• Aucun résultat trouvé

Adaptive Regularization: Towards Self-Calibrated Reconstruction

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Partager "Adaptive Regularization: Towards Self-Calibrated Reconstruction"

Copied!
13
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00074326

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074326

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Adaptive Regularization: Towards Self-Calibrated Reconstruction

Mads Nielsen

To cite this version:

Mads Nielsen. Adaptive Regularization: Towards Self-Calibrated Reconstruction. [Research Report]

RR-2351, INRIA. 1994. �inria-00074326�

(2)

ISSN 0249-6399

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

1994

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Adaptive Regularization:

Towards Self-Calibrated Reconstruction

Mads Nielsen

N˚ 2351

Septembre 1994

PROGRAMME 4

Robotique,

image

et vision

(3)
(4)

" $#%&(')*+-,/.012345* 6*78&9:47;

<>=@?:A)BDCFEHGIAEHJ

KMLONQPRLTS-U1U1VWX YZNQ[\N^]O_a`cbdV^eH_aUfS^PQVVg]Zhc_aiO_jNQk

KlLON-mOVg]nYZopZorqsrtTu

Y8S-vdv\NRLw]ZxyVLOVz|{dV}LOz~{dVk€f‚QƒQ„d…ZX ucV}vH]TV}U[dLOVf…†R†-WX ‚Q‡ˆv‰S-PRV}i

Šf‹Œgސ‘d’^ŽR“\”•|–}—c˜j™gšw›œg™gžI› Ÿ}¡r›¢@Ÿ}£ažO•T¡™g¤¥¤c˜¦›•~§¨žOŸžw©H•9›¦˜ª˜ª«¬¤­Ÿ¢I•|§¨¤¥šOŸ}®c˜•°¯±Ÿ}£d¢F—¥šw£²™}³~•´šO•~³~Ÿ}¡c«

¢Fžwšw—y³°žw›Ÿ}¡¶µ¸·M©c›¢@›¦¯*¤c˜ª› •~¢9žw©H•M›ª¡H³~Ÿ}šw¤‰Ÿ}šT™gžw›Ÿ}¡Ÿ}£5¹ºH»T¼¾½»T¼-¿-¡yŸ|À:˜•|§¥–•:›¦¡žw©H•¢wŸ}˜ª—cžw›Ÿ}¡¶µ@·M©H•

šO•~³|Ÿ}¡H¢Ážwšw—H³Tžw›Ÿ}¡§c•T¤‰•°¡y§c¢¢ÁžwšOŸ}¡H–}˜ªÂŸ}¡Ãžw©c›¢¨¹;ºy»T¼¾½»T¼^›ª¡c£¬Ÿ}šI¯™gžI› Ÿ}¡¶µ¸·9Â-¤c›³™g˜¦˜ªÂ2ÄcÅ2—d™g˜¦›ªžT™gžw›ªÆ2•

¹;ºy»T¼¾½»T¼R›ª¡c£¬Ÿ}šw¯™gžw›Ÿ}¡›¢:—H¢w•~§‰Ä-˜ •™°Æ^›ª¡H–›¦ž:ž°ŸžI©H• —y¢w•°š5žOŸ•|¢Ážw›¦¯™gžO•¤d™gš|™g¯•TžO•TšO¢~Ä\Ǭ•~–Rµ´žw©H•

ÀM•™g¿¢FžIšw›¦¡y–ÉÈËÊ}ÌjÍTµÉΞw©H•T𝁕°žI©HŸ-§¥¢¨§c•T¤‰•°¡H§É¢FžwšOŸ}¡H–}˜ªÂDŸ}¡Ï™}¢w¢Á—c¯*¤cžw›Ÿ}¡H¢¨Ÿ}£žw©H•Æ-›•TÀ:›¦¡y–

–•|Ÿ}¯•TžwšwÂЙg¡H§HÑ}Ÿ}šZ¢FžT™gžw›¢Fžw›³~¢MŸ}£9žw©H•Z¢w³~•°¡H•ÈÓÒ}ÌÔĶÈÖÕ2×g̲µ:ؕ°›ªžw©H•Tšžw©H•ZÆ-›•TÀ:›¦¡y––•|Ÿ}¯•Tžwšw¡yŸ}š

žw©H•Z¢w³~•°¡H•Z¢FžT™gžI› ¢FžI› ³~¢™gšO•Z›¦¡f–•T¡H•TšT™g˜‰¿-¡HŸ~À:¡f£¬Ÿ}š™g¡Ù™}³Tžw›ªÆ2•¨Ÿ}®H¢I•°šwÆ2•Tšµ´ÚÛ¡§QÂ^¡d™g¯*› ³Æ-›¢F›Ÿ}¡¶Ä

©HŸ|Àl•TÆ2•°šÄ´žI©H•ܹºH»T¼¾½»T¼Ý¿^¡HŸ|À5˜ •~§c–•³™g¡®‰••TÞ-žIšT™}³°ž°•|§Ü£jšOŸ}¯0žw©H•*šO•|³~Ÿ}¡H¢FžIšw—H³Tžw› Ÿ}¡Ÿ}£žw©H•

¤cšO•TÆ-›Ÿ}—H¢l¢w³|•T¡H•~¢~µ¸·M©c›¢˜•g™}§c¢/žOŸ™g¡™}§y™g¤cžw›ªÆ2•5š°•|–}—c˜j™gšw›œg™gžI› Ÿ}¡¢w³w©H•T¯• ³™g¤d™g®c˜•Ÿ}£¸³™g¤cžw—cšI«

›¦¡y–1žw©H•*šO•|¢Á—c˜¦žI›¦¡H–âw³|•T¡H•¢FžT™gžw›¢Fžw›³~¢;›ª¡Džw©H•*³™g¯•TšT™f³~Ÿ-Ÿ}šO§R›¦¡d™gž°•$¢ÁÂQ¢Fž°•°¯ÐµàßMŸ}¡y¢w•|Å2—H•T¡-žI˜¦Â-Ä

³g™g˜ª›ª®cšT™gžw›Ÿ}¡*› ¢9¡HŸ}ž/¡H•|•~§c•~§‰µ¸·M©H•r¹ºy»T¼¾½»°¼¿^¡HŸ~À:˜ •~§c–•:šO•~Å2—c›¦š°•|§r›¢´žI©H•™g¯Ÿ}—c¡^žMŸ}£‰¡HŸ}›¢w•M›ª¡

žw©H•§H™gž|™^ÄQ™g¡H§žw©­™gž´žI©H•¢FžT™gžw›¢Fžw›³~¢´Ÿ}£‰žw©H•¢I³|•T¡H•:›¢Ÿ}¡c˜ªÂÆ2™gšwÂ^›ª¡H–¨¢F˜Ÿ|À5˜¦Â-µ¶Ú۞›¢M¢Á©HŸ|À:¡žw©d™gž

žw©H•™}§y™g¤cžw›ªÆ2•:šO•|–}—¥˜a™gšw›œ™gžw› Ÿ}¡Â^›•°˜§c¢9šO•|¢Á—c˜¦ž°¢¸À:©c›³w©™gš°•³|Ÿ}¯*¤d™gšT™g®¥˜ •Mž°Ÿ;žw©HŸ¢I•:Ÿ}£­žI©H•MÀl•g™g¿

¢Fžwšw›ª¡H–›ª£:žw©y•›ª¡c¤c—¥ž;›¢¨¤c›•|³~•TÀ:› ¢I•¤¥˜a™g¡d™gš}µÚÛ¡c¤c—cžO¢©d™TÆ-›ª¡H–fŸ}¡c˜ªÂD™1£¬•TÀá§R›¦âd•TšO•T¡-ž¢F—cšw£²™}³~•

Ÿ}šw›•°¡^žT™gžw›Ÿ}¡H¢™gšO•šO•~³|Ÿ}¡H¢Ážwšw—H³TžO•~§àšOŸ}®c—y¢Fžw˜ªÂ2µà·M©y•1™}§H™g¤cžI›¦Æ2•¢FÂR¢FžO•T¯ã›¢¢F©HŸ~À:¡žOŸf©d™TÆ2•×

¢FžT™g®c˜•äcÞ-¤‰Ÿ}›ª¡-ž}µ

åÜæQçÝèOéꉏ2덌^“í축g™gšI¡c›¦¡y–r›¦¡f³~Ÿ}¯*¤c—cžO•TšMÆ^›¢F› Ÿ}¡¸ÄRÚÛ¡-žO•~–}šT™gžw›Ÿ}¡fŸ}£¸¯Ÿ^§Q—c˜•|¢ ™g¡H§1³T—H•|¢gÄyî-—cšI«

£²™}³~• šO•~³~Ÿ}¡H¢Fžwšw—y³°žw›Ÿ}¡¶Ä-ï5™°Â2•~¢F›a™g¡•~¢Fžw›ª¯™gžw›Ÿ}¡¶µ

ðañÃò

óÛôIõö

ò

ó÷/øùôwú²ûgü

ý@þÿ FþÿÛþ! "wÿ$#%'&‰ý%"Áþ(ÿ")#+*,"wÿ(".-/(01#$

"¾ÿ0,2)34567)&8 59(,7*,"wÿ")-(:ÿ$;²ÿ$< )&8 2þ=4-56

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis

2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex (France)

