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View of Gysbers, N. (Ed.). (1984). <i>Designing careers: Council to enhance education, work, and leisure.</i>

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CanadianJournal of Counselling/Revue Canadienne de Counseling/1986, Vol. 20:3 193

visées ne sont pas les mêmes. Par exemple, les thérapies à caractère symbolique regroupent à la fois la programmation neuro-linguistique et la psychanalyse, de la même manière que les thérapies dites corporelles coiffent l'acupuncture, la bioénergie et l'abandon corporel.

Une lecture suivie de ces vingt-six (26) formes de thérapie montre une grande diversité entre elles au niveau de l'implication qu'elles supposent chez les usagers et au niveau de l'intervention des thérapeutes qui les pratiquent. Il s'agit de points d'entrée différentes pour aborder la vie humaine dans des positions du plus au moins complexe.

Il s'agit donc d'un volume de présentation sommaire qui fait office de super-marché où les produits sont exposées et où l'on est invité à lire plus attentivement certaines composantes avant de choisire. On pourrait dire que c'est un volume nécessaire et extrêmement utile dans une ère de prolifération des méthodes thérapeutiques et dans un temps où l'angoisse est si grande que la recherche de solution devient impérieusement ressentie.

Les réflexions d'une ex-cliente et d'un thérapeute m'ont été peu utiles et ont peu retenu mon attention. Elles sortent du langage plus explicatif pour intro-duire dans le monde intérieur des deux personnes impliquées dans ce processus. Mais, est-ce qui est recherché dans un texte de ce genre? Est-ce vraiment éclai-rant pour quelqu'un qui cherche? J'en doute.

L'émergence d'un nouveau point de vue théorique évoque des distinctions à faire entre les théories, les modèles et les philosophies. L'auteur de ce chapitre suggère une manière de réfléchir sur la prolifération des méthodes thérapeu-tiques et la question du sens introduisant ainsi une dimension moins causale et linéaire dans la vie humaine. M ê m e si ce chapitre paraît plus abstrait et ardu, il donne au lecteur une occasion de s'arrêter sur la multiplicité des interventions possibles et de s'interroger à un niveau plus fondamental sur des interventions qui visent toutes une amélioration de la qualité de vie humaine, mais qui ne peuvent avoir la prétention de rejoindre toute la vie ni de la rejoindre d'une manière équivalente.

Ce volume, en définitive, arrive à point dans le monde des thérapies offertes sur le "marché." Il est surtout utile à quelqu'un qui veut prendre une informa-tion plus synthétique sur diverses formes de thérapies, qu'il soit professionel de la matière ou non.

Gysbers, N. (Ed.). (1984). Designing careers: Council to enhance education, work, and leisure. Washington: Jossey-Bass Publishers. 660 pages. Reviewed by: Ray Henjum, University of Manitoba

Designing Careers was published on the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of the National Vocational Guidance Association. It was planned by such career notables as Henry Borow, Edwin Herr, Carl McDaniels, Anita Mitchell, and Donald Super. This third decennial volume follows the 1964 book, Man in a World at Work, edited by Henry Borow, and the 1974 edition, Vocational Guidance and Human Development, edited by Edwin Herr.

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194 Canadian Journal of Counselling/Revue Canadienne de Counseling/1986, Vol. 20:3

career guidance, to summarize major developments in theory and practice during the preceding decade, and to indicate the probable directions of guidance in the upcoming decade. The book is divided into four parts, which have four, six, eight, and five specially-written articles, respectively. The writers represent the best researchers, theoreticians, and authors in the field, and each appears to have taken great care in defining, researching, and preparing the chapter. They suggest further readings on their topics.

Part one considers the meaning, nature, and structure of work in our society. The need to understand the work world and its relationship to education, train-ing, and employability is presented by Super, Goldstein, Herr, and Lotto. Discussion in part two centres on how career development theory and practice need to become integrated for the purpose of improving career guidance and counselling practice. What we know about career development of young people and adults and of men and women working in a variety of settings and living in differing circumstances is presented instructively by Jepsen, Borow, Stumpf, Sundal-Hansen, Crites, and Dawis.

Part three describes theory-based, innovative, and exemplary career devel-opment programs and practices that are systematically organized and going on in schools, postsecondary institutions, and the economic workplace. Kinnier, Krumboltz, Walz, Benjamin, Harris-Bowlsbey, Miles, Thomas, Berven, Miller, Johnson, Figler, and Knowdell describe techniques and procedures that are

practical, and they name the tools, resources, and programs that are available. The last part of the book contains predicted changes that likely will take place in society. The predictions, made on the basis of major trends that have emerged, are given by Striner, Sinick, McDaniels, Miller-Tiedeman, Tiedeman, and Gysbers.

While the topics discussed in this volume are important and weighty, the style of writing and reporting is easily familiar and readable. Chances are that the contents of this volume will be examined by most serious guidance persons, whether beginners or practicing professionals. The contents surely would be of value to counsellors of all persuasions and approaches. And, while the whole book is thought to be important reading, it would be beneficial to some readers to peruse just a few chapters that are of particular interest.

As the two previous decennial volumes have done, so will this excellent "beyond the state of the art" book provoke our thinking and lead us into the next decade of guidance. If we wish to be more fully conversant with current trends in career guidance, our examination of the contents of these 23 chapters would be an excellent source.

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