• Aucun résultat trouvé

On the analysis of locative prepositional phrases : the classifier/proper noun pairing

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "On the analysis of locative prepositional phrases : the classifier/proper noun pairing"

Copied!
11
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-00621446

https://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00621446

Submitted on 10 Sep 2011

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

On the analysis of locative prepositional phrases : the classifier/proper noun pairing

Mathieu Constant

To cite this version:

Mathieu Constant. On the analysis of locative prepositional phrases : the classifier/proper noun

pairing. Third International Conference on Advances in Natural Language Processing (PorTAL 2002),

2002, Faro, Portugal, France. pp.33-42. �hal-00621446�

(2)

!"#%$'&()&(*&))+,-/.)0/12& ,354&6/7(8($'&,

99/:

- :

$'&()&(*&))+;350<>=,?&2

[email protected]

@ABCDEFCGH

4;7&7I&&)!JK?24L)"2& 77" "&)%74&K2" &M

&>)"2& "N7"7I&6/POQSRTUMVUXWZY[S\]^RR_`SY^baI&0N ;&"2& 0N2)&#cVOed

TUMVU>f^RaU

H

4gTOedb,hOQSRai7&j&g#c"6/&))!k02.0mlP 4n 4o&0n"#

)6/ &!p 2UPqZr 80!p 4'!J &2 2r7"7 ZlP 4s&0.&)

877" >.i2" 82 "h&0t2"0' 46ut&'vV<2"(wP&6/6/&x$'& <VU

?"6y 46/& <,VlPx.8)0hM&6/6/&h 4x#c"6y"#5M&74&0z&)8& e 4

&77)2& "/ "/&|{"8&) 2;2"78U

}~€>‚ƒ|„5…>†>‡|‚ˆb„5€

‰;ZŠ‹ŒŽL‘’5Š“”5‘b> Z–•— ‘bŠ>˜5™ ™Zš›‘bœ™



•—˜5š›ž> hŸhŽ œ55‘’5ŠxœL’5h‘bŸ‹Œ¡e‘bh—œxŸ

“z¢—œ—Š‹Œz“z‘b—Ž Ž œ Š£;‰;—‘’5Šz¡e—‘b—œœ‘bi¡e¤‘b'Ž

yŽ ‘b“¦¥K§¨©«ªz¥



œŽ £'‰;’5Šu¬­žb®'«“z‘br”5‘bœŠ‹m¡e°¯S‘bœ°Šœo¥K¥P

œ™±tŠœ—”5‘b­”5‘z“zª©5§



£™£¥K²§³´­ž±–œ±œŠŽ ‘;ªzµ

£™£V¶³··¨žb®›¡e‘bz Š‹>ª©5§L“ze”5Šœz¡eœx’5Š™e—zœ™‘b‹>ªzµ£›¸L ‘

‹NP“z¹ ”5J’5 |PŠ“zzN¥K¥PPŽIe‘bŠ|Ž ‘b“zº

»¼µe½¾—¨¿À¤ÁŸÂ%ÃIªzµeÄŨe½¾—¨¿;ÁŸÂ%ÃhÁŸÂ%Æ/ª©5§P½ÈÇN»¼µ5ÉrÊÃ

Ë

ºÅ²Ì´P·²z½ ¶³··¨eŨe¥K²§³´ŒÁŸÍL¨§VÎjÏų¿¨§§²ÌϨÃ

‰;‹Nœ’55”5‘b|ŽIœ‘b œPŽIeŽ ‘b“ªzФÑ%´Ò­©z»¼µ5ªzÀ|®£™£

»ZʲÌ̵̼¨eŨe´²©5§¼ÍL¼¿³¼Ìz²z¨Òz·³¨ÒzŲ̴P·¨e¶³··²­Ó5¨eŨ5ªz²­Ô

Õs‘bhÑ%´Ò­©sÇIÖײ¶¼³§P·³¨Ò

¿¼z¿²Ø¨5©5·²µ¨žb®ª©5§NÇIÖªz²­Ô—Pªzµ–ÇIÖ×¶³··²­Ó5¨£

¸L ‘s­’Ùœ«yڜ“”5Š««ŠyŽjŽ ‘bÛuÜ“z¹ Ž ‘bÛu‘’5Š

œœ “z ŠŸ'zŽ ‘b“z¡e‘b¢'ŽPzŠÝœ¹ ™‘b“z“z‘‘b‹–Þbß®àáb£›‰;z‘’5Š

‘bgœmnŠœ‘bœgœ“”5 mœ‘b  nkoŠ™ œt”5ŠŽ ‘b“

╗‰;ãKäåÞJ¬­æ®¬­ßábžuçè˜5ݜ¹ éL‘b“z“z‘u‘bœ



˜5éLžb£kêS“z뜓”5ŠÝ

‘’5Š 

£™£r“zu‘’5ŠmÞJ¬­®¬¬­ábžìy’5폜‘b’5î¡eí¯SïêS

(3)