Te´le´phone : (33) 93 65 77 77 – Te´le´copie : (33) 93 65 77 65

(5)

ˆ& 4 *7¨4&´547; D:D78123

æcŒ æá“ k4xyVi$xdNRUfS_jkyVivyLw_jkdzg_av‰S-b xS^vyv_azS2]O_aNQkxdV¾SàLV}PRb¾S-Lw_ji|S2]O_aNRk

V}iO]¬S¨LOV}zNQkdiO]TLObyz]O_aNQkxdViTbyLÛS^z}V}iV¾S _aUÃv_a`cbdVÓ_akdz}NRLOv\NQLTS2]O_aNRk$xdV Ë_ak²NRLOUfS]O_jNQk

!#"%$'&)($'&

x‰S-kdi*¾SÜiTNjb¥]O_jNQk,+9SÜLOV}z}NRkdiI]TLObdzg]O_jNQkÏV}iO]V¥]TL-V}U1V}UÃV}kQ]fxV}v¶V}kdx­S^kQ]TVxdV

z}Vg]O]TVxdV}LOkH_.VLOV/10rS-[H_]TbyV23aVU1V}kQ]e-bdkdV:_ak²NQLOUÐS]O_aNRk*`cb‰S4 _]~S]O_hQVV}iO]/bH]O_3 _jiV}V

!"%$'&)($'&

e

V}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNQk xdV}iv­S^LTS-U5.V]TLOV}i6V]~S-kQ]7¬S2_aiTiV}V8.S9 ÖbH]O_3_ai~S]TV}bdL;:Ôz}NQUÃU1Vfv‰S-L*V'yV}UÃvjV

x‰S-kdi<jVzS-i/xdV=¾SrU1V}U[dLTS-kdVÛS_a[jV?>ËW4@BACD7S-bH]TLOV}i/UEVg]T{dNHxdV}ilxVv\V}kdxdV}kQ] ²NQLw]TV}UÃV}kQ]

xdV}i;iTbdvdv\NRiI_]O_aNRkyiÛS2_ ]TV}iiTbdL¬SP V}NQUEVg]TLw_aVVg]2F2NQbiTbdL=jV}ixH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRkyiZiO]~S]O_jiI]O_j`cbdV}i

zS-LTS^zg]V}Lw_ji|S^kQ]G¾Sfi°z/.V}kdV9>փ4@Ûe,>ւy…'@IHMkP V}kJV}LTSKÛe\kH_aV}iv‰S-LTS^U9.Vg]TLOV}iP<V}NRULVg]TLw_a`¥byVirxdV

NQ[diTV}Lwh^S]O_jNQk!kH_MaV}i1xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQkdifkdVÜiTNQkR]1z}NRkyk¥byiDS-kdiNjVàzS-xdLOVÜxdVO¬SDhc_aiO_jNQk

xPHk‰S-U_j`cbdV^eÓ_ak²NQLOUÐS]O_aNRk

!N"%$'&)($'&

v\V}bH]#-Vg]TLOV1V'H]TLTS_ ]TVfxdV}iLOVz}NQkdiO]TLObdzg]O_aNRkyi*vdLVQ

z%V}xdV}kQ]TVixdV¬SÜiTz/.VkyV1,5V2¬SÜz}NRkdxybH_]9.S)bykÏiRPHiO]S.V}U1VfxdVfLV}PQb¾S-Lw_ai~S2]O_aNQkÏS-x‰S^v¥]~S2]O_3Ie

`cbH_@V}iO]zS^v­S^[aVrxË_jkV}LOV}LaVi xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQkdiZiI]~S2]O_aiO]O_a`¥byVi xdVG¾SiTz/.V}kdVrUÃV}iTbyLVV}iv­S^L

LTS-vdv\NRLw]S^bDLOV}vT.V}LOV_jUfS-PRV^e­LOV}kdx‰S-kQ]S_akdiO_@]TNQbH]TVzS4_a[dLTS]O_jNQkDiTbdv\VLU­bdV/T+@V}iriTV}bjV}i

z}NQkdk‰S_jiTi|S^kdz}V}i

!;"V$W&)(/$W&

LOV}`cbH_aiTV}iiTNQkQ]7¬SÜh^SKaV}bdLxdbÏLTS-vdv\NRLw]iO_aPRk‰S4iTbdL[dLObH_ ]ÃVg]

aVNÛS2_ ]`¥byVXaV}i*xH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRkdi$iO]~S2]O_aiO]O_a`cbdV}ixdVN¾SÐiTz/.VkyVh^S-Lw_jV}kQ]YaV}kR]TV}U1V}kQ]x‰S-kdiZjV

LOV}vT.V}LOV¨_jUfS-PRV/[8NQbdiU1NQkR]TLONQkdix­S^kdiz}VrLTS-vdv¶NQLw]`cbdVG¾S$LV}PRb¬S-Lw_ji~S]O_aNRkS-x‰S-vH]~S2]O_ hRV

xdNQkdkdVrxdV}iLV}iTb ]~S]Tiz}NRU1v‰S-LTS^[jV}iS}hQVz\aVi LVi°b]~S]TixdVGaVU1V}U[yLTS^kdVGÛS_j[jVriO_]jV}i

xdNQkdkV}V}iriTNQkR]rz}NRkyiO]~S^kQ]TV}irv‰S-L8U1NQLOzVS-bTTDrV}irVyvV}Lw_aV}kdz}Virz}NQkdxdbH_ ]TV}i$ShRV}zi°VbjVQ

U1V}kQ]Ð`cbdVa`cbdV}ifNRLw_aV}kR]~S]O_aNRkdifxyVÙiTbdLÛS-z}VÙU1NQkR]TLOV}kQ]bdkdVàLOV}zNQkdiO]TLObyz]O_aNQk!LONR[dbyiO]TV/

[¨NQbdiZxV}U1NQkR]TLONQkdirS^byiTiO_¸`¥byV^jV$iRPHiO].V}UÃVSbykdV*v\N^_akQ]M_`yV*iO]~S-[aV1

a êyŽŒèT’1bKæ “ sr_aiO_aNRkxPyk­S^U_a`¥byVQe\Y;V}PRb¾S-Lw_ji|S2]O_aNRkàS^x‰S-vH]~S]O_hQV^e‰Y;V}z}NRkdiI]TLObdzg]O_jNQkÙxdV

iTbyLÛS^z}V}ie]HMiO]O_jUfS]O_jNQkÙ[­SSPRV}iO_aV}kdkdV

(6)

!'")& !/$W&!)&)(`(!/$ "!$# !%&'&$ !' )('( )$"()&)(

ƒ

* + :É47;

q;{dV8vyLONR[aV}U1i5N¸xdV}vH]T{QÁV'¥]TLTS-z]O_aNQkÃNQL:iTbdLÛS-z}VLOV}zNQkdiO]TLObyz]O_aNQkS^LOV _3QFv¶NQiTV}x_jk1]T{dV

iTV}kdi°VN/^0rS^x­S^UfS-LOx >¦…'@MqZ{¥_ji_aiÃUfS_jk P xdbdV]TNkdN^_aiTVz}NQLOLObdvH]O_aNRk¸e:[dbH]fS4jiTNNQ

]TV}kxdbdV]TN#¬S-z),ÜN/:_ak²NRLOUfS]O_jNQk: HMP]‰_jk4Sà‚ Dn_jUfS-PRVS^[\NQbH]8]T{yVЃ1D iO]TLObdzg]TbdLOV1N/

]T{dV$iTz}VkyVAC.-á] PHvH_jzS49iTbdLÛS-z}VLOV}z}NQkdiO]TLObdzg]O_aNRkàvdLONR[jV}Uˆ_ai]TNN_‰kdxà]T{dVLOV}z}NRkyiO]TLObdzQ

]O_aNRk0/ˆN/:]T{dVfx­S2]~S21 ²LONQU ]T{yVÃU1VS-iTbdLOV}U1VkQ]Ti43 e5¨{dV}k_]$_ji6,ckdN758k]T{‰S]*]T{dV

U1VS^i°bdLOV}UÃV}kQ]TirS^LOVz}LOVS2]TV}xÜ[1P)S^xyxH_]O_aNQk)N/kdN-_ji°V68 ]TN1]T{dV*x‰S]~S`

3::9TA<;=1 ::9TA?>@86::9A :°…A

qN4NhRV}LOz}NQUÃVà]T{dVÜ_33QÁv\NRi°VxykdV}iTieLOV}PRb¾S-Lw_BAS]O_jNQk _jiS-vdv _aVxT:qZ{¥_jifLOV}PQb¾S-Lw_CAS]O_aNRk

U_aPR{Q]8[\V^²NQLOUb¬S]TVxà_akÙUfS^k1PD5ZS2PyiFE

G

YZV²NQLOUb¬S]O_jNQk)N9]T{dV$_33QÁv\NRiTV}xàvdLONR[jV}U S-i5V3QFv¶NQiTV}xÙ[1PDS^xdx¥_jkdPS1iI]~S^[H_3Q

