• Aucun résultat trouvé

Modele d'endommagement cyclique: application à la fatigue des enrobés bitumineux

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Modele d'endommagement cyclique: application à la fatigue des enrobés bitumineux"

Copied!
193
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Modele d’endommagement cyclique: application à la fatigue des enrobés bitumineux Didier Bodin. To cite this version: Didier Bodin. Modele d’endommagement cyclique: application à la fatigue des enrobés bitumineux. Matériaux et structures en mécanique [physics.class-ph]. Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN)/ Université de Nantes, 2002. Français. �tel-02388066�. HAL Id: tel-02388066 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02388066 Submitted on 30 Nov 2019. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2)     

(3)                !#%$  &

(4) ('  ) *+ ,- "  .0/1/23546)6#4 758 9): ;=<;?>5@ABC@DFEB G H JLKNMO=P=QRSK-HUTVWR=XYZW[Y HNZL\]P)O^P)Z_\ JL`)V I acb deXYKfPhgiP)Z_\jV]`KfPkQPml5`ZL\]P#noP \ acbqp0Z HrTPSVFnH\]R=QsP^l5`ZL\]P#n tu    

(5)  v '0w_x0y{z^*cy |}yf~   € )

(6)  &

(7) € 

(8)  u 1‚  )$ƒ

(9) u  v "y{"yfz_„† ˆ‡&"yfx  Š‰‹ŠŒ  $‚{&‹)Ž1Ž)‹  -Nz  *_)

(10)  &Œ)‘x 

(11)  € 7&’N7&“0” • @<9– ;^<˜—q; ™ <@š=škE›;š‘;™ B}ASœ1A)–-qžŸ ;h  ? ¡5¢s¢–££AEB £@s™^¤m–qE=¥jEB ›Ÿ ;=<;1:&;™DF@s¦s§):¦ BŸš=-™; Ÿ¨ ©ª5“+« ¬­ ® ¯ ° ±£² ³ ´Fµ ¶N² ³ ®F±£²]·{¸£­ ¯ ´ ¬­ ¸ ¹ ² ¯ ¯ ² ºq­»½¼ ¾ ¿À³ ° Á ² ­ ¯ ° ´ ®F±q²WÂU² ¼ ¹ ´ ¶fÃqÄ£Ä ¸£­ ´ ² º£­ ¯µ Ų ­ Á ®WÂr°f·{² ³ ² ±q² ´ ´ ¸ ¬­ ¸ ¹ ² ¯ ¯ ² ºq­{»CÆ-¾ Ç£È ¸-¼ ²WÉà ´ ° ¸-³ ã¼ ²F±q² ¯%Ê­ à Á 㺠ËC¬ºqÌq¼ ° ÈF±q²WÆ-¾ Ç£´ à ´ Í ° ã³WÎ-ºWÏNÐ Ã ¸ ¬­ ¸ ¹ ² ¯ ¯ ² º£­{»½¼ ¾ ¿À³ ° Á ² ­ ¯ ° ´ ®±q²]Æq° ¼ ² ÑqË ÃqÒ° ³ à ´ ² ºq­ ¯Fµ ÓÐq° ¯ ´ ° ã³FÔ° ² ¼ Õ ¸q¯ Ö ¬­ ¸ ¹ ² ¯ ¯ ² º£­{»½¼ ¾ ¿À³ ° Á ² ­ ¯ ° ´ ®±q²WÉã³ ´ ² ¯ ÓUÐ Ãq³ ´ Ãq¼£±q²]ÆqÃC¶f¸£È Ð ² × ³ Õq® ³ ° ² ºq­{±£²½¶N² È Ð ² ­ È Ð ²FÃqº½ÆqÃ£Ì ¸£­ à ´ ¸£° ­ ²Ó{² ³ ´ ­ ã¼q±q² ¯F¬N¸£³ ´ ¯À² ´%ÓUР㺠¯ ¯ ® ² ¯ Âr° ­ ² È ´ ² ºq­±q²FÊ%Ð Ø ¯ ²½µÚÙU° ¼ ² ¯F¬{° Û Ã£º ±-° ² ­Ó{Ã£Ì ¸ ´ ¬­ ¸ ¹ ² ¯ ¯ ² ºq­{»C¼ ¾ Ç£È ¸-¼ ²Ó{² ³ ´ ­ ã¼ ²±q²WÉã³ ´ ² ¯ Âr° ­ ² È ´ ² ºq­±q²FÊ%Ð Ø ¯ ²½µNÙU° ¼ ¼ ² ¯j¬{° Û Ãqº ±£° ² ­Ó{Ã£Ì ¸ ´ ÆqÃqÌq¸q­ à ´ ¸q° ­ ²½µNÆqÃ£Ì ¸£­ à ´ ¸£° ­ ²j±£²ÙU® ³q° ²Ó° Á ° ¼£±£²WÉã³ ´ ² ¯rÜ%ϣà ° ³ ´ÉÃ Ö Ã ° ­ ² Ó{¸ Ü ² ³ È Ã ±N­ ² ÒF² ³ ´Fµ-ÓUÐ Ãq³ ´ Ãq¼£±q²WÆ ÃC¶f¸qÈ Ð ²qÝ£ÞÀ­ Òj² ¼ ²ÓUÐ ÃqÌq¸ ´%² ´ÀÍ ² Ãq³Cß½° È Ð ² ¼-¬{° 㺠ÆqÃqÌq¸q­ à ´ ¸q° ­ ²½µfÂr° Á ° ¯ ° ¸-³½ß]à ´ ® ­ ° 㺠Ë]² ´jÏq´ ­ º È ´ ºq­ ² ¯%±q²ÓUÐ Ãqº ¯ ¯ ® ² ¯ÀÜ%Æ Ã£Ì ¸£­ à ´ ¸£° ­ ²Ó{² ³ ´ ­ ã¼£±q² ¯F¬-¸-³ ´ ¯À² ´jÓUР㺠¯ ¯ ® ² ¯ ÉUà½ÑfÂáqâ ãqä Ü á ãqã.

(12)     

(13)   !"$#%$&'(*)+%,-./021*43.-658791:(;$<=>@?BA=DCE%F.(G8-.D(:H1:"%"%I.? FKJMLN,1*I.IO(:-.DF.N"%P7Q%PRG8-.S(:D"%(:T1:"?N-.NI91*PF.U#-.RVIXWG-U#YJM(:Z,1*[\Q% I.?%"-^]KW_B1*91*#[`^abF^/"%(:VI.F./"%!,1%>01*[#Yc_d_(:-.//1He0,1*[-F.fJg1:F^%,/?e1*#!V hi?DF.DCE(:EEjk7.21*$l4#[e@(0mUG-.nBJM(:o)p1*[k#YJ 7(:.-.oFKJg1:"%"%I.\F.i#[[i"%D!?!(:[UkF. I91*"[IOi1*-rqs-.`F.P"%P7Q%0c tS',1%>01*[#8F.'7Q%,0Wf"%(:V!'(:-.S,1f>:1*[#8"vu9G8-0WXwfJMyxO%"-Kq1*/1*K(:,1*#!8z{(:#[[,1*[0W q!rB!"a(:-.%a#%bIO(:.%rG8-.wBJM(:!1*F.?F1*b!%{%"7",7%fW|1*[EG-/(:-.% "%#[#%RG8-.KBJM(:=(:-.-}W9[I.[?0W.[{-.#?bE)Y1*[D"%(:^un1*"%0c ~ -"%(:-.RF.U"%N7Q%kqiU!N-.EI91:E(:-.>@?N(:#?0c.t|JM"f1:F^!8iF.U!(:,1%>01*[#S1*-Hu# F.%U1%>01*"%?%%N1!??a"%(:,1*fWO"%(:-"v)k=!(:[>01*fc@b!"a(:-.=I91*"-.#[Q!ajk791*8,1*# F.$tS1€hi(8",7$B#YJM(:[e0[F.$"%$?-F.0WzG8-.wBJg1€e0-.F.?0W_"%(:-.,1*e@?H{,(:-.-IF1*8{(:-.$#21 F^-.?%UF.="%i7Q%,0c‚f1*HƒZ"7#}&|21*-}W‚?e1*#!8R[.[21*-.\F.U"%i,1f>:1*[#YW.1a-!R)Y1*[=I91*,1*e@ "%%Ne0,1*F.%aG8-91*#[[?%P"vu9G8-%aF.V[e0--.{bF.!!(8F.?#[,1*(:}c_„ #|%P%?!H#YJM?%"%(:-./!L!/ "%%E)p(:"(:\#YJM(:8DI.(:e0%[>@!8i?#(:[e0?{F^-B-.[>8}iF.%R(:,1*(:=F.P"%U,1%>01*[#Yc 9Jg1:F^%|(:-.w/1E%"%(:.91*,1*"%ED†=[#[#%_&' q1*-F^s‡ˆjE1*‰(:zI(:-._#21\"%(:^un1*"%oG-}J [#@BJg1i1:"%"%(:F.? Š1:"%"%I.,1*V#21Z%IO(:,1*‰.[#[[?HF./#21‹F^[%"(:ŠF./1B7Q%,$/1*#[e0?H,1€#(:-.F.H"791*e@F.$,1%>01*[#Yc ~ -Œ"%(:-.HF.‹"%%H1*.?%%XW}q%Jg1*=??Z/1*[%)p(:$[VI.%(:.?‹I91*T1"?f1*[>‚[?‹H(:Ž1*I.I.(8",7 "8vu9G-0c tSG-(:F^F."%%€1*.?%%B}Jg1*-.,1*[BI91:B??#‹!L!,1*H#(:-. "%(:,1*€FKJ ~ !#[# jk791*‰O(:fcO‘'#[#V1/-‹BJg1*I.IO(:N!?7(8F.r=[e0--.PF1*i!(:,1f>:1*[#YcKd_(:-:qs(:-.N87(:-21:0WK#[# BJg1UIOVoF.DF.?I91:w#%wIO?(8F.%kF.DF.(:-.%fc8@RD(:-.#[[e0,1*q1*/1*k1:,mD#%we0,1*F.%kG8-91*#[[?% 78-./1*[%Rk#21aF^IO(:.[‰.[#[[?UF.U"%%EI(:.%EG8-.K(:\"%(:[‰.-?NF.=Q%EI.Q%\{#YJg1*‰(:-.,!RF. "%U,1f>:1*[#Yc ƒ1r%"%(:.91*T1*"%{>01V?e1*#!8Njk7.21*58?y)p1*.YWn[#z1V-€BJg1*I.IO(:=(:‹?%"#21*[,1*e@{=(: 1*F.kI.?%"-\1*-a",791*w1*{‰.[-^]rF.k#21R!(‚F.?#[,1*(:VF^-r"%(:VI(:!8fW0G-k#YJM(:aT1*[z"%(:VI.#y].0W F.%\/1*?21*-^]‰.[-.V[-^]Kc .

