ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﺜﺃ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺩ . ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺩﻝﻭ ﺔﻤﻁﺎﻓ
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺯﻭﺒ 2
Abstract :
This study aims to clarify the different communicational functions of the language through its phonetic and phonological structure that is based on three necessary elements:
The phoneme- the accent – the intonation.
It is noted that the segmental phoneme undergoes semantic changes set by the accentual factor (supra segmental phonemes) that follows it in the context as:
The phoneme, the vowel reduction and the accentual-intonational interaction. This situation creates a unique musical scale that expresses judgements and values.
Their aim is to communicate ideas from several ways under civilisationel, cultural, sociological factors... etc.
Abstract :
La communication que je me propose de vous présenter vise à la compréhension des différentes fonctions des langues communicationnelles à partir de sa structure phonétique-phonologique qui s’articule notamment sur trois éléments indispensables :
Le phonème- l’accent – l’intonation.
Il est retenu que le phonème segmental subit des transformations sémantiques qu’imposent le facteur accentuel (phonème supra segmental), qui l’accompagne dans le contexte tels :
le phonème, l’apophonie et la réaction accent-intonationnelle. Cette situation crée une gamme musicale exceptionnelle exprimant jugements et valeurs.
Leur but est de transmettre les idées par différentes voies soumises à des facteurs civilisationnels, culturels, sociologiques etc…
ﺹﺨﻠﻤ : ﻀﻭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺩـﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻭـﻝﻭﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻅﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻐﻴﻠﺒﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻬﻓﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﺢﻴ
ﻲﻫ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ
ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ .
ﻱﺃ ﺢﻴﻭـﻁﺘﻝﺍ لـﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﻬـﻀﺭﻔﻴ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝ ﻲﻌﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴﻭ
ﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺎﻜ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻁﻗﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔ
ﻥـﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ،ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤ ﺎﻋﺎﻘﻴﺇ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ -
ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻴ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ–
.
ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ
،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻔﻗﻭﻭ ﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ
ﻴﻏ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻴﻠﻜ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭ
-
ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﻤﺴﻝﺍ -
. ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻝﺍ
ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌ ﻥـﻤ ﺍﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺩﺩﻋ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﺴﻭﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ .
"
ﺀﺎـﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻭـﻜﺘﻴ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻸﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺎﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ
"
،1
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻉﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺡﺭﺼ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺒﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔـﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ .
ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ
ﻕﻭﻓ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻲﺤﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻤ
ﻲﻌﻁﻘ (suprasegmental)
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨﺴ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ
ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲ
، ﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺱ
.
ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ 1 )
(Phonologie :
ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﺘ ﻪﻗﺎﻴـﺴ ﻲـﻓ ﺕﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻫ
ﻱﻭـﻐﻠﻝﺍ
، ﻥﻷ
ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﺘ ﻻ
"
ﻭﻘﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ لﺒ،ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻨﻭﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺩﻋﺍ
ﻁﺒﺘﺭـﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺜ ﻪﺘﻠﻗﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺓﺭﺜﻜﻭ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺇﻭ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺎﺒ )
لﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ (
ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﻭﻤﻝﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺒ ،ﻲﻫ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ
"
.2
ﺘﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻫ ﻪﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ لﻭﻘﻝ ﻊﺒ ﺫ
ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻗﺩﺒ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ،ﺍ ﻥﻷ ، ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ
ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺎﻌﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ .
ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺘﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ
ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﻭﺼ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، ﻡﺎﻬﻓﻹﺍ
ﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻤ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺭﻭﻤﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ .
ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ،
ﻫ ﻭ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﻫﻷ ﺎﻌﻀﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝ ﺎﻫﺩﺤﻭ ﻲﻔﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺍﺫ
ﻝ ﻩﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻠ .
ﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ
، ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻜﺒﺎﺸ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ
ﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻐﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪـﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ، ﺎﻫﺭﺒﻨ ﻭ ﺔﻤ
ﻲـﻓ ﻑﺭـﻌﻴ لـﻋﺎﻔﺘ
ﺏ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ )
ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ- ( ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻐﻨ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝ .
ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺎﻌﻁﻘﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺎﻓ
، ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻕﺭـﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻑﻘﻨ ﺎﻨﻠﻌﺠﻴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺠﻨﻴ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭ .
1 ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ – ﻉﺎﻘﻴﺇ
ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ
2 ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﻨﺜﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ – :
ﺃ . ﻓ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﻴﺇ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲ
ﺏ . ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻺﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻝﺇ
ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻰ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻓ
ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ –
ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ -
ﻱﺩﺅﺘ
، ﻉﺎﻘﻴﻹﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻜﺒﺎﺸﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺯﺭـﻔﺘﻓ
ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﺎﻨﻝ لﺜﻤﺘ
ﺎﻬﻴﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ
.
ﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﻹﺍ ﻩﺩﻫ ﻊﻘﺘ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ
3ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎـﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺭﻐﺼﺃ ،ﻥﺫﺇ ﻭﻬﻓ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻁﻋﺇ .
ﻥﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍﻭ :
.1 ﻲﻌﻁﻘﻤ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻓ Segmental
: ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴﻭ .
.2 ﻲﺤﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻓ -
ﻲﻌﻁﻘﻤ ﻕﻭﻓ ﻱﺃ Suprasegmental
: لﺼﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴﻭ .4
لﺜﻤﻴ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ )
ﻲﻌﻁﻗﻭﻓ ( ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﻩﺩﻫ ، ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻪﻴﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ .
ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻔﻴ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝ ﻲﻌﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﺩﻗ .
ﻙـﻝﺫ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻭ ﻲـﻓ
ﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻔﻝ
ﻜ ﺔﻴﻌﻁﻗﻭ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺎ
ﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺫ
ﻴ ﻱ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻤ ﺎﻋﺎﻘﻴﺇ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺘ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭ
ﻝ ﺱﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻪ .
ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ(1 ﺔﻴﺒﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ؛
) APOPHONIE (
:
ﻝ ﺩﻘ ﻡﻬﺴﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺄﻤﻭﺃ
"
ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ "
ﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺫ
ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍ
ﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻓ ،ﺕﻤﺍﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺎـﻫﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﻪـﻴﺩﺅﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻜﺄﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ
ﺘ ﺩـﺒ لﻴ
ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ (Apophonie)
لﻭﻘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ
" : ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ لﹸﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺩﻀ ﺔﺒﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﹶﺫﻝﺍ
ﺴﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﺔﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻠﻝ ﺍﻭﺭﺎﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﺄﻜﻭ ،ﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻀ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﺎـﻤﻤ ﺍﺭﺩـﻗ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻕﺤﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﺒﺍﺩﻠﻝ ﺓﺭ
ﺔﺒﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺤﻠﻴ
"
.5
لﻭﺤ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺃ ،ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ لﻴﺩﺒﺘ
ﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﺁ ﻭﻫ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝ
لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺫـﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ
ـﺸﻴ ﻱ ﻩﺩﻬ
ﺕﻭﺼﻠﻝ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﻀﺃ ﻥﻤ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﻤﻝﺍ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻌﺴﻭﺃ ﻪ ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺜ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝ ﺎـﻬﺠﺘﻨﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺓ
ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻴﻠﻜ
ﺔﻴﺩﺍﺭﻓﻹﺍ .
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﺒ ﻲﺤﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ؛ﻥﺫﺇ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺎﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ
ﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ، ﺔﻝﻻﺩﺒ ﺓﺭ
ﻲﻓ ﻡﻋﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ .
ﺭﻴﺒﺎﺴ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍﻭ )
Sapir ( ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﺒ
"
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺜﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ "
لﻭـﻘﻴﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴﻝ :
"
ﺕﻭﺼﻠﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻬﻴﺩﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ...
ﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﺇ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝ ﻡﺎ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺎﺒ
"
.6
ﻪﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻁﻔﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻭ ﺓﺩﻭـﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ,
ﺎﻬﺘﻻﻻﺩ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﺎﺘﻭﺼﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﻭ ﺔﻗﺩﺒ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﻲﻫ :
2 ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺼﻝﺍ ( ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻠﻝ
ﻭﺃ ) ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻠﻝ
(:
ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻠﺨﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﺒ
ﻡﺎﺴﻘﻨﺍ
ﺎﻤﻬﺒﺴﺎﻨﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ
ﻝ ﺎ ﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﻠ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻓﺩﻬﻴ ﻱ
ﻓ. ﺎـﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻭ ﺎـﻘﻁﻨ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻘ
ﻎﻴﻠﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻴ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ
ﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘ ﺒ لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝ ﻊـﻀﺨﺘ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﺭﻁ
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺫ ﻴﻨﻫ ﺔ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴﻭ ﻫ ﻭ .
ﺍﺫ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘ
"
ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺼﻝﺎﺒ .
"
ﻪﻨﻷ لﺼﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ
ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ
.
،ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ
ﻱ ﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺩﺅﻴ ﻬﺘﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻜ
ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺎ
ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ،
:
-1 ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﺯﻭﺠﻋ ﺎﹶﻨَﺃﻭ ﺩِﻝَﺃَﺃ ﺎﹶﺘﹶﻠﻴﻭ ﺎﻴ ﹾﺕﹶﻝﺎﹶﻗ
7( .
-2 ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﻡﻴﻘﻋ ﺯﻭﺠﻋ ﹾﺕﹶﻝﺎﹶﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﻬﺠﻭ ﹾﺕﱠﻜﺼﹶﻓ
8(
-3 ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﻪﹸﺘَﺃﺭﻤﺍﻭ ﹲﺔﻤِﺌﺎﹶﻗ ﹶﻕﺎﺤﺴِﺈﹺﺒ ﺎﻫﺎﹶﻨﺭﱠﺸﺒﹶﻓ ﹾﺕﹶﻜﺤﻀﹶﻓ
9( .
-4 ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﺩﹶﻗﻭ
ﺭﺒﻜﹾﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﹶﻐﹶﻠﺒ ﻲﺘَﺃﺭﻤﺍﻭ
ﺭﻗﺎﻋ
10ٌ ( .
-5 ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ ﹾﻝﺍﻭ )
ﺩﻋﺍﻭﹶﻘ
ﻥﻤ
ﺀﺎﺴﱢﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﺤﺎﹶﻜﻨ ﻥﻭﺠﺭﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻼﻝﺍ
11( .