_CAg_jkyP]TV}LOU >ւ-WK@

GIH

S^LJ,-NhÙY¨S^kdxyNRULKÝ_jVaxdi*:

H

YK A >ֆ4@

G

pSSPQViI_¾S-k

H

S¥_jUbdUL- K9NQiO]TV}Lw_aNRLw_=:

H

-KAV}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNRk >և4@

GIH

_jk¥_jUbdU DrV}iTz}Lw_jv¥]O_jNQk +@V}kdP-]T{6:

H

D^+ A>ª…ƒS@

q;{dV}iTV]TV}z~{dk¥_j`cbdV}iU_jPQ{Q][\V*bdi°VxÜiTV}v‰S-LTS2]TV3P)NQL]TNQPRVg]T{dV}L2T[¨N1UfS2]O]TV}L58{¥_jz|{ ²NQLQ

Ub¾S]O_aNRk!_aifbdiTV}xÝel]T{dVDV}`cb‰S2]O_aNQkdi1]TbdLOk NQbH]f]TN [¶VÜ_axdV}kR]O_azSKÛe S^kdx ]T{yVÉz|{dN-_jz}VDN/

]TV}z~{ykH_j`cbdV_ji¨S`cbdV}iO]O_aNRkàN/9z}NQkQhRV}kH_aVkyzV#>¦…ƒK@Ûe >և@ yqZ{yVLOVi°b] _ji ]T{‰S2]¨SiI]~S^[H_3 _BAg_akdP

]TV}LOU0_ai8S-xdxdV}xÐ]TN1]T{dV*NQLw_jP-_jk­SK@vdLONQ[aVU5

qZ{H_aiÙiI]~S^[H_3 _BAg_akdP ]TV}LOU _jiÜN¬]TVkízSK3jV}x )M

((%NOP )

'S$

M e¨S-kdx _akdz}NQLOv¶NQLTS2]TV}i

iTNQU1V

!Y"%$'&)($'&

,ckdN5\jV}xdPQV*N9]T{dVi°N/abH]O_aNRkyq;{dV*iTNjb¥]O_jNQkÙ_ai\²NRbdkyx)[1P)U_akH_aU_CAg_jkyP

SQ5Vg_aPR{¥_jkdPN\]T{dVZNQLw_jP-_ak‰SKdvyLONR[aV}U S-P¥S_akdiO]/]T{yVZiTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi]TVLOU5Rq_C,¥{yNRkdNh >ӂ^W4@

bdi°VxD`cb‰S-xdLTS]O_jziTbdU1i8N/]T{yVxdV}Lw_ h^S2]O_ hRV}irNl]T{dViTNjbH]O_aNQkÙ]TNfPcS2_akR5V233QÁv\NRiTV}xdkyVi°i

q;{H_jir_aU1v _jV}ir]T{dV1U_jk¥_jU_CAS]O_aNRkN S-kV}kdV}LOP/PÜ]TV}LOUÙe5¨{H_jz|{_akD]T{dVzS-iTVNbdiTVN/

]T{dV _‰LOiO]8xyVLw_ h^S]O_hQV*_akÙ]T{dV$iTU1NHN^]T{dkyVi°iPc_jVaxdi7E

S:T/7AU;=S

DS2]~S

:T3=V)/*A?>@W XY/[Z

\

5¨{dV}LOV/í_ai:]T{dV¨iTN/abH]O_aNRk¸eciTbd[yiTz}Lw_jvH]]9xyVkyN^]TV}i:]T{dV¨xdV}Lw_h^S]O_ hRV*S-zz}NQLOxH_akdP]TN^9@eHS-kdx

X_jiSQ5Vg_aPR{H_akdPz}NQkdiO]~S-kR]:[\V]T5V}V}k1]T{dV8x­S2]~Sr]TV}LOUS^kyx]T{yV8iTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi]TV}LOU RqZ{dV

_`_ <ab"c7de

(7)

! & F

iTNabH]O_jNQkfzS^kf[\V\²NRbdkyxf[ PfiTN h¥_akdP]T{yV?HMbaV}LQ +9S-PQLTS^kdPQVZV}`cb‰S]O_jNQk1_3Ý]T{yV8x‰S]~S]TV}LOU

_ai8iI_jU1vaV/

V}UfS^kÙS-kdx V}UÐS-k>ӆ4@Ý_akQ]TLONHxdbdz}V}x)S* _jkdVvyLONHzV}iTi<58{H_az~{Ð_ji;bdiTV}xÙS-i8S-kÙSK ]TV}LQ

k‰S]O_ hRV1]TNà]T{dVfiTU1NHN^]T{ykdV}iTir]TV}LOU _jk S H

S-LJ,^Nh4Y¨S^kdxyNRU K@_aVjxT9q;{dV _jkdV1vdLONHz}V}iTi

_aiÃSÜz}NQkdiO]~S-kR]vdbdkH_aiT{dU1V}kQ]ÃNZxH_aiTz}NQkR]O_akcbH_ ]O_jV}i_jk ]T{dVÙi°N/abH]O_aNRk´q;{dVvdbdk¥_jiT{yUÃV}kQ]

_aibyiTV}xÏ_ak ]T{dNRi°Vv¶N-_akR]Ti}e 58{dV}LOVf_ ]NP¥_aVjxyiÐS aN5V}LVkyVLOPP4]T{‰S-k ]T{dViTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi

]TV}LOU5¥tIkÐ]T{dV}iTVv¶N-_akR]Ti}ec]T{dV}LOVr_aikdN*²bdLw]T{dV}LvdbykH_ji°{dU1VkQ]ZN/S{H_jPQ{xdV}Lw_ h^S2]O_ hRV^e\S-kdx

]T{dV$x‰S2]~S]TV}LOUL5;_3¸]TN^]~S43PÙPQNhQVLOkà]T{dV*i°N/abH]O_aNRkÝe 5¨{H_jz|{Ù_akà]T{dV}iTVv¶N-_akR]Ti5Z_339{‰S}hRV

xH_aiTz}NQkR]O_akcbH_ ]O_jV}i­q;{dV*UfS2]T{yVUfS]O_jzS4T²NRLOUb¾S]O_aNRkà_jiFE

H

_akH_aU_BA}V

S :T/7A ;=S

DS]~S

:T3 V"/7A?> W X / Z\ > :°… A :F‚A

5¨{dV}LOV

{‰S-i*]TND[¶V1h^S-Lw_aVx S-i5VZS-i^/Xˆ_ai*]T{dVÐzNQkdiO]~S-kQ]vdbdk¥_jiT{yUÃV}kQ]N]T{dV

 _jkyVvdLONHz}V}iTiÝtIk HM`cb‰S]O_jNQk ‚Ü]T{yViTNjbH]O_aNQk _aikdN-]kyVz}V}iTi~S-Lw_3P bykH_j`cbdV^ekdVg_ ]T{dV}L_ai

]T{dVÐiTN/abH]O_aNRkiTv‰S-zVfz}NQkQhRV'T VUfS-kÏS-kdx VUfS-k6²NQbdkdx NRkdVfN]T{dVfi°N/abH]O_aNRkdiN/

aN5 V}kdV}LOP/PÜ[ PàiO_jUb¬S2]TV}xS^kykdVSK _jkyP]­p¬S,-VS-kdx ­_jiTi°VLOUfS-k>W/@9LOV²NQLOUb¬S]TVxÜ]T{dV

i~S-U1V4iO]TLTS]TV}P/P S-iDS ]T{dLOV}iT{dNjxH_akdP!N]T{dV iTU1NHN^]T{ykdV}iTi]TV}LOU5¨qZ{¥_jià_jU1v _aViÜ]T{dV

U_akH_jU_CAS2]O_aNRkÜN

S:T/7AU;=S

DS2]~S

:T3=V)/*A?> W XI:T/

\ A

5¨{dV}LOV

:CA];

Z _3

Z

N-]T{dV}L 5Z_aiTV

p¬S,^VÙS-kdx ­_jiTi°VLOUfS-k6²NQbdkdx ]T{dViTNabH]O_jNQk [ P]T{dVPQLTS^xdb­S2]TV}x kdNRkQÁz}NRkQhQV¥_ ] P SK3Q

PQNRLw_ ]T{dU :

[^\ATe]5¨{H_az~{±xdNHV}ikyN^]PQb‰S-LTS^kQ]TV}VS^k±NQvH]O_aUfSKiTNjb¥]O_jNQk >ª…‡4@Fe5[dbH]_ai

xdVg]TV}LOU_jk¥_jiO]O_azS-kdx ÛS-iO]TV}Lr]T{‰S^kÉ]T{dVfiO_aUb¬S2]TV}x S-kdkdVS4_akdP >ք4@ ÝqZ{yV