(14) . oj B,1%>01*[#U1??ZyxO%"-?‹1*-Œ[ŒF.B#21A=[>‚(:Œƒ1*?21*-^] 58-"-.%HF.Zjk791*-?%%F^tS1*‰O(:,1*(:[ijo8,1*#9F.%|&z(:wkjk791*-,?%%w U1*%fc0d_(:-.k1*-V#(:.ebF.E/1=7Q%0Wyq%Jg1*.I.-/1*I.I.?%" #YJg1*{‰.21*"%oG8-.‚`NQe00c i-o(:-_#%_!{‰.% F.w#21iF^[>8(:{(:-.>@8z"‚#YJMy]^I.%(:rF.w/1i["%Q `‚VI91*7.0c}ƒ‹(: 1*V[?/>:1H?e1*#!8a>@b(:-P#%{"f1*/1*,1:F.%{F.(‚"(:,1*fW_G-.k(:bV[?$#-. 7Q%=(:-HG-.O"%(:V!"%=#YJg1%>@-.0c9„ #o(:\??U1*-.,1*\FKJg1*V\G-.nI91*"[I8DP#21b‰O(:.=1*{‰.21*"% F^-Bt_jo&ojŽ\#21r?-[NF.%\7Q%%DG8-.K`H(:R8I.%fc 9Jg1:F^%D?e1*#!8\(:-.R/1{`‚VI91*7.=P(:-w#%k!b‰.%EF^-#21*‰(:,1*(:[=F.=†U?.Njk[>‚[#nF. U1*%k‡'5 U1*mX1*[=k#YJM?%G8-.[I=F.i%"7"7U%",7.(:#(:e0G-=‡'hR-.I.-.=EF^-.,1*‰.[#[[?=F.%E(:-.>‚,1*e@%s‡,c t|Jg1:"%"-[#}G8-}J [#EBJM(:\?%,>@?P1b(:-:q(:-.\??N"791*#-.-^]\#%E?%"791*.e@%i"vu9G8-%R"%(:-"v)pfc ‘|^u}WqJg1*[!,1*r!"!(:-.rI91*"-.#[Q!8$/1€)Y1*V[#[#0W'ƒZ?#[[F1Z/1Z)pV!$IO(:-.V(: 1*!(:-.fW^%E"%(:-.,1*e@!i\(:(:-.,1*EF.?y)p1*-.fc^tS1{91*T1*"%=F.=(:iu#\tS1*#(a%,1{# I.#[-\e0,1*FB‰(:.7-.DF.b"%%\(:D1*.?%%fc . . . .

(15)      

(16)  

(17) 

(18)   !#" % & '()

(19)  +*(-,.)

(20)  /"0"1-23)

(21)  !/465

(22) 72 /"894 ; c ; &'(:‰.#?/1*G8- cPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c ; c ; 3(:"(:.!NFKJ -.P",791*-?%cNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c ; c < ‘'.(:‰?%D‰.[-.V[-^] cPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c ; c?> Co%,(:[RB!PF.NI.?%F^"(: cNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c < ‘|,1*DF.U)p1*[e0-N-.D.(:‰?%R‰.[-.V[-^]€#21*‰(:,1*(:[ cNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c < c ; d},1:"(:jo(:VI.%,(:C+B dDjEED F.U#YJM‘ id\&|‘ cNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c < c < 3_#y]^(: cPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c < c?> ‘|,1*SF.N"T1*[#[#!iF^-Zt_jo&kj cNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c?> &'7?(:!?(:#(:e0aF.%R%,1*RF.N)p1*[e0- cPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c?^> c ; ƒ€"(!\/1:"(!u9-.,1*(:cbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c?^> c < ‘|"791*-^xK!cPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c?^> c?> dE7.v]^(:(:I.{D1*-.(:?I91*,1*(: cPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c J ƒZ?7(‚F.%RFKJ [8I.?,1*(:‹-.[#[,?%% cNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c J c ; ‘ ]‚I.#(:[,1*(:‹F.%D"%(:-.‰O%RF.NlL:K 7.# cNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c J c < ~ I.I.(‚"7{?e@?G- cPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c J c?> ~ I.I.(‚"7bI91*\#21r!?%"f1*.G-P#[[?f1*[bF.U#21r-.I.-.cNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c = ~ I.I.#["f1*(:‹F.U#21r!?%"f1*.G8-PF.N#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!N1*-^]B.(:‰?%R‰.[-.V[-^]cPcPcNc ; c = c ; ƒZ(‚F.Q#%\‰91:?%R-.R#YJg1*I.I.(8",7PF.NPM 1:",791*(f>cbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c = c < ƒZ(‚F.Q#%\‰91:?%R-.R#YJg1*I.I.(8",7PF.{5‚",791*I` cbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; c @ jo(:"#[-(:BcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc O P Q8#"0SRT"  2U23("2U"

(23) V / W#I!S" +,.)

(24) " < c ; <D`‚IO(:7Q%%RR?%G8-91*(:Re@??,1*#%DcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; . $. : ;< ;< ;= ;@ ;A ;F <G << <= <@ <IH <F <F <F >G >< >> >> >@ >A X% J>.

(25) O.  

(26)  

(27) . < c< < c?> < cJ < c= . . < c; c; < c; c< < c ; c?> < c ; cJ. Ai,"-(:€F.%\78`8IO(:7Q%%D1:F.(:I.?%% cNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc  G-91*(:i"%(:[-.[>@% cNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc A=?y)p(:/1*(:Z?%G8-.[>01*#cNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc 3(:!Pe@??G8-PF.%\#(:RFKJM?>@(:#[-.(:"7(:%RIO(:-.\#21{)p1*[e0- cPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ƒZ?7(‚F.PFKJ F.8vu9"f1*(: cPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc &'(:IO(0[(:DF.U)p(:b-.#21*(:Z/1*7?/1*G- cNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc < c?>^c ; t}(:_VF.-^]H?e0[!% B+t < h D cbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc < ?c >^c < t}(:_r(:\?e0[!% B+/t >:h D cbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc hD?e0-.#21*[?PF^-€!(8F.Q#NIO(:-.\#%R(:#[#["[,1*(:=F.=)Y1*[e0- cPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc < c Jc ;  ."[?PF.P#21r(:#[-.(:€F^-BI.(:‰.#Q!PFKJM?%G8-.[#[[‰.4cPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc < c Jc < 3(:b-.#21*(:‹(:B#(‚"f1*#PF.U#YJMF.(:V/1*e@! cPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc < c J?c > t}(:.e0--.i"f1*,1:"?G8-bF.%R/1*?21*-^]B‰.[-.V[-^]‹cPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc jo(:"#[-(:BcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc. !# 2U  " "0 RT"  2U23("2U"

(28) " +,.)

