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Quel est l'intérêt de la notion de territoire pour le développement régional?

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(1)Quel est l’intérêt de la notion de territoire pour le développement régional? Frédéric Santamaria. To cite this version: Frédéric Santamaria. Quel est l’intérêt de la notion de territoire pour le développement régional?. Recherches pour et sur le développement régional, 2002, Montpellier, France. pp.19-29. �halshs00174214�. HAL Id: halshs-00174214 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00174214 Submitted on 21 Sep 2007. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) Recherches pour et sur le développement régional _________________________ Séminaire DADP des 17 et 18 décembre 2002 à Montpellier. ________________________. ♦. ♦. QUEL EST L’INTÉRÊT DE LA NOTION DE TERRITOIRE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL ? PAR FRÉDÉRIC SANTAMARIA, LABORATOIRE GÉOPHILE, ENS – LSH LYON.. DEGF<HIEJLKNMPOEQREOS*HIEOUTVIWX*Y H Z[E]\ VI^)O`_bacJLHIKaF`Hd^)Je\*YfKWQRHIJba*H=OEg?EFUEJhZLa*OiF`H8SYLTIHdEOUjk^)JLKHdEYLO l EmLHITITI^FIF<EgnZL^*YLOoKp^)JqH JbrLH'F`aF`HI^*J9s t9^*YLOuQRHIEYbv]JL^*Y[KwS1^)JbJbax=FAOEg yEzr#^1Y K{H8JL\|HIX*Y[EUX*Y E?yEUK<Y HIK EJ|KEH8_bJbacJcF}M~TV Y#JLH8r#EOKH'FWu\bEut9a1O<HIKn€‚`2EJƒ_LW^)_bOacZb„bHIE{EF EJ†a*QRWJba*_LEQREJ!Fg\bEZbYLHIK‡Y#JˆacJUEF \bEQRH`sD1V8a*HOWS*EQ{Q†EJ1FuOEiy^|H8J1F‰TdEGT8am#^!O<aF`^)H8OEG\|EU_LW^/_/O<aZb„LHIE‹ŠŒ?W^*ZL„LHdTIEŽkKH'F3Y WUM‹T`V8S1^|TiE JL^)OQ{a1TdEK<YbZ WOHIEYLOE‘\bE ’“b^)J9s)”?V8EK`F M?SE}F`H'F`OE‘X*Y[EyV8a1H WFW‘H JbrLH'F<WaYy^*YLO<\9V „)Y[H`s DE?Z#OWS1HIKE{X*Y[E2yV8a1HF`Oacr/a*H8T=TdWuZ[EJL\)acJcF•Z[T Y[K‘\|E?F`O^)HIK?\)a*JLK YbJLE{K`F`OAYLSF3YLO<E{H JcF<EOS1^/Q{Q{YLJba1TdE%g \/Y –{^)O\b—3;K`F \bE‘T8a?˜ O<aJbSEK<Y#OT8a‘QoHIKE‘EJ‰ZLT8a*S1ETd^bSa1TIE \9V Y#JLE‘\bWQoa*OS„LE‘\bE‡ZLa“LKs j™a{ZbO<W%KEJ1F`aF`HI^)JNE%K`F•YbJLEuOWšTIEv[Hd^)JUM{ZLaO3F`H8O2\!E{T8a~X1Y EK`F`HI^)JUX*Y H QˆV8azWFWuH8JLH'F`H8a*TIEQ†EJ1F}Z ^bKWE{› Š?X*Y ETUE%KAF‹T`VIH8J1F<WOœF‹\bET8aJL^F`Hd^)Jž\bEqF<EOOH'F`^|H=OEh\)aJLKPT8aŸZLEOK<ZLESF`H rLE\*Y¡\bWrLETI^/ZbZ[EQREJ)F OW_bHI^)Jba1T¢Ž#s. £. ¤1¥‘¦;§?