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Virus-like particles in parasitoids' venom: viral or cellular origin ?

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HAL Id: hal-02810790

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02810790

Submitted on 6 Jun 2020

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Virus-like particles in parasitoids’ venom: viral or cellular origin ?

Jean-Luc Gatti, Emilie Surmenian, Antonin Schmitz, Maya Belghazi, Dominique Colinet, Marylène Poirie

To cite this version:

Jean-Luc Gatti, Emilie Surmenian, Antonin Schmitz, Maya Belghazi, Dominique Colinet, et al.. Virus- like particles in parasitoids’ venom: viral or cellular origin ?: Virus-like particles, venom, wasps, Leptopilina, Drosophila. Immuninv 2011 - Immunité des invertébrés, May 2011, La Colle-Sur-Loup, France. 1 p. �hal-02810790�

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Virus-Like Particles in Parasitoids' Venom: Viral or Cellular Origin ?

Gatti Jean-luc

1

, Surmenian Emilie

1

, Schmitz Antonin

1

, Belghazi Maya

2

, Colinet Dominique

1

, Poirié Marylène

1

.

1Equipe « Evolution and Specificity of Multitrophic Interactions », UMR 1301, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 400 route des Chappes, Sophia Antipolis 06903, France (Jean- luc.gatti@sophia.inra.fr); 2 Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Nord Université de la Méditerranée, 13344 Marseille France.

Virus-like particles, venom, wasps, Leptopilina, Drosophila

During oviposition, endoparasitoid wasps inject ovarian and venom compounds that will regulate the host physiology and protect the egg from the host immune response. For instance, part of the Ichneumonidea species contain polydnaviruses (PDVs) and use the viral particles they produce in the ovarian calyx cells to target host cells and interfere with the host response. In other parasitoid species, vesicles named Virus-Like Particles (VLPs), devoid of DNA or RNA, have been observed in venom or ovaries. Under electron microscopy, they are heterogeneous in form and size, both inside and between species. Some of these VLPs have been demonstrated to participate in suppressing the host immune defense, likely by convoying proteins that destroy or inactivate the cellular host response. Interestingly the few VLPs proteins that have been studied in details showed no homology with viral proteins but whether or not VLPs may have a viral origin has never been clearly established. Based on morphological aspects, part of the described VLPs resembles cellular secreted vesicles such as microvesicles or exosomes described in many epithelium and cells. In order to test our hypothesis that they indeed correspond to such structures, we have analyzed by a proteomic approach the composition of the VLPs-containing pellet obtained by centrifugation of venom reservoir of Leptopilina species (L. boulardi and L. heterotoma parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster). None of the major proteins identified matched with known viral proteins, which strongly suggests that these VLPs are cellular and not viral products. Then we suggest the name of

“venosomes” for the vesicles observed in the venom of these species to avoid confusion with true

viral particles found in other parasitoid species.

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