made'

~,a~'nUllr "~baerv~tion

^{to R.a..}

CUnning~~me

^{'Gra ham.'en'}

entj,u~ia8tlctI:ahslato r of,Sp an h,hlite ratureI·w1.tlhgrowl'1~

'.oons ciousn e s s !.com'eothe 'knowl&dge ' tha t manIa lif e

, fa'

'mor e flee ting

th~~

^the

l'~lU~i~i'I'

^{of a} dr e a m••78

'~n. ~

^{\rei n} p)lralle'll~ngDa1o he s¹ on.cimi:-ad'~F~ango'l,8"Ber~aut.:'~~"p~,~ha;8^.

---7

^{g--- -- -.- - - --- - -}

c -.---

-c--- - --:-.'---c---.- -, . Wat t s' ,sd^q pp. ~~-54 . Ls~t"'z;o^qf l}l.~~~:~~~~r1~97. ^'

~, .~

\,

,

"

-:

' ~

,ove r ly- z eal ous,Ar i s t otel ian ,,comrn.ente d somet,enyears:after a vi'81twith.thew6ite-hai~edCa l der on'i~,16591 'flne

ea~a1tPas g~and'chose" t79

^{The,k ind}

~f k~owled,ge

^that

comesbyway'or rational anaiy8is~hnQtthe,.ki~d'of knowledge which

C~~lderon ~d

^Conrad

~9~k

^to

UnVE!.~l.

^'.

Toseeone'sselfInadrea m 18Ukeess in gomi ls sslfon9.S,t a ge.

s.etd8mundO~

^actin£:the

~oprnambulht~

eeeehi ms eif

,pl~~ng

^{the,roleorvic t o r,on'la.}

!lllChUr~Sa '

piaudelteatx;~delmundo (>'th~ s~e.ci o~sstag eO,r~hOplayhouss ot thew,orld')~ ~OBas ili o,,·pla yi n gthe'p.rt··otdireotoror " , '

dr~~s

^{on l yto f'intl}

that ,_pat~ a8S1gne~

^{J:l1ll.'t he rOls,ot:}

aci~r,

^{comes todefi ne'the}

'~orld

ail a teatro'funes t o(ldar k stage',),. 81'.Ca lder dn Il'l8.dethe

metapho~ ~ o~crete i~ t~e' ~

ea'or amen t a l;El'

gran

^teat r o delmundo.. Spectetor a ~d~ctorB sharemutually-r'eflectingdouble-ldentlties

on

a

oontlntiou~lY:

·'s hifti ng

sta~e w~~r9

^{'rea l}'an d"U l u8ory

' exi~'t9n~9,8 !Jii~gle -'.

i~

^.doubl,ed

' ~er$pect~

^{Yes. -}

~p~ctator8.

^and

"ll~tors: eX~hang8.

·rale~un~e:.^thedlre,ct !on:

or

^Gad.

In

the,lJlYthologloal

, ~. ":--~:'7~;~~~;i-~~~;t;-;-1~-E;-;@;-(1669)~-;:-1;i:-S;;-R;~r ,'

·Br ay ,LaFOrIlla t i on defadoctrIne'olas s ! gue (1966)" Chap! tre II.,

.B~Jo~8da^{segun de, . . . .}

81Jorna~~'l'er~~ra~

) .,