Ž ‘b“z ‘b‘bŠnÞ áb®r”5‘bë‘bŠ Þáï ”5‘b뙓z Ž ‘

“z“z‘bÛÞ®¬áb£

âb¤”5”5‘b®K¡e';Š‹Ÿ “zœŠŠ‹Ÿ‘bŠ–Lª©5§z¤N””5‘b­”5‘b–œŠŽ ‘



‘;“zœNœŠž;>“z‹z LŠ‘b‹z“zLÞ®¬ ®¬­àáb®J’5 S¡eLŠ/”5‘b®

Ž ‘KœhœŠŽ ‘ªzµŽ5x™zŠ®%xŠ“zh‘b’5 zŽ×ŠœK”5‘b”5|»¼µ

I‘P–‘’5ŠIŠ“z‘b‹œ;ªzÐÑ%´Ò­©–»¼µPÉrÊ£V‰;I”5‘b>NŠ

’5Ž ‘K“’5™ ™¥K¥P®%£™£%™ ™’5¡ez‘b™ “zŽ”5‘bœ

‘’5Š£Pâbi—Ý“”5ŠL’5Š¡e®;i·²i¶³··¨—Ũ—¥K²§³´œS’5—t‘’5Š œŽ £

œ žb®I5xœ‘bŠ‹'—‘b™ “z5Ž>”5‘bœ´Ò¶¨Ì¿³¼ÌZבbe'

Š“z‘b‹N‘b œ ‘bIªzÐzżĮ̀§V¾—¨¿|´Ò¶¨Ì¿³¼ÌªzÀ|£

»¨5Ó5¼Ò¶¨§Ì¨ÍL¨Ì¿|²zżÌÌÏeǪ̀e´Ò¶¨Ì¿³¼Ìz·²zŨ§Ì³§¨eÍL³ÌÒ¿¨z·²z¶³··¨eŨe¥K²§³´

 |eŠ|“z ®e™‘b“z|™ee ’5zeœ‹NŽIš›‘bž

¯S‘b®|¡eLŠŠ’5‘bŽ Š‹ ‹xœ‘b œPªzÐtÑ%´Ò­©h»¼µKÉrÊJŽ ‘b“nxŠ™ œK”5

Žz¡e£/‰;®/j’5—Žz— ‹Œ®/¡eiŠŠeœ‘b’5t¡ÚŸ’5 ŠjŠœ

™‘b“z“z‘b¡e˜5éLr™‘b”5£¯SŠŠ‹Œ®¡eZ””5Š‹tŸ™‘b“z“z‘bh–Ù ‘bŠœ

œ‘”5‘bezŠ ee‘b Š£

EA

U" & "

2

O "8%4&

%7" "&)%4&

"!$#

Q

877" Œ.

Oe\ \ 4/"6/&)Œ&M86/ Œ"#%&;702& ;TlP4/\ÈI&/ Ma

SR^Q %7" "

%&

d vV"2& %7" "

'

^], '

^]( 1 6/

) *

6/7 !)6/

+ O H

4;M8)&|0#c ;0 6/

#

`L"

#

`S^›T&;"|&a

%) ,

^b,

,

_LT 4a

.-

"

%";0 6/

/1032'ƒ|ˆ46587'ˆb€:95†>ˆ;‚ˆb‡=<>‚†>…:>

‰;eŠ™ œz ‹–/Š“z''Ž ¡r”5‘b­”5‘b/'œŠ‘bŽ ‹”5”5‘b£Jªzµh/ª©5§

œ’5e‘bŠzzœ‘×eœº

½ À­Ã>½ ÂoÁN¾—¨¿ÃIª©5§@?¿§¨e½BA|ªÜÁŸÅ¨´cÃIªzµ

ºË

¥K²§³´P¨´¿|Ǫ̀e¶³··¨ 

š›‘bPPeœ‹Œž

»²ÎjÏų¿¨§§²ÌϨe¨´¿|Ǫ̀eÍL¨§

¾—¨¿x–¤Ž ¤‘b“z‘N¡eZŽ ‘b“ Š‹i”5hª©5§'ÞJ¬áb£âb>‘bœŠ‹

Š“zrrZDC·¨®;·²|®;·¨´EŒ£‰;Zœ  ¬­žNœ–’5Z‘b œrr‘bŸ“zŠ

(4)

¾—¨¿Àªzµ5ª©5§º

Ë ·²zÍL¨§VÎjÏų¿¨§§²ÌϨ e‘b‘bž

¾—¨¿ÀªzµeŨ5ª©5§º

Ë ·²z¶³··¨eŨe¥K²§³´ eœ‹NŽIš›‘bž

¾—¨¿ÀªzµeŨ5¾—¨¿Jª©5§º

Ë ·¨´ ·¨´PŨ´²Ì²§³¨´

e‘bPâbŠž

! "$#%'&()(*+

¾—¨¿Àp–˜5ãn‘š›¸LêSêS£›•—¤-,ÒÌeʛ‘bœŠ‹iŽ ‘’5¡e•—šo

œe“zŽ ‘׊œz|ezŽIº

A;̨e¶³··¨eŨe¥K²§³´+.¨Í ¨··³¨5©5¼Ò§P·¨´/ ?¿¨´

¾—¨¿ÀkœgŠ’5jgŸ”5Š ‘bŠzŽ ‘—“z



ªzµ®Kª©5§­ž'Š¢

 ·¨®²Ì²§³¨´­žx’5œ

²Ì²§³¨´/‘bLŠÞbæáb£­¾—¨¿À'Šh;”5Š ‘bŠS¡eh‘bŠJª©5§/¡ehL“z5ªzµ

‘beœ‘bz œº

»¨´P¶³··¨´PŨe¥K²§³´P¨¿|½ Å¨VÁIÂ%ÃI»SÔV¼Ì«Çï·²z¶³··¨eŨe¥K²§³´P¨¿|·²z¶³··¨eŨ5»SÔV¼Ì