[? 5ZS^i$PRVQ

kdV}LTS4_CA}V}xÙ]TN1N-]T{dV}LZLOV}PRb¾S-Lw_BAS]O_jNQkÙi°z~{dV}U1V}iZ[1P [;_jVaiTV}kE>¦…†@

qZ{dVÐz~{dN-_jz}VàN/¨iTU1NHN^]T{dkyVi°i*]TV}LOU_ai_ak ]T{dV)S-[\NhRVU1V}kQ]O_jNQkdV}x zS^iTVÐUÐS-xdV[1P

z}NQkRhQV}kH_jV}kdz}V^e´S^kdxkyN^][1P4S^k1PD`¥b­S^kQ]O_ ]~S2]O_ hRVS-LOPRbyUÃV}kQ]~S]O_jNQk­twk4LONQ[dbdiO]*iO]~S]O_aiO]O_jz}i

UfS-k P±N-]T{dV}LfiT{‰S-v\VifNiTU1NHN^]T{ykdV}iTi1]TV}LOUÃiÐ{‰S^iÐ[¶V}V}k!_akR]TLONHxybdz}VxTpP!]TLTS-xH_ ]O_jNQk

S aVS^iO]iT`cb‰S-LOVV}iO]O_jUfS]O_jNQk {­S^i[¶V}V}k bdiTV}xq/NDUfS,^V]T{¥_jiLONR[ybdiO]eMNQbH]R _jV}LOi{‰S}hRV

]TND[\VfxdVg]TVzg]TV}xÏS-kdx kdN^]5Vg_aPR{yVx S^i$Ubdz|{ S-i]T{dVfPQNHNHxx‰S]~S` -iTbdLwhQV2P N/U1VQ

]T{dNHxyi*S^vdv_aV}x)]TNàz}NRU1vdbH]TV}L¨hc_jiI_jNQkD_jiP-_ hRV}k[1P

H

V}V}LrV] -G >ª…@IH:S-z~{Nl]T{dV}iTV

U1Vg]T{dNHxdi*xyVv\V}kdxdi*NQk SàkcbdU[\V}LN v­S^LTS-U1V]TV}LOi58{H_az~{4{­S}hRV1]TNÜ[¶V1V}iO]O_aUfS2]TV}x4_ak

S-xHh^S-kdz}V1Y-zg]Tb‰S43PRey_aUÃvPc_akdPÙS1U1NHxdVJ:ÔiTbdz|{S^i;]T{dV65VS,iO]TLw_akdPA_aiSN_aU_]~S]O_jNQk

²LONQU S^kD_ak_‰kH_ ]TVfkcbdU[\V}L*N v­S^LTS-U1V]TV}LOiX:FS;²bdkdzg]O_aNRk4NQkD]T{dV1LOVSKSH_ai2A ]TNDS#²V$5

_

(8)

!'")& !/$W&!)&)(`(!/$ "!$# !%&'&$ !' )('( )$"()&)(

„

v‰S-LTS-UÃVg]TV}LOiqVz|{dkH_a`cbdV}iiTbyz~{ S^izLONQiTiRQÔh^SK _ax‰S2]O_aNQk {‰S-i[\V}Vk bdiTV}x ]TNxdVg]TV}LOU_akdV

]T{dV}iTV8²V$5 v‰S-LTS^U1Vg]TV}LOie 5¨{dV}k±]T{dVQiT{‰S-v\V N/$]T{dViTU1NHN^]T{ykdV}iTi1]TV}LOU {‰S-i[¶V}V}k

z|{dNRi°Vk >ւQƒ@

- 5;_jxdVLTS^kyPRVN/S^x­S^vH]O_ hRVV}iO]O_jUfS]O_jNQkDU1V]T{yNHxdir{‰S}hRV[\VV}kDxdVghRVaNRv\V}xÜ_jkD]T{dV

_‰VaxN/:iRPHiO]TV}U0_axdV}kQ]O__­zS]O_aNRk >¦…W4@ ¶qZ{dV}iTVU1V]T{yNHxdiS^LOV1S^[jV$]TN#_‰kdxv‰S-LTS-UÃVg]TV}LOi

NSDiRPHiO]TV}UÙeM[db¥]ÐS-LOVÙxdV}v\V}kdxdV}kQ]ÃNQkÏv­S2_aLOi1N/;_jkdvybH]ÐS-kdx NQbH]TvdbH]1N/;]T{dVÙi PyiI]TVU

5¨{H_jz|{f_ail]TN[¶V;_axdV}kR]O_3_‰V}xRtIkÐPRV}kdV}LTS4Fe5VrS-LOV8kdN-]P^_ hRV}k1_ak²NQLOUÐS]O_aNRk1NÝ]T{yVZ_akdvdbH]e

5¨{ P±iI]~S^kdx­S^LOx±i PyiI]TVU _axdV}kQ]O__­zS]O_aNRk!]TV}z|{dkH_a`¥byViàzS^kdkyN^][\VbdiTV}xltIk ]TV}LOUÃiàN/

aVS^LOkH_akdPde 5VQ5Z_3¸]TLP]TN1[dbH_3ax)SiRPHiO]TV}UÙe 5¨{H_az~{ÙP-_ hRV}k]T{dVU1VS-iTbdLOV}U1VkQ]rS^LOVS-[jV

]TNÜ]TVbdi]T{dVf_akdvdbH]ÝtwkÏPQV}kdV}LTSK 5VfzS^kdkyN^]^²V}V}xd[‰S-z),Ü]TNSOaVS^LOk¥_jkdPDiRPHiO]TV}U ]T{dV

S-kdiJ5V}L58{dVg]T{dV}L¨]T{dVvyLOVx¥_jzg]O_aNRk 5ZS-i8z}NQLOLOV}z]NQL8kyN^]\q;{H_aiU1VS-kdiZ]T{­S2]Q5VS-LOV*_ak

]T{dV$zS-iTVrN9bdkdiTbdv\V}Lwhc_jiTV}x9jVS-LOkH_akdP]¥twk [¨V}bdLTS4<[¨Vg]T5NRLJ,ci8Sz¬S^iTi N//bykdiTbdv\V}Lwh¥_aiTV}x

aVS^LOkH_akdPrU1Vg]T{dNHxdi/V'¥_aiO]Ti >¦…‚@2q;{dVPxdNde{dN5VghRV}Le-xdV}v\VkyxNQk

!J"V$W&)(/$W&

_ak²NRLOUfS]O_jNQk

::,ckdN5\jV}xdPQV¨N/¸]T{dVriTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTiM]TV}LOU9AC­orkdV¨V'­S^U1vaVZ_ai]T{dVrpN] A}UfS-kdk

H

S^z|{H_akdV^e

5¨{H_jz|{ aVS-xdi¨]TN]T{yV7²NQLOUb¬S]O_jNQkNRk

H

S-LJ,^NhY¨S^kdxyNRU K@_aV2axdie 58{¥_jz|{D_jir_axdV}kQ]O_jzS4

]TNfNQbdLZS-vdvdLONcS^z|{Ýe 58{dV}kà]T{dV*iTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi]TV}LOUã_ji,¥kyN58k

qZ{dVrLOV}z}NRkyiO]TLObdzg]O_jNQkÙxyVv\V}kdxdi;iO]TLONRkyP/3PfNRkÐ]T{dViTU1NHN^]T{ykdV}iTi:]TV}LOU .-rzg]Tb‰S43PReH_ak

UfS]T{dV}UÐS]O_azS4Ri°VkyiTV^e

Ž9æ*ŒêÝêyŽ9æcŒ}ŒŽæc/ ‘´ëَ9æ$ë/‘Hޑސæc/ ‘dæ*æ ´‘ bbaç

5ꭏŽ‘\Žcé\玴æ*Œ4ê¸êdŽ´æcŒŒ;Žæc/ Œ´êV b¬ëɋ:æ ’‰æcë‰æcçà’R‘dæbbaç

twkákdVg_]T{dV}LÜN/]T{dVÏS-[\NhRV4U1V}kQ]O_jNQkdV}x=5NRLJ,cie ]T{yV iTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi]TV}LOU {‰S}hRV [¶V}V}k

V}iO]~S-[ _jiT{yVx ²LONRUáU1NRLOV:V'­S^zg]lS-iTiTbyUÃv¥]O_jNQkdi¸]T{‰S-k°qZ{dV:xdV}Lw_ h^S2]O_ hRV}iMN/c]T{dViTNabH]O_jNQkdi

S-LOVDVyv\V}z]TV}x!]TN [\VÉi°UÐS43FelVyz}V}vH]_ak±iTNQU1V)xH_aiTz}NQkR]O_akcbH_ ] P v\N-_jkQ]Ti Mtwk PQV}kdV}LTSKÛe

]T{dVfi°UÃNHN-]T{dkdV}iTir]TV}LOU iT{yNRbax4LOVU‰V}zg]*]T{dV ,ckdN5\jV}xdPQV1N/]T{yVfiTz}VkyV :ÔV}P ¸_ak4]TV}LOU1i

NliO]~S]O_aiO]O_jz}i¨N/iTbdLÛS-zV$kdNRLOUfS4ji}e­zbyLwh^S2]TbdLOV}irVg]Tz/ATe¸S-kdxÜN/]T{dV*hc_aV$5Z_akdPfPRV}NQU1V]TLP

:Ô{dN75!]T{dVZiO]~S]O_aiO]O_jz}i:S^LOV ]TLTS^kyiR²NRLOU1V}x_jkQ]TN]T{dV;LOV}zNQkdiO]TLObyz]O_aNQkÃxyNRUfS_jkVAC^qZ{dVi°zV}kdV

_ak²NQLOUÐS]O_aNRk zNQbax4[\V1]T{‰S2]iTNQUÃV1iTbyLÛS^z}V1NRLw_aV}kQ]~S2]O_aNRkyiS-LOVÃU1NQLOVfvdLONQ[‰S^[jV1]T{‰S-k

N-]T{dV}LOie\S-i_ak

1(!