(29) ". >^c ; Ej 1*#"-.#SF.N#YJ ["?!8iFKJMF.(:V/1*e@!UI91*D"`^"# cNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc >^c < dS% ",7..G-{F.P,1*-.RF.P"`^"#% cPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ^> c < c ; 3(:b-.#aFKJ [?e0,1*(:ZVI(:#[# cPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ^> c < c < jo(::#bF.P#YJM-.DFKJg1*I.I.(%]^[/1*(:‹=1*#[e@(:[7.!bF.N"f1*#"-.#UcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc >^c?> !w1*#[F1*(:Z\[#"-"%{F^-B/1*[#[#21*e@ cNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ^> c?^> c ; jE1*#21*e@bF.%$\>:1*#[F1*(:‹F.U#YJ [VI.#21*,1*(:€cbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ^> c?^> c < „ #"-"%PF^-€/1*[#[#21*e@'&.y].VI.#PF.U#YJM?I.(:-.>@b,1*IO?mf(:F1*#cPcNcPcNcPcPcNc >^c J jo(:"#[-(:BcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc X ( ** I)

(30)  +!94" '5 1V5

(31) 72 "/4 Jc ; jE1*VI91*e0by]^I?[!8,1*#NcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc J c ; c ; ƒ‹1*?21*-€?-F^?$cNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc J c ; c < &'#21*€FKJMy]^I?"%cPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc Jc < ‘|[/1*(:‹F.%RyxOR7!(*‡Y!?%"f1*.G-%‹cPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc J c < c ; &z1*,1*!Q%UF^-B"f1*#"-.#PcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc J c < c < jE1*(:e0,1*I.7.{F.UVIO?,1*-.bB?e0[!PI/1*8 cPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc J c < c?> &_{F.N,1*F.-.R[F^-.[NI91*DyxK\7!(/!?%"f1*.G-% cPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc J c < c J „ #"-"%P-.R#21rF^(:[PF.U)Y1*[e0- cPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc Jc?> „ F.8vu9"f1*(:‹F.%RI91*,1*!Q%DFKJM?>@(:#[-.(:ZFKJMF.(:V/1*e@!8N)p1*[e0- cPcNcPcPcNc J c?^> c ; jE1*#21*e@bF^-I91*,1*!Q)ŠcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc. JJ. JA JF => =J =A =A @G @> @> @A H< H< !$ H@ HA HA AG A> A> A@ F< : $ FIH FA FA ;G J ;G= ;GA ;;; ;;= ;;@ ;;@.

(32)   

(33)   

(34) . . Jc?>^c < }t (:SFKJM?>@(:#[-.(:‹!F.-^]?e0[!% B+t < h DocNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; ;7H Jc?^> c?> }t (:SFKJM?>@(:#[-.(:‹V(:\?e0[!% B+t/>:h DVcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; << Jc J jo(:"#[-(:BcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; > G $  "

(35) /"8 /I" W23Q#" SRT"  2U2U('"2U"

(36) % = c ; ~ I.I.#["f1*(:1*-^]H%,,1*RF.U,1:"(:^‡ "%(:VI.%(:RF.%"9y]^(:B(:/1*#[?% cPcNcPcPcNc ; > = = c ; c ; 58[b-.#21*(:FKJM%,1*DrF^vxK?D.[>@f1*-^]F.b(:#[#["[,1*(: cPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; > = = c ; c < 58[b-.#21*(:FKJM%,1*D{)p(:"%N[VIO(0?% cPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; J G = c < ~ I.I.#["f1*(:rFKJg1*-.%D%T1*RF.=)p1*[e0-ZcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; J> = c < c ; ‘|,1*RF.N)p1*[e0-P "9y]^(:€G8-91*NIO(:[DcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; J> = c < c < ‘|,1*RF.N)p1*[e0-PB"T1*[#[#!NcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ; J @ = c?> A="-(:B-.\#b"7(:v]BF.%\I91*,1*!Q%=F^-!(8F.Q# cbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ;= > = c?^> c ; &z1*,1*!Q ) cPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ;= > = c?^> c < &z1*,1*!Q cPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ;== = c J jo(:"#[-(:BcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNcbcNcPcNcPcPcNcPcNcbcNcPcPcNcPcNcPcbcNcPcNcPcNcPcPcNc ;=F   / 1   !#" %    5 ' ( * " %  

(37) 

(38)  (. (.  $ (. Q 1-"  /*

(39) 7 " *'* "1 !/46"171 1V"0 1 "823"8

(40) V    P Q8#"0" 2 I(1V"1-"11 1- )4 !/46I

(41) "!#1 " +*#(I"823"

(42) 1723 51

(43)  (

(44). . % (:. %# $ %#%#. %# :.

(45) X.  

(46)  

(47) .

(48) 

(49) ;  Œ

(50)       wt J 7.(:[VF.%N(:-.%U[#[#[-r#YJM?>@(:#[-.(: F.%U/1*?21*-^]PF.%U%",7..G-%b-.[#[?%%NIO(:-.i)Y1*[ )Y1:"%Z#YJM?>@(:#[-.(:6F^-Œ,1 u9"0cktSZF.?yuŽF.B#21F^-.,1*‰.[#[[?ZF.%"791*-,?%%H%$"%(:,1*!8H?f1:"-91*#[? "%(:VI./-F./"%?>@(:#[-.(: aF.%P(:-.>@#[#%aII%"[>@%a>‚,1*e@?%%{I(:-.{#%{-"-.%aF. ",791*-?%%\(:-.Q%fW1:?(:I(:-91*[%iR!L!U)p(f>‚Q%fc &z(:-.b1:-.U#-.U :#rF.a>@(:VF.{#[21*,(:}Wn#%N",791*-?%%NF.(:[>@8NI.?%bF.%=I.(:I.??%NIOs‡ !,1*8V#21"["-.#21*(: F.%r-,1*e@!F1*r#%V"%(:F^[(:!(:I.[/1*#%!F.H?%"-.[?!F.H"%(:^)p(:fc'tS1 ,1*)p1:"(:/F.i"%%w"%(:F^[(:oFKJ -,1*e@0W@[VI.#[G8-D"%,1*[%kI.(:I.??%kI(:-.k#%|/1*?21*-^]/F.R",791*-s‡ ?%0c‚tS1{91*-.UE#D.[>@f1*-BF.%oIOs)+(:/1*"%%E%G8-.%E(:o)p(:"(:F.%\(:#[#["[,1*(:\G-=-.‰.[E#21 ",791*-?%\F.o#21=I91*|F.E(:!>‚[(:.!o"#[[/1*G-\|F.E#21="["-.#21*(:/F^-V,1 u9"\F.EIO(:F. #(:-.F.fc tS1/"791*-,?%b%="%(:[-?%bF.{F^vxO?8%="%(:-",7%UF.(:=#21r)p(:"(:Z%=I?%"vu9G8-0c‘'Z)p(:"(:ZF. #21UI.#21:"%DF.\#YJM.(:‰?iF1*|#21N",791*-?% &"%(:-"7=F.\(:-.#!fW‚"%(:-"7iF.\#[21*(:}W@"%(:-",7iFKJg1:0W:#% I.(:I.??%\%",7"7?%%i(:RF^vxK?% B ?%,1*"%P{#YJg1*,1:"7!fW{#21Pu9,-.,1*(:}W1*-^]F.?y)p(:/1 ‡ (:_I/1*8%f W

(51)

(52) D}/1*S#-.z?-..(:V%S[F^IO,1*‰.#kI(:-.'1:-._#21RIO?..[?oF.w#YJM(:-.>‚,1*e@0c twJM?-F.!F.%PF^vxK?P!?%"f1*.!%bF.VF.?e0,1:F1*(:aF.%P"791*-,?%%NI!{F.re0-.F.P#V"7(:v] F.%=/1*?21*-^]UF.%=%",7..G-%fcK„ #z?%-.#[re@??,1*#!bFKJ -."%(:VI.(:VPF.aI.(:I.??%b1*8,1*e@(*‡ .%Xc‚twJM?>@,1*[#SF.%\ `8IO%\F.UF.?e0,1:F1*(:€F.%\"791*-,?%%R%E>01:U\I-.R1 xK%"\#%\F^vxO?8% IOs)+(:/1*"%%P%"7"7?%%a!VF.!,?%"-.[?0WKF.V"%(:^)+(:bF.rIO?..[?0c}‘';I91*"-.#[fW_1 uF. "%(:>@=#YJ [?e0[?r-"-.#[#rF.b#21!-"-.aF.{",791*-?%0Wn[#})Y1*-.i?>‚[=G8-P#21Vu9-.,1*(:F.% /1*?21*-^]PPI.(:I91*e@bD"%(:VI.(:!{#21a)p(:"(:€FKJM?,1*"7?[?aG-.SI?..P#P-.I.IO(:DF.N#21 ",791*-?%U)p(:!D,[‰.#ba#YJMf1*-}c AN1*z#o,1%>01*[#.I.?%?E"YW*#21iI.(:‰.#?/1*G8-RF.o#21Ru9,-.,1*(:VF.% /1*?21*-^]aF.E"791*-,?%%|(:- #%U"791*e@%b?I??%%NF^-,1 u9"r%UI.#[-PI?%"vu9G8-!b1*‰O(:F.?%0cK&_(:-.b#%N"791*-?%%U‰.[-.V[-,% (:-.I.#%k(:-$?I91*,%fW0#21N?IO?[(:$F^-$I91:,1*e@iF.%|IO(:F.w#(:-.F.w[F^-.[k-.$I.7?(:!QiF.Ru9-.,1*(: I91*D)p1*[e0-0ct}%Du9-.%ie@!N1*-‹[‹F.%D/1*?21*-^]‹F.%i"%(:-",7%iI.(*)p(:F.%UF.P#21/"791*-?%a UI.(:I91*e@8D>@\#21!-.s)p1:"%0c. =.

(53) .     

(54) 

(55) .  . NA 1*/#YJM(:‰^qs%"v)bFKJ -.Z![#[#-.€e@%(:Œ$F.€#21I.?>‚(:ŒF.%?%G8-"%%$FKJM8}Wo[#D% ?%"%%T1*[bFKJM?-F^U"%%RI.7?(:!Q%UiF.P"f1*,1:"?,i#-.i>8[%,PFKJM?>@(:#[-.(:}cOAi-€I(:[8=F.N>‚- F.U#YJM?-F.PF.%\F.?e0,1:F1*(:=-"-.#[#%iF.%R"791*-,?%%fW."%(:V!N#21{u9-.,1*(:€I91*E)p1*[e0-0W.#YJM:q(:-",7H1*-.,1*8V#%r"791*-?%%a-.>@%VG8-/#%r",791*-?%%ry]‚,1*%fc &z(:-.V#%a",791*-?%%a-.>@%fWz#21 ![#[#-.H"%(:.91*,1*"%HF.#21Z"[?G-HFKJMF.(:V/1*e@!$I91*b)Y1*G8-$VF.%{)p1:"-.a[# "-91*8 IO!NFKJM(:I.[VN#%U"7(:v]F.%i/1*?21*-^]NF.%U?I91*-.P$!r U-.>‚rF1*U#YJM(:‰^qs%"v) FKJ -.HF^-.?%F.>8$u.].?%0c &_(:-.V#%V",791*-?%%!y]^,1*%XW_#YJ [8?L!?%F.HF1*r#21Z%"7",7€FKJ -. !(X`@ FKJM%[!a#%bF^-.?%%rF./>8V?%F^-#[#%fc_tS%{(:-.[#{-{F.!%"7",7%rI!,1*8VF./"f1 ‡ ,1:"?\#21{>‚[%=F.NF.?e0,1:F1*(:€(*xORF.%E!(f`@DFKJg1*91*#[`‚0W.F.U",7(:v]H\FKJg1*F.P{#21rF.?%"(: IO(:-.w#%o>‚"%%kF.De@%(:F.D?%f1*-^]!(:-.fc‚t}%oF.?%"F.-.EI-.>@8E1*[(:E#%o(:#[-.(: %",7..G-%R)p1:"%P1*-^]I.(:[?%DD1*-^]"7(:v]BIO(:#[[G8-%RyxO%"-?%Xc tSr,1%>01*[#w`‚7??r"w1IO(:-.U‰.-.bF.V"%(:-.[r-.!(‚F.Q#VI.?%F^"v)EF.r#21HF^-.?%VF.r>‚V )Y1*[e0-/F.%{/1*?21*-^];‰.[-.V[-^]/1 q(:[,1*[!VVI.#(X`@?%VF1*b#%a"791*-,?%%fc_„ #w%r1*"-.#? 1*-.(:-.EF.i"[GrI.["[I91*-^]$>@(:#oG8-=(:k#YJM?-F.=y]^IO?[!,1*#UF^-$I.7?(:!QU$#21*‰(:,1*(:[0W‚# ",7(:v]F.=!(8F.?#[T1*(:I(:-.EI.?%8R#21aF.?e0,1:F1*(:}W.#21{VU U-.>‚NFKJM(:-.[#\FKJ F.vu9"f1*(: RF.NI.?%F^"(:}W9#%\?%-.#[,1*RD-.BF..D>@(:#DF.NF^"-,(:}c tSUI.VD"791*I.[NI.?%,N#21a!?7(‚F.=) ,1* f1*,NF.NF^[!(:.!=F.%R"791*-,?%%R-.E#% 1:IO%"zF.k#21D?%,1*"%\D#21D)p1*[e0-0c*tS1="f1*,1:"?,1*(:!F.%z/1*?21*-^]aI91:,wI91*z#21i?f1*#[,1*(:VFKJM%s‡ ,1*bF.V)Y1*[e0-/#21*‰O(:,1*(:[0c  I.(:e0,1*V!$[#21*‰O(:,1*(:[H;"%(:-.{(*xOV-. ?%"791*[#[#(:91*e@ F.%V"%(:^ue0-.,1*(:$y]‚IO?[!,1*#%/I(0[‰.#% B+& 1*#D/1*#Yc[W <GGG Dyc|t}%V%,,1*VF.#21*‰(:,1*(:[B,(: 1*91*#[`^?%=I91*=F^vxK?%U!?7(‚F.%U,1*I.IO#?%%U" 1f>:1*8PFKJg1*‰(:F.U#%N1*I.I.(8",7%UI91*U#21!!?%"f1*.G8- F.=#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!fct|Jg1:"%"%8D%\V\I91*"-.#[D-.E#%R1*I.I.#["f1*(:DI.(:I.%D1*-^]$/1*?21*-^] ‰.[-.V[-^]KcOtS1/F.?/1*",7VF.{"f1*,1:"?T1*(:F.b#21$F.?e0,1:F1*(:€)Y1*[e0-aI.(:I(0?%afJg1*I.I.-.a-. -.U!(‚F.?#[,1*(:€I91*\#21V!?%"f1*.G-PF.P#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!fc AN1*i#{,%"%(:FZ",791*I.[0Wn#{!(‚F.Q#{FKJMF.(:V/1*e@!8P(:#(8"f1*#z"7(:'%iI.?%?0cOt}%=7`8‡ IO(:7Q%%NU#%N?%G-91*(:bF.r‰91:r(:NIO(0?%%NN,1*I.IO#?%%fcK&z1*,1*8bFKJ -.)p(:/1*#[!Ve@??,1*#| )Y1*[e0-0W|#YJg1*I.I.#["f1*(:Ž1*-^] .(:‰?%$"%(:‹"7(:[$F.%!#(:FKJM?>@(:#[-.(:6F.B#YJMF.(:V/1*e@! /1:"(0"%(:I.G8-B"%(:^)p(:!%/1*-^] (:‰,>:1*(:$y]‚IO?[!,1*#%fcwt|Jg1*91*#[`‚,%/1*"-.#?%€ZI91*[/F. #21I.(:IO(0[(:F.F.-^]6#(:FKJM?>@(:#[-.(: F.#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!fc=&z(:-.B#21)p1*[e0-0WR#%"%(:F^[(: IO?%"vu9G8-%iF.a‰.v)+-."f1*(:,(:UI.?%?%%P1*[ G8-{#21!%",7..G-VF^-"f1*#"-.# (:.#(8"f1*#'F.a#YJMF.(:r‡ . . .

(56)     

(57) 

(58) . .  . /1*e@!8fc tSN(:Q!b",791*I.[0W,1*[PI.#[-DI?%"vu9G8-!=F.%=1:IO%"\8-.!?G-%=I.(:I.%Ur#YJ [VI.#21*^‡ ,1*(:‹F^-€!(‚F.Q#bFKJMF.(:V/1*e@!PF1*i#P"%(‚F.bF.{"f1*#"-.#z1*-^]€?#?!iu.UjE1: <GGG ctS1 V/(‚-.>8!F^- "f1*#"-.#oHe0,1*F;(:b‰.F./"`^"#%PI91:,VI91*b-./%"7..G8-$F.!T1*-.{F.!"`^"#% ?>‚[,1*P#/"f1*#"-.#kF.V#YJ ["?!8aFKJMF.(:V/1*e@!8aI91*b[?e0,1*(:-.b"791:G8-/"`^"#!F.!",791*e@y‡ !8fcXtS1E>01*#[F1*(:{F.w#YJ [VI.#21*,1*(:rF.|#YJg1*#[e@(:[7.!o%}yxK%"-?%w-.}-.{"f1:SF.'?y)p?"%|-..21 ]^21*#Yc  a)p(:N#%P(:-.[#NI.?%8?%fWK#!G8-91*Q!!",791*I.[!I.?%8!#21!?7(‚F.!FKJ F.vu9"f1*(:F.% F^vxK?HI91*,1*!Q%BF^-4!(‚F.Q#‹FKJMF.(:V/1*e@!8fcDt}%F.(:.?%%y]^IO?[!,1*#%I.(X>8.8 FKJM%T1*N?f1*#[?%b1*-;t_1*‰(:,1*(:[Hjo,1*#kF.%{&_(:8{rjk791*-?%%- B+t_jo&oEj DP1*-;"%(:-.{F.!"%r,1%>01*[# RFKJM%T1*\-..21 ]‚21*-^]?f1*#[?%iF1*\#P"f1:F^PFKJ -.b"%(:>@(:b#Nt_jo&kj R#YJM‘|"%(:# U1*(:91*# F.%RdS,1%>01*-^]B&'-.‰.#["%DF.PtwJ  ,1* B+‘ =d\&|S‘ Dyc AN1*E#N"[G8-.Q!N"791*I.[0W.#%RI.VQ%\>:1*#[F1*(:RI(:8D-.E#21r"%(:VI91*,1*(:€F.%\[{-.#21 ‡ (:_F1*K#|"f1:SFKJM%,,1*}F.',1:"(:a"%(:VI.%(:{_FKJM%,1*}F. "9y]^(:{-.}?I.(:-.>@w,1*IO?mf( YF1*#0c t}%N"%(:VI91*,1*,(:b!#%N[b-.#21*(:{N#%U?%-.#[,1*Py]^I?[!8,1*-^]F1*P#a"f1:bF.%N%,1*NF. )Y1*[e0-R"%(: :#?%o!F.?I.#21:"%!E(:8k"%(:VI.#??%|I91*kF.%w%,1*w"%(: :#?%w!)+(:"%0c@tS%w[{-.#21*(: (:8k-.[%EyxK%"-?%%k-.kFKJg1*-.%oe@?%(:!?%fc^t}="f1*,1:"QiF^"[V[91*8\F.i"%%o%,1*kF^vxO?8 >‚{B>8{F.%{F.-^] `8IO%{F./#(:{FKJM?>@(:#[-.(:F.$#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!!%{I.?%?H1 uF.F^"-. F^-"f1*,1:"QV[8[Q%G-VF^-!(‚F.Q#aI.(:I(0,?0cKt}%U["%[-F.%PI.(:I.%b$#21$!(‚F.?#[,1*(:;F^-F^s‡ IO(0[v)|y]‚IO?[!,1*#'(:8i?>01*#[-?%%U€!aF.PI.?%F^"(:F.bF^-.?%aF.P>‚0c9‘'^u}W#YJ [# "-"%aF.% I91*,1*!Q%iF^-B!(8F.Q#bFKJMF.(:V/1*e@!=(:B#(8"f1*#_%RF^"-.?%0c . .