™u”5‘ ªzµ®Ÿª©5§­žm oŠ¡e‹Œ ‘n늊o휑b œ£

œœ”5’5Š‹NŠŠ‹N”5P;ª©5§­º

»10 ·¨e½ Å¨VÁIÂ%ÃIÎj²·¿¨

»10 ·¨e½"2­ÂxÁIŨe·²5Á32­Å¨ÃIÎj²§¿³Ì³4Ò¨

»¨´ ·¨´P½ ÂxÁIŨe·¨´ŒÁ32­Å¨Ã3²Ì²§³¨´

Ž ‘bxœ—ŠN’5h‘bN’5¡e'zœ £›‰;z“z‘b¢‘bIÎjÀ|®Î65Z

Î67¡s¡e‘be“zŽ ‘bPœ’55”5ŠœzzIªz¥Pº

¾—¨¿JÎjÀªzµ5Î65zŨe½ ÂoÁN¾—¨¿ÃIª©5§VÎ67

¾—¨¿JÎjÀªzµ5ª©5§VÎ67

‘b‘b®“z



ªzµ®|ª©5§­žNŠ‹iœœ ‘LiŸ“zŠŽ ‘b“z+8®P‹t

œœ ‘–srŠ“z‘b‹pœ  ¬­žb£x‰;‹pœZ’5pŸœ“”5 £eŽ ‘b

“z‘b¢PÎ65‘beŽ ‘’5Pœº

2»¨5ªz¼§Åz¨´¿|Ǫ̀eÍL¨§

»²zÍL¨§P½ ÂxÁ692­Åϵ:²³ÌϨÃ>ÅÒªz¼§ÅzÍL¨/²´µ³Ì¨



¡e‘b>ÅÒ

Ë

Ũe·¨ž

; ! "$#%'&(*+)<=;>@?BAC#EDGF<H

•—¡e®N¡ejݓzjjŽ ‘b“ÚªzÐïÑ%´Ò­©ì»¼µŸÉrÊ£NÕsj ‹o±‘b’5 oŽ–

œ £P˜5NÑ%´Ò­©±’5 ?¿§¨

–’5žb£P˜5V»¼µz’5'Ų̴­® |®K¨Ì±tÂP®P‘b‹¤Ž ‘bI

Šœ5”5‘b”5P¯S‘bœ£¸L ‘× ‹NP‘b œzº

(5)

½7­ÃIªzÐ?¿§¨e½ Å²Ì´NÁ=¤ÁŸ¨Ì¤ÁŸÂ%Ã>½¾—¨¿À5ÁIÂ%ÃIªzµ5ª©5§

‰;—I œe»¼µ'½¾—¨¿À5ÁIÂ%Ã'Š“ztt'CŲ̴¾—¨¿À|® tŨ¿À|®×¨Ì|®×Â@EŒ®%’5

œiªzµg¡er”5‘b­”5‘b£zš›‘bœsŽ ‘b“zy”5‘biœ>’5pœ

¡e ››Š›Ý N ‹hŽ5ŠŠSœŠŽ ‘bVªzµ®|ŠŠ ‘bhLŽ ŠŠ¡e™

ݓ”5Šº

Îj² ¨´¿|½"2­ÂoÁ62­¨Ì¤ÁŸÅ²Ì´P·²¤Á62z·²­Ã>¶³··¨eŨe¥K²§³´

Îj² ¨´¿|½"2­ÂoÁï¨Ì¤ÁŸÅ²Ì´P·²¤Á62z·²­Ã>ÍL¨§P½ÎjÏų¿¨§§²ÌϨ–ÁŸÅÒªz¼§Å­Ã

Îj² ¨´¿|½IÂoÁ62­¨Ì¤ÁŸÅ²Ì´P·²¤Á69z·²­Ã>§Ò¨e½ Å¨e·²z¥K²³ Á ¨Ì´³¨§cÃ

Îj² ¨´¿|½IÂoÁ62­¨Ì¤Á32­Å²Ì´P·¨–Á z·¨Ã>ÍLÏ¿§¼KÏ©5Ò·³4Ò¨

ÕseœeJ”5‘b”5‘b’5 PŽ Ž ‘b|Ž ‘ל‘b œ ž× žbº

Îj² ¨´¿|½"2­ÂoÁï¨Ì¤ÁŸÅ²Ì´P·²¤Á62z·²­Ã>§ÏÓ5³¼ÌJ·¨bŨx§²Ìµ¨

Îj² ¨´¿|½"2­ÂoÁ62­¨Ì¤ÁŸÅ²Ì´P·²¤Á62z·²­Ã>§ÏÓ5³¼ÌzŨe· 0J·¨bŨx§²Ìµ¨

‰;eœ‘b œP¡e5”5‘b”5KN¨Ìz|œœ”5|“zŽ ‘bPì¬ £¬­žbº

2 K¨··¨e§Ò¨sŨK³¶¼·³.·¨´V©5²´´²Ì¿´P´¨eÍL²§µ:¨Ì¿|·¨´PÒÌ´P´Ò§P·¨´P²Ò¿§¨´

2­ÂKÌzÍL²­Ó5̳/³4Ò¨eÍL¨§–ÎjÏų¿¨§§²ÌϨ.·²zÍL²§Ï¨e¨´¿J©5¨ÒzÍL²§+4ÒϨ

ÕsLœLSL­Ùœ5©5·¨³Ì–œ’5x‘bhzxœ+8’5 VVS”5‘bVŽ×

œ“”5 ”5‘b”5L¨Ì©5·¨³Ì|º

Îj² ¨´¿|ÏÓ5²§Ïe¨Ì©5·¨³Ì¨eÍL¨§VÎjÏų¿¨§§²ÌϨ

t„5€:;‚ƒ|†>‡|‚ˆb„5€g„587'„5‡5‚ˆ4jƒ5ƒ6;