HtF]8U_aPR{Q]¨VhQV}kÉ[\Vr]T{‰S]8kdN1iTbyLÛS^z}VNQLw_jV}kQ]~S2]O_aNQkdiS-LOVU1NRLOV

vdLONQ[‰S-[aV1]T{‰S^k N^]T{yVLOi}e5¨{H_jz|{6aVS^xdi$]TN)x¥_jiTz}NQkQ]O_jkcbdNQbdiLOV}PQb¬S^Lw_CAS2]O_aNRk >ւy…'@Ûe58{dV}k

]T{dVh¥_aV$5Z_akdPfPQVNQU1Vg]TLPf_ji¨bH]O_3_CA}VxT

qZ{dV ]TV}z~{dk¥_j`cbdV}iN

H

-K<QÁV}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNRk S-kdx

H

D^+>zS^ká[\VÏbdi°Vxá]TN _‰kdx ]T{dV

iTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi]TV}LOU ²LONQU0SiO]~S2]O_aiO]O_azrUÃNHxyV2@N@]T{dV5NQLjx >փ@Fe >ӂd…@

H

-K S-kdx

H

D^+

]TV}z~{ykH_j`cbdV}i:LOV}iTb ]Ti/_ak]T{dVi~S-U1VV}`¥b­S2]O_aNRkyiaV]O]O_akdPr]T{dV;z~{dN-_azVN‰]TV}z|{dkH_a`¥byV]TN[\VN/

z}NQkRhQV}kH_jV}kdz}VS-kdx1]~S^iI]TV1ÏV¨{‰S}hQVz|{dNQiTV}k1]TNbdiTV;]T{dVG²NQLOUb¬S2]O_aNQk²LONRU

H

-K V}iO]O_3Q

UfS]O_jNQkÝe5¨{H_jz|{1_ji:]T{yV]TNQvH_jz¨NucV}zg]O_aNRkf‚-tIk1]T{¥_jiv‰S-v\VLe2]T{dV8NQ[diTV}LwhQVLM_ak1U_akdx1_aiS

z}NQkdiTV}z}bH]O_hQVPÙPQLTS-[d[H_akdPiI]TVLOV}N1LOV}z}NRkdiI]TLObdzg]TNRLey[dbH];]T{dV]TV}z~{ykH_j`cbdV$zS-kÙ[\V*S-vdv _jV}x

_`_ <ab"c7de

(9)

! & F

_akÉS-k1P)iRPHiO]TV}U 5NQLJ,Q_jkyPfNhRV}L]O_aU1V/­q/NfzSKaz}b¬S2]TVr]T{dV$iTU1NHN^]T{dkyVi°i]TV}LOU ²NQL8SiO]TVQ

LOV}NLOV}z}NRkdiI]TLObdzg]O_jNQki PyiI]TVU :ÔbdiO_akdP

H

-$KÉNRL

H

D^+Ã]TV}z~{dkH_a`cbdV}i2ATeQNQkdVkdV}V}xdi]TN,¥kyN5

]T{dViO]~S]O_jiO]O_az}iZN9]T{dViTz}VkyV*S^kdxà]T{dV$h¥_aV$5Z_akdPfPQVNQU1Vg]TLP­pVa{cbdU1VbyLX>ӃK@@_ai¨bdiO_akdPfS

v\N/3PHPRNQk‰S4/iTz}V}kdVUÃNHxyV2]TN_ak²V}L¨]T{dV

!X"%$'&)($'&

_ak²NQLOUfS2]O_aNRk¸e¸[dbH]_aikdN-]bdiO_akdP]T{dV

hc_aV 5;_jkyP*PRV}NQU1V]TLP [;_aVjiTV}k8>ӂd…W@d_ji:bdiI_jkdPr]T{yVZhc_aV 5;_jkyP*PRV}NQU1V]TLPReQ[ybH] S4aiTN*SiO_aU1vjV

U1NHxdV:N/_aiTN-]TLONRv1PNiTbdLÛS-zV1kdNQLOUfSKai_ak4]T{dVfi°zV}kdV/ucbd[HmOV}zg]TV}x4]TNDN^]T{yVLz}NQkdxH_3Q

]O_aNRkyie\]T{dV}iTViRPHiO]TV}U 5NQbax ÛS2_3 ê 4‘ ­æ ‘ 2æV b¬‘d ‘HŽ ê Œ}’´æ4æ:é ’

é b béꉏ42ꉋ,9ŒgŽbaç´ë/æc H‘dç

DŽ|ç 5æcŒê 5Œ}’Qæ 9æcŒ*‘´ë Fꉏ‘ ꭋ/Œ}æc‰æc

ê ´êcéÏꭏ /‘dŽbaç ´êcé ­æ¥ê%4æQŽç´Ž ´æ2æV b¬‘d ‘HŽ ê Œ’ 9æ4æ

´ŒŽf‹:æD‘d‹ b¬æÜŽê ‘dë/‘ ´ŽŽê Ž9æÜ’´22æ \ŽÃŒgŽ‘HŽ ŒgŽ ’RŒàê;Ž ´æDŒ’Qæ 9æ

t ¨]T{dVàiTbdLÛS-zVÐLOVz}NQkdiO]TLObdzg]O_aNRk _aiv\V}L²NRLOU1V}x z}NRkdi°Vz}bH]O_ hRV3P _ak UÐS-k1P²LTS-U1Vi}e

]T{dV

!^"V$W&)(/$W&

,ckdN5\jV}xdPQVr]TN1]T{dV¾]T{5²LTS-U1VU_aPQ{R]¨[¶VV'¥]TLTS-z]TV}x9²LONRU]T{yV*vdLOVghc_jNQbdi

²LTS-U1Vi$_jkyiO]TVS^x N/Z[\Vg_jkyPSÜPQV}kdV}LTSK:U1NHxdV ,ckdN758k _jk S^x¥h^S^kdz}V/ÝtIk ]T{H_ai65ZSSPRe´]T{dV

LOV}PQb¾S-Lw_CAS]O_aNRkfiTz|{dV}U1VU_aPR{Q]ZS-x‰S-vH]]TN*]T{dVz|{‰S-LTS^zg]TV}Lw_jiI]O_jz}iNÝ]T{yVi°zV}kdV/ypV}zS^bdi°V

]T{dViO]~S]O_jiI]O_jz}iS^LOVU1VS-iTbdLOV}xDxH_aLOV}z]R3PÜ_jkD]T{dVzS^U1V}LTSfz}NHNRLOx¥_jk‰S]TV*iRPHiO]TV}U :¾]T{dVzNQ

NQLOxH_ak‰S2]TV1iRPHiO]TV}U N]T{dVfLOV}zNQkdiO]TLObyz]O_aNQkVATe¸]T{yVfzS4 _j[dLTS]O_aNRkN]T{dV1zS^U1V}LTSÙi PyiI]TVU

_ai8kyN^]ZkyVV}xdV}x

pV²NRLOV*aNHN%,Q_akdP_akQ]TN)]T{yVÐS-x‰S-vH]O_ hRV1LOV}PRb¬S-Lw_BAS]O_jNQk :wucV}zg]O_jNQk ƒArS^kyx]T{dV1V'dv\VQ

Lw_aU1VkQ]~S4lLOV}iTb ]TiY:wucV}z]O_aNQkÉWATe 5V*kyVV}xÜ]TNv‰S2PÉS]O]TVkQ]O_aNRkÜ]TNpS2PRV}iO_¬S^kÜV}iO]O_jUfS]O_jNQk

]T{dV}NQLPReQ]TN*iTV}V;{dN5±]T{dV;iTz}V}kdVZiO]~S]O_aiO]O_jz}i:zS^k1[\V8byiTV}x]TN _‰kdx1]T{dV¨iTU1NHN^]T{ykdV}iTi/]TV}LOU

NlSLOV}PRb¬S-Lw_BAS]O_jNQkÙiTz|{dV}U1V1

*&là *&´ 

pS2PRV}iO_¬S^kV}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNQkf_ji;S*]TV}z~{ykH_j`cbdV$bdiO_akdP]T{yV$p SSPRV}iO_¬S^kÐLObjV}iJ²LONRUvdLONQ[‰S-[H_ _aiO]O_jz

]T{dV}NQLPÙ]TNfz}NQUÃvybH]TV*]T{dVV'dv\V}zg]~S2]O_aNRkàh^S4jbdVN/:S1z}NRiO]J²bdkdzg]O_jNQk {dV}kÙ]T{yVV'yv¶V}zQ