(59)

(60)  

(61)        

(62)      

(63)      

(64)   .  S

(65)   '     !#"%$'&)(!*,+.-/0100101001010010100101021001010 43 576857685 9;:7<;=?>A@8:7<4<4BDC2BE<F>HG,I J;<4BK=ML;NOJPAPAQEBR66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66U5)V 5768576WV XY<;ZA:\[Q)P][4@^>_J4C2@`<;BEJ'ab6S6S66S66S66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66U5)c 5768576 d efBDPA:7@8<;PfBE< >_BEZ_C0BSG'BSg;ZAQ)G'@8=?>A@8:7<h66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66U5Di j3 kml)lD$;(!l0no-qpr$'&)(!s +o-tl)+o -#uvwx#l1(y&)+o"z(!u.-F+o{|-#u}!$'xw$'&D (yw-~001010 ' 576WV'685 €oZ_N\=>_@`:\<ƒ‚„:7C2g4Z_BDP_PA@`:\<† !€‡‚]ˆ]G4BS‰I XxŠ‡€]‹xXR66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66U5DŒ 576WV'6WV 9.‰8B?a'@`:\<6S6S66S6T6S66S6S66S66S66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66ŽVO 5\6 V46 V46`5 9.‰8B?a'@`:\< PAJ4ZQDg4ZA:\J4‘7BE>’>_Bm>_Z_N7gQD“E:\”•G4N7‰`BT<4:\ZAC–NO‰8@—P’QDB 6S66S6S66S66ŽVO 5\6 V46 V46 V 9.‰8B?a'@`:\< ˜FJ;NO>AZ_Bg:\@`<F>_P66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66ŽV'5 576WV'6 d XxP_P_NO@™G'BK=E@8P_NO@8‰`‰8BEC2BD<\>HG'Jtš‚„‹f‚›66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66ŽV7V —œ So#u."%#u.s (!- no-#l–-#lDl)$4(l1n.-qpr$'&D(s+.- 10100101021001010 3 ž 576 d4685 Ÿt@—=?Z_:2B?>C–N7=EZA:0 P_P’J;Z_NO>A@8:7<|6S66S66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66ŽVOi 576 d46WV Xx=MLNOJ'¡¢BEC2BE<F>R6S6T6S66S6S66S66S66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66ŽV\£ 576 d46 d €]L4@`a':O>_ZA:\g4@`BTB?>‡N7J'>A:\ZAQDg;NOZMNw>_@`:\<|6S66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66ŽVOŒ 8¤ ¥¦F&D.™no-#l0nx§8(!u¢&)-\¨.w\&)$'&D(u©+o&D(!(!l)#-#l10010100101021001010 3ª 576 «;685 X¬a'g4‰8:7@`>_NO>A@8:7<ƒG'BDP‡=?:7J;ZA[ BDP]G'BS­}®\L4‰`BDZ¯6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66ŽVOŒ 576 «;6WV °‡g4g4Z_:#=ML;BTQD<4BEZ_±7QE>A@—˜FJ4B/6S66S66S66S6S6T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66d7 576 «;6 d °‡g4g4Z_:#=ML;BTgNOZ‰—N1C2Q)=ENO<;@8˜FJ4B‰8@`<4Q)NO@8ZABSG'B‰—N2ZAJ;g'>AJ4Z_B|66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66d\V jž ²³¨.¨.(!´7$4&D(! uRno-t$µ"%#´7$;uo(*,+o-tn.-t¶§8-Fu.n."%"z$4s-#"%-Fu¢&$4+v{R-#uvwx#l·(j¸ &D+."%(!u.-#+v{ 0010100101001010010100101021001010 œ œ F.

(66) %.    

(67) .

(68) .     #         

(69) 

(70)        . 576Wc'685 Ÿt:'GD‰`B)P][;N7PAQDPPAJ4Z‰•I N7g4g4Z_:'=ML4BTG4BSN7=ML;N7<4:w‘·6S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66d7d 5\6 c46`5\6`5 Ÿt:'G D‰`BSJ;<4@8NOa'@8N7‰¢G4QE‘7BD‰`:\g4g Q 1‰•I XxŠ‡€]‹YX 6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66dO« 5\6 c46`5\6 V Ÿt:'G D‰`B)Pd ¦N7g4g4‰8@8˜FJ4Q)PNOJ'a BDP_PAN7@8P]G'BS‰—NO[ :7ZMNw>_:7@8ZAB 6T6S66S6S66S66dO« 5\6 c46`5\6 d Ÿt:'G D‰`B)P„d  N7g4g4‰8@8˜FJ4Q)P K‰8N1G'QE±\Z_N\G4Nw>_@`:\<2G4BmP’>AZ_J;=>_J4ZAB)P„G4Bm=ML;N7J;PAPAQEB d7i 576Wc'6WV Ÿt:'G D‰`B)P][;N7PAQDPPAJ4Z‰•I N7g4g4Z_:'=ML4BTG4B '=ML;NOg BEZ  6S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66d7i 5\6 c46 V46`5 ‹:O>_BE<F>A@8BE‰™>AL4BDZAC2:'G #<;NOC2@—˜FJ4B26T6S66S66S6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66d7i 5\6 c46 V46 V ‹YZ_@8<;=?@8gBKG4BK=?:7Z_Z_BDPAg:\<;G4NO<=?B‡QD‰8N\P¶>_@8˜FJ4B‘#@—PA=E:FQD‰8N\P¶>_@8˜FJ4B¯6S6S66S66dF£ 5\6 c46 V46 d šv:7@™G,I QE‘\:7‰8J'>A@8:7<ƒG'BS‰•I BD<;G':7C2C–NO±\BEC2BE<F> 6S66S66S6T6S66S6S66S66dF£  · u.´7!+.l)(! u 010100101001010010100101021001010 œ .

(71) %%. & 1*V.#%'F^vxK?'/1*?21*-^]r-.[#[?% IO(:-.z#21D)Y1*‰."f1*(:!F.% "%(:I|F.E"791*-?%0W*#% /1*?21*-^] ‰.[-.V[-^](:V#%aI.#[-VVI.#(f`@?%Xc'‘'ŠyxOfWz#%r"791*-,?%%V(:-.I.#%fWz#%r"791*-?%%r‰.[-.V[-,% ?I91*,%!!#%/",791*-?%%$Vv‡Y[e0F.%fW|["#[-91*8F.%$.(:‰?%/‰.[-.V[-^]OWwI.?%8 F@ F.% ",791*-?%%PF^-?%,f1*-91*(:91*#|)+,1* f1*P"%(:"%?%F.?!(:-(:W BY5‚‘|d\h ~ {t_jo&kj=W <GGG Dyc}tS%b"791*-,?%% Z‰?(:F.b"[!8={"%(:%IO(:F.PG8-}Jg1*-^] J F^-‹?%f1*-Z%,1*fcKjo%iF..Q%N(:8fWnF.bI.#[-fW e@??,1*#!8P%"%(:-.>@%NF.a/1*?21*-^]Z‰.[-.V[-^]"%(:VI.{8-F.%Uy]‚[e@"%%NF.r"%(:^)p(:=NF. ?%"-.[?bF.U#21V"%(:-"7PF.P(:-.#!fc tSa)+(:"(:.!8b!?%"f1*.G8-Ve0#(:‰91*#wF.r#21H-"-.!F.V",791*-?%!"%(:%I(:F;HF.r#21 "9y]^(: G8-.}NI.(‚F^-.[iV",791:G-bI91:,1*e@PFKJM%-€F.NIO(:F.R#(:-.FKc  P",791*-?%N‰.[-.V[-aN"%(:VIO(: "%(:V!{-.{-"-.{{-.#["%(:-"7VIO(0,1*8=-.=-.-.I.I(:UF.?y)p(:/1*‰.#0cKjk791:G8-b)+(:F‹F.{"%(:-",7 %R,(:-.VDr#YJg1:"(:€?IO??%PF.P"%(:8,1*[%=F.N,1:"(:€I.(X>@(8G8-91*U1*[}-.PF.?e0,1:F1*(:Z[^u.v‡ ?%[/1*#bF.%\/1*?21*-^]Oc ‘|€!aF.b"%(:VIO(:!PF^-€/1*?21*-}W#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!8NI91*D)Y1*[e0-b%=F.?yu.z"%(:V!{#21     ' 

(72)    

(73)   

(74)               '    

(75)   

(76) 

(77)    

(78)                   