! "$#<+

âbK;’5—¡e——êSœ Ÿ5‹Œœœ>”5‘b­”5‘bxŽ|ªz¥PxŠŠ‹'”5

/ª©5§



£¬­ž—/ªzµŽ ‘”5‘b”5Š×‘b’5



£žb£

‹Œ“zœz ‹Ž

ª©5§/œ‘b‹zœL5ªz¥P›”5‘bœŠ‹Œ®|¡eœh“zxœ “z™z xh “’5‘

Ž%ª©5§­£›âb'eœ®› ‘­’Ùœze—œzz‹Œœœ”5‘b­”5‘beŽ;Ž ‘b“

ªzÐiÑ%´Ò­©»¼µ;ÉrÊ®|¡eœhŠŠ‹z”5hLœŠŽ ‘b



’5 SSŠ‹zÞbæábžb£%‰;h

®|¡eL’5ŠLŠSŽ×’5 Vx ‘bª£%ÕsxœhK”5‘b­”5‘bŽ×œ

Š“z/ŽN¤Š/±¤˜5ݜ¹ éL‘b“z“z‘‘bÝ ˜5éLž–Þáb£ãKœœŠ “z

œ‘b‘bc”5e—”5‘b­”5‘b‹B8II®SŽ ‘Pݓ”5Š®S'L¥K¥pŽ ‘b“z£SãKœ–‘b¡yœ

'ŠÝœŠP‘b‹ /ªzµŸ¤ ‘/œžb£ ;–‘bœZŽ>–‘b¡°¤–œŠ “z®5

(6)

‘bx‘bhc”5Š‹ŒŸ—‘b¡exŸ‹Œœœ>”5‘b­”5‘bx'œŠ “z£›Õsz¡kz“”5Š

ŽIe˜5éLî‰;’5Š£

EAG

vV<2"(wP&6/6/&P$'& <@SO5OQSRLlP4S^`–OedPOQSR %=S^`–OedP[S^

) '

^]

OQSR 5[_`

! %)

OedVOQSR : [_`

! %) OedV[S^

) '

^]POQSR %-

%)

Oed|OQSR

%) Oed|[S^

) '

^];OQSR 9

IOed|OQSR Oed|[S^

) '

^];OQSR



•—ð! L eêSž×‘׊ ˜5œ5•±¬

˜5œ5•±¬

•

7)8&)

%= :

%- 9

#c)8 ( ( ( " " ( ( ( (

wP& ( " " " " " " " "

