ON THE APPLICABILITY OF MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY IN THE FIELD OF FRICTION, LUBRICATION, AND WEAR (FLW)

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Submitted on 1 Jan 1980

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ON THE APPLICABILITY OF MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY IN THE FIELD OF FRICTION,

LUBRICATION, AND WEAR (FLW)

H. Mehner, H. Berndt, W. Meisel

To cite this version:

H. Mehner, H. Berndt, W. Meisel. ON THE APPLICABILITY OF MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY IN THE FIELD OF FRICTION, LUBRICATION, AND WEAR (FLW). Journal de Physique Collo- ques, 1980, 41 (C1), pp.C1-395-C1-396. �10.1051/jphyscol:19801152�. �jpa-00219638�

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque C l , supplkment au n O 1 , Tome 41, janvier 1980, page C1-395

ON THE APPLICABILITY OF MSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY I N M E F I E U I OF FRICTION8 LLBRICATION 8 AND WEAR (FLW)

H. Mehner, H . Berndt and

*

H. Eneisel

Academy of Sciences of the GDR, CentraZ I n s t i t u t e of Phys$caZ Chemistry.

x Academy of Sciences of the GDR, CentraZ ~ n s t i t u t e of Organic Chemistry.

Prelimi-nary C ? x ? t : ~ i e ~ c e s w i t h i d s s b a u t . r boundary f r i c t i o n t;he ~ l d s ~ q t i o n an& t h e s t u d i e s I n t h e t-ecl?nicslly i r r 2 o r t a n t f i e l d b e g i n n i n g r e a c t i o n of tile a d d i t i v e Dre- of iiL.'! \>.rill b e re;cort;ed. rl'oday modern w- v c n t t h e mct-1-netal c o n t a c t anti :here- c h i n e s and v e h i c l e s a r e -g.nt'nini<able ~ . . i i t ' r _ - Pore ~:rclAing, ;it k i ~ h e r load.s, t h e l a y e r s o u t 1 u b r i c a t F o h by h i g h l y dope& i . u b r i c x n t s w i l l be more r a ~ i d l x r e a o v e d than formed.

Only by a d d i t i o n of s o - c a l l e d additives, The r e c ~ : i . t e a r e 3 5 e a e t r z n s P o r r ? a t i o n c and l u b r i c a n t s a r e a b l e t o a c c o m g l i s h t h e ne- ~ ~ a s t i f i c z ~ i 0 2 ~ of t h e Eletzl. T i n a l l y , 2

c e s s a r g high conditi.ons 2f s t r e s s . 1'; :$;as f u r t l l e r i n c r e a s e of s t r e s s r e s ~ l t s i n o u r a i m t o f i n d t h e eT2ec.t o f a d d i s i v e s ; ~ e l c i F ~ ~ ~ . Tjp t o now, i n 9L9i i a v e s t i = . c l t i o n s on t h e i n t e r f a c e l z y e r s d e v e l o ? i n g st $he n o s t l y t h e e l e x e n t a r y c o q o s i t i o n OP the r u b b i n g s i r f a c e . formed l a y e r s ~ ~ v a s s t u d i e d , e. g. ^byX - r q

P i g . 1 shows t h e ef5ecG of "extreme f l u o r e s c s i ~ c e

,

e l e c t r o n microprobe, r a d i o - p r e s s u r e a d d i t i v e s " on t h e a e a r b s h z v i o u r c h e m i s t r y and ESCA.

i n z s t a n d r r d t e s t r i g . I n t n e c e s e o f ba- The l a y e r f o r m a t i o n and Kne g h y s i c a l s e o i l (Cf. c u r v e A ) , wit11 t h e i n c r e a s e of p r o p e r t i e s of i r o n - c o n t a i n i n g l a g e r s can C o n t a c t p r e s s u r e , a t f i r s t t h e elzsbohy- ^{b e}b e t t e r i n v e s t i g z t e d by X i j s s b a ~ ~ e r spec- drodynamic (ehd) l u b r i c a t i o n f a i l s and t r o s c o g g t h n . by X-ray d i f 2 r a c t i o n . On

t h e n t h e o i l f i l m and, t h e r e f o r e , t h e t h e boae of e x p e r i e n c e s from rAossbmcr f r i c t i o n c o u p l e i t s e l f . In t h e c a s e of ao- c o r r o s i o n s t u d i e s , i t was ; ~ o s s i b l e t o p e d o i l ( c f . c u r v e 21, i n t h e r e g i o n of c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e compounds f orned s n t h e

weging s u r f a c e of t h e i r o n s u b s t ~ a t e ^{3 s}vrell as ' 2

0 t h e m e t a l l i c l a g e r immediately below

1 / t h e s e r e a c t i o n lagers.