]~S]O_jNQkàh^SKabdV*N9]T{dV*z}NQiO]M²bdkyz]O_aNQk_ai8U_akH_jU_CA}VxDS-k)NQvH]O_aUÐS4@V}iO]O_jUfS]TVr_ji\²NQbdkdx

tIk4S-xHh^S-kdz}VNQkdV{‰S-i8]TNR,ckdN5 E - U1VS-iTbdLOV}U1VkQ]63 e\]T{yVvdLONQ[‰S-[H_3_aiO]O_azxdV}v\V}kQ

xdV}kdzPI:T319AMN/@]T{dVrU1VS^i°bdLOV}UÃV}kQ]NQkf]T{dVr]TLObdV¨h^S4jbdV61ÜedS-k

!Z"%$'&)($'&

xdV}kdiI_] PN/

]T{dVrLOVS4¶h^S4jbyVi :T15A:S-kdxÙS$z}NRiO]²bdkyz]O_aNQk4:T/4V)19ATeO5¨{H_jz|{f_ai]T{dVrz}NRiO]N@z~{dNHNQiO_akdP

/ 58{dV}k 1ˆ_aiZ]T{dV]TLObdVh^S4jbdV/\pS2PRV}i]T{dV}NQLOV}U Pc_jVaxdi

I:T13 A<;

:T315AI:T15A

:T3 A

:FƒA

_

(10)

!'")& !/$W&!)&)(`(!/$ "!$# !%&'&$ !' )('( )$"()&)(

5¨{dV}LOV I:T3 A _jiSfz}NQkdiO]~S-kR]eY58{dV}kÜ]T{dVU1VS-iTbdLOV}U1V}kQ] 3 _aiQ,¥kyN58k¶qZ{cbdiQ5VzS-k

v\V}LOzVg_ hRVI:T3 A@S-i9SZkdNQLOUfSK _CA_akdP¨z}NRkdiI]~S^kQ]I²NQbdkdx[1P_akQ]TVPQLTS]O_jNQk KdbdLw]T{dV}LOU1NQLOVQe 5V

zS-kxdV}kdN-]TV]T{yVZvdLw_aNRLM:¾]T{dV

! "%$'&)($'&

xH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRkVA[1P I:T1

\

A@_3¶_ ]M_ji:NQkPxdV}v¶V}kdxdV}kQ]

NQk1]T{dV¨xdV}Lw_h^S]O_hQVrN/¸]T{dV¨iTNjbH]O_aNQkQqZ{yV8U1VS^k1h^S4abdVN:T/ 3 A9N¶]T{yVz}NQiO],²bdkdzg]O_jNQk

5¨{dV}k 3 {‰S^i [¶V}V}k)U1VS-iTbdLOV}xÝe­zS^kà[¶VZ²NQbdkdxÜ[1P_akR]TV}PQLTS2]O_aNQk

N:T/ 3 A ; :T/ V"15A :T1 3 AO1 :ÔW`A

q;{dVNQvH]O_aUÐS4/pSSPQV}i8V}iO]O_aUfS2]TV*N<1 _aiZ]T{yV^/ 5¨{H_az~{DU_jkH_aU_BA}V}iX:T/ 3 AC%0¨N5á]TN

_‰kyx]T{dVrNQvH]O_jUfS4ÝV}iO]O_aUfS2]TV¨xdV}v\VkyxdiNQkf]T{dVriO]TLObdzg]TbdLOVN¸]T{dVrzNQiO]²bdkyz]O_aNQkÙS^kyxN/

]T{dV xdV}kdiO_ ] P^²bdkyz]O_aNQk1[¨N^]TV^e]T{‰S2] 5V_jkNHM`¥b­S2]O_aNRkWS^LOV:v\VL²NQLOU_jkyP$S-k*_akQ]TV}PRLTS]O_jNQk

NhQV}LSO²bykdzg]O_jNQk iTv­S^z}V/¸q;{dVf`cb‰S^kQ]O_ ] P 1 _ji_ak PQV}kdV}LTSKMkdN-]65V:xdV_‰kdV}xÝe´[dbH]S

xH_aiTz}LOVg]O_BAS]O_jNQkà_jkQ]TN 8 h^S-Lw_¾S-[aVi9 9zS-kÙUfS,^V]T{dV_jkQ]TV}PRLTS4?5V3QÁxyV2_­kdV}xE

O1 ::9)V 9 Z

VFV 9MA ; ::9 V 9 Z

VFV 9MA9%9

Z 9

[¨NQLOUÐS43PReQS-kdx_jk]T{H_ai:LOVv\NQLw]e-]T{dVM²bykdzg]O_jNQk 1_ai5z|{dNQiTV}k]TN*bykH_] P -twkfPRV}kdV}LTS4dN^]T{dV}L

²bdkyz]O_aNQkdiU_aPR{Q]1[¶VÐz~{dNQiTV}k {yVk z}NQkdz}VLOk¥_jkdPxyVv¥]T{ U1VS-iTbdLOV}ieS jNQPcS^Lw_ ]T{dU_jz

²bdkyz]O_aNQk U_jPQ{Q])[\VV'dv\V}xH_aVkQ]e;[\V}zS-bdiTVÜ_ ])z}NQLOLOVi°v¶NQkdxdif]TN!S z}NRkyiO]~S^kQ]LOV¬S2]O_ hRV

bdkyzV}Lw]~S-kQ] Pà_jkÜxdV}vH]T{L>ւ@

! #"%$'&(")+* $-,.!)+,/&0$-*21 3 $'4#"%57625 8 9:)+,/&;!<"%)-<"=>,@?

&("%5A$'&(

{dV}k]T{yV8z}NQiO]lNÝz|{dNHNQiO_jkyPr]T{dVZLOV}z}NRkyiO]TLObdzg]O_jNQk / 58{dV}k 1 _jiM]T{dV;zNQLOLOV}zg] i°N/abH]O_aNRk

zS-kÉ[\VV'yvdLOV}iTiTV}xS-i$SX²bdkdzg]O_jNQk

xyVh

N/]T{dVx¥_CB¸V}LOVkyzVN/]/S^kyx 1 HM`cb‰S]O_jNQkDW

Pc_aV2axdi7E

X:T/ 3 A ;D

xyVh

:T/ 15AX:T1 3 AO1L;

xyVh

:T/7AFE X:T/ 3 A :F„A

twk ]T{dVÙi°v¶V}zg_¾S4zS^i°V 58{dV}LOVÜSK3]58LONQkdP4xdV}zg_aiO_jNQkdiS^LOVàV`cb‰S43P [‰S^x¸e:S^kyx NQk3P ]T{dV

V'­S^zg]R3P z}NRLOLOV}zg]R3PÏV}iO]O_aUÐS]TV}xÏv­S^LTS-U1V]TV}L4/ˆ_aiz}NRkyiO_jxyVLOV}x Lw_jPQ{Q]eMSDz}NRiO]?²bdkdzg]O_jNQk

zS-kÙ[\V*z}NRkdiI]TLObdzg]TVxDS-i7E

xdVgh

:T/ 19A<; #G :T/ 15A

_`_ <ab"c7de

(11)

! & F

5¨{dV}LOV=Gà_ai]T{yV D¨_aLTS^zàxdV]~S8²bykdzg]O_jNQktF]P¥_aVjxyiSDzNQkdiO]~S-kQ]ÃvybdkH_aiT{dU1V}kR]²NQLÃS43

5¨LONRkdPV}iO]O_jUfS]O_jNQkdiS-kdxSiO_aPRk¥__‰zS-kQ]RPNjN75VLvybdkH_aiT{dU1V}kR]²NQL:S*z}NRLOLOV}zg]V}iO]O_jUfS]TV/

tF]8_aiZVS-iO_3PiTV}V}k]T{­S2]

X:T/ 3 A ; #G :T/ 15AFE X:T/ 3 A ; X:T/ 3 A

S-kdxà]T{‰S2];]T{dV^/ U_akH_aU_CAg_jkyPOHl`cb‰S]O_aNRkÜW_ji;]T{dV*NQkdVUfS4¥_aU_BAg_akdP]T{dV

!Y" (

:S$'&)($'&

vdLONQ[‰S-[H_3_ ] P E

S^LOP1iTbdv X:T/ 3 A

twk)N-]T{dV}L]5NQLOxdi7EyqZ{yV

H

S4¥_aUbdUL- K´NRiI]TVLw_aNQLw_:

H

-KA:V}iO]O_aUfS2]TVr_ai]T{dV$NRkdVQ5¨{H_az~{

UfSH_aU_BA}V}i9]T{yVvdLONR[­S^[H_3 _] P*N/­zNQLOLOV}zg]/xdV}zg_jiO_aNQkÝe[ybH]/vdbdk¥_jiT{yViMSZkyVS-L9U_aiTi/S-i9Ubdz|{

S-i8VghQVLPN-]T{dV}L8U_aiTi­q;{dV

H

-K!V}iO]O_aUfS2]TV$_jirN¬]TV}kÉbyiTV}x)_akDLOV}PRb¬S-Lw_BAS]O_jNQkPKdNQLrS

xH_aiTz}bdiTiI_jNQkÙN9]T{dV_aU1v _jzS]O_jNQkdiZN/xH_B¸VLOV}kQ]rzNQiO]M²bykdzg]O_jNQkdiZi°VVY[;_aVjiTV}k >ւy…'@

$+>,"%$-* <+6%$'<" !$'&(")+*

Y;V}PRb¬S-Lw_BAS]O_jNQkzS^k4[\V*²NRLOUb¾S]TV}xÏS-i*pSSPQViI_¾S-kV}iO]O_jUfS]O_jNQk¶t ]T{dV1kdN^_aiTVU1NHxdV

S-kdx ]T{dV

!#"%$'&)($'&

xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQk N/]T{yVxdV}Lw_h^S]O_ hRV)S-LOV1_akdxdV}v¶V}kdxyVkQ]1N/ ]T{dVf_aUÐS-PQV

v\NRiI_]O_aNRk S^kyxÏS-LOVfUbH]Tb‰S43P4_akdxdV}v\V}kdxdV}kQ]_akÏS4:_aUfS^PQVfv¶NQiO_ ]O_jNQkdi5V_­kdx :ÔbyiO_jkyP

ƒAC

I:T13 A ; …

I:T3 1 A :T1

\ A

; …

"!$#

%&' (!