wP& ( ( ( ( " ( ( ( (

M4 " ( ( ( ( " ( ( ( (

M)&2 ( ( ( " " " " ( (

wP")#c ( ( ( " " ( ( ( (

#) " ( ( " " " " ( (

<$ %&%(

˜5éL ro“”5ŠonœŠ‘¤‘b”5‘b£>•—‘bŠ®zœ/’5s‘bœŠ‹

””5Š°mÝ£('>‹k‘bŽ ‘b“z™ng˜5éL m¯SgêSgéL‘b”5



¯SêSéLžb®

Š™ œtŽ ‘b“z±œj±t˜5éL œ—’5t””5Š£âbr– ’5¹ œ®¡e

œ‘b’5xK”5‘bœŽ×‘bŽ ‘b“z™zz˜5éL hz¯SêSéL£

“”5Še¡e‹NŽI™

–—’5 ŠrZ‘bŽ ‘bœZ™‘b”5ÞJ¬®¬áb£¯S‘b“ ™‘b”5>‘b”5‘bZ>ŽLŠŠ

”5’5ŠLŽ ‘b“z®|L™‘b”5h¡eŠŠ’5Lœ‘bŽ ‘KœhŠÝœŠS‘b‹Œ£ ‘b)±³ ¡e‘b/³

zt™‘bžxztz—‘b’5Š—‘bŽ ‘bzi–³tœŠ “z



‘5”5‘b­”5‘b‹ŒžeŽ/

“z‘bÝ£V¯S‘;œŠÝœŠ›‘b‹



‘;œ‘b¡ežb®VN¡ì™‘b”5> “zœŠŠ‹hœ‘b œ

Ž ‘b“ke‘bŽ ‘bœe™‘b”5’5‹Œº

¹ ‘b“z™t—‘b*)±³>¡et—‘bœtŽ ³¤œŠ “z¤

eœ ‘b‘b|‘b¡s, ¹ ,

¹ ‘b”5Šœ™+)±³’5‹&,IÂ- e“”5‹NŠ“zž×¡e1,.!/

¹ ‘b”5Šœ™10±’5‹'hœ5Žz‘bœ'ŽsN³'œŠ “z'—

œ ‘b‘b|‘b¡e®­’5‹NŽ  Š

‰;L‘bŽ ‘bœL™‘b”5h¡ehhéL‘b”5t¬



¯S™£;¬­žK‘b”5‘bL™‘b“z“z‘5Vœ‘b’5

xŽ ‘b“z|»¼µKªzÀ



”5‘bh’5žb£%éL‘b‹’5ݑb”5‘b ’5¹ ™‘b”5£%‰;x™‘b”53254

œ‘b’5ip C ·¨®L·²|®L·ÊEB8

#<

®Nj C·¨®x·²|®x·¨´­®x·ÊEB8

6

®NŸ”5

‘b“z‘bŠ¢/ÍL¼Ì|®ÍL²|®¿¼Ì|®¿²|®%œ£8 < œ‘b’55”5‘b­”5‘× ’5‹Ne“zPŽ

L™87›š!9ã:ZSŽ ‘KL¡e‘b/’5™™h¡ehh ””5‘bœxŠ‘b£%âbV‘bœ™

“”5ŠzŽ ‘b“zeŠ¢N¥K²§³´L—œ“”5ŠÝ'eŠ¢N¥%ÔV§ÏÌϨ´;x¿·²Ì¿³4Ò¨´x/»²<—²¶²Ì¨£

7!0k¬­£•—º”:¤>Ž ‘;P”5Š ‘bЛޠ‘b“°ŽKNœŠŽ ‘;‹Œ“’5Še’5‹80k¬ Ž ‘b›œŠ “z

Ž×x“z‘bݞbºÈªzµNŽ ‘5 z©Ž ‘”5Š ‘bŠ£¯S‘b“kéL‘b”5Z¬ ¯S™£5¬­žb®¡ee­’5éL‘b”5



(7)

G"G

#c2;M&74

GG

wP&6/6/&|#c"| 4;)<2&)Œ !;f^R

0 bˆb‡5‚ˆb„5€g„587'„5‡5‚ˆ4jƒ5ƒ6;;„ 4:4|ƒ|ˆ 4|€>‚ ;

#<+(*

4 " %(

(8)

Šœ‘bœN‘bŽKN¯S‘bœ¡ec”5”5‘»¨;Îj¼ÌŨ



‹Œ‘x¬­ààžb£|âbSœ“”5‘b’5

Ÿ“zŠŠŸ¡e‘b£×âbKLŽ™‘bK‘b%’5œ Ž I Š‹—Žh¡e‘b™—Ÿ

Š‘b™x‘b‹Ž×“zV‘bx‘b£%Õsx ‘b¢z‘bxݔ5‘b“z£%‰;eŽ ‘b|

œg5Š‹Œ™ïp’5œn™‘b“z“z‘±¤œ‘b’5onŽ ‘b“zZ»¼µjÉrÊ¡e

“zŽ ‘biy¡eìp“zŠŠhhŽ—“”5ŠZ”5‘b”5 êSœ žb£Nâbgjœ

ݔ5‘b“z®5¡e–Š‘b™––;ŽI”5‘b”5N¡eZ‘b ¤‘b ‘bZœ“”5 

ŠœN”5‘b”5£PÕsŸ“z ŠŠ‹tœŠ N”5‘b”5hŸ™‘b”5



œŠŠ

2 žb®PŽ ‘Lݑbœ™t“펠‘b“í—Š”5‘bitÞbàá £™£5²Ò ²·¨Ì¿¼Ò§´zŨ.;¨Ì

²ÍL¼Ì¿>Ũžb£ÕsZ “zZ>Z¡ì”5‘b”5hŸŸ“zN’5 ‘Lh

”5‘b”5Ų̴­£|‰;S“zVŽ×xœ‘b œzŠŠ¡eK”5‘b”5NŲ̴­®%ŠŠV

œ“”5 Z‘brŠŠ¡e£x¯SŠŠ‹Œ®x¡es“zŽ ‘bŸp ‘™‘b“z“z‘/’5‹j‘b™p

™‘b”5 V”5;ÎjÀÎ65œ‘b’5¤ZêSœ £ ‘b”5‘bN

™‘bŠ–“zŽ ‘¤ŽZoŽ ‘b“

7

:!!7›ã:›ž 7

:›®h¡e‘b 7

:ïrŽ ‘Z

‘’¤37 :—Ž ‘׏­Ùœ£

<+) 4 " %(

‰; “’5‘PŽ;œœ ‘b‘bœ/ “zœŠŠ‹Ž  ' ‘;œ‘”5 >Ž ‘;ݔ5‘b“zh¬­®

Dh‘bx‘bc”5œŠ‹LÀ. J® 5.Ð5–15.ÀÐ|£%ÕseŽ ‘b|­’5‘be|>¥K¥PPœ‘b’5

‘bi‘b‹±‘b‘bºx“zݓz “ ®¬­àðp ‘bœ—jg¬­ð¹ “zŠŠj¡e‘bpÝ£/‰;tœŠŽ ‘

Nœœ ‘®ððð¤“zNZ‘/¡e 8;K“zLKæ Ž“u‘b/”5‘bKŽP¥K¥P

‘bœ™Û£;¯S ‘b‘b“z‘b®;¡e—­’5‘b—àð Že—Ž ‘b“zz‘bL’5—Ž ‘b“z+8®

¡e Z“zŽ ‘bs ¡e«k“”5б”5‘b”5



Ų̴­® |®–¨Ìu‘iÂPžb£—‰; ®'