¨©‘ª« ¦;¬¨¥. ­?aJLK}Y|JRZLO<EQRHIEOF<EQuZ[Kg HdT QRE‰KEQ{m[TdE?H8Q{Z ^!O3F`aJ1Fn\bE‘Z T=a*S1EO;T8auJL^F`Hd^)J†\bE FEOO<H FA^bH8OEu\!acJLK}Y#J[E ZLEOK<Z ESF`H rLEUFEQ{Z#^!OETITdE%g a1š`H J®\bE‹S1^/Q‰ZLOEJL\)O<E™K^*J®S*^)J1FEv!F<E™K<Z[WS1H8š<HIX*Y[E‹\ VIWQzEO<_LEJbS*E!s2’}EK aJ)JLWE1K‹¯°b±b²™Kp^1J1FQ{a1OX*Y WE1KuZLa*O‘YbJLEzO<EQRH KEUEJ]SaY[KEƒ\1Y]QR^b\|³TIEU\bEU\|WrLETI^*ZbZ EQREJ!FuX1Y H arba1H'F´ZLOWrba1T YµaZLO<³%K¶T8a. l ES1^/JL\bEžŒ‘Y EOOE·QR^)JL\|H=a*TIE¸EJ¹˜9O<aJbS1E)s. l V8^*YbrbOEºYbJLE·Z[WOHI^|\LE. \[VdH8JbS1EOiF`H'F3Y \bEKhWS1^)J#^)QRHIX*Y[EKhEFqK^bSH8a1TIEKgzacrLES»O<a1TIEJ1F`H3KKEQREJ!F]\bEKkF`aYbv¼\bE¶SO^bHIKKacJbS1E1g Eš`š^)JL\)O<EQREJ!F?\bEwZLaJLKwEJcF<HIEOKu\bEzT`V8aZ|ZLa1O<EHITnZLO<^b\*YLSFH8šgnaYb_|QREJcFAaF`HI^*J™\*YqS„#½)Qoa*_LE)s’V89F`aF E%K`F S1^/JL\*YLH'FMzS^*JLS1EJ1F`O<EO?K^/JGa1SF`H8^)J‹K<YLO‘T8E%KuEK<ZLa*S1EK?X*Y H•K^*J1F TIE%K‚Z TY KF`^*YLSc„LWK‘ZLa*OT8azSOHIKE WS1^)Jb^)QRHIX/Y[E)s?”?V8EK`FNW_ba1TIEQREJ!FƒM®SEFIF<EPWZ[^)X*Y[Eg{EFU\|EPQ{a*J/Hd³OE]SO^bHIKKpaJ1FE]acYfS^*YLOK¾\bEK aJ)JLWE1KN¯°#¿)²‹EFU¯°b°|²bgX*Y EUTIEuFEO<QREU\bE{FEOO<H'F`^bH8OEU\|ErLHIEJ1F‘MGT8aƒQR^b\bE)s9<T2š`a1H'F?T`Vd^1myEF?\ V Y#J[E amL^*JL\)aJ1F<E‰TdH FdFWOaF3YbOEuT=HdWEuJL^F`a*Q{QREJ!F}M{\bE1K aZbZLO<^)S„LE1K _LW^)_bO<aZb„bHIX*Y E%KEF‡WS^)JL^)QRHIX/Y[EKsL” E. . C. .  

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(48) Recherches pour et sur le développement régional _________________________ Séminaire DADP des 17 et 18 décembre 2002 à Montpellier. ________________________. EFh\)aJLKhY#J¹^*myESF`HIšP\bE·S1^)„LWOEJbS1Ež\bEKa*SFEYLOKTI^)SaY|v¹\b^F<W%KŸ\9V YbJ¼Z ^1Y#rL^bH8Oh\ V8a1SF`HI^|J KH _bJLH8šH8SaFAHIš 8 F`ES„)JLHISHdEJ|Kgba*SF`EY#OK}WS1^)JL^/QRHIX*Y[EKg|a1SF`EYLOKZL^bT8H'F<HIX*Y[EK   s ’V8^*m%yESF<H=š\bERS*E1Ku\bEYbv™aZ|ZLO^)S„LEK{EK`F‘\bE~Z EO<QREFIF`OEzT`V8a1\)acZ!F`aFAH=^/J. \bEKZ ^bTIH'F`HIX*Y E%KZbY|mLTIHIX*Y E1K. aYbv»WrL^bT Y!F`Hd^)JLK‹X*Y[E]K<YbmLHIKKEJ1FUTIEKNa1SFAH8rbH F<WKguEJea*QRWT8HI^)OacJ1FzTIEY#OUSa1\)OE]\ VIH J|KEOiF`HI^/J»EFƒEJ QR^1m HITIHIKacJ1F2\bEK‘T8H8_bJLEK‘\bEuSOW\!H'F2\|H