: A

5¨{dV}LOViTbyv¶V}LOiTz}Lw_avH]xdV}kdN^]TV}ir]T{dVxH_aiTz}LOVg]TVv\NRiI_]O_aNRk29 ; ;S^kdx) _ai$SÐkdNQLOUÐS4 _BAg_akdP

z}NQkdiO]~S-kR]VHl`cb‰S]O_aNRk 1_airNRkPÜh^SK _axD_:]T{dVUÃVS-iTbdLOV}U1V}kR]*S-LOVNQk3PÉxdV}v\V}kdxdV}kQ]$NQk

]T{dVx­S2]~S?jNHzS43P cq;{dV*S^i°iTbdU1vH]O_aNRkN@UbH]Tb­SK3PÐ_jkdxyVv\V}kdxdV}kdz}VS^kyx_akdxdV}v¶V}kdxyVkyzV

N9]T{dV_aUfS^PQVv\NRiO_ ]O_aNRk 5N9]T{dV$vdLw_jNQL

I:T1

\ A ; I:T1

\ A

5;_3_jk ]T{dV ²N/3jN75Z_akdP [¶V4zS4 aV}x±]T{dV S^i°iTbdU1vH]O_aNRkíN/iO]~S2]O_aNQk‰S^Lw_ ] P N/$]T{dV vdLw_aNQL2

V*kdN5 _‰kyx)]T{yVpSSPQV}iO_¾S-kÜViI]O_jUfS]TVbdiO_akdP1]T{dV

H

-K±z}NRiI] ²bdkdzg]O_aNRk6:¾_3l]T{dVx‰S]~S

xdV}v\V}kdxdV}kdzPÙS^kyxf]T{dV

!Z"%$'&)($'&

x¥_jiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNQkÙN@]T{dVxdV}Lw_h^S]O_ hRV_aiP-_hQVk%AS^i5]T{dVrNRkdV

U_akH_jU_CAg_jkdP1]T{yV*V'dv\NQkdV}kR]¨N/,Hl`cb‰S]O_aNRk `

_

(12)

!'")& !/$W&!)&)(`(!/$ "!$# !%&'&$ !' )('( )$"()&)(

†

{dV}kÐ]T{dVkdN-_jiTV¨_aiZbdkyzNQLOLOV¾S]TV}x S-bdiTiI_¾S-kkdN-_ji°V$S-kdx{­S^i ]T{dVi~S-UÃVriO]~S-kdx‰S-LOx

xdVghc_¬S2]O_aNRkà_jkàVS-z~{Ðv¶N-_jkQ]?:¾_aV/yiO]~S2]O_aNQk‰S^Lw_ ] PN/¸]T{dVx‰S]~S$]TVLOUOATey]T{dVU1VS-iTbdLOV}U1VkQ]

xdV}v\V}kdxdV}kdxdzPÙNQkÙ]T{yV*LOVSK@x‰S]~S 5Z_39[\VE

I:T319AU;

…

: A

q;{H_ji¨iO]~S]O_jNQk‰S-LPx‰S]~SxyVv\V}kdxdV}kdzPD5;_39[¶V$bdiTV}x_akÙ]T{yV^²N/3aN5Z_akdP

4r

Y;V}PRb¬S-Lw_BAS]O_jNQkzS^kÐ[¶Vrv\VL²NQLOU1V}x)S-i

H

-KÏV}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNQkÙbdiO_akdP]T{dVxH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRkÜN/

HM`cb‰S]O_jNQk 25¨{dV}LOVf]T{dVx­S2]~SÜxdV}v\VkyxdV}kdzP _ai`cb‰S-xdLTS2]O_azf_ak ]T{dVV'yv¶NQkdV}kQ]xdbdVÃ]TN

S-bdiTiI_¾S-k)x¥_jiO]TLw_a[dbH]TV}x4kyN^_aiTVS-i¨_jk HM`cb‰S2]O_aNQk V*kdV}V}xNRkPà]TNV}iO]~S^[_aiT{Ü]T{dV

!

"%$'&)($'&

xH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRkN/:]T{dVxdV}Lw_h^S]O_ hRVS-kdxD]T{dVfS^U1NQbdkQ]N/:kdN-_jiTV_akD]T{dV1UÃVS-iTbdLOVQ

U1V}kQ]Ti\twkDViI]O_jUfS]O_jNQkÜ]T{dV}NRLPRe­]TV}z~{ykH_j`cbdV}iG²NQL8{‰S-kdx _akdPiO_ ]Tb‰S]O_jNQkdi¨N/Mbdk,ckdN5¨k

!

"%$'&)($'&

xH_aiO]TLw_j[ybH]O_jNQkÜ{‰S^i;[¶V}V}kÜxdVghRVjNQv\VxE

*#*2) *<"%) <

twk1]T{dVM²N3jN5;_jkyP5V5;_3¶S-iTiTbdU1V^e]T{‰S]5]T{yV

!G"V$W&)(/$W&

xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQk1_ji:iO]~S]O_aNRk‰S-LP9:5V

{‰ShRV1]T{dVfi~S-U1V1xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQkÏN]T{dVfxdV}Lw_ h^S2]O_ hRVàS2]S-k1P4v¶NQiO_ ]O_jNQk4NQk]T{dVfiTbdLÛS-z}VKAC

q;{H_ji1_aifkdN-]SK5ZSSPHifS^k!NQ[Qh¥_aNQbdiS^i°iTbdU1vH]O_aNRk9tIk±UfS-k1P S-vdv _jzS]O_jNQkdie`5VÉU_aPR{Q]

V'yv¶V}zg]:]TNZ_‰kdx1]T{dV;PRLONQbdkdx1v¬S-kdV_ak]T{dV aN5V}LMv‰S^Lw]:N¶]T{dV _jUfS-PRV^e5¨{H_3jV ]T{dV8byvdv¶V}L

v‰S-Lw])U_aPR{Q]Ù[\V4V'yv¶V}zg]TV}x U1NQLOV4NRL jV}iTifhQV}Lw]O_jzS4 KyNRLf]T{yV4vdbdLOv\NRi°VN/iI]TbdxPc_jkyP

S-x‰S-vH]O_hQVÙLOV}PQb¾S-Lw_CAS]O_aNRkÝe5V 5;_3ZUfS,^Vf]T{dVàiO]~S]O_jNQk‰S-Lw_] PQIS-iTiTbdU1vH]O_aNRkT@twkL²bH]TbdLOV

iO]TbyxH_jV}iey]T{yV*kdNQkQÁiO]~S]O_aNRk‰S-Lw_ ] PU_aPR{Q]8[\V]~S,^V}kà_jkQ]TNS-zz}NQbdkQ]

tIkV}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNQkD]TVz|{dkH_a`cbdV}i*SiTNzS4aV}x

H t [;t

H

-V}iO]O_aUÐS]O_aNRkÜ_aivdLONRv\NQiTV}x)_ak

]T{dV zS^iTVNbdk.,¥kyN58k

! "%$'&)($'&

xH_aiO]TLw_j[ybH]O_jNQk >ª… @¨q;{dV

H

tR[Zt

H

-V}iO]O_jUfS]O_jNQk

z}NQLOLOVi°v¶NQkdx!]TN _‰kdxH_akdP ]T{dV

W!