(79)         B+tS1*#21*.0W ;FFF Dycjo%kF.??(:,1*(: IO-.>@U"%(:F^-.[a!#21V-.I.-.aF^-€/1*?21*-IO(:-.iF.%i1*VI.#[[-F.%NF.{(:#[#["[,1*(:‹‰.Z[^)p?-.% a#21a#[[V[{F.U?%,1*"%PF^-/1*?21*-‹(:-R"791*e@!8i!(:(:(:0c t_1R?IO?[(:!F.k"%%'",791*e@!|.e@F^0W@DQ% #(:.eU!0W:F.%zF.?e0,1:F1*(:wF.wI.#[-'aI.#[- [VIO(:,1*%kI(:-.>01*k!i$"f1*-R#21UIO?..[?=F.\#21P-"-.0c^joRI.7?(:!Q=F.E)Y1*[e0-DF^/1*?21*-;1*#[QVF.(:"a#21F^-.,1*‰.[#[[?!F.%N-"-.%NF.r"791*-,?%%PNF.(:[NLrI.N"%(:VI.rIO(:-. I91*>@.[Da-.=I.?%F^"(:€F.U#-.RF^-.?%NF.=>‚0c.„ #K"%(:[-U-.:q-[VI(:,1*8DF.=#21a,1*(:91*#[,1 ‡ (:BF.N#21ae@%(:€F.%R"791*-,?%%R-.>@%i(:-€y]‚,1*%fc ~ -YW*IO(:-.w1*‰(:F.|"%\-:qsfW:#21iI.(:‰.#?/1*G8-R(:-.Q\,1*8k1*-V.[>@f1*-/-"-.\G8-E/1*?21*%$(:-.FKJg1*‰O(:FŒI.?%"?%ZF1*#ZI91*,1*e0,1*I.7 B ; c ; DyckAU%H%,1*$F.B)Y1*[e0-Z4#21*‰O(:,1*(:[‹,(: -.[#[?%|I(:-.|#21PF.?V[91*(:F.%k"f1*,1:"?G-%oF.\#21U?%,1*"%DF.%'/1*?21*-^]!‰.[-.V[-^]$1*-^] (:#[#["[,1*(:o"`^"#[G-%fc8„ #w(:oI.?%?%oF1*k#R%"%(:F!I91*,1*e0,1*I.7 B ; c < Dyc8tS1NI.7?(:!?(:#(:e0UF. #21EIOwF.w,1*F.-._F.%_/1*?21*-^]P‰.[-.V[-^]OW #(:SF.k"%%_%,,1*fW%%_#21*[>@!'"%(:VI.#y]^k"%(:VI. 8- F.$#21B91*-.HF^- /1*?21*-}c'‘'#[#%aF.?%"[HF1*a#!I91*,1*e0,1*I.73 B ; ?c >IDyc t}$I91*,1*e0,1*I.73 B ; c JD F.(:.N-.U>‚-PF.%\!?7(‚F.%DFKJ [8I.?,1*(:‹F.b"%%R%,1*fc AN1*o#YJM(:‰^q%"v)zFKJM."7.[D#21bF.%"[I.(:BF.=#21{F.?e0,1:F1*(:€)p1*[e0-UF.%o/1*?21*-^]F.i",791*-s‡ ?%%XW@-./!(‚F.Q#i-$F.i#21b!?%"f1*.G-=F.D#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!8D%k-F1*o#D"f1:F^UF.D"%i,1%>01*[#Yc . . .

(80) .  . . . 

(81). . . .

(82) 

(83)

(84).  . .

(85). . . .  . . . . . . .

(86) %(O.    

(87) .

(88) .     #         

(89) 

(90)        . }t %kI.["[I91*-^]/!(‚F.Q#%kk#(:kFKJM?>@(:#[-.(:F.D#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!R-.[#[?%kIO(:-.w#%o.(:‰?%k‰.[-.Vv‡ -^](:iF.(:"NI.?%?%=1*-BI91*,1*e0,1*I.7 B ; c = Dyc . 

(91)  

(92) .   .  

(93) "!$#&%'

(94)

(95) )( 

(96) *#,+-/.

(97) 0!21"3. 54.  R",791*-?%R%k"%(:[-?%DFKJ -.VI.[#!EF.R"%(:-"7%EF.\/1*?21*-^]!e0,1*8-.#21*[%k#[?%k(:-!(: IO(0,1*i-.\-.B(:#S-.I.IO(:fc9jk791:G8-P"%(:-"7a1a-.B:#N‰.BF.?yu. B+3z[ec ; c ; Dyc 6 tS%o"%(:-",7%\FKJg1:%XW8"%(:-",7=F.D)p(:F1*(:HE"%(:-"7UF.i‰91:="%(:[-\#="%(:IEF.i",791*-s‡ ,?%0c|‘'#[#%!>@8$‹?I91*[/#%/"791*e@%![F^-.[%/I91*V#,1 u9"€1 u F.#%r,1*!Z1*,(:#v‡ -.I.I(:fcz‘'#[#%{I-.>@8aL$F.!91*-.$F^["$(:-(:}WS(:[{,1*[?%%a1*-#[21*a7`^F^,1*-^‡ #[G8-r(:-Z78`‚F^(‚"f1*‰O(:?0WK(:[i(:,1*[?%%fWOZ)+(:"(:F.a#YJM>‚[(:.!{UF^-‹,1 u9"r-.‰. I91*D#21V-"-.0c 6 tS%k"%(:-",7%oF.=-.s)Y1:"%D"%(:VI.91*8E%,#[#!8o#21b"%(:-"7UF.R(:-.#!8\(:oI(:-.k‰.-.kF. I.(:?e@a#%{1:,%PF.%{[^u#[,1*(:{FKJMf1*-bF./#YJg1*e0%[>‚[?!F^-;,1 u9"0c_‘'#[#%bIO-.>@rL -.b"%(:-"7bFKJM.(:‰O?%D(:--.b[VI.#P"%(:-"7{FKJMF^-.[fc 6 AU%="%(:-"7%U-.I.I.#?!8,1*[%UI-.>@8=?>@8-#[#!bLb,1 qs(:-.?%%fWn"%(:V!0W#21!"%(:-"7aF. #[21*,(:!I(:-.w1:,-.|-.V‰O(:!"%(:#[#21*e@RD#21U"%(:-"7DF.E(:-.#!8k|#%k1:%fW:(:-}W:#21N"%(:-",7 F.N)+(:!UIO(:-.i1*I.#21*.[R#%\7??(:e@??[?%UF^-B(:#v‡ -.I.I(:fc t_1Z"%(:"%I.(: F.%r",791*-?%%rI91:$I91*r#H"7(:v] FKJ -.H-"-.F."791*-,?%0c't}I.?%F^[!^‡ (:.!8$F.#21-"-.BIO!$F.BF.?V[#%!?I91*,-./F.%/"%(:-",7%1*[DG-B#%/"f1 ‡ ,1:"?G8-%a!?%"f1*.G-%VF.%r/1*?21*-^]VI.#(f`@?%fc't_1B!?7(‚F.$) ,1* f1*HF.F^[!(:.! F.%i"791*-?%%U"%(:{V>@?vu9=G-{"%{-"-.b?IO(:FZ1*-^]€"[Q%=F.bF^-.,1*‰.[#[[? B+t_jo&kj 5‚‘|d\h ~ W ;FF JDyc|‘|#[#"%(:VI.F F.-^]?,1*IO%fc &'VQ!8$#21Z!?7(‚F.HI.?>@(:[!#"f1*#"-.#RVv‡ 1*91*#[`‚G-rF.%N",791*VINF.a"%(:8,1*[%{UF.rF.?y)p(:/1*(:;F1*=#21-"-.!$#YJg1*F.aFKJ -.!(‚F.Q# !?%"f1*.G8-V1 ]‚`‚!?G8-{F.ab-.#["%(:-",7!?#21:G8- B+Ck-.VfW ;F J>^W ;F J = DycOAU-^]‚Q!!8fWO#% >01*#-.\F.N(:#[#["[,1*(:R"[G8-%\IO(:-.\#21bIO?..[?PF.=#YJM(:-.>‚,1*e@P(:R"%(:VI91*?%%i1%>@%"PF.%E>01*#-. 1:F^V[‰.#%fc ~ "%B,1:F.0W'#21!?7(‚F.[8Qe0B-.€1*I.I.(‚"7ZI.(:‰91*‰.[#[€F.B#21F^I(: /F^"f1*,1:"QU1*#?f1*(:[UF.%|)Y1:"-._qs(:-91*8k-.$ :#iF1*o#21N8-UF.R#21{"791*-?% B >01*21*‰.[#[[?iF.%o"f1*,1:"y‡ ?G8-%\F.%\/1*?21*-^]BRF.%\?I91*-.DF.UVNB(8-.>‚0W.F^IO(:BF.%E?%-.#[,1*RF.%D%,1* F.=)Y1*[e0-7 Dyc &z(:-.'#EF^[!(:.!fW-.#% #% (:#[#["[,1*(:|F^-%|1*-rI91:,1*e@EF.%zI(:F. #(:-.F.',(:'"%(:VI^‡ ,1*‰.[#[?%XcX‘'#[#% -.#% 1 xO%"8_#21DIO?..[?kF.w#21D-"-.oF.|/1*.QE[e0.vu9"f1*[>@or"%(:VI91*,1*(: . .

(98) %#.       

(99)      . Couche de roulement. Couches de surface. Couche de liaison (éventuelle). Couche de base Couches d’assise.  Couche de fondation                                     Couche deforme (éventuelle)                                                                        Sol    support                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

(100)  . ; c;. & . .    