KZ[^*JLH m TIE%K acYwFAH FAOEu\bE%KZL^bT8H'FHIX*Y E%K‡ZbY|mLTIHIX*Y E%K‘EY#O^*Z[WEJ|JLE%Kg J/aF`HI^)Jba*TIE%Kg9O<W_LHI^)Jba*TIE%KcsL`T}KV8a_LH'F EJUš`a1H'F\|ER\bWrLETd^1Z|Z[EO\bEK ZLa*OiF`EJba*OH8aFK‡F`EO<OH'F`^)OH8a*T=HIKW%KEJ1F`OE a1SF`EYLOKNS^/Q‰Z WF<EJ1FKs ’aP\)H8QREJLKHI^)J\1Y®F<EOOH'F`^)H8OEqKVdEv#ZLO<H8QRE™HISHZLa*OUT8aqš`^)O<QuYLT8aF`HI^/Je\9V Y#J ZLO^yEFs ’aNX*YLE%KAF`HI^)J]\[V Y#JLEUT8a*O`_bEzQR^*m[HdTIHIKaF`H8^)J]\bEK{a1SFAEYLOKw\1Y‹F`EOOH'F`^)H8OEƒE%K`F<g2K^)Q{QRERF<^*Y!FEg KES^)JL\)a1H8OE)s  J»OErba*JbS„LEgu\)a1JLK¾TIE%Kk\bEYbvF`“)Z E%K¾\bEPQRWFA„L^b\bEKkX1Y EUyE. r/a*HIK‹Q{a1H JcF<EJbaJ1FzZ#OWKEJ1F<EOguTiE. F`EO<OH'F`^bH8O<ER\bErLHdEJcF•YLJGEK<ZLa*S1E~\bEuQR^)m H=TdH KpaF`HI^/Js#’awZLOEQRHd³OE{E1K`F X*YLa1T8HIš`HIWEuZ#a1O u s#’ayaO`_#E{\LE ŠQR^1m H8TIHIKaFAHI^)JUZLa*O ZLEO<S^)T=aF`HI^)JRŽ#s }T=TdERS1^/J|KpH KAFE{MzHI\bEJ1F<HIš`HIEO‘TIE‰F<EO<OH'F`^)H8OE{arbaJ1F‘\ VIWF`am#TIH8OY#J \bH8a_bJL^bK`FAH=S1g\bE‘OEZ[WOEO}TIEK}m E%K^bH8JLKg|Z|YLHIK2\bE‘š^)O<QuY[TIEO}\bE%K‘K`FAO`aF`W_LHIEKK<Y#O;T8amLa!KE‘\bEKX1Y ET8TIE1K2H3T E%K`FeZ[^bKKH m TIE¼\ VIEJbr#H Kpa_LEO. \bE¼S1^)J#\1Y#H=OE¼T8a. QR^*mLHITIHIKaF`H8^)J. \bEK. a1SF<EYLOKsN’EK. a*SF`HI^)JLK·\LE. ŠQR^1m H8TIHIKaFAHI^)J™Z#a1OZLEO<S^bT8aF`Hd^1J†Ž¾^)J1FZL^*YLO{^*m%yESF<H=š{\ VdH8J1FEO`rLEJ#H=ORKYLO{T8E%KwZL^bH JcF<KRš`a*H mLTIEKz\*Y \bWrLETI^*ZbZ EQREJ!F~EFRKYLORTIEK{F<EO<OH'F`^bH8OEKUKEzF`O<^1Y|r/a*J1F~EJPQoa*O`_LE)s. . F<H FAOE‹\ VIEv[EQ{Z TIEg‘T`V8aY!FAEYLO. S^)JLKHI\|³OEUX*YV8HITKV8ac_LH'FuT=Mk\*YPQR^b\bEN\ VIH8J1F<EOArLEJ1FHI^/Jq\bENTV8 YLO<^*Z[Eg2acY¾FAH FAOEU\bEKwZLO^/_/O<aQ{QRE)K ’. . ­? u s1’}E;F<EO<OH'F`^)H8OEX*YLH EJRO<W%KY[T'F<EJ#E\|^bH'FZLa!K}œF`OE JLWS*E%KKa1H8OEQREJ)Fby<Y[K`F`H8š<HIW‘EJ‰FEO<QRE%K‡\LE. S^)„LWOEJbS*E»a. ZLO<H8^!O<H`s†”‡EfX*YLH‹T`VdEvbZ TIHIX*Y E»TIE¶QRHIEY|v¹WF`aJ1F]T8a. rb^bTI^)J1F<W»TI^)Sa)TIEgUT`V8a*Qum[H'F`HI^|J. \[VdH8J1FEO`r#EJcF<HI^)J†KZLWSHIš`HIX*Y E!sb”‡E‚K^*J1F;\|^1J#S?TIEK2QRWFA„L^b\b^bTd^)_LHIEK2\bE‚QR^)mLHITIHIKaF`H8^)J†\|E%K‡a1SF`EYLOK K<YLO YbJ‚FAEO<OH'F`^bH8OEX*Y H[K<Z#WS*H=š<HIEJ1F TIE2Z T Y[K}S1EFIF<E\bWQ{a1O<S„LE 3 ’aya*O3_LE%gn¯°b°|°   s ’aGKES1^)J#\bE%g}T8aGŠQR^*m