œ‘b”5ŽKN“zŽ ‘b>–Nœ“”5 –ŠœP”5‘b”5> Ž  ŠSŽ ‘KŠ‹

¬­ðïŽIeŽ ‘b“z£Õs5”5‘b5’5Š¡seŠœŽIeœœ‘bœP­’5º

A;Ì©5¨Ò©5·Ò´P¿²§Å.²§§?¿6z·²Ó5²§¨²³Ì¿»²Œ²§¨ .4Ò¨e·²©5²¿§¼Ò³··¨5©5²§µ¼Ò§¿|¨Ìz¿

²³§¨´P´¨eµ¼Í;©5·³4Ҩ̿|²Ò´´³|Ų̴P·¨eÅÏ zų//³µ³·¨eÅÏ©5²§¿¨ÍL¨Ì¿|Ũ´ ;x·©5¨´Îj²§³¿³ÍL¨´

Ò¨²ÅŲÍ<.´³¿ÒÏzǪ̀4Ò²§²Ì¿²³Ì¨eŨeس·¼Í ¿§¨´@z·¨e̼§ÅzŨe·²z¶³··¨eŨ5Îj¼´´¼Ò·

¨Ì´¨³Ó5̨eŨ´ K¼Į̀´ :¼´¨´+.§Ò¨x²·Ó5Ò³§¨ .¼z·¨eµ²´´¼Ò·¨¿|ÍL³¼¿²³¿|ŨeÏ¿¨§Ì³¿Ï

³§¨e¨¿6²Ìµ²³§¨z·¨S§Ï´¼§+.§Ò¨eŨK¨§µÔ z¥K²§³´+.4Ò³|¶¼Ì¿|²¶¼³§@zÏÍL¨¿¿§¨e¨Ì¶³§¼Ì

¼§Å¨ÍL¨Ì¿|ŨeÍL²§µ:²Ìų´¨´PŲ̴P·¨5©5¼§¿|ŨK¼¿¿¨§Å²Í .·¨5©5·Ò´P³Í;©5¼§¿²Ì¿|ÅÒzÍL¼ÌŨ.

ÅÏ¿§Ò³¿¨5©5²§P·²Ó5Ò¨§§¨¾—²Ì´P·¨e¶³··²­Ó5¨eŨ V¼µ¼²³¿³4Ò¨ .4Ò³|´¨e§¨·¶¨5©5¨Ò©5¨Ò

²¼ÒÌÅÏ.¼Ì¿|Ï¿Ïe§¨µ¼ÌÅÒ³¿´PŲ̴P·²©5§¼¶³Ìµ¨e²Ì­Ó5·¼­©:¼Ì¨eÅÒªz¼§Å LÒ¨´¿

¼³§´P¼Ì¿|Ï¿Ïe¿ÒÏ´V©5²§@²··¨´PŲ̴P·¨5Ó:¨¿¿¼z̼³§PŨS¼Ø¼Œ² .z·0¨´¿|Ũ V¼:²Į̀´ ¼Ò§cÓ

²@/¼Ò·¨eŨeÒÌ©5¼·³µ³¨§P̼³§+.Ų̴P·²zµ³¿ÏeŨeÂK¶²¿¼Ì .·²z¶¨³··¨eÅÒV¼Ò§PŨe·0²Ì »

ÐÐz´¼·Å²¿´/§²Ì ²³´PÅÏ©5·¼­ÔVÏ´PŲ̴P·²z§ÏÓ5³¼ÌzŨ<—¼Åżҧ Î ­Îj¨··³µØe²@/²³¿|µ¨¿¿¨

©5³ÏÓ5Ϩ.ÍL¨§µ§¨Å³|ÀÐ@/Ï¶§³¨§+.¨Ì©5·¨³Ìzµ¨Ì¿§¨eÅÒ©5¼§¿J©5Ï¿§¼·³¨§PŨK²§§²Ìµ²¨§ÍL¨² .

Þ

ᛴ¼Ì! ¼Òµ:¼Ì!×Ũe·²z§Ò¨–Ñ%²¶³Ì Ö"».zµÒ³¿|ÒÌzµ²´´¼Ò·¨¿|Ũ²´¿¨·Ì²ÒŲ§cÔ

Þ'>ᛨҩ5·Ò´P¿²§ÅzŲ̴PǪ̀e§Ò¨eŨ5ªz²­©5·¼Ò´¨ .¨Ì;³´¼§Å²Ì³¨e¼µµÒ­©5Ϩ;x̵³¨Ìzµ¼

Þbá›Ò´Ï¨eŨe·²# $;G.À5.§Ò¨Ò§µ¼Ò/ . %ÐÐ ¥K²§³´'&¿Ï·Ö)(% Ð bÀ

Þ

á›ÍL¼³´P²­©5§ ´P·²zÍL³´¨e¨Ìz§¼Ò¿¨eŨ*L²µ³Ø¼¶¼ .·²zµ²¿²´¿§¼­©:¨e²Ì̵̼Ϩęe²©5²´P¨

ÞbãKá b¶¼Ò´+.µ 0XÏ¿²³¿|·¨7z²¶§³·.Ų̴P·¨4Ò²§¿³¨§P´ÒÅzŨ5Îj²Ìµ:¨´¿¨§.#¿|¥K¨¿¨§B0´'4Ò²§

(9)