(101)          . #

(102) 

(103)               

(104)    #  

(105) . f1 >@%"N"%#[#%RF.%E>@?7."-.#%\#?e@fW.%[!?%%DF.i#YJM(:F^bF.i-.V[#[#[(:BF.=)p(:E!(:[E[VIO(:,1*%RIO(:-. #21r",791*-?%PG8-N"%#[#%DF.%\IO(:F.\#(:-.F.fc tS%|"[Q%wF.RF^-.,1*‰.[#[[?iF.\#21U"791*-,?%R8-|IO(:-.|#\F^[!(:.!\(:8wF.\F.-^]!(:F^% B+t_jo&oj6=5‚‘|d\h ~ W ;FF J&z`‚(:.b=jE1*(*x'W ;FF); D%& 6 &|VQ!fWF1*o#YJM(:‰^q%"v)_FKJMVIL%",7E#D,1:,!\F^-,(:#n-.I.IO(:o8,1 91*\-.H(:.?y‡ ,1*e@bF.N#21r"791*-,?%0W.#21r>01*#-.RF.N#21rF.?y)+(:/1*(:Z>@"f1*#0W(:?%  B+3z[ec ; c ; DyWr#21r-.s)Y1:"% F^-(:#o-.I.I(:aF.(:[{I91:aF.?I91:a-.$"%,1*[$#[[V[0c|jo#[#y‡ "o%a"f1*#"-.#?%HBI91*[rF. ?%-.#[,1*Ny]‚IO?[!,1*-^]=%i)p(:"(:‹F^-,1 u9"a=F.%U"f1*,1:"?G8-%NF.%=/1*?21*-^]‹F. #21VI.#21*y‡p)+(:!0c 6 AU-^]^Q!!fWn#21a>:1*#-.iF.%DF.?y)p(:/1*(:DF.N,1:"(:ZV#21a‰91:PF.%R"%(:-",7%iF.U/1*?21*-^] #[?%XWk(:?%  B+3_[ec ; c ; DyWoZF.(:[HI91:HF.?I91:H-.‹"%,1*[#[[V[0WEŒ>‚-ZF.‹#[[V[H#21 u9,-.,1*(:€F.=#21r-"-.0ctSr"%(:0W#21b#[[V[{1:F^V[‰.#N%o)p(:"(:€F.%\"f1*,1:"?G8-% F.%D/1*?21*-^]BVI.#(f`@?%="f1*,1:"??%%D#21*‰O(:,1*(:[0c tSNI.VR!?%"f1*.!{F.PF.?e0,1:F1*(:}W#(:G8-}J [#SU/1*.v)p%0WnU,1:F^-.[RI91*DF.%D[?e0-.#21*[?% F1*i#PI.(*u#z#(:.e0[-F^[91*#'G-91*#[vu9?aFKJM(:.?,1*e@VVe0,1*FZ,1%`@(:}WOG-._I-.=?>@-#[#!8Pb-.IOs‡ IO(0a1f>@%"#YJM(:.?,1*e@F.$-.(:-I.#[--.r"%(:-",7%VF.//1*?21*-^];‰.[-.V[-^]"%(:F^-.,1*/€F.% .

(106) %X.    

(107) .

(108) .     #         

(109) 

(110)        . F.?y)p(:/1*(:UF^-ZI.(*u# ,1*>@,1*#'F1*i#%=,1:"%%=F.%=(:-% B !|,1:}W ;FF= Dyc}jo%N1:I%"i (:8'I91:|1*‰(:F.?%'F1*w"%E7Q%E( !-.#^#oF.-^]^Q!E!?%"f1*.!RF.EF.?e0,1:F1*(:/"%(:%I(:F1*8 a#21{u9-.,1*(:BI.(:e0%[>@PF.P#21r"791*-?%{(:-E#%R",791*e@!U"`‚"#[G8-%R%i"%(:F.??0c jk791:G8-I91:,1*e@HFKJM%-F.I(:F.a#(:-.FŠ.e@F^H-.?,1*VF."%(:8,1*[%$"%(:VI.#y]^1*-Š[ F.%r/1*?21*-^]ŠF.%VF^vxO?8%/"%(:-",7%fc't}%!"%(:-",7%V‰.[-.V[-%/-.‰.!%,#[#!8/F.% F.(:V/1*e@%EF^-kP#YJg1:"(:"%(:-.I.#?%=F.%o"`‚"#%oF.R,1:"(:H"%(:VI.%(:}W‚F1*w#21bF^[%"(:$I91*,1*#[#Q#U #YJg1 ].\F.\(:-.#!owF1*'#21NF^[%"(:/,1*>@,1*#i=#21U",791*-?%0c8tS1=ue0-. ; c < [#[#[-R#\I.(*u#9F. F.?y)p(:/1*(:$#(:.e0[-F^[91*#=!%-.?UN#21P‰91:DFKJ -.="%(:-"7UF.i"791*-?%0c ~ (:EG-D#21PF^`‚!? F^-B[e091*#_%RF^-ba#21a>‚"%(8?#21:"[?PF^-B/1*?21*-}c.

(111)  . ; c<. &

(112)                            

(113)   '

(114) 

(115) 

(116)                     #

(117)

(118)                         #   . ~ #YJg1*I.I.(‚"7\F.o#21i"791*e@0W*#YJM?,1*'F.EF.?y)+(:/1*(:VF.% "%(:-"7%'I.(*)p(:F.% F.E"791*-?%E"%(:%IO(:F i-.\"%(:,1:"(:$F^-V/1*?21*-}W:I.-.fW0(:- #21="791*e@Di-.\y]^(:rI(:-. u.['I91* -.\"%(:8,1:"(: 1f>:1*8 F.k(:-.>@|(:a?,1*'1*-aIO(0_#(:,G-k#21D",791*e@\fJM?#(:[e00c:t|JMy]^(:V-.‰.wI91* #k/1*?21*-}W %\F.U>01*#-.R-.IO?-.Pa#21{,(:#[#["[,1*(:€F.N"%(:,1:"(:}cntS1a>:1*#-.RF.NF.?y)p(:/1*(:B/1 ]^[/1*#N% 1*[8P#(:G8-U#YJg1 ]^NF.P#21r"791*e@b%\>@(:[PF.N#21a>@"f1*#{F^-I(:[8D"%(:F.??0c t_1b?IO?[(:€F^-HI91:,1*e@NF.%EIO(:F.E#(:-.F.\,1 {1*[}F.%\"`‚"#%\F.U",791*e@!iF.(:8R#YJg1*r‡ I.#[[-F.0W‚!L!iQ%kIO[ B+F.D#YJM(:F^UF. ;G ;GG ! "#DwF.>:1*8o#21aF.?y)p(:/1*(:BP-.I.-.U !(:(:(:0W.IO-.D.e@F^=F.%RF.??(:,1*(:iF.U#21!"791*-?%{a#(:.e!!0ctS1rV"(/F.?e0,1:F1*(: r#YJM?%",7#[#rF^-€/1*?21*-}WN,1*s)p(:!a1*#(:=Bu9,-.bV#YJM?%",7#[#rF.P#21V-"-.aF.b",791*-?%0ctS1 ue0-. B ; ?c >ID\I.?%,a-.‹,1:F.b-.#[[!aF^-ZI.(‚"%%-=F.b)p1*[e0-{#(:G8-b#21Vu9-.,1*(:G-.'1*I.I91*,1  I.(*)p(:F.-.iF1*\#21!"791*-?%0Wn1*[D#21r-.s)p1:"%0c.

(119) %$.       

(120)      .

(121)  . ; c?>. & 

(122)          .   

(123)                .   . oj %Ru9-.%R)p1f>@(:=#%D[^u#[,1*(:UFKJMf1*-Z>@D#%i"%(:-"7%UF.N)p(:!bR#{(:#S-.I.IO(:DIO(:-^‡ >01*R"%(:F^-.[aa#21VF.%-"(:€F.N#21a(:,1*#[[?{F.U#21V"791*-,?%0c t_1V!?7(‚F.aF.{F^[!(:.!PF.%="791*-,?%%U"%(:bF.(:"0W‹I91*0W$VIL%",7i#21/I.(*‡ I91*e1*(:FKJ -.au9-.aF.I.-.U#%N"%(:-",7%PFKJg1:,%wqs-G8-}Jg$#21$-.s)p1:"%rF.a#21"791*-?%V!,1*8  U-.>8=F.%E?I91*-.EF.R/1*?21*-- /,1*8%\"%(:VI.D8-F^-$,1 u9"=oF.%E"f1*,1:"?G8-%EF.% /1*?21*-^]-.[#[?%fc .  . .

(124) &

(125) 4 . % # . ( %

(126) .. St %V.(:‰?%r‰.[-.V[-^]-.[#[?%aI(:-.a)Y1*‰.G-V#%rF^vxK?%!"%(:-",7%!F.#21‹"791*-?%0W',(: "%(:[-?%\FKJ -.!?#21*.e@NF.Ue0,1*8-.#21* B+"f1*[#[#(:-^]KW,1*‰.#Uou% Do\FKJ -.#[21*fW^#U‰.[-.!0W^-F.=#21 F^[#[#21*(:rF^-bIO?(:#0c*ƒ‹1*#[e0?k,1E)Y1*[‰.#|I.(:IO(:(:}WJ= H {IO(:F.fW%#k#[21*z‰.[-.V[-^]{"%(:8[‰.-0W IO(:-.b-./e0,1*F./I91*fWz1*-"%(:VIO(:!Ve0#(:‰91*#kF^-/1*?21*-Š"%(:VI(0[!u91*#Yc_„ #|#[-.o"%(:^)+Q% I.(:I.??%D>8"%(‚?#21:G8-%R\#-.DF.?IOF1*"%{1f>@%"N#21aVI?,1*-.0c AU%o!(‚F.Q#%\F.="%(:VIO(:!i>8,"%(8?#21:G8-=(:D1*[O-.[#[?%EIO(:-.\"f1*,1:"?\#=/1*?21*.(:‰O?E(:‰.-}c8jE1*#?\-. #% !%-.%wy]‚IO?[!,1*#%fW@I91*V.(:- #% !(8F.Q#%|F^I(:.[‰.#% B+<=(:I./1* {1*#Yc[W ;FFIH D B+&z1*  MU[BW <GG); DyW}#V!(‚F.Q#V7?%(:#(:e0G8-/>‚"%(‚?#21:G8-VF.!<D-s‡ˆ5^1f`@e0L7 B+<i-fW ;F@ > '5^1%`@e07}W ;F@IH DyW -.(:-.{-.[#[,?/3.,1*"%0W_(*xO$#21![#[#-.HF.%"[I.(: VI(:#[#HP)+?y‡ G8-#[#$F^-"%(:VI(:!8aF.%{.(:‰?%N‰.[-.V[-^+] B+F./tS1hD(‚"70W ;FF@ Dyc}t}%{1*I.I.#["f1*(:aF^-.