H8TIHIKaF`Hd^)JGZ#a1O?SacZLH8T=T8a*OH'FW1ŽƒOEZ ^/KEGK<Y#O?T`V8HI\bWEU\bEuFEOO<H'F`^bH8OE†\ VdEJbrLHIEu› TiE F`EO<OH'F`^bH8O<EJ#E9y<Y[K`F<H8šHIE a‘ZLOH8^)OH|JbHbY#JLE aJba1T8“LKE‘EJ‚F<EOAQRE1K}\bE‘š`^)OS1EK}EF š`a1H m[TdE%KKEKnJLH#JLES*^)JLK`F`H'F3Y9E YbJqSa*\!OEUS*^)Q{QR^b\bEƒZ ^1Y#O{TV8a*SF`HI^)JPEFi^*Y®T8a‹QR^*mLHdTIHIKaF`H8^)JLg‡Q{a1HIKzEK`FuTV „L^)OH 1. ^/JqQRœcQRE‹\bENT=a \bWQoa*OSc„LE!s*`T EK`F \bWš`H8JLH|ZLa*OT`V8H=\|EJcF<H8šH8SaFAHI^)JR\ V8a1SF`Hd^)JLK}S1^*J[K`F`H'F3Y)F`H rLE%K‡\ V YLJuZLO^yEF)y<Y[KAF`H8šH8aJ1FY#J[E QR^1m HITIHIKaF`H8^)JfT8a´ZLT Y[K‹T8a*O`_bEkZ[^bKKH m TIE]MqFAO`arbEOK‹T`VI^)OA_/a*JLHIKaF`H8^)Jf\|EqO<WY#JLHI^/J|K. ZbYbmLTdH=X*Y E1KguTIE. OESY[EHIT EF T`V8a1SSY#Q‰Y T8aF`Hd^)Jo\V8HI\bWE1Kg|aYRKEH JR\ V YLJREK<ZLa*S1E2Z#a1O \)Wš`H8JLH'FH8^)J{QR^*Y#rba1J1Fs*˜9H Jba1TdEQREJ!Fg TIE;F<EO<OH'F`^)H8OEEK`F \bWT8H8QRH'F<W2ZLa*OT8a?S^)Q{QuYLJbacY!F`W‘TI^)Sa1TIE‘X*YLH TIE S„L^|H KpH Fs l H™S*EFdFE¸\bWQRa1O<S„LE¼H8J1F<EO<O^*_LE¸š^)OiF`EQREJ)FTIEK. Sa1\)OE%Kº\bE¡T<V8a1SF`HI^/J. ZbYbm T8HIX*Y[EgkTIEK. \bWQoa*OSc„LE%K¶WrL^|X1Y WEKS1HI—A\bE%KK<Y[K»Kp^)J1F]ZLT Y[KerL^bTI^)J1F`HdEOKhY!F`H8T8HIKWE1KŸa1š`H8J. aY!FAOEK. \ V8a)\)aZ!FAEOhT`V8a1SF`HI^|J. ZbYbmLT8HIX*Y E%gEJzQoaFHd³OEu\[V8a*QRWJba*_LEQREJ!F2EF2\bEu\bWrLETd^1Z|Z[EcQREJ!F2\bEK}FEOO<H FA^bH8OEKsL”VIEK`FnZ[EY!F—AœF`OE X1Y ERTdE?FEOO<H FA^bH8OEg S1^)Q{QREz^*myEF‡mLO<H=S*^bTIWuZLa*O‘T=EKa1SF<EYLOK?EJNš^)JLSFAHI^)J‹\[V Y#JU_bOacJL\ƒJL^)QumLOE{\LE ZLa1O`acQR³F`O<E%KEJzZ[EO`Z WF3Y[ETdTIEuQ{Y!F`aF`H8^)JLg J VI^)š`š`OE{X1Y V YLJUSa1\|OEZ[EY. KaF`HIKš`a1HIKacJcF‡MRT8aR\bWS*T8H8Jba1HIK^|J. \bE‘TV8a*SFH8^)JuZbYbm TIHIX*Y E!s*’}E;F<EO<OH'F`^bH8OEg|S1^)Q{QzES*^)JLK`F`OAYLSF`H8^)JLg#^*YLrbOE‘T8arL^)HIE‘M‘YbJLE Q{Y T FAHZ TIH8SaFAHI^)J \bE. S1^/J/š<H8_)YLOaF`H8^*J|K. Z ^bKKH m[TdE%K. K<Y[KS*EZ!F<H mLTIE1K. \bE. KcV8a1š`š`OacJbS„/H8O. \bEK. š`O^)J1F`Hd³OEK. Z#^bTIH'F`HIS*^/—. a1\)QRH8JbHIK`F`O<aF`H rLEKs}`T Z[^bKEGTdEUZLO<^*m[TI³QREk\bE‹T8a™\)HIKIy^)JbSFH8^)J®EJ1F`O<EGO<EZ#OWKEJcFAaF`HI^*J]Z ^bT8H F<HIX*Y E‹EF F`EO<OH'F`^bH8O<E\|ET`V8a1SF<HI^*J9s. . .  

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