ÞbéLᗴҵµ$ŨzÒÌz´¼µ³²·³´¿¨eŲ̴P·¨5©5·Ò´V©5¨¿³¿|µ²Ì¿¼ÌzŨe· 0<—ϧ²Ò·¿ ÖÎj²Ò§³µ¨K¨4Ò³

ÞLáÓ5§²ÌÅzµ¼Í;©5²­Ó5̼ÌzŨe§¼Ò¿¨eŨ5¾—²¶¨<—¼··²ÌÅ ¨¿|Ũe¥K¼§¿²·.­©5§Ï´¨Ì¿¨eÒÌz̼Ҷ¨²Ò

%()

âb±'œ®>¡eh’5‘bŽ Š‹rŠe“zt 'j¡e‹Œ–±‘bА¤“z£‰;¤“z

”5‘b­’5Š“íœ ‘bizº ‘bœz Ž5¬­àði ŠiV’5'‘bœ™Û

££S‘b  ðíŽ;žb®S¡eœ–/I™Š™’5Š£V‰;‘bN‘bN‘bŠ›‘b>Ž ‘;£

‰;hŽ ‘b5ez zŽPz“”5‹e”5‘b”5'—z“’5™ ‹–ŽPz“”5‹–Š“z£

‹e»¼µ/ÉrÊ¡e‘bªzµ'œœ”5LK”5‘b”5L’5Š™—ŸhŠ‘b™‘Vªz¥P®IxîÞ á 

Nœœ‘bœ>Ž £žb£V‰;N””5ŠœŽKN™‘b“z“z‘;‘b”5‘b™ªz¥jœ‘b’5

£¬x¡e–Š™I“zœ–‘b Š‘b“z/Š‘b™”5‘bIŽ;£S‰;‘bŽ ‘b®SÞ

á;

¡g‘bœ™hK•—š ·²h§Ò¨'Ñ%²¶³Ì žb£L™z“z®%¡ex‘b“z8h ‘bœ£

‰; ®×¡e™Ž œŠ‹'‘b œhh=🠑bœx££I’5 £Ÿ£rãK‘b‘b‘bxŠ¢hÞ'>á

Šx’5N‘b“z’5ŠN‘b ™N””5ŠœŽKN™‘b“z“z‘;ŽKN™‘bŠªz¥P£

Š ™

Þbá>L¡eŠŠ%”5‘b®×Kœ Š’5/”5‘bKŽŠ™‘> ®×h“zŠ5‘b À5.I§Ò¨ Ò§µ¼Ò/'.

%ÐÐ h¥K²§³´ žb£%•—'Pœ–””5‘bNß5¬¤“zNZ ‘/œ‘”5  Ž>–Š

œœ ‘b‘bœžb£

‘”5‘b­’5Š“nœ“zPŽ ‘b“ke eŽI“zŽ ‘bP ‘×™‘b“z“z‘bº´ÒÅ

'ÞbãKá Îj²Ìµ:¨´¿¨§x/I<4Ò²§¿³¨§­žb£S‰;”5‘bœŽ; ”5‘bА/œ‘b/ œ

ŸpÞbéLábºL¡e‹±Žz‘b“z™jx—pœ‘b œxc”5œŠx ”5‘bАi™‘b“z“z‘b£/‰;

™‘bŠ‹iŽ5ª©5§'‘N £P¯S‘Lݓ”5Š®PŸI œŸŠ¢'·²¶³··¨ŸÅ¨Ÿ¥K²­Ó5̼·

›>‘bŠe’5‹¥K²­Ó5̼·Ê´>µ³¿Ô›ž;>‘bœ™ºV¥K²­Ó5̼·×>L“zLŽ5;”5‘bŠ‹

ZK“zŽœ‹Œ£×‰;;”5‘b­’5Š“uœN’5Š’5‹—h hŽœ‘bxŽ

”5‘b­”5‘ £›âb'ÞbéLáb®›zœŠŽ ‘;§¼Ò¿¨5”5‘b׎Pz¯S‘bœ'œ“”5 µ¼Í;©5²­Ó5̼Ì

Ũ–§¼Ò¿¨ Ž ŠŠ¡°‘bŠŠ‘bžb£5‰;–””5ŠœZŽ>œ“”5 Zœ‘bL ŠZ‘b“z

e¡e‘b™”5‘b™£

t„5€>‡ b†:;ˆb„5€!5€>… 4|ƒ6; :4|‡|‚ˆ46;

‰;ה5”5‘V’5‘bŽ Š‹ /’5 ‘PŽ;”5‘ 

ªzµ®Jª©5§­žP¡e>ªz¥P/¥K¥P£

¯S‘b“«‘b‹Œ®S¡eNœN™‘bŠ›‹ŒœœN‘b Š>–˜5éL –NŽ ‘b“

Ž'™‘b”5£NÕsjg””5Š‹o“zjŽ'j™‘b“z“z‘btìŸÙ ‘bŠœjœ‘”5 £N‰;

“z±””5‘b–—’5¤ŽN™‘b/‘b/Ž ‘•— ‘bŠ/˜5™ ™Zš›‘bœ™Ž ®

Ž ‘b®Pœ‘bhœ‘b’5ŠŸ  £žb£n¯S ‘b‘b“z‘b®PŸŠ™ œŸ ‹z”5‘b œ

”5‘bœh‹ŒœœhŽ ‘b“z——zI œeŽPzŽ ‘b“s»¼µÉrÊ£›âb×eŠ—z ‘bœ

Ž“zœtŽ ‘b“z®I’5‹rœ™rªzµi±r ¢¡eª©5§­£ ‘b‘b®¡e

”5‘b­ÙœLZ’5 Špœ‘b—ŽzŠœzª©5§Zœ™j‹ŒœœiŽ ‘b“zj‘h

œ“”5Šeݙ£

(10)