< !K(/$R!O&F6!8"%$'&)($'&

xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQk;qZ{¥_jif_aU1v _jV}i

]T{‰S]5V_‰kdxÉ]T{dV1iTN/abH]O_aNRk S^i*Sài~S-xdxaVv\N^_akQ]_jk]T{dV1iTNjbH]O_aNQkiTv‰S-zV1iTv­S^kdkyVx[1P

S4¨v¶NQiTiO_a[aVÙiTNabH]O_jNQkdiS-kdx±S4¨v¶NQiTiO_a[aV

!9"V$W&)(/$W&

xH_aiO]TLw_j[ybH]O_jNQkdilqZ{H_aif_aifxdV_‰kdV}x

S-i7E\t /¨_air]T{dV

H t [;t

H

- V}iO]O_aUÐS]TVfS^kyx 2:T/*A_air]T{dVNaVS-iO]ZÛS}hQNRLTS-[aV

!N"%$'&)($'&

xH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRk25V{‰ShRV

I:T/7A

/ E X:T/

I:T/7ARADX:T/

:T/7ARA DX:T/

:T/*ARA

_`_ <ab"c7de

(13)

! & F

5¨{dV}LOV á_ai]T{dV$UÃVS-kÙv\V}k‰SK ] P#²LONRU HM`cb‰S]O_jNQkÙW k²NRLw]Tbyk‰S2]TV3PReH]T{yV

H t [;t

H

-

V}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNRk xdNHV}ikdN-]UfS,-VS^k1P4iTV}kdiTV_ak]T{dVfzS-iTV1N/ZS

H

-Káv¶V}k‰S4] P ²bdkdzg]O_aNRkT

{dV}k S43ZU_jiTi°VifS-LOVÙV}`cb‰S43P vybdkH_aiT{dV}xÝe 5VÜzS^k VS^iO_33P_‰kdx±S Pc_jVaxH_jkyP S{H_3Q

PQ{dV}L1Vyv\V}z]TV}x!v\V}k‰SK ] P _3Q5VmObyiO] AV}LONQÁNQbH]]T{dVDz~{dNQiTV}kI/%_ak!]T{dVÜxH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRk

-G¬]TV}L 5ZS^LOxyiS^kV}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNQk8P¥_aVjx¥_jkdPÜS#aN5V}LV'dv\V}zg]TVxv¶V}k‰S4] PzS^k[\V7²NQbdkdx[1P

z|{‰S^kyP^_akdP;]T{dVV}iO]O_jUfS]O_jNQk*_akQ]TNSZiTNabH]O_jNQkkyN^]9{‰Sh¥_akdPQA}V}LONvyLONR[‰S-[H_3_ ] Pq;{H_jiU1VS-kdi

]T{‰S]]T{dV1i~S-xdxaVv\N^_akQ]*xdNHV}irkdN^]*V'¥_aiO] :¾_jkD]T{yV_akQ]TV}Lw_jNQLN/:]T{dV1iTNabH]O_jNQkiTv‰S-z}VKA_ak

zS-iTVN/

H

-$K V}iO]O_aUfS2]O_aNQk

t ]5V_akdiO]TVS-x _‰kdx]T{dV

!"V$W&)(/$W&

xH_aiO]TLw_j[ybH]O_jNQkÏS-i]T{dV

M ( !K($ !O&F

e¶]T{dVfNQvQ

]O_aUbdU V'¥_jiI]Ti:pP iTNhc_akdP]T{dV8HMbjV}LQ+9S^PQLTS-kdPRVÐV`cb‰S]O_aNRk!bdiI_jkdP +9S^PQLTS-kdPRVÐUb3Q

]O_av _jV}LOià]TN!zNQkdxH_ ]O_aNRk ]T{dV4vdLONQ[‰S-[H_ _ ] P xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQk ]TN!{­S}hRV_akQ]TV}PRLTS41… S^kdxí[¶V

v\NRiI_]O_ hRV^e 5V7_‰kyx]T{‰S]]T{yVÃU1NQiO]ZÛS}hRNQLTS-[jVxH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRk_air]T{dV1z}bdLOLOV}kQ]*xH_jiI]TLw_j[dbQ

]O_aNRk N//X:q;{H_aifUÃVS-kdi1]T{‰S]f]T{dVà_jkQ]TbH_ ]O_hQVP bykdxdV}LOiO]~S-kdx‰S-[jVDS-iTiTbdU1vH]O_aNRk ]T{­S2]

]T{dV

!O"%$'&)($'&

xH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRk!i°{dNRbjx [\V_axdV}kR]O_azSK;]TN]T{dV

!5" ( :S$'&)($'&

xH_jiI]TLw_j[db¥]O_jNQk

z}NQLOLOVi°v¶NQkdxdi ]TNX_­kdxH_akdP1]T{dV*U1NQiO]MÛS}hQNRLTS-[aV*xH_aiO]TLw_j[ybH]O_jNQk

qZ{dVÜz}Lw_]TV}Lw_aNRk N/¨]T{dVDvdLONHz}V}iTi]TN [\V)iO]~S]O_aNRk‰S-LP :¾_axdV}kQ]O_jzS48_ak S4 _jUfS-PRVÜv¶NQ

iO_ ]O_aNRkdiAr_aihQVLP _jU1v\NRLw]~S-kQ]ÃS]]T{H_aiv¶N-_jkQ]´t 5V jVg]]T{yVxH_aiO]TLw_j[ybH]O_jNQk h^S^LP ²LONRU

v\N^_akQ]*]TNÜv¶N-_jkQ]eÝ]T{dV1xH_aiO]TLw_a[dbH]O_aNRk _jiS^[aV]TNÉS-x‰S-vH]]TN-]~SK3PD]TNÜ]T{dV1x‰S]~Sye´S-kdx4]T{dV

iTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi;]TV}LOU 5NQbax)_akvdLTS-zg]O_jz}Vx¥_ji~S-vdv\VS^L2\q;{dVLOV}z}NQkdiO]TLObdzg]O_aNRk 5;_3/[\V]T{dV

x‰S]~SHe\S^kdxÐ]T{dV*LOV}iTb ]O_akdPfvdLw_aNRL 5Z_39[\V]T{dV*NQkdV*{­S}hc_jkdP]T{dVx‰S]~S^5;_]T{ÜvdLONQ[‰S-[H_ _ ] P

…/:q;{dV)U1Vg]T{dNHx!NU1NQiO]ÛS}hRNQLTS-[jVÜvdLw_aNRL1kdV}V}xdiS-k±S^i°iTbdU1vH]O_aNRk NiTU1NHN-]T{dkdV}iTi

_ak]T{dVfiO]~S]O_aiO]O_jz}ir_ak4NQLOxdV}L]TNÙ[\V1kdNRkQÛ]TLw_ h¥_¬S4 ÝqZ{dV1iO_ ]Tb‰S]O_jNQk 5¨{H_jz|{4_aiz}NRkdiI_jxdV}LOV}x

_akÜ]T{H_ji¨v‰S-v¶V}L _ji¨z}NRkdiI]~S^kQ]8vyLw_jNQL?:ÔiO]~S]O_aNRk‰S-Lw_ ] PDS^iTi°bdU1vH]O_jNQkVACÏV$zNQbaxÉS4aiTN1UÐS,^V

]T{dVrS-[diO]TLTS-z]O_aNQkfN/¸xdV}UfS^kdx¥_jkdPSiTU1NHN-]T{Ph^S-LP¥_akdPvdLw_jNQL2¥qZ{H_ai 5Z_3¸S^iTi°VU[aVZ]T{dV

iTz|{dV}U1V8N

H

S-LOLONH`cbH_ak >¦…„@Y5¨{dV}LOVZ]T{yV8LOV}z}NRkyiO]TLObdzg]O_jNQk_]Ti°V23¸_jiSi°UÃNHN-]T{3Ph^S-LPc_jkdP

vdLONQ[‰S-[H_3_ ] PÜxH_aiO]TLw_j[ybH]O_jNQk

# 62>* &;"%$ <>.!)+*2, &<6.F&("%)+*

{dV}k S^kNR[di°VLwhQV}Lr_jiNQ[diTV}Lwhc_jkyP)NhQV}Lr]O_jU1VS-kdN^]T{yVLrxdV}PQLOV}VÃN²LOV}VxyNRU _ai_jkQ]TLONQ

xdbyzV}x - U1NQLOV*iO]~S-[aVLOVz}NQkdiO]TLObdzg]O_aNRkÜzS^kà[¶VUfS-xdV_39]T{dV*i°N/abH]O_aNRkÐ_ji;_jkQ]TV}PQLTS2]TV}x

NhQV}L]O_aUÃV#>¦… @HtwkÜVS-L _jV}L]5NQLJ,‰eH]T{yV*S^iTi°bdU1vH]O_jNQkÝeR]T{‰S]Z]T{dViTz}V}kdV¨_aiZkdN-]Zz~{­S^kdP-_akdP

Ubdz~{àNhRV}L]O_aU1V{‰S^i [¶V}V}kÙV'yvaNRLOV}x :ÔV}P d[1PÙpV}LOPQV}kVg]-G >ւ@BAC¥twk]T{H_ai5NQLJ,‰e 5V

5;_3lkdN-]bdiTV$]T{dVÃS-iTiTbyUÃv¥]O_jNQkDN/M]T{dViTz}VkyVz~{­S^kdP-_akdPiRaN5 3P \qZ{yVLOV}z}NRkyiO]TLObdzg]O_jNQk

5;_3Ý[\V¨LOViI]~S^Lw]TV}x²LONQU iTz}LTS]Tz~{1_akVghRV}LP²LTS^U1V/0¨N5VghQVLe^]T{dVriTz}V}kdVZiO]~S]O_aiO]O_jzY:¾]T{dV

_

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to