scuff in%

,,'

r _ d - - - %re have i n v e s t i g a t e d i n t e r f a c e s i m e d i a -

load

-Q

L

0

t

t e l y on t h e r u b b i n g s u r f a c e s of samples from t h e a m s l e r machine. I t w a s p o s s i b l e t o o b t a i n u s e f u l s p e c t r s i n s c a t t e r i n g geometry from f r i c t i o n a l marks of I c m ² a f t e r a measuring time ug t o one week.

b

/ I I /

r I

:

r

e h d . ~ . ~ ' boundary friction

..J*

- . a ! I,

kp

Using unhardened s t e e l p l a t e s and b a s e Fig. 1: Vear d e b r i s vs. l o a d i n a f o u r - o i l , a n i n c r e a s e o f t h e z u s t e n i t e p h a s e b a l l a p p a r a t u s (?-bass, 2-doped o i l ) w a s observed.

27

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19801152

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C1-396 JOURNAL DE ^PHYSIQUE

Wear d e b r i s from t e s t s i n a f o u r - b a l l 2p- p a r a t u s w i t h a l u b r i c a n t c o n t a i n i n g 0.05 mole/l d i b e n z y l d i s u l f i d e a a s c o l l e c t e d f o r blossbauer t r a n s m i s s i o n measurements. I n

o r d e r t o i d e n t i f y t h e measured s p e c t r a , s p e c t r a of i r o n s u l f i d e of d i f f e r e n t s t o - chiometry (FeSx; x = 1.035

-

^1.14) were r e - corded. A l l s p e c t r a were computer f i t t e d .

Fig. 2 , curve 1 shows t h e s c a t t e r i n g spectrum of some s t e e l b a l l s of t h e t e s t r i g . Beside t h e s i x - l i n e spectrum of t h e f e r r i t e a s i n g l e l i n e and a d o u b l e t (a) from t h e a u s t e n i t e can be seen i n t h e cen- t r e . Idoreover, t h e s h o u l d e r s on t h e s e x t e t l i n e s i n d i c a t e t h e e x i s t e n c e of a n unre- solved spectrum from i r o n w i t h chromium

F'ig. 2: Kossbauer s p e c t r a of s t e e l b a l l s

( * I ) , wear d e b r i s (2,3) and r e f e -

rence samples (4,5)

and carbon atoms on neighbouring s i t e s (c)- Spectrum 2 r e s u l t s from the wear d e b r i s

of a wmple t r e a t e d w i t h base o i l n e a r t h e f a i l u r e l o a d (40 kp). Here, t h e a u s t e - n i t e com9onent i s s m a l l e r and a s i x - l i n e spectrum of c a r b i d e appears (d). Spectrum 3 o r i g i n a t e s from wear d e b r i s of a t e s t w i t h d i b e n z y l d i s u l f i d e a t 80 kp, i.e. d i - r e c t l y a t t h e beginning of s c u f f i n g wear.

PeS l a y e r s , produced on i r o n po-~Cier by re- a c t i o n w i t h d i b e n z y l d i s u l f i d e a t 2 5 0 ' ~ y i e l d spectrum 4 , an ii"eSl.14 ( 4C phase) sample spectrum 5 ^(f,g,h).

Now we a r e a b l e t o g i v e an i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of s p e c t r a n 3, The main p a r t of t h e reac- t i o n p r o d u c t s i s c r y s t z l l i n e i r o n s u l f i d e of t h e 7 C phase. The d o u b l e t ( e ) we can a s s i g n t o superparamagnetic i r o n s u l f i d e , and t h e s i x - l i n e spectrum ( d ) belongs t o i r o n carbide.

From t h a t follows: The formation of i r o n s u l f i d e by t h e a d d i t i v e i s a b l e t o p r e - v e n t t h e l o c a l vielding and, tineref o r e ,

t h e adhesive wear of iron. But t h e necha- n i c a l s t r e s s was n o t taken up completely by t h e r e a c t i o n l a y e r s , and f r o n t h a t a phase t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of s t e e l r e s u l t s i n

t h e sub-surfsce region. The c a r b i d e i s p r e c i p i t a t e d a t t h e expense of t h e mar-

t e n s i t e phase.

idith i n c r e a s i n g l o a d t h e s p e c t r a change o n l y q u a n t i t a t i v e l y . But immediately be- f o r e welding, a q u a l i t a t i v e d i f f e r e n c e appears. A t experiments w i t h 220 kg l o a d , r-iron was found. C a l c u l a t i o n s of t h e con- t a c t temperature showed, t h a t t h i s a-r- t r a n s f o r m a t i o n can be explained by l o c a l h e a t i n g (

*

1 ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ) .