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High genetic and morphological diversity despite range contraction in the diploid Hieracium eriophorum (Asteraceae) endemic to the coastal sand dunes of south-west France

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1 SUPPLEMETARY MATERIAL

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Supplementary Figure 1. Principal coordinate analysis of the AFLP data from 46 individuals from six 3

sampling sites, based on Jaccard’s similarity distances. The first two principal coordinates axes are 4

plotted.

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M[which should be cited to refer to this work.

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Supplementary Figure 2. Log-likelihood probability of the number of inferred clusters (K) estimated 9

using STRUCTURE (Pritchard et al., 2000).

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Supplementary Figure 3. Neighbor joining tree of the six sampling locations, based on Euclidean 14

distance of allele frequencies.

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4 Supplementary Table 1. Univariate statistics of measured/scored quantitative characters of 20

Hieracium eriophorum. Character’s abbreviations and units are explained in Table 3. Min – minimum, 21

5% – 5% percentile, SD – standard deviation, Max – Maximum, 95% – 95% percentile.

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Min(5%) Mean+-SD Max(95%)

HP 20.00(40.00) 166.09+-190.08 930.00(614.00)

HFB 5.00(5.00) 94.81+-169.98 840.00(515.50)

DST 1.70(2.10) 3.75+-1.31 7.60(5.97)

LST 163.00(238.65) 490.05+-237.46 1131.00(1033.15) LFB 10.00(148.05) 373.53+-204.17 996.00(875.85)

LIN 9.00(15.15) 116.52+-117.42 443.00(381.35)

NL 24.00(28.45) 62.16+-25.95 158.00(110.85)

LLL 25.00(30.15) 48.20+-13.30 87.00(71.55)

WLL 9.00(11.15) 17.73+-4.40 30.00(25.00) LLL/WLL 1.88(2.06) 2.74+-0.48 4.24(3.48)

NT 1.00(3.00) 4.92+-1.95 13.00(7.85)

LLT 0.30(0.53) 1.83+-0.96 4.50(3.39)

NC 3.00(6.15) 24.72+-20.94 106.00(63.10)

NC/LIN 0.07(0.10) 0.29+-0.16 1.00(0.54)

LLB 10.00(21.15) 72.19+-45.28 243.00(157.90)

LA 3.00(4.15) 12.22+-6.52 32.00(24.00)

LLB 9.00(9.00) 10.45+-0.94 13.00(12.00)

LTB 0.00(0.00) 0.63+-0.53 2.70(1.67)

LTA 0.00(0.22) 1.03+-0.67 2.60(2.39)

LTUT 0.10(0.20) 1.22+-0.90 3.60(2.86)

LTMT 0.20(0.42) 2.15+-1.16 5.20(4.44)

LTSB 0.50(0.63) 2.33+-1.17 5.40(4.26)

LTLUT 0.00(0.20) 0.82+-0.58 2.60(1.79)

LTLMT 0.10(0.32) 1.24+-0.61 2.70(2.39)

LTLLT 0.10(0.70) 1.19+-0.44 2.30(2.00)

TDL1 1.00(2.00) 3.73+-1.25 5.00(5.00)

TDL2 2.00(3.00) 4.14+-0.73 5.00(5.00)

TDL3 2.00(3.00) 4.23+-0.75 5.00(5.00)

LS 2.00(2.82) 3.71+-0.52 4.90(4.49)

LP 5.60(6.00) 7.02+-0.60 8.10(7.99)

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5 Supplementary Table 2. Eigenvector values showing correlations of characters measured on 24

Hieracium eriophorum with the first two principal components for the PCA based on all traits (PCA A), 25

and the PCA based on the reduced set of traits (PCA B).

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Character PCA A PCA B Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 1 Axis 2

HP -0.507 0.460 -0.474 0.847 HFB -0.401 0.547 -0.407 0.873 DST -0.575 -0.685 - - LST -0.733 -0.012 -0.559 0.545 LFB -0.504 0.364 - - LIN -0.606 -0.657 - - NL -0.661 -0.401 - - LLL -0.709 0.170 - - WLL -0.766 -0.109 - - LLL/WLL -0.044 0.369 - - NT -0.028 -0.443 - - LLT -0.370 -0.286 - - NC -0.526 -0.663 - - NC/LIN 0.387 0.172 - - LLB -0.547 -0.381 - - LA -0.014 -0.162 - - LLBR -0.257 -0.115 - - LTB -0.591 0.146 -0.659 -0.223 LTA -0.719 0.168 -0.773 -0.076 LTUT -0.719 0.010 -0.772 -0.229 LTMT -0.620 0.079 -0.711 -0.284 LTSB -0.391 -0.038 -0.406 -0.442 LTLUT -0.646 0.462 -0.827 -0.041 LTLMT -0.557 0.471 -0.736 -0.069 LTLLT -0.207 0.343 -0.316 -0.077 TDL1 -0.777 0.209 -0.856 -0.051 TDL2 -0.603 0.142 -0.670 -0.170 TDL3 0.005 0.213 -0.148 -0.202 LS 0.105 -0.531 - - LP -0.310 0.076 - - SC 0.239 0.230 - - 28

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6 Supplementary Table 3. List of herbarium records

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Acronym* Herbarium / Institution Total specimens Records personally checked

ANG Arboretum de la Maulévrie, Angers, F 4 AV Muséum Requien, Avignon, F 2 G, G-DC Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, CH 42 LY Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, F 42 MPU Université Montpellier 2, F 67 P Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, F 125 Records electronically provided

AIX Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle d'Aix-en-Provence, F 2 AUT Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Autun, F 8 GRM-ARV Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Grenoble, F 15 LISU Museu Nacional de História Natural, Lisboa, P 4 LMS Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Le Mans, F 1 TL Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F 1

*according to Thiers B (2011) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated 32

staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ Accessed 27 33

March 2011 34

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7 Supplementary Table 4. Absence and presence records used for maps

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herbaria literature ONF monitoring own fieldwork

1800 to 1850 34 0 0 0

1851 to 1945 60 0 0 0

1946 to 1984 6 32 0 0

1985 to 2000 3 1 51 0

2001 to 2010 0 0 52 45

total 103 33 103 45

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