U5&7 &,U|$'&4,

H

&0," |&&)!JL"# 6/7"&)K&0.x8M')"2&)KM&6/6/&U

6/&"I0;vVM8 2&,?&",0&0;0" P)M&;T a|-

=SU5"M8&,eU,#c#c,Œ$rU­12"8

M6/ & "xx&0x"#V0"286/ & "x86/6/&& "SU

%"20Mz"#&lP&

& "&)35"#c2'"

!J 6

22zT

3

(a,

$' &2>"/1M &)Œ1"286/ I0 &0MVU $'&8,&lP&ŒT=a

SUè358224&)), NU,/vV8,/1U,>*)&0,:KU

6/& 2Z &MMM"#N8"lPr7"7"8U

& 8&)ŒvV&M8&M

*

MM,*")U- =SU 35&6/.0M; ! %IT a

9

-

:

Uè1"6/M8,›3eU *

80N0"8 )>#c"6/& 8> I)M8 8>7"8;)&0L)&L2424

0#c"6/& "u0&ì8u2"78ì0"286/ &U

H

4n0n0"2 "& iï#c"6/& 8,

+;0;$'&()&(*&))+;T= a

-SUè?&",3eU,

))& ,U×35)&0<7".)M8M++h7&L0h &082 8

#c,Ÿ0& s ¤ s0y7"&) +yT&M)&(#c& &aUNvVM8 8y2" & y

&082 ", P77"24I6/78UvV"8&()&(8;Ta

SUèwP&M8,%$rU$%7" "P&0 4/&6/P"#I2"8 P&0)&0 &>)"2&)|M&6/6/&I#c"

4&8 "6/& 2&&)!J×"#| < UXvV&M8&M

&24,*")U =SU

"8),vV&M8&M

&24

8 ,

"8)& "&)Œ !T-a

:

9

UèwP",$rU×wP&6/6/&Ÿ &#c"6/& "))Ÿ08#c& &U›*")U!,

!J &<—0—)&0.U

%&,

H

vV, +%& 9 T a

SUèwP",e$rU,e35" 82 M±vV<2"(wP&6/6/&U

! P ,eU

H U U,"S&6/7")), NU×T0Ua

35"6/78 & "&)# P77"&245 "x 4vV<2"SU%$<#c"0e !:%,&$<#c"0eT

:

aV=

=

SUèwP",|$rUvVP#c"6/']R^ SRYQ)(i08#c& &UÈvVM 2&

M& ",%*")U+**3=SU

"45{&6/, P6/ 0&6 %4)&0)74&;T a|= 9

=

9

SU–wP",›$rU H

4N35" 82 "–"#;vV"2&)×wP&6/6/&U

* U

"24N&0-,U

24&.>T

*

0Ua

?

& ;vV&M8&M%"2MVU

H

4;$

H

%,35&6/.0M,$'&U T

9 a =-=

U–$'&8),Ÿ1U. P0.s0y0& z+ 80y7+)6/&/y)8r & 6/ Z&8 "6/& 8U

vVM 2&

M& ",h*")U*

*3U"405 {&6/,. P6/ 0&6 %4)&0)74&

T a

=SU–$'&8)I1U,% ",$UŒ02 "&L0L"6/>7"7>7"821O3

) ( Œ)>"6/>7"7

M+"M&748U

(?&",|3eUJT0SUa P&)!J/)<2&)/ V!J &<8+)/!J 6/

H *

*zU

vVM 2&

M& ",—*")U**

U"445 {&6/,5 P6/ 0&6 %4)&0)74&

T a|=

9

=SU

SU

"24,

* U P&)!Jj!J &<8± &#c"6/& "))±08g#c& &t7&— &082 8t

)<8(M&6/6/&U

H

4;0;0"2 "& ,"%&, +%& 9 T a

(11)

:

9

& "&)h35"#c2±"g35"6/78 & "&)hvVM8 2tT3$v

w aU$'" &)

T a= = =

-SU

))& ,U

2"&&2 &8 "6/& 8 0k +k08Ú)<8(M&6/6/&«0

<7"I#cM+U

H

&&8<>0;)M8 8U58<))IT a

SU

). ,$rU12 "&×+)2 "8× &&)!JP&8 "6/& 8P0; < vV;!J 6/

H *

*zU $'&","%&IT a

9 U ). ,$rU H *

*3x&s2"78r7"2My!J 6U

8%"20Mr"#Z 4 -

& "&)–35"#c2p"y35"6/78 & "&)–vVM8 2T3$v

w :

aU!J" ", &7&

T

:

a|-

9

-=

SU

). ,$rU H *

*ï&

5$rU

I1 , NUST

*

0SUa P2 z0

H

"6/."8+

H *

*zU

8

#c"6/& 8—

& 8—0&h)

22z486/&UVvVM'T=a

=

SU–qZ&&",

H U,ŒwP&&8&,

U,ŒqZ),,U *

&)8& "x"#V&x&)M" 46p#c"S 42"M "x&0

2)&#c2& "'"#P7"7&6/U

%"20Me"#; 4

& "&)×35"#c2N"

35"6/78 & "&)ŒvVM8 2IT3$v

w a,35"74&M/T a

:

:

=

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to