(127) %.    

(128) .

(129) .     #         

(130) 

(131)        . !(‚F.Q#HF.<D-s‡ˆ5^1f`@e07 F1*VF.%V!(‚F.Q#%V>:A IO!/F.[b-.#V#YJM?>@(:#[-.(: "%(:VI.#y].F.% ",791*VINF.a"%(:8,1*[!UF.rF.?y)+(:/1*(:(:-=#aI91:,1*e@aFKJ -.V"791*e@ B+<=%" ‹N1*#Yc[W ;FFA D BYjk791 ‡ ‰O(:NP&'21*-}W <GG); Dyc_jor!(‚F.Q#V,1$-.[#[?rI(:-.PF.?%"[!#V"%(:VI(:!8P7!(:!?%"f1*.G-$F.% .(:‰O?%\‰.[-.V[-^]€H)Y1*[e0-PF1*\#P",791*I.[N Jc t_1P"%(:[‰.-.(:BF^-#[21*o‰.[-.V[-^]H1*-^]!I.(:I.??%EF.i-.I.-.iF^-$/1*?21*-F.(:.i?e1*#!8 #[-ŒF.%!?-F.%/IO?%"vu9G8-%/-.!#H#[21*8$/,%VI.(:I.??%$F.u9-.,1*(: B+CE?e07.[ 1*#Yc[W <GG >  ƒ1*[#[#21*FKW <GG< Dyc}jo%D)p1:"-.N1 xK%"U#21$F^-.,1*‰.[#[[?aF.%U-"-.%UF.a"791*-,?%%=G8-. %U1*‰O(:F.?% "KI91*R-.{1*I.I.(8",7N/1:"(0"%(:I.G8-bF^-€"%(:VIO(:!=F^-B/1*?21*-B‰.[-.V[-^]Kc tSVF^[!(:.!rF.%P?I91*-.{F.V"%(:-"7%{F.!"791*-,?%!%N‰91:?V-.N#YJM?-F./y]‚IO?[!^‡ ,1*#rF^-/1*?21*-#(:NFKJM%,1*NF.{)Y1*[e0-0cKtS1%"7..G8-!FKJ [8I.?,1*(:;-!I91*=#21$!?7(‚F. )+,1* f1*w"%(:%I(:Fa\-.E1*I.I.(8",7k"#21:G-kP)Y1*[e0-wF.%_/1*?21*-^]Oc*‘'#[#o%S‰91:?%k-.}#YJMy]^I.#(:v‡ ,1*(:‹F.%D"%(:-.‰O%iF.NLl K:7.#i=,1!F.?>@#(:I.IO?%{1*-ZI91*,1*e0,1*I.7 B ; c Jc ; Dyc‘'#[#b-.[#[P#%D?%-.#[,1* FKJM%T1*NF.a)p1*[e0-r(:/1*#[?%{yxO%"-?%b-.NF.%P?I.(:-.>@%b"%(:(:#%P,1*I?mf( YF1*#%fcStS1HF^-.?%!F. >‚$"%(:8>@(:.#[#!8$u.].?%H"%(:V!H#H(:b‰.F.H"`^"#%r?%"%%,1*[HIO(:-.V1*[F^B-.$IO F./,1*F.-.{F. =G F.%b?%",791*[#[#(:V%?%b%r1*[w!%-.?%$)p(:"(: F^-.[>@f1*-F.$(:#[#["[,1 ‡ (:}c958-.[PaF.%R%T1*ErF^vxK?R.[>@f1*-^]HF.N(:#[#["[,1*(:}W#21b>01*#-.RF.U#21aF.?y)+(:/1*(:}W(:?%  "%(:%IO(:F1*Ua-.PF^-.?%PF.U>‚NF. ; V[#[#[(:ZF.N"`^"#%R%iF.?V[?%PI91*\[IO(:#21*(:}c joIOF1*fW"%P!?7(‚F.P-.[#[,?%PIO(:-.D#%D",791*-?%%iP>‚NI91:=/1*[F^aF.%R.[>@f1*-^]€F. (:#[#["[(:{[^)p?-.rB-./#[[V[FKJMF^-.,1*"%HF^-;/1*?21*- B .[>@f1*-F.$(:#[#["[,1*(:F.%(:- F^-G8-#S[#z}J `€1*-.,1*[iI91:iI.(:e0%(:F.{#YJMF.(:V/1*e@! DyW}"%{#[[V[b}Jg1f`1*NI91:=??bV,b ?>‚F."%Py]^I?[!8,1*#!NIO(:-.R#%R/1*?21*-^]B‰.[-.V[-^]KcOjo(:8,1*[!Pr#YJg1*I.I.(‚"7{[F^-s‡ #[#{F.PI.aZ"%(:VI.aF.P#21V)p1*[e0-0WnZ!?%"f1*.G8-{F.%i"791*-,?%%fW9#21!!?7(8F.{PIO!iG8- F.i#[[V[E#DI.(‚"%%-oF.iF.?e0,1:F1*(:I91*EF^[V[-.(:ZF^-$.[>@f1*-F.%E(:#[#["[,1*(:R1*[\F1*o#21 -"-.0c . .  . . .   %

(132)  

(133) #  2 (  + . &4)+. . %'!$#&% 

(134). wt Jg1*I.I.(8",7=1:F.(:I.?%iI91*|#21N!?7(‚F.\)+,1* f1*iF.RF^[!(:.!R",7"7UU#[[V[o#21UI.(:I91 ‡ e1*(:VF.%_u9-.% F.w)p1*[e0-0c:‘'#[#oE"%(:F^-.[ I91: =F.%z[F^"f1*-.'-.z#21="[?G-EF.oF.?e0,1:F1*(: [^‡ [-BG8-.}IO!=F.U,1*(:91*#[D#21aIO(:#[[G-bFKJMZF.%i"791*-,?%%fc A=-‹I(:[8NF.{>‚-rF^-Ze@%(:.91*[VF.{?%,f1*-‹(:-.fW#21$I.(:‰.#?/1*G8-r#[?%r$#21$F^-.,1*‰.[#[[?VF.% ",791*-?%%'% ‰91:?%E-. #\"%(:VI.(:V|8E#YJ [>@%,!k #21D)+?%G-"%\ !*(:-V#YJ [VIO(:,1*"%\F.% (:IO?,1*(:UFKJM}c}t}%U-"-.%NF.a"791*-,?%%N(:UF^[!(:.?%%NIO(:-.=?%N!-.‹,1 u9" I.?>‚(:.#w"%(:VI.V8-;F^-"%(:y]^!%",7.."%(*‡ ?%"%(:(:VG-F.V#YJ [[?,1*[!{F^-"7(:v]I(:#[[G8- FKJM8}c ~ u;F.!I.#21*.vu9aF.!/1*.Q/,1*(:.#[#/#%{(:I?,1*(:aF.V/1*[91*"%0Wz[#o%bF.(:" .

(135)       

(136)      . %. ?%"%%T1*[PFKJg1%>@(:[=F.%R!(‚F.Q#%DF.NI.?%F^"(:‹F.%DF.?e0,1:F1*(:fcnt}%R‰O%(:[D,=)+(:{-.#N1*#(:D !PF.UI.?%F^"(:‹F^-€"%(:VIO(:!=V#(:.eV!bF.%\/1*?21*-^]Kc AN1*i"%b"%(:y]^0Wn#21!"f1*,1:"?,1*(:F.P#YJMF.(:V/1*e@!8NI91*R)Y1*[e0-P%b-.€"791*#[#.e@a[r‡ IO(:,1*DF.P#YJg1*I.I.(8",7P!?%"f1*.G8-PF.%D",791*-?%% B+Co( \}W <GG< Dyc9tS1!"%(:VI.#y]‚[?PF^-€I.7?(:!QP IO!kI91:\F.i?e0#[[e@\#%\1*I.I.(8",7%\y]‚IO?[!,1*#%Dk#%EF^21*e0(0"%E[^‡ [-H/1*fW‚#YJM?#21*‰O(:,1*(: F.U!?7(‚F.%DF.UI.?%F^"(:Z?%"%%[N-.PF.?/1*",7bF.N!(‚F.?#[,1*(:B["%(:8(:-.91*‰.#0c.

(137) %# .    

(138) .

(139) .     #         

(140) 

(141)        . )  

(142)          

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to