-6 ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﹶﻓ ﺍﻭﹸﻘﱠﺘﹶﺘﻭ ﺍﻭﺤﻠﺼﹸﺘ ﻥِﺇﻭ ﺔﹶﻘﱠﻠﻌﻤﹾﻝﺎﹶﻜ ﺎﻫﻭﺭﹶﺫﹶﺘﹶﻓ ِلﻴﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﱠلﹸﻜ ﺍﻭﹸﻠﻴﻤﹶﺘ ﻼﹶﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺤﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﹸﻔﹶﻏ ﻥﺎﹶﻜ ﻪﱠﻠﻝﺍ ﻥِﺈ
12( .
-7 ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﺍﺭﻤَﺃ ﹰﺔﻌﻁﺎﹶﻗ ﹸﺕﹾﻨﹸﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻱﹺﺭﻤَﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻭﹸﺘﹾﻓَﺃ ُﻸﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴَﺃ ﺎﻴ ﹾﺕﹶﻝﺎﹶﻗ
13( .
ﻲﻓ ﻥﻌﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻴ ، ﺩﺠ ﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻤ ﻲﺘﻭ
ﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﺎ ﻝ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ
"
ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ "
ﺕﻭـﺼ ﻭﻫﻭ
،ﺢﺘﻔﻨﻤ ﻭﺨﺭ ﻲﻘﺒﻁ
"
ﻑﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ
"
ﺱﻭﻤﻬﻤ ﻱﻭﻬﻝ )
ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ ﻥﻤ (
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻠﻝ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﺇ
ﺏـﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻴـﻀﻝﺎﺒ
ـﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭ
ﺓﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ . ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻋ ﻥﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻠﻤﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺕﻗﺎﻀ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻥﺄﻜﻓ ﻡﻝﻷﺍ)
، ﺓﺭﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﺤﻝﺍ،
ﺱﺄﻴﻝﺍ،
ﻭ (…
ﺎﻨﺭﻌﺸ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻪﺒ
ﻑﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ
ﺓﺭﺨﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻠﻝ
ﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺄﻴ ﻥـﻤ ﺭﺨﺄـﺘﻤ ﻥﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫ
ﺎﻫﺭﻤﻋ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﻉﺎﻤﺴ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺄﺠﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻠﻝ ﺕﻁﻋﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ
ﻙـﻝﺫ ﺎـﻨﻝ ﻥﺎـﺘﺒﺜﺘ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻵﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻨﺄﻤﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﻭﺩﻬﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﻀﻭﺒ : ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﺕﹶﻠﺒﹾﻗَﺄﹶﻓ
ﻪﹸﺘَﺃﺭﻤﺍ
ﻬﻬﺠﻭ ﹾﺕﱠﻜﺼﹶﻓ ﺓﺭﺼ ﻲﻓ ـــ
ﹶﻗﻭ ﺎ ـــ ﹾﺕﹶﻝﺎ
ﺠﻋ ـــ ﻴﻘﻋ ﺯﻭ ــ
14 ﻡ(
.
لﺎﻗ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ )
ﺭﻗﺎـــﻋ ﻲـــﺘَﺃﺭﻤﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻜﹾﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﹶﻐﹶﻠﺒ ﺩﹶﻗﻭ
15( .
ﻥﺇ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻵﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﺘﺘ
، ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺠﻨ لﺩـﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ
ﻰـﻠﻋ
ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻌﺘ )
ﺓﺭﺎﺴ ( ﷲﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﻤﺃ ﻙﺭﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ :
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﻭ ﺎــﻴ ﹾﺕﹶﻝﺎﹶﻗ
ﺯﻭــﺠﻋ ﺎـــﹶﻨَﺃﻭ ﺩِﻝَﺃَﺃ ﺎــﹶﺘﹶﻠﻴ
16 ( .
ﻲﻬﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ
ﻉﻭﻨﺒ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺤﺭﻁ
ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺝﻭﺯ ﺓﺭﺎﺴ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ )
ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ (
ﻭ ،ﻡﺘﺤﻭ ﺓﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﺃ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﺤ لﺎﺨﺩﺈﺒ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺌﺩﺎﻫ ﺎﻋﺎﻘﻴﺇ .
ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘ
:
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ لﺎﻗ )
ﹺﻥﻭﺩﻬﹾﺸﹶﺘ ﻰﱠﺘﺤ ﺍﺭﻤَﺃ ﹰﺔﻌﻁﺎﹶﻗ ﹸﺕﹾﻨﹸﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻱﹺﺭﻤَﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻭﹸﺘﹾﻓَﺃ ُﻸﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴَﺃ ﺎﻴ ﹾﺕﹶﻝﺎﹶﻗ
17(
، ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺩﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ
ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻘﻝ ﺩﺸﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻜﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺇ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻨﻴ لﻤﻌﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ .
ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻓ ) ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﺔﻌﻁﺎﻗ ﺕﻨﻜ ﺎﻤ (
ﻭﻘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ ﺩﻴﻜﻭﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﻐـﺼ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻗ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺄﺒﺴ ﺔﻜﻠﻤ ﺱﻴﻘﻠﺒ ﻪﺒ ﻡ
ﺤﺎﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻬ
. ﺎـﻬﻋﺎﻨﺘﻗﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ،ﺎﻤﻜﺤﻤ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﺤ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ
ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ .
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ
ﻑﺭﺤ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ "
ﺎﻤ "
ﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻻﺍ ﺔ
"
ﺔﻌﻁﺎﻗ "
ﺘﻝﺍ ﺘ ﻲ لـﻤﺤ
ﻲﻓﺭﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺌﺍﻭﺘﺤﻻ ﻥﺒﻐﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﻭﺎﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ
"
ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺎﻘﻝﺍ . "
ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔـﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔـﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﻝ ﺫـﻬ ﺔـﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻩ
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ :
ﻜ ﺤ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﺔﻌﻁﺎﻗ ﺕﻨ ﻥﻭﺩﻬﺸﺘ ﻰﺘ
= <
ﺃ ﻻ ﺎﻨﺃ ﺫﻔﻨ ﻡﻜﺘﺩﺎﻬﺸﺒ ﻻﺇ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ .
ﻭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺘﻔﻠﻤ ﻤﻜﺘ ﺭﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﻥ
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻁﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ
ﺩﻨﻋ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻜﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﷲﺍ . ﺎﻫﺭﻜﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ لﻠﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺄﺴ ﻥﻭﺩ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ لﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﻜﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ .
ﻤﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﺘﺘ ﺔﻠﺜ ) :
ﺕﺎـﹶﻨﻤْﺅﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻠـﺴﻤ ﻥﹸﻜﹾﻨـﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﹶﺨ ﺎﺠﺍﻭﺯَﺃ ﻪﹶﻝﺩﺒﻴ ﻥَﺃ ﻥﹸﻜﹶﻘﱠﻠﹶﻁ ﻥِﺇ ﻪﺒﺭ ﻰﺴﻋ
ﺍﺭﺎﹶﻜﺒَﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﹶﺜ ﺕﺎﺤِﺌﺎﺴ ﺕﺍﺩﹺﺒﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺒِﺌﺎﹶﺘ ﺕﺎﹶﺘﻨﺎﹶﻗ
18( .
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻑﻁﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﺘﺘ ﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﻤﻭ )
ﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﻥِﺇ ﺕﺎـﹶﺘﻨﺎﹶﻘﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺘﻨﺎـﹶﻘﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﹶﻨﻤْﺅﻤﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﻤْﺅـﻤﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠـﺴﻤﹾﻝﺍ
ﹶﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻗﺩـﺼﹶﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌـﺸﺎﹶﺨﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻌـﺸﺎﹶﺨﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﹺﺒﺎﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﹺﺭﹺﺒﺎﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﹶﻗﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻗﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻤِﺌﺎـﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﹶﻗﺩـﺼ
ﺤﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤِﺌﺎﺼﻝﺍﻭ
ﺠَﺃﻭ ﹰﺓﺭﻔﹾﻐﻤ ﻡﻬﹶﻝ ﻪﱠﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻋَﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﻜﺍﱠﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﹶﻜ ﻪﱠﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﹺﺭﻜﺍﱠﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﹶﻅﻓﺎﺤﹾﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﺠﻭﺭﹸﻓ ﻥﻴﻅﻓﺎ ﺎﻤﻴﻅﻋ ﺍﺭ
19( .
ﻥﻴـﻠﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﺤ ﺔﻨﻤﻀﺘﻤ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ،ﺔﻨﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺼﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ )
ﻭﺃ ﻑـﻝﻷﺍ
ﺀﺎﻴﻝﺍ ( ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻼﻋﺇ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﻴﻹﺍ ﺏﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻉﻭﻗﻭ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻡﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﻨﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻜ ﻎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺎﻨﺴﻭﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺎﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺎﻌﻗﻭ ﺙﺩﺤﺃ ﺩﻗ ﺀﺎﻴﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻝﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﻪﻀﻔﺨﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻝ
ﻩﺎﻔﻀﺃ ﻥﻤ
لﺎﻤﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺴﺤﻭ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤ . ﺃ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﻴﻹﺍ ﻥ ،ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ،ﻲ
ﺔﻴﻶﻝ ﻱﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻎﻁﻴ ﻡﻝ .
(3 ﻥـﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ) NOUNATION (:
ﻡﻭـﻠﻋ ﻲـﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻬﻝﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺍﻭﻝﻭﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﺜﻴﺩﺤﻭ ﺎﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻭﺤﻨﻠ
ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻔﻝﺅﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺍﻭﺩﺭﻓﺄﻓ .
ﺎﻫﺩـﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻨﻋﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻻ ﺎﻅﻔﻝ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻕﺤﻠﺘ ﺔﻨﻜﺎﺴ ﻥﻭﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ
20ﻥﻭﻨ . ﻠﻓ ﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻠ ﺍ
،ﺏﻴﻜ ﺤﺒ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻡﻜ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺯﺘﺨﻻﺍ
ﻑﺭـﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻴﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،
ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻭﺃ .21
ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ
ﻝﺍ ﻻﻻﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕ :
ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﺭﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ
ﺙﻴﺤ،
ﺓﺭـﺜﻜﻝ ﺔـﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ
ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻭ
، ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺎﺘﺘ ﺍﺫ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ
ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺩﺠﻭ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ﺏﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻤﻋ ﻊﻗﻭ ﺕ
ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ -22
ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ -
ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ .
ﺭﺭﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﻼﺘ ﻭﻫ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺎﻤﻭ
ﺯﻭﺠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻁﻴﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﻷﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻜ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺴﺄﻴﻝ
ﺴﺎﺴﺤﺇ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﻤﻝﺎـﺒ ﺎﻬ
ﻲﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭﻝ ﺭﻴﺴﻌﻝﺍ
ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ .
ﺘﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴ
:
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﹲﺕﺍﺭﻴﹶﺨ ﻥﹺﻬﻴﻓ
23( .
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﹴﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻱﹺﺭﹶﻘﺒﻋﻭ ﹴﺭﻀﹸﺨ ﻑﺭﹾﻓﺭ ﻰﹶﻠﻋ ﻥﻴِﺌﻜﱠﺘﻤ
24( .
ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﺔﻔﻬﻝﻭ ﻕﻭﺸﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺩﺸﻴ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻤﺘﺨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ
ﺎـﻫﺭﺜﺃ ﺔـﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻕﻴﻭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﺍﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺴ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ .
ﻨﻴﻨﺭ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺎ
ﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤ ﺎ ﺍﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺩﻴﻘﺘ ﺕ ﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻪﺒ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺕ ﻝ
ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻯﺩﺼ
ﻴ ﻊـﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘ
ﺭﻤﻐﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺏﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺤ ﺎﻫﺎﻴﺇ ﻪﻋﺎﻤﺴ .
ﺔﻤﻠﻜ
"
ﻥﺎﺴﺤ "
ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﺠﻭﺍﺯﻤﻠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺕﻌﻤﺠﻭ ﺀﺎﻔﺠﻋﻭ ﻑﺎﺠﻋ لﺜﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻌﻤﺠ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒﻤ ﺔﻐﻴﺼ ﻲﻫ
ﻕﺒﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﻵﺍ .25
ﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻘﻴﺇ ﺎﺠﻭﺍﺯﺘ ﺕﻘﻠﺨ ﺔﺠﻭﺍﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﻭﻗﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﺘﻤ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻅ
.
ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻴﺜﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝ ﺎﻔﺼﻭ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻭ .
(4 ﺭـﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ )
Accent (:
ﻁﺎـﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻊﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺓﺯﻴﻤ ﻪﺒﺴﻜﻴ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻕﻔﺘﺍ ﻊ
ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ .26
ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ
ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ27
ﺯﻤﻬﻝﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻤﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ .28
ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ لﻁﻤﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻝ29
ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻴﻭﻁﺘ
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ . ﺩﻗﻭ ﺫ ﺏﻫ
"
ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ "
ﻪﻤﻼﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﺫﺤ ﻥﻋ
ﻼﺌﺎﻗ ﻥﻴﺤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ..."
ﻥﺎـﺴﻨﺇ ﺡﺩـﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺇ
لﻭﻘﺘﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍﻭ :
ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺯﺘﻓ ﻼﺠﺭ ﻪــــﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺇﻭ ﻡﻼﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﻤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﷲﺎﺒ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ
"
.30
ﻭ ﺩﺠﻨ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ
ﻘﺒﺎﻁﺘ ﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺎ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ
ﻕـﻁﻨ ﻲـﻓ ﻡﻠﻜﺘـﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
،ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻭ
ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻁﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺒ
ﻝﺍ لﻴﻭﻁﺘ ،ﻪﻌﻓﺭﻭ ﺕﻭﺼ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺩﺼﻗ
ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻭﺒ ﺍﺫﻬ ﻲﻘﺘﻠﻴ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ
ﻕـﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷ
ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﻩﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ
.
ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﺎﻤﺃ
"
ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺇﻭ ﻡﻼﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﻤﺘ "
ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻩﺩﻜﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻓ
ﺔـﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ
ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻕﻁﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺯﺠﻭﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻤﻼﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺄﻤﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﺒ ﻑﺸﻜﻴ ،ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ لﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻌﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺎﻓ ،ﻪﺒ ﺡﺭﺼﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﻲﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ
ﻲﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻠﻝ .
5 ( ﻡـﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ) Intonation (
:
ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﻡﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﻫ .
ﻭ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ
ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺘـﺴﺘ
ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻓ، ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﺎﻨﻤﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺒ
لﺩﻌﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺍﺯﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕ ﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ
.
ﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻓ
ﻡﻼـﻜﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻲﻓ ،ﻪﻀﻔﺨﻭ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻭﻬ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻝﻻﺩﻠﻝ
ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺘﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺘﻭﺘ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ،31
ﻊـﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﻲﻌﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻭ
ﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻴ .
ﻭﻴ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ لﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤﻼ 32
ﻑـﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﻪﺘﻤﻐﻨ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﺃ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻪﻨﺃ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝﺍ
ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻱﻭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺒﻨﻤ ﺔﻘﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺒﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﺴﺎﻴﻗ .
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﺨﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻴﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻲ
،ﺔـﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻲـﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﺭـﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺅﺒ
ﻝﺎﻓ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺎﻬﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ
ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻠ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ
ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺩﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ.
ﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻝﻠ ﺔﻐ ﺒ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺎ ﺩﻴﻁﻭﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻴﻤﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ،
ﻲﻬﻓ ﻡﻬﻨـﻋ ﺭﺩﺼﺘ ﻻ ﻻﺇ
ﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻐﻨﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ .
لﺍﺅﺴ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﺒ ﺎﻨﺘﺸﻫﺩﻭ ﺎﻨﺒﺠﻌﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒـﻌﻨ ﻥﺃ ،ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺩﻴﺭﻨﻭ
ﺭﺎﺴﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻭ
ﺓﺭﺎﺴﻝ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﺴﺇ ﻪﻤﺴﺍ ﺩﻝﻭﺒ ﺕﺭﺸﺒ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ
.
ﺎﻤﻜ ﻭ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻐﻨﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﺔﺌﺩﺎﻫ
ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻭ "
ﺱﻴﻘﻠﺒ
"
ﻓ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲ )
ﺎﻤ ﺕـﻨﻜ
ﻥﻭﺩﻬﺸﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﺔﻌﻁﺎﻗ (
ﻓ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺎ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﺩﺍ ﺘ
ﻕﺤﻠ ﻊﻤﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻌﻤ لـﻤﺎﻌﺘﻴ ﻭ
ﻪﺘﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻝ
ﺓﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ
.
- ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ
ﻻﻻﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕ :
ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺼﻭﻴ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ،
، ﺔﻴﻭﻭﻨ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻗﺃ
ﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﻼﺠﻹ ﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭ
لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﻙﻝﺩ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻀﺘﻴﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ :
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﺎﻴﻐﺒ ﻙَﺃ ﻡﹶﻝﻭ
33 ( .
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﻭ ﺎﻤ
ﻙﻤُﺃ ﹾﺕﹶﻨﺎﹶﻜ
ﻴﻐﺒ ﺎ
34( .
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﹴﻥﺍﺩﹾﺨَﺃ ﺕﺍﹶﺫﺨﱠﺘﻤ ﺎﹶﻝﻭ
35 ( .
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ )
ﺔﻨﻤﺅﻤ ﺔﺒﻗﺭ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻓ
36 ٍ(
.
ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨﻴ
ﻊ ،ﺎـﻬﺒ ﻕـﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺩـﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻠﻝ ﺔﻗﻭﻠﻐﻤﻝﺍ
ﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻥﻴﻜﺴﺘ ﻪﻤﺯﻠﺘﺴﺘ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﺤﻝ
.
ﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺯﻭﺠﻋ ﺔﻔﺼ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨﺴ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ لﺎﻗ
) : ﹾﺕﹶﻝﺎﹶﻗ / ﺎﹶﻨَﺃﻭ ﺩِﻝَﺃَﺃ ﺎﹶﺘﹶﻠﻴﻭ ﺎﻴ
ﺯﻭﺠﻋ
37( ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝ ، ﺩﺼﻗ
ﻭ ﻲﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺅﺒ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﺀﻼﺠﺇ
ﺎﻬ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ .
ﻼﻨ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻥﻴﺘﻨﺜﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﻤﺠ ﺎﻴﻭﺤﻨ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﻪﻅﺤ
:
ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ
) ﺩﻝﺃﺃ ( ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﺔﻔﻗﻭﺒ ﺓﻭﻠﺘﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺒﻨﻤ ﻕﻭﻓﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ
ﺒ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺎ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﻴﺩـﺸﺘﺒ لﺍﺅـﺴ ﺔﻐﻴﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺴﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻭﻌﻴﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺼﻝ ) ﺩﻝﺃﺃ .(
- ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ) ﺩﻝﺃﺃ ( ﻡﺎﻬﻔﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺯﻤﻫ ﺎﻬﻘﺒﺴﺘ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺓﺭﻭﺒﻨﻤ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺴﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﺎﻴﻭﺤﻨ لﺜﻤﺘ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻝ .
ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻊﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍ ﻱﻭﻭﻨﻝﺍ
ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻰﻘﻠﺘﻴ
ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻓ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻭـﺒﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺸﺃ ﻪﻌﻤﺴ ﺓﻭﻗ -
ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤ -
ﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻭ
.
- ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻓ
) ﺯﻭﺠﻋ ﺎﻨﺃﻭ (
ﻌﻤ ﺎﻨﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺕﺒﺜﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻬ
- ﺔـﻴﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ -
ﺩـﻨﻋ
ﺕﺎﺒﺫﺒﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ
ﻲﻠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺃﺩﺒﺘ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻠﻝ ﻪﻌﻤﺴ ﺓﻭﻗﻭ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﻠﻋ
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻘﻁﻨ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ لﺼﺘﻝ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘ
ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ .
ﻭﺍﻭـﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺩﻨﻋ
ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﻝ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻴ
"
ﺎﻨﺃ "
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺴﻔﻨ لﺩﻴ ﺓﺯـﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺯﻭﺠﻋ ﻊﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﻤ ﺽﻔﺨﻨﻴﻝ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺍﺭﻜﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ
ﺓﺭـﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺄـﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻓ
ﻴ ﻥﻭـﻜ ﺎـﻬﻘﻁﻨ ﻲﻝﺎـﺘﻝﺎﻜ
: ﺎـﻨﺃﻭ
ﻋ ﻭـــﺠ ﺯ
. ﻪﺒ ﺕﺭﺸﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﺄﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺠﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻥﺇ
"
ﺓﺭﺎﺴ "
ﺀﻲﺠﻤﻝ
"
ﻕﺎﺤﺴﺇ ﺏﻭﻘﻌﻴﻭ "
ﹰﺎﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻗ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ . ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺍﺭﺸﻨﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻭﻫ ﺩﻝﺁ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺭﺴ ﻭ
ﻠﺘ ﺩﻨﻋ ،ﺭـﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻴﻘ
ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ لﻭﺤﻴ ﻥﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺭﻜﺫﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ .
ﺓﺩﻭﺩـﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ )
ﺯﻭــﺠﻋ (
ﺎﻘﻁﻨ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ لﻘﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ
ﺩﻤ ﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺘﻔﺸﻝ ﺭﻴﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﻁﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺸﻴﻌﺘ .
ﺭﺒ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺯﻭ
ﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﻐﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤ ﻱﻭﻭﻨﻝﺍ
ﻩﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ .
ﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﺼﺤ ﻱﺫ
،ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﻭ ﻭ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺭﻔ ﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻴﻤﺘ ﺕﺍﺯ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺘ ﻨﻤﻀ ﺎﻬﺘ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ .
ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ )
ﺯﻭﺠﻋ ( ﻪﺒ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ
ﺔﻴﻵﺍ . ﻱﻭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ لﻤﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ
ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﺴﺎﺴﺃ
، ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺎ ﻓ
ﻊـﻀﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ
،) ﻤﻝﺍ ﻊـﻁﻘ
ﻱﻭﻨﻨﻝﺍ ( ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
، ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ
ﺎﻫﺭﺒﻨ ) ﻭ ﺩﻝﺃﺃ ﺯﻭﺠﻋ ﺎﻨﺃ (
ﻭ ،لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ﻥﺇ
ﺎﻤ ﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﺘ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝ
- ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻬﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺍﻭ
- ﻊﻁﺎـﻗ لﻴﻝﺩـﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺒﺨ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﻁﺼ ﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻬﺘﺸﺎﻋ ﻲ
ﺎ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ، ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﺴ ﻤﻝﺍ
ﺍﺭﻬﺒﻨﻤ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺌﺎﺤ ﻑﻘﻴ ﺏﻁﺎﺨ ﻪـﺴﻔﻨ ﺕـﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺕﺴﻜﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺭﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ
، ﻥﻴﻋ ﺔﻀﻤﻭ ﻲﻓ
، ﺎﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﺎﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺎﻴﻭﻐﻝ - ﻥﻴﻬﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ
:
ﺃ - ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻊﻀﻭﻝ ﺭﺎﺴﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻴ ﻲﺒﺠﻌﺘﻭ ﻲﻤﺎﻬﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻝﺍ )
ﺱﺄﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ (.
ﺏ - ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ
ﻫ ﻲ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺤﺭﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﺍ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﻌﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
.
ﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻪﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘ
ﻥﻤ ﺫﻫ ﻩ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻝﺍﻔ
ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻁﻗﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ
– ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ -
ﺕـﺠﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﻗ
، ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ
ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺒﺎﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ؛ﺍﺩﻘﻌﻤ
ﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﻔ ﻡـﻝ ﺔ
ﻻ ﻭ / /
ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺍﺭﻔﻨﺎﺒ ﺩ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻝ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻲﺘﻭﺼ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﺒ ﺹﺘﺨﺘ
، ﺝﺍﺯﺘﻤﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﺌﻔﻝﺍ
ﻴ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺴﻔ
ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻙﺒﺎﺸﺘ ﺎﻴﻠﺠ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻑﺸﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺒﻨ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻨ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ .
ﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼ
- ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨ ﻥﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺵﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﺒ:
,
-1 ﻲﻜﺴﻴﻭﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺯ :
ﻲﺒﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ )
ﺓﺩﻜﺅﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻬﻔﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﻤ (
،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ،1985
ﺹ .278
-2 ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ :
ﺹ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ .139
-3 ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ
،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ
: ﻥﺍﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ 15
ﻭ ،ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ،لﻴﺭﺒﺃ ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ،لﻴﺭﺒﺃ16
، 1984 ﺹ .263 ﺕﻭﻗﺎﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺭﻅﻨﺍﻭ :
ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻓ
،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺹ ،1995
-200 .201
-4 ﻲﻌﻁﻘﻤ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻓ =
Phonème segmental
ﻲﺤﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻓ )
ﻑﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻱﺃ = (
Phonème suprasegmental
ﺩﺭـﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻁﻗﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺴﻝﺍ )
ﻡﻴﻨﻭـﻔﻝﺍ .(
ﻡﻴـﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭـﺒﻨﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻌﻁﻗﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ )
ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻓ .(
ﺭﻅﻨﺍ : - 139 _127 ﺹ 1989, ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﺤﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ )
ﻱﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﺍ - ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻓ - ﻲﺒﺭﻋ ( ﺱﻨﻭﺘ
لﻌﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻭﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ لﻌﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻗﻭﻁﻨﻤ ﺎﺘﻭﺼ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺭﻐﺼﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻠﺜﻤﺃﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﺼ ﻭﻫ (Allophone)
ﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎـﻬﺒ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻨﺘ
ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴﻭ ﻡﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ .
ﺭﻅﻨﺃ : ﻱﺎﺒ ﻭﻴﺭﺎﻤ :
ﻁ ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺱﺴﺃ ،3
ﺹ ،1987 .88
-5 ﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋﻭ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋﻭ ﻑﺼﺎﻨ ﻱﺩﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ،ﺏﺴﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻠﺒﺸ لﻴﻋﺎﻤﺴﺇ ﺢﺘﺎﻔ
ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ــﻫ1368
ﺔﻨﺴﻝ ﺀﺯﺠ ،ﻡ1948
ﺹ ،2 .18
-6 ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﺎﺴ :
ﻥﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ
"
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ "
ﺡﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ
"
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺜﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ
ﺹ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ،ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻥﻋ .161
-Sapir : Sound paterns in language, vol 1, 1945, pp 37-51 and la réalité psycologique des phonèmes, Journal de psych, Jan- APR, 1933.
-7 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺩﻭﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .72
-8 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺭﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .29
-9 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ، ﺩﻭﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .71
-10 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻤﻋ لﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .40
-11 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .60
-12 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .129
-13 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،لﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .32
-14 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺭﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .29
-15 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻤﻋ لﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .40
-16 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺩﻭﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .72
-17 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،لﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .32
-18 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻡﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .5
- ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻡﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .
ﻡﺎﺸﻫ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺼﻨﻻ )
ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻰﺒﺃ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ
ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺠ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﻥﺒ
ﻥﺒﺃ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ (
: ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،لﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻙﻝﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﺃ
،5 ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،1975 ﺹ ،1
.15 ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺴﺤ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ،7
ﺹ ،1986 -209 .211
- ﺍ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ،ﻱﻭﺎﻬﺠ ﻲﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﻋ ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ،ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝ
،1 ،1982
ﺹ -99 .100
- ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺔﻝﺯﻝﺯﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .4
- ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻥﺒﺍ : ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،لﺼﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺸ )
ﺕ ﺩ ( ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، ﺹ ،9
.30
ﺭﻅﻨﺍ : ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ :
ﻡﻗﺭ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ 7،4،3،2،1
.
ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ) ) (5 ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ (
ﺒ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻓ ـ
) لﺃ ( ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ .
ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ )
) (6 ﺔﻘﻠﻌﻤﻝﺎﻜ ﺎﻫﻭﺭﺫﺘﻭ (
ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻪﻴﺒﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺤ ﺎﻬﻘﺒﺴﻴ )
ﺔﻘﻠﻌﻤ ﺎﻫﻭﺭﺫﺘﻓ (
-22 ﺭﻅﻨﺍ :
ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ :
ﻡﻗﺭ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ 7،4،3،2،1
.
ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ) ) (5 ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ (
ـﺒ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻓ )
لﺃ ( ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ .
ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ )
) (6 ﺔﻘﻠﻌﻤﻝﺎﻜ ﺎﻫﻭﺭﺫﺘﻭ (
ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻪﻴﺒﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺤ ﺎﻬﻘﺒﺴﻴ )
ﺔﻘﻠﻌﻤ ﺎﻫﻭﺭﺫﺘﻓ .(
-23 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .70
-24 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .76
-25 ﺍ ﺯﻭﻨﻜ ﻥﻤ ،ﻱﺩﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝ
ﺹ ،1981 .177
-26 ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ : ﺹ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺱﺴﺃ ،ﻱﺎﺒ ﻭﻴﺭﺎﻤ .93
-27 ﺭﻅﻨﺍ : ﺱﻴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ :
ﻭﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ -
ﺔـﻌﺒﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ،3
ﺹ ،1976 .46 ﻭ ﺏﻭـﻴﺃ ﻥﻤﺤﺭـﻝﺍ ﺩـﺒﻋ :
ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻤ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ،ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ
ﺹ ،1966 .145
-28 ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﺒﺍ :
ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ )
ﺭﺒﻨ .(
ﺔـﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ ﺭﻜﻨﺄﻓ ،ﺯﻤﻬﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺼﻴ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻗ ﻱﺩﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺤ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻼﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻤﻬﺘ ﺵﻴﺭﻗ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﻑﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺯﻤﻫ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺍﻭﻝﺎﻗﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ :
ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﺩﺠﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﻨﺘ .
-29 ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ : ﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺀﺯ
ﺹ ،2 -157 .158
-30 ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹ ،2
-1370 .371
-31 ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ :
ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ،2
ﺹ ،1985 .106
-32 ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ .
ﺭﻅﻨﺃ :
ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ : ﺀﺯﺠ ،ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺹ ،3
.370
-33 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .20
-34 ﻵﺍ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﺔﻴ
.28
-35 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .25
-36 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .92
-37 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺩﻭﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .72
