الصمام الثنائي وتطبيقاته

(1)

ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ

ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ :::: ::::

ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﺎﺘﺴﺃ

ﺫ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ

.

ﺇ ﺩﺍﺩﻋ ﻁﻝﺍ ﻠﺒ ﺔ :

ﺕﺤﺘ

ﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﻑ ﻷﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴ :

ﺭﻴﻤﺴ ﻱﺩﻭﻌﺴ • .

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻠﺴ

.

ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻋ • .

ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺘﻭﺒ

.

لﻼﻋ ﻥﺒ ﻲﻓﻭﻨﺸ • .

ﻨﺠﻝ

ــ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ :

ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ

: ﺩﻴﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺕﻴﺁ ...

. . ...

ﺎﺴﻴﺌﺭ .

: ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﺩﻬﻤ ...

...

..

ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤ .

: ﻲﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻠﺴ ...

. ﺎﻓﺭﺸﻤ .

: ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺘﻭﺒ ...

ﺎﻓﺭﺸﻤ .

ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ 2009:

2010/

و ا م ا

.

ا او ا ا ةرازو

ة! "# ا $"ر% ا

$ &% ا $ ا )

( ا)* ا (

Ministère de l'enseignement Supérieur et de la recherche Scientifique

ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE Vieux – kouba (ALGER)

(2)

ﺱﺭﻬﻔﻝﺍ :

ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ

:

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ...

...

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :

لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ .

I .1 ﺔﻴﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ...

...

. I لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ...

...

I .2.1 لﺯﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ...

...

I .3.1 لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ...

...

. ...

I .4.1 ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ ...

. ...

...

I .5.1 ﻱﺭﻭﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ...

...

I .6.1 لﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺸ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ...

. ....

...

I .7.1 ﻑﺎﺼﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻭﻘﺜﻝﺍ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ

...

..

....

...

I .8.1 ﺏﻭﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ...

..

...

I .9.1 ﺔﻨﺤﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﺤ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ...

...

I .10.1 ﻲﻤﺭﻴﻓ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ...

...

..

...

I .2 ﺔﻤﻌﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ...

. ...

...

I .1.2 ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ...N

...

..

...

I .2.2 ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ...P

...

..

...

I .3.2 ﺕﻼﻤﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜ ...

...

....

...

I .3 ﺕﻼﺼﻭﻝﺍ ...

...

I .1.3 ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ...

...

. ...

I .2.3 ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ

ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ...

...

. ...

(3)

ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :

ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻝﺍ

II

.1 ﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻲ

...

..

...

....

.

II

ﻫﺩﺼﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﻴﺇ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺎ

...

.

II

لﺎﺼﻴﺇ ﺀﺎﺒﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ

) ﻲﻤﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ (

...

ﺀﺎﺒﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺼ II )

ﻲﺴﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ (

...

..

ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺤﻨﻤﻝﺍ II ...

...

II .4 ﻡﻭﻴﻨﺎﻤﺭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﻠﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻭﻴﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ...

. ...

..

. II ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺍﻭﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ...

...

. ..

. II ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤ ...

...

ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺎﺘﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ II ...

..

ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ II ...

ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ II ...

. ....

...

ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ II ...

. ...

ﺔﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ II ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻠﻝ

...

. ...

ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﺴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ II ...

..

ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ II ...

.

ﻲﺴﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ II ...

ﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭـﻨﺃ II ﺩﻭ

...

ﻨﻴﺯ ﺩﻭﻴﺩ II ﺭ

...

ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﺩ II ...

...

..

ﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ II ﻲﻘ

...

. .

ﺌﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ II ﻲ

...

....

(4)

ﻲﺌﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﻌﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﺩ II )

L.E.D (

...

ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ :

ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ .

III .1 ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ...

III .1.1

ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﺃ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ...

III .2.1

ﺔﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ...

III .2 ﺢﻴﺸﺭﺘﻝﺍ ...

III .3 ﺭﻨﻴﺯ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ...

III .1.3

ﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ ...

III .2.3

ﺭﻨﻴﺯ ﺕﺒﺜﻤ ...

III .4 ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ :

ﻊﻁﻗ ﻊﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻝﺍ .

...

III .1.4

ﻊﻁﻗ ﻊﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ .

...

III .2.4

ﻲﺌﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﻌﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﺩ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ...

..

ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ ...

(5)

1

ﺔﻤﺩﻘــﻤ :

ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺩﻬﺸ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻌﻴﺭﺴ ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ

ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺍﺫ ﻪﻠﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﻋ ﺕﻠﻬﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

.

ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍﻭ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ

،لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ

ﻻﺇ ﻕﺌﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﺒ ﻰﻅﺤﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ 1920

ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ )

(1945 ﻙﻝﺫ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﺠ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﺍﺯﺎﻤﻭ ﺩﻴﻌﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻥﻴﺤﻝﺍ

ﻉﺍﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻤﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘﻭ .

ﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺩ

'' ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻝﺍ ''

ﺎﻨﺘﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ

ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ : '' ﻪﺘﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻝﺍ ''

ﺎﺠ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﺙﻼﺜﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﺕﺀ

ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻭ لﻭﺼﻓ .

،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻤﺃ ﺎ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﻪﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺎﻨﻴﺒﻓ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺎﻨﻀﺭﻋ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻴﻝ ،ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺼﻝﺍ

ﺙﺎﻌﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺼ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﺸﺎﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺌﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ

ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻸﻝ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺭﺒﺨﻤﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ .