Fire investigations by the Fire Research Section 1955

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Fire investigations by the Fire Research Section 1955

NATIONAL RESEARCH

COUNCIL

CANADA

D S V I S I O N

OF

B U I L D I N G

RESEARCH

Fire

Investigations

by

the

Fire

Research

Sectl.on

Report

No.

101

'I'll? s t u d y of f i r e

i u

b u i l d i n g s h a s been r e c o g n i z e d by

\;he

Divis.iol2

of

ij~.iild.ing Re.uearch

from

Lhe

s t a r b

of i t s work i n

l5/q7,

as

one of i t s p r i n ~ c r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s I n view of' t h e t r a g i c l o s s of l i f e and of p r o p e r t y which o c c u r s e v e r y y e a r i n Canada because of f i r e s . l ~ 1950, j r-1 F i r e l i e s e a r c h S e c t i o n was estab:l.ished wiLh

1 '

~ n i s general. f i e l d of 1 n v e s t i g a . L i o as i t s f u n c t i o n . Froin t h e i n c e ~ - ) t i o n of this S e c t i o n i t was rea:l.ized t h a t a s t u d y of a c t u a l f i r e s r;iust be c a r r i e d out c o n ~ u r ~ e n t l y w i t h l a b o r a t o r y s t u d i e s and

o t h e r p h a s e s of f i r e r e s e a r c h work.

The p r e s e n t r e p ~ r t , which c o v e r s i n v e s t i g a t i o n s c a r r i e d o u t i n

1955

,

i s -the second of wh3.t i s hoped w i l l become

a

s e r i e s of a n n u a l

r e p o r t s . 'The f i r s t r e p o r t ,

DBR

Report No. 78, c o n t a i n e d t h e r e s u l L s of f i r e i n v e s b i g a t i o n s from

1950

t o 1354.

A M

i n p r e v i o u s y e a r s t l l e s e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s have been c o n f i n e d t o t h e OtLawa a r e a , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e l a r g e l o s s f i r e

a t

Hawkesbury, O n t a r i o . It s h o u l d be p o i n t e d o u t , hcwever, t h a ' t o t h e r f i e l d i n . d e s t i g a ' c i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e s t u d y of f i r e f a t a l i L i e s i n t h e Province of O n t a r i o have a l s o been c a r r i e d o u t , which n e c e s s i ' i ; a J ~ e d t r a v e l l i n g Lo v a r i o u s s e c t i o n s of t h e P r o v i n c e . 'The l a t t e r

s t u d i e s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n DHR Reporbs Nos. 7 1 and 9 0 .

'The c o n i i n u e d co-operaLion of t h e Ottawa F i r e Departrrient and t h e O n t a r i o F i r e M a r s h a l ' s O f f i c e i s a p p r e c i a t e d a s i L c e r t a i n l y f a c i l i t a t e s t h e work of t h e F i r e R e s e a r c h S e c t i o n . Robert

F.

L e g g e t , D i r e c t o r . O t bawa. Aubust, 1936.

P

I R E _-- INVES'l'IGATIONS _-

BY

'1'1-IE FIRE _--

by

G.W.

S h o r t e r and C . G . B u r n e t t

During 1255 t h e F i r e Research S e c t i o n c o n t i n u e d i t s f i e l d

:; tilcilies a i f i r e s . As i n t h e y e a r s s i n c e

1953

t h e work h a s been

brolten down i n t o i.nvestigaL i o n s al; rion-f'atal f i r e s a s w e l l a s

f'a La.l S i r e s

.

'The s t u c i l . ~ ; ; u n d e r t a k e n aL f a t a l f i r e s ciuriilg 1325 a r e r e p o r t e d on I n DBRReporL No.

50,

" F i r e F a t a l i t i e s i n t h e

l'rovir~ce aJ? O n t a r i o

In 1355,

LnvesLigated by t h e F i r e . R e s e a r c h

Set L i o n ' '

S t u d i e s a t r~on-..CaLal f i r e s began i n Jul-y 1350, and have been continued. s i n c e tha-c time w i t h

a

t o t a l of 20 f i r e s h a v i n g been

invcstigaLec1 u p t o J'amuary :I.,

6

.

T h i s r e p o r i ; d e a l s w i t h

L 2 1 ~ '

1.3

f i r e s s'cud.:i.ed d u r i n g l c j j 5 , a.nd i s a conii:)alzion r e p o r t Lo

DER

Report No.

7U,

" F i r e I n v e s t i g a t i o n s by t h e F i r e Hesearch Seci;iol?

:1y3o

.- 11-.:.:j!~

.

A s i n p r e v i o u s year:; t h i s work ha^: been

conf'j-]zed 511 the rnain t o Lhe Ottawa a r e a , wiLh tlze e;cception o.t a

v j - s i t t o a l a r g e :Loss f i r e a t I'iawkesbury, O n t a r i o . Tlie same s p l e n d i d c o - o p e r a t i o n h a s been r e c e i v e d from t h e Ottawa F i r e Departmerit, who not; if y merr~ljeru of' t h e F i r e f i e s e a r c h S e c t i o n when- e v e r a requec'c f o r a d d i t i o n a l a p p a r a t u s i s r e c e i v e d a t f i r e a l a r m h e a d q u a r t e r s .

Sumrnarles of Lhe

13

f i r c s I n v e s t i g a ' i e d d u r i n g 1955 a r e g i v e n w i t h p h o t o g r a p h s beinl;; used t o su.pplement t h e w r i i ; t e n r e p o r t s .

1n e a c h nurlullary Lhc f i r e i s d e s c r i b e d under

5

h e a d i n g s : ( a )

G e n e r a l ( b ) Weather d . a t ; a ( c ) C o n s t r u c t i o n ( d ) Spread of f i r e , and ( e ) liemarks. Except where s p e c i f i c a l l y r e f e r r e d t o , t h e wes.ther d a t a a r e includecl m e r e l y Lo i n d i c a t e , t o t h o s e who

a r e n u t farni.1 i a r wILh Ll?e ~ i e a t h e r in- Canada, t h e clinkat i c c o n d i t i o n s

at

v a r i o u s t i m e s of t h e y e a r .

Data f o r a l l t h e f i r e s i n v e s t i g a t e d s i n c e 1550 h a v e , however, been used f o r t h e b r i e f a n a l y s i s a p p e a r i n g i n Appendix

A.

Graphs, F i g s . A - 1 , ' A--2 and

A - 3 ,

show 'cl?e frecluency d i s t r i b u t i o n of f i r e s by ( a ) rnonth ' ( b ) d a y of' week and ( c ) h o u r of d a y , r e s p e c t i v e l y .

I n a . d d i t i o n , o t h e r rniscell.aneous d a t a on t h e f i r e s by occupancy a r e presenLed i n T a b l e

A-1.

It s h o u l d be emphasized t h a t t h i s a n a l y s i s

i l l u s t r a t e s t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n

of'

o n l y t h o s e f i r e s which have been investiga-Led by tlne F'ire .Research S e c t i o n and dcies no'i; a p p l y t o f i r e s i n g e n e r a l .

( i i i )

One change i n n o n i e i ~ c l a t u r e h a s been i n c o r p o r a t ; e d i n t h i s r e p o r i ;

i n

Lhat we now d e s i g n a t e t h e f l o o r w h i c h i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y

a.L ground l e t r e 1 a.u t;he "f irs'c f l o o r " r a t h e r t h a n t h e "t;rouizd

f.l.oi;r" and t h e i ' l o o r above t h e " f i r s t f l o o r " a s t h e " s e c o n d f l o o r " . Consequei?t:L;y, 'Table A-1, which i i z c l u d e s m i s c e l l a n e o u a d a t a on

a l l

f i r e s h a s i)eel-i rnodif f e d .

The building r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e c a p t i o n f o r . e a c h suuilnarjr i s al.vrays tl-lat ;.n which t h e f r i r e o r i g i n a t e d . The l o s s e s r e p o r t e d

refer

nol; on1.y 'LO tl1is bu.il.ciing bu'c a l s o Lo a n y o-ti-lers i n v o l v e d

i n t h e f i r e . 'The f i g u r e s

given

a r e o n l y a p p r o x i t n a J ~ e v a l u e s and may v a r y c o n s i d e r a b l y from t h e a c t u a l losses s u s t a i n e d . 'They 2 r e

DBR _{. - -} l!'lt3E STU.UY

NO.

_~-

g 5 5

_--

D i e

0 . i r e : ig J a n u a r y 1 9 5 5 - - - - -- - -. - - - - No. _- of S t o r e y s : I _{.-- .-} ( EST ) L o c a t i o n : . . - - - . - . - Ot%a.wa, Ont

.

Day of Week:

--

--

-- Wednesday E s t i m a t e d L o s s : $ 4 0 , 0 0 0 --- ----

BOWLING

ALLEY - pp-

GENERAL. - - - . - -- The c i n d e r - b l o c k b u i l d i n g was 1 2 0 f e e t i n l e n g t h , 4 0 f e e t

i n wid t k i , and one s t o r e y i n h e i g h t . The b u i l d i n g w a s used a s a

bowllj?g al:Ley, wii;h a srlack b a r 1.oca.Led a t t h e f r o n t e n t r a n c e . A rloorn I n i;he basement aL .the f roni; of 'che b u i l d i n g acconunodated t h e o i l . - h e a ' c i n t ; s y c t e t n .

A t

approximately 1 a.m. a n e x p l o s i o n o c c u r r e d i n Lhc f r o n t s e c t i t o n of t h e b u i l d i n g b l o w i n g ou'c. 'che windows w h i c h a . ' i t r a . c t e d Lhe a t t e n t i 0 1 1 of t h e n e i g h b o u r s ( F i g .

: L )

.

Da'c e

'I

_-- 3.me T e m p . ( ' ~ ) _{- .-} - I ( ) Wind ( M P I I )

J a n

.

10 12 p.rn.EST 1 2

65

S.W.12

J a n . 1 9 I a .rfl.EST J. l

65

S.bJ.15

J a n .

1.9

2 a.rn.ESl' 1 0

6

'7

S.W.15

CONSTRUC'I' I O N _--

F l o o r s : Wood j o i s t s on s L e e l bearns; hardwood on a l i t e y s o.ver . - . . - . - -

s o f t f l o o r i n g .

C e i l i n g : Wood f ribreboard s q u a r e s ; a:Luminwn f o i l i n s u l a t Ton.

I;i 21.1 ll. Y : C i n d e r b l o c k s t u c c o e d on o u t s i d e ; i n t e r i o r wood f i b r e b o a r d .

Roof _{.. ..-. . --} : 'Tar a n d g r a v e l on

7/8

i n c h t o n g u e and g r o o v e , r e s t i n g on b a r j o i s t s ,

18

i n c h e s d e e p .

SPREAD

OF' F I R E . - The o r i g i n of t h e Pl.rae was i n t h e v i c i n i t y of - t h e o i l

T..

u r n a c e roorll, l o c a ' s e d u n d e r Lhe f r o n i ; s e c t i o n . T h e f i r e s p r e a d up t h e o p e n s t a i r c a . s e -Lo Lhe f i r s t f l o o r a , i g n i t i n g Lhe I n t e r i o r brood f i n i s h a n d ca.u.s j-ng c o n s i d e r a b l e damage.

REMARICS: - The b u i l d i n g w a s n o t e q u i p p e d wi'ch a n a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n systerrl and Lhe delay i n d i s c o ; i e r y p e r r r l i t t e d a h e a v y c o n c e n t r a t i o n of g a s e s t o b u i l d u p w i t h i n t h e b u i l d i n g .

DBR

FIRE

STUDY

NO.

2 / 5 5

Date

of F i r e :

20

January

1955

Loeat

i o n :

Ottawa

Ovlt ,

Time of Alarm:

2 . 5 5

a.m, (EST)

Day

of"

Week:

Thusaday

N o -

cf

S t o r e y s :

2

~ s t i m a t e d

Loss

: $ 2 0 0 ~ 000

RESTAURANT

GENERAL.

-

The two-storey wood-frame b u i l d i n g

was

approximateby

25

f e e t

i n

width,

50

f e e t i n l e n g t h and

w a d

used

as

a

x s t a u r a n t ,

There

was

K O

one

i n

t h e b u i l d i 5 g

a t

t h e time

of

t h e

f l z > s ,

PTI~.c,o~:.s

t o

d i s c o v e r y cf

t h e

f i r e i t was r e p o r t e d

that.

moke

was

seeit

cic::'_,-g

f z o ~

mder t h e eaves of t h e

roof

of t h e b u f l d b ~ g ~

but

no

s c t i o -

was

t a k e n until flames were n o t i c e d

i n

t h e r o o f ,

T9e building x-d

c o n t e n t s

were

d e s t r o y e d , w i t h a d j a c e n t b u s i n e s s

ewtablish-a.,erdts

and apartments i n t h e

b u s i n e s s

block r e c e i v i n g c c n s i d e s a b l s

dazsge

(ang.

3 1 .

WEATHER DATA

Date

-

-

Time

_Temp,

_(OF.)

_-

_R,H,l%J

_Wind

-

_...-

_[MPX' -o

-..

. .L

.kac, 2 0

2

a,m.

EST

9

62

S,td,L7

Jan.

20

3

a.m,

EST

8

62 S , W , L ~ ~

,Yar,.

2 0

4

a.m. EST

7

62

S.W

,S?

CONSTRTJCTION

-

The

buildi.ng

wars

c o n s t r u c t e d

sf

mixed

~*.at,er:.q."Ls;

th'e

f s o ~ t

w a l l

was

b r i c k ,

and

t h e r e m a i q i ~ g

extexlliorJ wali.3

w8er,-a

ffni.ahed w l t h wood

sid$rtg

QFig04). The

intaT.nfs?-

f l c r o ~ w , wa12..3 :a:?;'

ce'l.l$rigs

w e x

f

i . r i s h e d

wl'..th

2,ornbustible

make~Lals,

SPEkEAD

OF

FI-rlE -

The

-C?Ire

(arl.gbnated

br?

t h e

"Dasensnt, sr:.J.

involved

??&?

whole

b u i l d e r g * spseadirig t~

a d j a c m t

pperis51;

& ? F ' ~ r n ?

be

Zng

e x t i z , g - ~ l

a3ed

,

REMARKS

- T,le

b u r l d i n g

was

of t h e

o l d e r c l a s s

i n

tQe cItgp

c o n s t ~ ~ , c t r e c t

zabplTy of wcod.

The

f m n t

e x t e r i o r

wail

cf f

he

b?,j.L.2:.:.-.g

had. b ~ e 2

en:rexved w l t h - , ~ i t ~ ~ l . i t e

maten~ial

ext+endlng

k o

t h e sidewalk:

and ex,-,%ud!,.,~,g

the

cellas w.indews.

This

w c d e r s

t r e n d

i p n _ '5:2113%ng

res,ou.at ?,on

ha53

made f i r e d e t e c t

%on

and extlmgu,i&ment

wose

diZf

d -

c u l t

( F i g , , 3 ] ,

Complete

demolition

of t h e

b u f l d i n g was

n e o a s 3 a : ~ g

,,. ,, , - - ? \ .

I i ~ f , : ~ l ~ , p , ~ . ,

.

- ,l'j-lc: i-,~;! ~1 -- s 6 i).y(>:y 1.1 i 1. i,:! i 1-1

t;

p,:; ,, :, ;>,l:jlji-i)>,: : ~ ~ j i y , L

c

-Ly ~ C J f

c

t; 3-11 id 0 11

,

- - -- -

I.

,

j.' t i; I 1 I I : i r ! : . I"i?c:: l)uid.d.Lri~ was c o n c i ; r l ~ , , L z d >,

. .

! . . . i i ; l l i , ~ . . l i , <:oiil;).~.eiec c&ll;tr.s. l 2 . ~ : ~ i l . \ / : j . o ~ ! ~ L i ; Lhe f:i.re,i;'ile ov:i?er., v.rh~> GC(:C:~,~_C:C?

i; 1

,

I:-; << :: 1; E; i(:l k, 01' hlf: ,

> .

ul-zril;.d i . i r ; j , :I-n.t:.ia?.letl

a

l-lcji, --air f u r . m c e , vv.hici-1 r ; l l . o t : ~ d

J - i . ; . ; L i ( ? ~ : i c ; ; ; ~ ~ : ) . ~ - , ( ; ( ~ 't~c;L~,'~ecll fi.x-~:.;L, fIl-(,ol- jo1sL:; :311~; Llle ~ ' u ~ ~ ~ a . c e .

i . ; ~ ~ : j ~ ~ y p L ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ , l < , -. The i>uf:l.a-ing consi;pl;ctcr;'il of l,.jcjod. ;l1hc o [ ~ . ' t < . ' . " '

- - - -- - - -- - .- dILle w ~ I I L s

\.,. (., I; ::l-lc:;. k.llt?d w . i t . i l 1rnri.ta.t-!.or1 bi.ic1.c a n d t h e pli.Lchei.1 r o o f '

wa::

co~iel7ed. \ ~ : i i ; l l

L I , ; ( 1 .

6).

Il-l'Lerlor wa1.l.s and cej.].ir.,g:; weye L;Lt)l ; l l ~ d . i-I ~ l ~ i TI L c : ~ , j.1:l.~je~(2<j

.

DFR

_{-. . . . .. -. -} Vl.RE Sil'liIlY _{- - - - - - - - .-}

NO.

Ll[>> --a- . - - - .- . .-

Dnbe of lpirle :

-. . -. - --- -- - 1 F e b r u a r y

lg:j5

--- Locai.. i o n :

Clttawa,

Ont

.

Day of Week: -.-- .--- ~ 'I' uc :3 d a y EsLlirnated L o s s :

$75,000

-- -. - .- - . -. - .. ROW

I-IOUSING

--- GENEIIAL. - The t w o - s t o r e y

L

- s h s p e d b u i l d i n g w a s b u t l t a t t h e 5 . n t e r s e c L i o n --

of'--TGG-s Lree

t

s ( ~ ' l g s

.

9 ,

3.0, 112

)

,

a n d p r o v i d e d accon.i~noda'~ lor1

for

a p p r o x i n l a ' i e l y

60

p r s o n s . Wood, o i l o r e l e c . t ; r i c a l u n i t s were used by t h e o c c u - p a n t s I n e a c h clr~re .L:l.ing t o p r o v i d e

heai;

i n g

and

c o o k i n g f a c i l - i t i e s

.

OverJ.oaciirig oof e l e c t r i c a l c i r c u i t s i n sorrie of t;l~e d w e l l i n g s c r e a L e d p r e v i o u s t r o u b l e .

Date

_{- -}

T

_-- irne _{--- T'enipJ}

_--

_{O F ) -} R . H . -. -

-

- - ( $ ) .- . . _{Wind QIPI-1) --}

F e b . L 3.1 a. .rn.ESil'

5

68

Id

.

E

.

'7

F E - : ~ . 1 1 2 EI. rn

.

ES1.C 2

68

N.E.-J

Peb. .1

.u1.~s1r

0

6

;,? ,y

.E

11

CONSTRUCTION. - 'The br.5.ck-veneered b u i l d i n g exi;ended 110 f e e t e a s t ; arid

70

7--

Leel; so~,i=-Gn Lwo s t r e e t s ( ~ i g .

9).

'rhe f l a t r o o f

was

c o v e r e d w i t 1 2

bar

and g:.r.al~el. I n t e r i o r con:;i;r~uction wa.s wood, l a t h r-tn~i p?.as'cer. An open a t t i c s p a c e e x t e n d e d t h e lelngtll

of

t h e b u i l d I . n g .

SPREAD OF F I R E . - 'l'he

_-

_- f i r e o r i g i n a t e d i n t11e

attic

a p a c e between r o o f and c:e-iTi.rlg in t h e c e n t r e of t h e b u i l d i n g . There

were

no p a r a p e t e d f i r e

wa.Lls s e i ~ a r a L i r l ; ~ , t h e oil j o i n 3 . n ~ d w e l l i n g s which p e r m i t Led t h e f i r e t o i n v o l v e the e r ~ i , i r e buildiil~ (14'ig. 12

)

.

b<ErJ' _IHIZKS. n _{- Crovdtleii l i v i n g ; c o r i d i t i ~ r ~ s}

W ~ T ' C cvitleni; .ill niosi; of' tile

-- -- --- . - -.

ciwelling:; and

a

inurr~ber of e _ i - e c t r i c a l un:ii;s were b e i n g useci i n roorns. 'l'he t i m e of c1a.y had a

s

i g n i f l c a n t unf art; ulnabe e f f ccL on Lhe o v e r ~ l o a c l i n g

of

e l c c ' i r i c : a l circuiLs

.

' J h l s c o ~ l d l L i o n b e e n r'ound on p r e v i o u s o c c a s i o n s bu'c

no

c?ct;Io~i t a k e n .

Dl33 F I l G

STUDY

_--- NO.

5

[

>

5

_-.-

D n ~ c of F i r ~ :

13

February 15125 -- L o c a t i o n :

Oi;

Lalva, On'c

.

No.

of

5 ' C ~ ) ~ ' e j r g : -- ---

-

2 Day of Weelc: ---- L uniiay

Es

t i r n a t e d Loss :

$30,

COO ---.--

i - 'i'he t w o - s t o r e y b u i l d i n g was a p p r o x i m a t e l y 25 f ' e e i i n wridi;h, -." -- - -.

'40 .L'c;iit. in l e n g t h , a.nd w a s being u s e d a s

a

f a c t o r y f ' o r rnaking ~ ; O S ' L L U I I ~

J Q u . a n J ~ i ' ~ i e s of illf larnn~able m a t e r i a l s w e ~ e s l; orcd and 1Tl:ixed i.i.1 t h e scconc-; f l i j o r . The owner s a i d t h a t he kiai-i v i a i ' i e u L h e p r e ; ~ l i s c s

c ; , , y l i e l a L O ;iIc Llie S u r n a . c e . The fire was d i s c o v e l - e d by :a p a s s e r - by ~;l~cl-~ 11-e 2nd srnolcc lb.;c:i',:. visible i n t h e b ~ i l d i ~ i g .

>/SATl!El{ DA'I'A - -

--

-. -. - - - D a i e - - - 'l'irne -- 'I'elup ( O F ) -. ---..- 1-3 , li ,

(

$5

)

- Wind .. -. . -

-

- (!ill'~-i) -. - .. -- %'e 1 L " . I . - J

7

p . r a . ~ ~ l f - ~i

38

s

. L J .

1.3

PC L) 1-13

8

p.m.EST

- 3

38

2 ,kJ.

16

/).

10e i j

.

1 'z;

9

p.lli.L;SI' -- 2 J 1

s

.

\(I

16

CO?~;b'i'liUC:i'J_OI\1. _{. ._--, ---}

-

The frame b r i c k - v e n e e r b u i l d i n g haci a flat r o o 1 cover.ed

t j i X 1 1 i,ar and g r a v e l . D u r i n g

a

b u l l d i n g a l t e r a L l o l . 1 2. r1ei.i ri)i~l' 1-1a.d bceii

;~..!!acc~l o v e r t h e o l d one !..eavlrig

a

l a r g e open a t L i c :;pace ljeLwet.r~ Llle twc.) r o o f : z . 1ili;eri:il- f i n i c h of ~ 1 : 1 1 1 3 , c e i l i n g s a n d l.)ar'l;iL-i.ons vjc;;-j C O I ~ ~ ' ~ > \ . L : ; i; li.b_).e b o a r d

.

2i11iL'',j? [Iil;' l;'Xfl]< - 'The f i1.e opi,pEnal;ed in tl1e vjood f l o o r j o i s t s i l l ~ i ~ ~ e - , -. . --

- -

-- -

2 ,.> L I ilt2 r 1 3 i e I? i h e f u r ~ i a c e , and :jj.jrend u1.1 between ihe w a l l Joists Lo 'ii?t"ui,i;-i:: Sjjci.i:e bei;:i,reen i;lle ~ L V O roof^.

'The

cj:peii a i t i c :;pact L.L.LI.~.CCY i;llti ~ ~ ( . j ( j i ' r;.i.l.o-~i~i! L1ie Y i r e 'LO eiii;erid, che ler1g'~h of l i e u l i ; ( 1 . l j

ar~ci

.L

)

.

'

.

- Tile lni:<in?; a n d

s

i; o r a g e of ii?f lar~unable rr~;l.Lcr~ials on ihe

- . . . ~

secorld i'loora af i;h:is b u l l c l i n g i r l f l u e n c e d tile f i r e siji-,eacf. 'l'he bri.lnf?

L o c z t i o n :

.- . - - -

-

- -

Y1ii,le 31' A I ~ Y ' C ~ :

7-50

p.m.

(EST)

Day of _-.--- ;;i~.:;:!i: ' J L ~ ~ s d a y

PRULT WAREHOUSE _--

CIiNEilA L .

-

'l'he b u i l d i n g w a s 'CWO s t o r e y s i n height

,

al:)pro,.;i~~ia-Lely- ,O

7-T----

J. e e if i r - 1 :,rlclLll aiid 1 0 0 f e e t i n leng.Lh, a n d wa.s u s e d i ' a r '~lic stol-age of ptr'_:;h;ble f r u i i ; . On 'che d a y of t h e f i r e repairas w e r e rnadc t o t h e

h c : t ~ ~ i i n g i ~ i l i t arid t h e o l l d i s c n a r g ; e r l o z z l e was i n c r e a s e d i n size i'r+onl

:L25

L O 15u g,al.Loi~s per h o u r . 'This i n c r e a s e i n 011 cvt~:;wnptIon rimy have b e e n r c s g ~ l l s i b l e f o r o v e r l r ~ e a t ing t h e sysJl;em.

The

l'ii-e wss c i l s c o v e r e d i6,iiicn

tile ol;;ll,er iiisiLec'l t h e b u f l d i n g t o c h e c k Lhe hea-Ling sys'ieii-1.

1 ; j E A ~ I i i ~ l ~ JI>ArJA

- . . . .--- - . - -- .

3a.i e

T

iri~e 'Te11.1p ( O F

)

l3.H.

($1

\dirnd ( w m ~ l )

- - . . . -- -- - - -. - - A l l 1

1:'. L; . ' u . 13

7

p .m.ESrl'

13

'7

.i 3.3.6

7.71 .J ~, .

L ' L I J . 12

8

p. ril .ESIY 111. 7: 1 S . E . ? 7

p p b

-

-L5

9

p lrl

15

71.

S.z.5

~ONSrl'RT.IC'J?ION. - T h e b r i . c k a n d masonry b u i l d l i l - i g had a P l a i ; r o o f c o v e r z d . - -- -. -- - - - .- .

r,!li;l.1 3.fid ; < r a v e l . I'lle r o o f alld f l o o r s u p p o ~ i ; ~ vacr.i:: ~ . ~ o o c i J o i s is,

. ,

~ * t ; l . ? . GJ:L;~I.JL?~I-~~ p l a i ~ k

floor in^.

- -

f'lr-acr;ien l o ' j L i . ~ : l l . , e Li~e build.irlp;. The

fire

;;i.!re;~ij ;!p the open t:'le ,d;l.i;al-

L o c a t i o n :

----

;y I r/l 0 . I

6.3'7

p.m. (EST)

- -

--

- -

-

-- - - .----

Day

of' Weel::

Sa

t u r ~ i a y

',

,,

E s i ; inla bed L o s s : COO ---

CEiLTERAL. - '1'1113 t w o - s t a r e y b u i l d i n g ::was

60

f e e t i n leng.Lh,

13

f e e t i n w l c i Ll?, i?.rld housed a r e t a i l clo-Lhlng ::Lore

.

'1'11s s e c o n d f l o o r

n ccom:aodat eci ap~r-Lmeni; dwe l i i n g s

.

Shor.Liy

af

'L e r s t or>? c l o s ring t i ~ n e

,

.i'irc t.ras u i s c o v e r e d a t t h e r e 3 . r of tile b u i l d i r l g , forcliill; tl.12 occupan'is

ol'

;;l.-i.z api?rbr~~c:?'c;s a b a v e 'LO m a k e a h a s t y e s c a p e . F i r e and wa-i;er c a u s e d

coi.?aider:-l.blie darnage t o aci j a c e n . t s t o r e s .

CO>JS"" ' .. ,, -1 - -

).ilUC.L

.LON'.

-

Tl1e b u . i l d l n 5 was b r i c k v e n e e r , arood f rame

,

w

i t k : :vood

--- .- - - -

J O.'LS i; : j . l l j i?;irldii~o(,i\ f 1 0 0 ~ ~ -

.

'l'lie f l a - c r o o f was c o n ~ t r u c - b e d of 1,vood plaillc

criver8ci; ;~.i'iil I r i i l l i i -.up

rsoJ?

coverj-rig, on w h i c h war, p l a c e d 'car :tnd g r a v e l .

I l:,jo I :;ic.y.i-j-gl-1-i; :; we1.c: i n 2 i;a.]..!e?l i n 'ihe r o o f a i ~ d 110 Lj;:~7:'tlyete(f f T ~ c ; ' w a i l s

(2 I .>:=- :I LC!(; L l ~ l s buT1c;lrig from t h e f'o~ir ~ ~ d J o j . n l n t - , , s.Lores ( ~ i g , . 16 )

.

t3

sl:'i{zAjj Cl? Pli$L; - 'file f'Lpe gailled c c j l l c - j d e r ~ b l e

h e a + $ ~ a j

i n t h e r e a p s e c t i o n

-- - -. - . - -. . -- -

02' i;i.ie ,> <::i;or'e, ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ l l ; ; j - : l ~ iqj i;jle v;all.s t o i;hc ulloccupietj ui;i;-c s p a c e ~ilzde

r

~l~~ lQu3y c,i+ ' I ; i i . I'i; w a s necessary t o make cc. .,..Ling and roof

oL?enlng:, i i - i ;.ile a.d j o;i;ii.n~ s t o r e s t o exi; i n g u i s h 'che f i r e

.

RZf:!AIIIC=;.

-

'l'i;ne had, a sri.sriii'icani; efl't'ect on t h i s f I r e :IS Lkic s t o r e

---

.-

r.,ja; L ; . I ~ O ~ C ~!~-)lei: LJe~a,nf '- "' i i ~'the ~ P i r ' e t o s p r e a d uncic;,i:,:;ti;ii. In!i,roper

l'uSiilr, 111 eLec k r i ~ a l c i r c uii'

c;l ,.; v;as

a

p i j . a s i b i e c , ~ u s e

L/. 6%' i k t , ~ f i r e . 1;eavy

c . ol--;,,> e oL'

,J L- ., inf'lami;-~elle 1;:ai;erial:: a t t h e reax> o r t h e s Lore p r o v i d e d f u e l

lILd1 b1II<Ji _--- S'llUDY NO. _--

Date

oC l+'ille:

-

- 28 iTebpuary

1955

--- L o c a t i o n : Ottawa, OnJc

.

T ~ I I I C o r A l a r ~ n : l.j12 p . m . (EST)

--- Day of Week: Monday

No. c)f Sl;dr.eys: _-- 2 _EutimaJced

_-

_{Loss: $ 5 5 , 0 0 0}

A PAR'I'MEN'I'S

AND

RETAIL STORES

. _--- GEIJERAL. - The b u i l d i n g was two s'coreys i n h e i g h t , 50 f e e t i n w i d t h a~-ltJ 100 f'ee'c i n l e n g t h . The f i r s t f l o o r

was

o c c u p i e d by r e t a i l s t o r e s w i 611 c-11-~ar'clnents and o f f i c e s on t h e second f l o o r ( p i g . 1 7 )

.

Repal--'-# L r,

13rcl-e b e i n g niade on t h e raoof of a o n e - s t o r e y addi'cion a t t h e r e a r of t h e

b u i l - d i n g . A w0rkma.n c a r e l e s s l y p l a c e d a g a s o l i n e f e e d b l o w t o r c h a g a i n s t

Ll?e i 7 e n r w a l l , i g n i t i n g zhe woodwork ( ~ i g .

1 8 ) .

C o n s i d e r a b l e

smoke

and

w a l ; e r darnage wa.s caused i n the i n b e r i o r of t h e b u i l d i n g .

DaLe

-. -- T ilne ~ e r n ~ ( O F ' ) R . H . --.

($)

Wind ( M P ~ - I ) --

F e b . 2 8 1 p .m.ES'T

29

59

S.E.1

F e b . 28 2 p.m.EST

31

58

s.4

~ e b . 2 8

3

p.m.EST

32

56

S.W.2

CONS?'liUC1i'ION. - The wood-frame b u i l d i n g i s b r i c l c v e n e e r on t;he f i - o r ~ t wa.11,

w i J ~ h . L ' J ~ ~ c K v e n e e r and p l a s t e r on t h e s i d e w a l l s . 'The r 2 e a r w a l l was s h e a t h e d

w i L h meLa1. The f l a t r o o f l?ad t a r and g r a v e l o v e r r o o f c o v e r i n g . A une-

si;ol-,ey mauoilry a d d i t i o n was b u i l t

a t

t h e r e a r of t h e b u i l d i n g ( F i g .

1 8 ) .

Sl'IIEAD OF FIRE.

-

The f i r e origina:Led i n t h e r e a r w a l l of t h e main b u i l d i n g , and ~ ) ~ ~ > c a d L o t h e unoccupied a t t i c s p a c e between r o o f and c e i l i n g .

Ol.jenii~gs were made i n 'che r o o f and c e i l i n g s on 'che second f l o o r Lo e ; < t i n . v u i s h d 'che f i r e .

' _-- REMAilICS. _-- - C a r e l e s s n e s s i n p l a c i i ~ g t h e l i g h t e d t o r c h a g a i n s i t h e s L e e l

:;hc;ii;i?ing which conducLed heat; t o t h e wood-frame w a l l was t h e predornina.nl; fac.Lor i n c a u s l l ~ g 'chc S i r e . Delay i n d e t e c Lj-on and a t i;c:rnpted e x t i n ~ d i s h m e n t

by -the workn1a.n permit-Led Lhe f i r e t o s p r e a d i n t h e open a L t i c s p a c e u n d e r t h e rcol".

1)i;'ii L~'.I i:.i!.' ~ . , . V U ~ ) Y ldd .-..

$LZ!-j.

-- _- . _{. .. . .. -. .- - - .-}

I )

J:.; L C : ,.i'-i.~*c. : (.-

3

:' c-2 b 1% IJ ij, 1 9 .j

5

: I , O C ~ ~ ~ C J ~ I : O [ i i , ; i , t , ~ ~ ~ , C ~ C I L

.

-. -- .~ - -- --

,.i' ~.ILL,:; ..).(.I A :.l.::i.l-a~i~ : 2.:,0 p . i o (ES;.~') Day

. . . - - -- -- of' - Wi;c'k: - . - . i,,'i (J ~1 c i 7). ,y

- - - .. . . - .

f,Ji,. y;{;oyays: ;I E y . t i l I l ~ i ; e ~ L ~ s i ; : ;bJ-b,b(,O

- .. ----

r,- T T ~ > .

I .

-

' T ~ c ! / ; i i ~ o - s f ; ~ r ~ e y t~ooil-i'rarrle b u i l d i n g i s 1 0 0 f e e t i n lenc;tli

:.:i\:.i JC) S'ce i i n b\ri.dl;h, c l i v idecl i11'~o 'r;hree f'amri.1-.j r e s i d e n c e s

.

'l'lie i'il-o

!,~;$n ~ . ~ I . i . ; ~ , c c ~ v r e d when

a

pas:;e:r--by n o t i c e d s~-ilol<e a n d f i r e

a t

r e a r of

i ; i l < > ~'e:-;iJ<-:i~i;e or1 t h e eas'l; end of t h e b u i l d i n g ( p i g .

19).

D;:te

-- -- 'I' i rr~ e --- ~ e ~ r i p c -- 19 --

R.I~.M

Wind ( ~ l ~ i l )

CONS1.CRUCTION,

-

Tlze b u i l d i i z g w a s c o n s t r u c t e d of wood, b u j - l t on a rriasoiiry founda'cion. Mood sidi-lzg was u s e d f o r e x ' c e r i o r f i i z i s h oil w a l l :t'rc;,n~lng. The f l a k r o o f was c o v e r e d w i t h

Lar

a n d c ; r a u e l . A

lanebray e i i t r a n c e was c o n s t r u c t e d t h r o u g h tlze b u i l d i n g t o p r o ; l i d e

a c c e s s to the r e a r of t h e t i w e l l i n g ( ~ i g . 1 9 ) .

SlrSlriIAD Oip F'IIQ.

-

The f l i r e was c a u s e d by a n overhea.Led tiood s t o v e i n the

nichen.--=-

end d w e l l i n g and s p r e a d t o t h e w a l l s , ceilings a n d ai;i;fc s p a c e ulzc'ier Lhe r o o f . C o n s i d e r a . b l c f i r e a n d w a t e r darnage bras cau.sed Lo

t i l e i n t e r i o r of t h e d w e l l . i n g . The a d j o i n i n g h o u s e s s u r f e r e d f ronl srnolte

cziici vratcr>.

i3EPlAKIiS. - 'The f'irie s p r e a d ur1deteci;ed i n t h e i n t e r i o r of t h e d w e l l i n g -

i l ' u e 7 o t l z e a b s e n c e of t h e occupa.n.Ls. The c l o s e p r o x i m i t y of t h e ~~.clJa.ceiz;i buildini;~ ( D i g . 1 9 ) d e l a y e d e a r l y d e ' i e c L i o n of LFE f i r e a t t i l e r e a r .

NO. of S t o r e y s :

3

-- --

LocaLlol?:

_-

O t t a w a , OnL. Day

of

IrJcek: Sunday

E s t il~iated. L o s s : :$LOO, 000 - - --- - .- -.

HETA I L SllORE , A PAHTPIENTS AND OFFICES

L,.

- The b u i 1 d . j . n ~ w a s

';O

f eeL i.n w i d t h , 100 See i;

:in

1ungi;ll a n d

-. t

S-I;OIY,T~S i.n kieigh'c. A r e t a i l c l o k h i n g ::'ci;oi-e o c c u d i e d

t1.1~

f.j.l-si

Lhe ~ ( ~ c o r i d a n d t h i r d

floors

h a d n . y a . r i ; n i e n and o f f Lczs

.

'L'lle

i':lr,c iii,?.r; i j i s c : j u e r e d w l l e n siiloke e n - c e r e d t h e aparLmei?L 011 t h e t l l i r d f'loo!-.

'I'l-ie T i r e i n v o l v e d t h ~ e n t i r e b u i l d i n g , c a u s i n g c o n s i d e r a , b l e damage L i !

n c l j o l i n i n ~ ;

s

Lore

s

arld a p a r t m e n t s by s~nolte and wa-ter

.

Temp

('3

- .- -- 11.

H

.hi)

- -- Wind (MPli) - .

24

76

S.E.4

CC;NSii'RUCTIOI\J.

-

The

f r a m e b u i l d i n g wa.s c o n s L r u c t e d of mixed. masonry. 'The 7

i 0 T a L

- 7 - ru0.i: 3

-T1.d

a

bar and g r a . v e l c o v e r i n g w i t h slcyl.ig11'c;s i r i s t a l l e d . Steel

t.)eams

s u p p o r t e d t h e woocZ f l o o r s . Wal.Ls and c e i l i . r i g s were l a t h a n d p l a s t e r

f i n j..sh

.

S i ' F E A D Ob' FIRl?. . - The f i r e o r i g i n a t e d i n t h e basemen i; of t h e b u i l d i n g and

sljrt';~d u-0 The wall:; Lo t i l e u n o c c u p i e d a t t l c s p a c e , involiril?g Lhe e l i b f r e l ~ u i . L ~ . i i n ~

.

A

.

-

'l'l~ris i s cine of' t h e o i d e r b u i l d i r i ~ r ; in tl2e c i t y , wl-~ere p r e v i o u s f.';laes E a v e o c c u r r e d . 'illle time and d a y

were.

f ' i i c t o r s i n

che

late d i s c o v e r y

c 1 r e . E n t r a n c e t o 'chv a p a r t m e n t s arid okLI'rices on Lhe u p p e r f l o o r s

~,qa:; nracle b y

a.

wide woc)den s t a . i r c a s e which pernilt-Led Llle r a p i d r i s e of'

IIi

I?

I1l.Z S'i'L!

:DY

N

0

.

---

1115

5

]>;I. i;c uf 1l'i.l.e :

-~

4.

f i p r i l

l g i j 5

---.--- LocaL i o n : Hawlce ~ b u r y ,

Ont

.

' l ' j . i ~ i c ~ ci. A:Lai7r~l: 11.. 30 p . n i . (ES'I!)

- -- - D;,y .---- o f Toire: - I\,:onciay

N c j .

or Ztoyeys:

3

Bsi;ir,lai;cd L o s s :

$75(j,()OO

.- .- -- - - - .- -- - - - ---

RE'I'A

IL

_{.. -}

ST

ORES

AND

A

PAR.'J?I\'iENTS

_-

_{-- -}

I N L . - Tlze c.iar:j'c f i r e i n i;he k ~ l s t o r y

of

IJawlcesbury d e s - t r o y e d

a n

-- _(?I-L.- 7r , . ~ r e -7 .- - .

~ - business bloclc apl)ro.~rinia'l;ely 1.50 f e e t squa.1-e ( ~ i g . 2 I ) , c o m p r i s i n g

i' u ~ ? i i i L u r e

,

c l.o'i;l?.irig ant; j e v ~ l l e r y ; I

t

u1.e arid. a. f u n e r a l home

.

s par

tlnent s

v~ei-c? :Loca.i;ed a.bovc some :.,f . ~ n e s t o r e s . Heat frolll t h e f i r e rn,dj.a.cecl a. :!isi;aiice of

75

f e e t and .E'l.yin& e m b e r s c a u s e d f i r e s i n 1~1aizy of t;he wood-

curlsi;~.-uctcd.. h u l l d i n g s i r i the

; I . ~ ~ c ~ u .

It was d i f f i c u l t l o r Lhe v o l u l t e e r

f'_i.re cicpar'cliieni; L o cope w i k l - i bile rap:icl s p r e a d of' i l - ~ e f i r e .

oat

e

-- . . - -- -- '1 i ~ n e - 'Temp

---

(

" ~ 1

R.14. --

(fl

Wind --- (PlPl-I)

cONS'TRUCTIUN, - The b u s i n e s s tilvcit con,.;:is'i;ed of' two-.sLc_rrey f r a m e b u i i d i n g s . ,

---

b ~ j i l ' ~ o ? - i i E c d rna.i;criaLs ( 1 4 ' ~ ~ .

23).

SPREAD

OF

1i1lRL'.

-

T h e

fire

orit,ivl:ited 1 1 1 Llie ba:jeme~l.t of

a

c l o b h i r l g s t o r e

Tr.'

1 1 ~ ; s . 2 0

and

2 2 ) , locatci.1 i n ille c e n . t r e of t l i e b:Loc!:, a n d s p r e a d rapidly

t o t h e aciJ oinIi.ll~; !.;r~o(i. cot,lzi i , ~ ~ u c i ; 5 o n , de;-;l;r.o;y irlg L h e ent; i r e ;;f;c s t u r e s

.

1 - Tiine

wa:; a

.f':~c:;c)r j.ri ilre cle:La.~~ed d i s c o v e r y of t h i s f i r e .

7- _{(,ot1iTiTXiE)1t?} -

iila:i.er:i.a.J.s US^-.^( 3.l-1 .li.in con:;i:r~.~.ci;.i(.~ri of i;l1{: a . d j a c e n l ; bui:Ldiizg::;

Di3li

l+'IIi~

!'SIIUI)Y --- N O .

_lQj5

_-- No. of SLorc:yz: 2 Locat i o n :

----

Day of Week: - - Sunday

Eskimated Loss: ;i;5,00O

- ----

GZNERAL. - The b u i l d i n g , f orrflerly

a

fa.mlly r e s i d e n c e , had been conver'ced

--

i n L'our apa.rkinent;s accoin;itodat;ing f i f t e e n p e o p l e . ~ ~ T h e f i r e occurred i n n c1o:;ecl s i d e verandah,u33d as

a.

s t o r e roorn, c a u s i n g considerab1.e damage

t o t h e r e a r s e c t i o n of t h e b u i l d i n g b e f o r e b e i n g d e t e c t e d by a p o l i c e o f f i c e r on pnLro1.

Date _--

'F

irr~e _-'Temp _-( O F

)

R.11.

($)

w

_---- i n q ~ ~ l l j

-

Apr .10

3

a . rn. ES'T

Apr

.

1.0

4

a

.in. ES'I'

Apr

.

1 0

5

a.m.EST

C0N$'l'RUCr1'IGl\I.

-

'l'lle t h r e e - - s t o r e y - frame b r i c k v e n e e r b u i l d i n g was

- 7--

~ I . ~ ~ I I

75

. T e e i I I i n l e n g t h , 50 f e e l ; i n w i d t h , w i t h ~

a

p i t c h e d r o o f c o v e r e d wiLh asbes.Los s h i n g l e s . A wood verandah w a s a L t a c h e d Lo t h e

wcsL

s i d e of t h e d w e l l i n g .

SPREAD OF F I H E . - 'The fire o ~ i g i n a L e i - 1 i n t h e s i d e v e r a n d a h . It s p r e a d t o

-r- ---

c 5 G e a v e s u.nuerl t h e r o o f of i;llc: d w e l l i n g and e n b e r e d t h e a t t i c s p a c e

bt-;ti.;~jci~ Li-.:e roof and c e i l i n g of .Lhe t h i r d f l o o r aparLnzen'~ b e f o r e be i11g

cxt; i n ~ ~ ~ . i . s l ~ e c l

.

]<EJvlJ, Ii1;'S

.

- l?r(? v i 0 1~s f'i r e c% I n this a r e a were of

a

s u s p i c i o u s L ~ a t u r e .

r)

n i a l e r i a l s were s t o r e d i n i;hi:; unheatei-1 verandah which c o u l d i g ~ i t e ~ p o n t i : ~ n e i \ i i ~ l , y . 'l'he l o c a i i o n was v e r y accessrib1.t. I'roir~ i;wo s t r e e t s but;

DER

FIRE

---

STUDY N O .

13kj5

- Date of P i r e : _---

10

A p r i l

1955

Time of A l a r m :

4.53

p . m . (EST) -.

--

No. of S t o r e y s : _-- 2 Locat i o n : - Q t t a w a , Ont.

Day of

-

Week: Sunday

Estima.ted Loss:

- -

I

CHURCH AND SUNDAY-SCHOOL - HALL

GENERAL.

-

The Sunday-school h a l l where t h e f i r e o c c u r r e d was b u i l t a s

a

semen

of t h e c h u r c h b u i l d i n g ( F i g . 2 4 ) . The f r o n t and r e a r por'cion of t h e h a l l had two s t o r e y s which were used f o r o f f i c e s and cloakrooms. The main a u d i t o r i u m o c c u p i e d t h e f i r s t f l o o r ( ~ i g . 2 7 ) . C l a s s e s were

h e l d i n t h e basement r e c r e a t i o n room ( ~ i g . 2 5 ) . A t t h e t i m e of t h e f i e t h e b u i l d i n g w a s u n o c c u p i e d . The j a n i t o r s m e l t smoke and d i s c o v e r e d t h e f i r e when he went t o i n v e s t i g a t e .

I

WEATHER DATA _{- --}

Date 'Time Temp

(

O F

1

R . H .

($1

Wind

(MPH)

1

Apr. 1 0

4

p.m.EST 66

Apr. 1 0

5

p.m.EST

63

Apr. 1 0

6

p.m.EST

58

CONSTRUCTION.

-

The t w o - s t o r e y b r i c k and masonry c h u r c h h a l l

was

a p p r o x i - m a t e l y 5Ofeet; i n w i d t h , 100 f e e l ; i n l e n g t h . The f l a t r o o f was c o v e r e d w i t h t a r and g r a v e l . A s k y l i g h t was b u i l t i n t h e r o o f t o p r o v i d e l i g h t i n g

i n t h e a u d i t o r i u m . I n t e r i o r walls, c e i l i n g s and p a r t i t i o n s were f i n i s h e d w i t h c o m b u s t i b l e board which w a s p a i n t e d and v a r n i s h e d ( ~ i g . 2 6 ) .

SPREAD

OF FIRE.

-

'The f i r e o r i g i n a t e d i n t h e basement of t h e h a l l and had s p r e a d t o tile r e a r w a l l and c e i l i n g b e f o r e ii; was d e t e c t e d ( ~ i g . 2 , ) .

The T i r e s p r e a d t o t h e i n t e r i o r c o n s t r u c t i o n and 12a.11 r o o f , e n t e r l n g t h e c h d r c h t h r o u g h t h e window and open s p a c e s i n t h e n o r t h w a l l ( F i g s .

28

and

29)

REMARKS.

-

V i s i t o r s a r e n o t s u b j e c t e d t o s c r u t i n y i n t h i s c l a s s of

buildTfig and t h e r a p i d s p r e a d of f i r e i n t h e p l a c e of o r i g i n i n d i c a t e s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of incenciiarl.sm. V a r n i s h e d 2nd p o l i s h e d woodwo~k i n

t h e inJi;erio.r and t h e open s p a c e s i n p a r ' c l t i o n w a l l s

and

a t t l c sl2ace p r o v i d e d means of f l r e s p r e a d .

DBR

Flj;E _{_} il:;'l?C13Y N O . -L-l-Lij> _{- --}

I]:> .I; c: ,-).i: lc.i.l-i2 :

27

A i j p j - : L

1955

Loca

t

i 0 i 1 : O t t a w a ,

Ont.

-- - - -. - - -.

y i . ~ ; ~ t ? ::):c A . \ . ; ? - ~ ~ i i ~ :

8

.

23

11 . i l l . (LS'il)

-. -. Day

of

---- Weel,;: 5,/cd.ne ~ d a y

No. ;jT

S b ( . ~ ~ c : y . < . . LI

.

'> 2-

. - -~ .- - Es.l;liria.ted L o s s

---

: :i;:20, 000

i

-

I3j.r.c

of

unlcriolvn o r i g i n s t a r t e d i n a basemen'l; rooin u s e d f o r

.

illc ::(;or ling cjf wood anti mc,'cal. rriodels

,

171acle by. p i l ~ i l s Ti1 'ihe i n d u s t r i a l

;l.l"L, c ! . ~ s s ~ : : ; . Cor1tei?t:j of -[;he roi>m riere d e s t r o y e d , water a n d el.ecLr.3-cnl

:;ci3v i c i . r; pass i11g t h r ' a u g h '%he rloorn w e r e mel,Led a n d

hea.L

p e n e t l - a t c d t h c z'tiljo:11-l:ii-1g r o o i n s i 1 1 t h e ba.semei~t;. b ' i r e d:i.magc was c o n f i n e d t o t h e one . ~ : ~ . , , , n i . No one w a s j.i? the bc,:ildi.ilg

st

-Lhe

t

i i n e

.

'i'iie f i r e was d i s c o v e r e d ,.::

, . , i . : i ~ i a. I . , ; ~ r ; s e r - b y ~ ? o i ; l c e d srriolce colrlitlg f roni 'the s c h o o l (pig.

32)

.

CCI1lS'L'RUC'I1ION

_-.--

.

-

'L'he ';~:r!~--siort?:, ?).r2ici: a n d ~nasoril-y b u i l d i r i b w a s a p y r o . , s i m a t e l y

1.20 i'cei; 3-11 b:ridJch ;q.izc? lj50 P c e t i.n 1.eng'ch. A one-:;'~oj:~cy a d d i t i o n v ~ a s n t t a c l ~ e d

1 n i e r i c ; y .~;a,l:L, c e i l i n g s , z,nd f'loor>:; ~ j c r e f i r e res3-:;,iG-~~!e ( F i t ; . 3'2)

I 1.

Si'l:iZF,D

OF

PIIRE.

-

.Lne i i r e was corl.i'incd to the maLerial i i i t h e room of

--- -. -- - -

-i r ; i r i

..

,...

,

i . i ~ l ; i i heat; anti :~;nioke gz;-ic'L.raJi i n s t h e basement atid u p p e r f l o o r . Due

i, o I, nc i , ~ ~ j < ~ o f ' ~i.~ai; ei.3-a :l :;-i or.,.., C L ~ , c:;!on-i;arleou.s c ~ l f l b ~ ~ ~ t i o n b r a s t h e y r o b a b l c

Ljpp p, I-Ly< , - (jood f i r > e - - r ~ o i s i ; 3 - \ / e con:;'cygc.i;Ion i l l -i;.he poofil c o n l i l ~ e d t h e

-- -.

l , c r ~ : ; t a i r c a . s e s pc~-~iii;;t;cL Lhe s;rio!ce a n d heat; t o l-llse a b o v e basenlent

.

C-

l v e . 1 I

t

i d

a d

L

o

at

6 - 3 3

I . , i n d i c a . t i n s t h a t

J ci2e i 1'ir.e

I?;?-;

l:cer: s:li(,ulcLer'.i11~ i ' o r :;olne i; lllle

.

E3.ply. de i;e c't

t1nd e;.;i; in.^!; ill:;lltricr1'c ~ o u l d llzve l:,ccr: r[i:j.de ii'

<-

, hc.

.

b u i l d i 1 1 2 had

been

o c c u p i e d

DCR

FIRE

SfYUL)Y _- N O . l > / j

Date of F i r e :

8

May

19)s

Y'il.ne of Alarm:

7.45

p.m.

(EDT)

- ---

-

No. of S t o r e y s :

_--

3

L o c a t i o n : ----

Day of Week:

_---

Sunda.y E s t i m a t e d

-

L o s s : $ 2 5 , 0 0 0

IiES IDENIJ?IAL CLUB

-

--

GENERAL.

-

T h i s i s one of t h e o l d e r t y p e b u i l d i n g s t h a t h a s been

01peratin.g as a h o s t e l f o r many y e a r s . It w a s p r o v i d i n g a c c o i m o d a t i o n f o r s i x t y - f i v e g i r l s

a t

t h e t i m e of t h e f i r e . B u i l d i n g a l t e r a t i o n s were beirig c a r r i e d ou-t alzd new h e a t i i i g u n i t s were i n s t a l l e d . 'The o l d b o i l e r s w e r e t o be removed a n d t h e smoke p i p e s had been d i s c o n n e c t e d . R u b b i s h t h r o w n i n t h e o l d b o i l e r s was i g n i t e d , s e t t i n g f i r e t o t h e

baseliler~t c e i l i n g . The f i r e was di:r;covered by 'che r e c e p t i o n i s t on d u t y , who ilt.:l;ec'ced smol.ce. F i r e damage w a s c o n f i n e d t o t h e f irs't f l o o r , b u t e v a c u a t i o n of 'clie b u i l d i n g was n e c e s s a r y ( p i g .

3 4 ) .

D a t e !day

8

May

8

May

8

'Time 'l'e11;2 (

OF^

R . H .

($1

Wind ( M P H )

_--

7

p . m . k ~ r

53

48

s.W.2

8

p . r n . i i ~ . ~

53

48

o

9

p . n l .ED'/' 52

46

S.W.3

CO1\ISTIIUCiYION. - The woou-frame b r i c k - v e n e e r b u i ILding is t h r e e s t o r e y s i n h e i g h t , Gui1.L on a s t one Toundat i o n , of i r r e h u l a r d i m e n s i o n s . I n t e r i o r f i n i s h of wal.l.s, c e i l i n g and p a r t i t i o ~ s w a s l a t h and p l a s t e r , p a . i n t e d . SPFEAD OF 511KE. - The f i r e s p r e a d f r o m t h e b o i l e r roorrl c e i l i n g t o t h e T i r s ' c - r o F E Z d j o i s t s and f l o o r i n g . Smoke a n d h e a t p e n e t r a t i n g t h r o u g h _- -

t h e b u i l d i n g c a u s e d c o n s i d e r a b l e damage t o t h e i n t e r i o i ? f i n i s h .

REMARKS.

-

E a r l y d e t e c t i o n of t h i s f i r e e f f e c t e d q u i c k e v a c u a t i o n of tlie b u i l d i n g a n d t h e extinic,uishment; of t h e f i r e . O l d b u i l d i n g s of t h i s c l a s s , w i t h i n t e r i o r wood c u n s J l ; r u c t i o n , a r e s u b j e c t e d t o a r a p i d f i r e spreacl wlien f i r e e n t e r s between f l . o o r s o r wa.11 p a r t i t i o n s

.

Date

_{. ..} of . F i r e : _{- LC J L L ~ Y 1.955} 'Yiinc of' A l a r l n :

- --

2

a . I n . (I<DT

)

No. of SLorlt-:ys: _--- I

Lloca k i o n : Ottawa

,

OruL

.

Day

of Week: - - - -- I4 o ~ l d a y E s t i m a t e d L o s s : $100,000 --

---

D.ANCE PAVILION ---

GENERAL.

-

T h i s o n e - s t o r e y b u i l d i n g was a p p r o x i m a J ~ e l y 1 0 0 f e e t i n ~ 1 ~ 1 t h ~

Z ' O D T e ' c i n l e i i g t l i and

75

: f e e t i r i l?eighC, l o c a t e d i n

a.

p a r k a r e a and i s o l a t e d f r o m oLher b u i l d i n g s . 'l'he o v a l - s h a p e d

strut-ture

was b e i n g u s e d

a s a r e c r e a ' c i o n and clance h a l l . The f i r e was d i s c o v e r e d by t h e wakch- m2.n w h i l e i~iakrlng h i s round:; of

the

p a r k . I n l e s s t h a n one h o u r t h e

pav i . l i o n ~ 2 s complete]-y des.Lroyed ( F i g .

3 6 ) .

F l y i n g erribers c a u s e d some prcibl-ems i n t h e irnniedix.Le a r e a .

WEA'.FfIER ' DATA

DaLe _---

T

rime 'Temp _--- ( OF) R.l-1.

( $ )

Wind (MYII) _{--- -}

J u l y

4

2 a.m.ED'T

73

8 ) ~

J u l y

4

3

a .m.EU'l'

71

87

J u l y

4

!C a .m.L'T)*i'

69

'

87

COI\IS'I'RUCITION. - The s u p g o r t i n g w a l l a n d r o o f j o i s t i n t h e b u i l d i n g ; --

c c j r i s i s t F d O P - l a r g e larninabcd wood b e a m s p a c e d agproxinla-Lely 1 0 f e e $ a p a r t ( ~ i g .

3 8 ) .

?'he e x ' c e r i o r w a l l s and r o o f w e r e s h e a t h e d w i t h t i n .

An

i n t e r i o r Ga.1coriy was l c l c a t e d a t t h e west e n d of t i l e b u i l d i n g s u p p o r t e d w i t h s t e e l beams ( ~ i g .

37.).

I n t e r i o r f i n i s h was wood and cornbust i b l c hoard., p a i n t e d .

SPREAD 017 FIRE. - The fire spr.ead r a p i d l y f n t l i e c v m b u s t i b l e i n t e r i o r , -- ---

d e s t r o y i n k b u i l d i r i e and

contents.

REMARKS.

-

The c a u s e of t h i s f i r e cou1.d n o t be d e t e r m i n e d owing t;o

- -

comf,E%e d e s t r u c t iori of t h e t ~ u i l d r l n g and c o n t e r i t s

.

B u i l d i n g s of t h i s c l a s s p e r m i t Ti r a p i d f i r e spr7ea.d I n t h e i l i t e r i o r c o ~ n b i l s t i b l e c o n s t r u c t i o n

DEB

FIRE STUDY

N O .

1 7 L ~ 5

- -. - - - -. - - . - -- - - -

Date of F'i-re : L{ ~ u ~ ; u ~ t I Q ! , ~

- - -. - . - -- - .. - . - - . - -

l'ilrle of Alarm:

8

y .m. (ED'.L')

- --

-

-- -- - - - -. L o c a t i o n : _{--- -} O t t a w a , O n t . Day of Week: --. -- - -- Phurzday E s t i m a t e d L o s s : $2000 -. . - - -. - - - -- --

SINGLE

RES

IDENCE - - . - -- - - -

GLNERAL,. - D u r i n g

a

h e a v y r a i n a n d e l e c t r i c a l s t o r m , l i g h t n i n g s l r u c l c --

and

i t n i t e d t h e r o o f of a d w e l l i n g ( p i g .

35)

c a u s i n g c o n s i d e r a b l e damage t o t i l e i n t ~ ~ i o l > c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e unused a t t i c s p a c e ( ~ i g . 4 0 ) .

O p e i i i i ~ ~ s rie1.e iiiade i n t h e r o o f a n d bedroorn c e i l i n g s t o e x t i n g u i s h t h e f i r e , and smoke a n d w a t e r c a u s e d damage t,o t h e i n t e r i o r .

Dabc rime -1p-- 're71 ( O F ) - H . H . - -

(7;)

. -- Wind ( ~ 1 ~ 1 5 ) _{- --}

A

ILL;

.

LC

7

p.m.EDr

65

52

S . E . 1

AUE;.'-C

8

p.m.EDT

6 8

82

o

A u ~ .

9

p .rfl. EDrY

72

78

0

CONS'l'1~UCl1l0N. - 'The f r a ~ n e b u i l d i n g i s appro>:imaJcely

26

f ee'c i n w i d t h ,

7&-7--7'--

l e e - L 117 L e n g t h a n d I S / C s t o r e y s i n height. The p i t c l z e d r o o f w a s

c o v e r e d wiLh a s p h e l t s h i n g l e s . ,The e x t e r i o r w a l l s h a d nlixecl c o n s t r u c t i o n of s t u c c o a n d wood s i d i n g . interior w a l l s a n d c e i l i n g s w e r e c o v e r e d w i t h 1iLa.s Lerboarti ( ~ i . 6 : . i-I1 )

.

SPREAD OF' FIIU;.

-

l'he L i g h i n i n g s ~ a r l c i & n i L e d t h e e x t c r i o r wood s i d i n g of '[,he r o t ~ f ' ( l d ' i ~ , . - 3 5 ) anti s p r e a d t o t h e i n t e r i o r wood slheai;hini; and c e i l i n g ; j o i s ' c i r ~ t h e a ' c t i c s p a c e ( p i g .

!lo).

..rile f i r e was noi; c l e t ~ c ' i . e d u n t i l . i'c i n v o l v e d Lhc i n t e r i o r .

A

- I'G was a s s ~ i m e d t h a t t h e l h i ~ h t r e e a d j a c e n t t o t h e d w e l l i n g - -

a

i'lF5Zieil

'chc l i g l l i n i n g L o i t , 311d illat ~ l z e brarlcllcs L e a d i n g t o t h e r o o f ( F ~ L .

3 5 )

c a r r i e d Lhc spc7rl.c f o r i g n i c l o i ? .

Dl32 PIKh!' _- S'I'UUY _-..---A- N O .

18La

D a t e of Fll-c:

- - -- -- 1 S e p t e ~ n b e r

1955

---- L o c a t i o n : Ottawa, Ont

.

Tlrr~e of Alarm: 5 . 1 0 p.m. (Em)

-- - - - - . - --- Day of Week: 'l'hur ~ d a y

No. of S t o r e y s : _--

_-

1 _- E s t i m a t e d L o s s : _{-- -- - - ---} $ 5 0 , 0 0 0

AUTOMOBILE BODY IiEPAIH AND PAIN'T SHOP

--- ----

---

- -- -

-

- --

GENERAL. - The o n e - - s t o r e y b u i l d i n ) . was _-

'75

f e e t i n w i d t h , 9 0 f e e t i n l e i ~ ~ T h , , w i i h a f i a t r o o f ( F i g .

427.

The b u i l - d i n g was d i v i d e d i n t o two s e c t i o n s by a b r i c k w a l l p a r a p e t e d a b o v e t h e r o o f (F'ig. 4 4 ) . E n t r a n c e

was

made t o t h e r e p a i r a n d p a i n t s h o p t h r o u g h l a r g e d o o r o p e n i n g s . A t

t h e t i m e of t h e f i r e a number of c a r s were i n t h e b u i l d i n g . WEATIIER DATA

DaLe

-. . . -- ,llilne Temp ( -- O F ) -.--

R.K.

($1

Wind (FIPH) --- --- -

S e p t

.I

4 p . r n . E ~ T

69

I+ 2 w.2

S e p t .1

5

p.m.EDll

65

42

W . 2

S e p t . l

6

p.m.ED'T

68

4

3

N . W . l

CONSTRUC'TION.

-

The b u i l d i n g was of b r i - c k c o n s t r u c t i o n . Mood j o i s t s s u p p o r t e d - ' Z e f l a L r o o f t h a t w a s c o v e r e d w i t h t a r a n d g r a v e l ( F ' i g . 4 4 ) . I n t e r i o r w a l l s were b r i c k . l'he c e i l i n g s were s h e a ~ h e d w i t h c o m b u s t i b l e b o a r d ( ~ i g .

4 3 ) .

SPREAD OF PIHE. - l'he f i r e o r i g i n a t e d on t h e f l o o r i n t h e p a i n t s h o p when

--- a wilrkrrian c a r e l e s s l y t h r e w down a l i g h t e d c i g a r e t t e . r h e f i r e s p r c a d r a p i d l y i n i h e c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l s , c a u s i n g c s n s i d e r a b l e darnage Lo t h e b u i l d i n g a n d t o c a r s u n d e r r e p a i r . RElVlARKS.

-

The r a p i d s p r e a d of t h i s f i r e i n d i c a t e s t h e h a z a r d of --

---

smoking i n a p a i n i , s h ~ p . P r o t e c i e d s p r a y b o o t h s s h o u l d be p r o v i d e d a n d smoking s h o u l d be p r o h i b i t e d where i n f l a m m a b l e m a t e r i a l s a r e b e i n g u s e d o r s c o r e d .

DBR F I R E STUDY NO.

19/55

Date of F i r e : ---- 20 December

1955

Time of A l a r m : 11.22 p.m. (EST) --- No. of S t o r e y s : 2 -- L o c a t i o n : O t t a w a , Ont.

Day of Week: Tuesday

E s t i m a t e d Loss $25,000

RESIDENCES

-

THREE-DOOR ROW

GENERAL. - The t w o - s t o r e y t h r e e - d o o r row, f o r m e r l y u s e d a s s i n g l e

r e s i d e n c e s , had been c o n v e r t e d t o accommodate e i g h t a p a r t m e n t s ( F i g .

4 5 ) .

An o i l - b u r n i n g f u r n a c e s u p p l i e d h e a t f o r t h e b u i l d i n g . On t h e day of t h e f i r e , b e l o w - z e r o t e m p e r a t u r e s p r e v a i l e d , r e q u i r i n g t h e h e a t i n g u n i t t o work c o n t i n u a l l y . The f i r e

was

d i s c o v e r e d i n t h e w a l l by a n occupant i n t h e f i r s t f l o o r a p a r t m e n t .

WEATHER DATA _-.

Date Time

_-

~ e m ~ ( ~ F

)

R.H.

($)

Wind ( M P H )

Dec .20 1 0 p.m.EST

-15

Dec .20 11 p.m.EST

-13.5

Dec .20 1 2 p.m.EST , -12 .O

CONSTRUCTION.

-

The frame b r i c k v e n e e r b u i l d i n g was 40 f e e t i n l e n g t h ,

bO f e e t i n w i d t h , b u i l t on a masonry f o u n d a t i o n . The f l a t r o o f was

c o v e r e d w i t h

t a r

and g r a v e l . I n t e r i o r f i n i s h of w a l l s

was

l a t h and p l a s t e r o v e r rough board s h e a t h i n g ( ~ i g . 4 6 ) . C e i l i n g s were l a t h and p l a s t e r .

SPREAD OF FIRE. - The f i r e o r i g i n a t e d i n t h e p a r t i t i o n w a l l j o i s t s C n E - s i d e t h e chimney ( F i g . . -

4 6 ) ,

and s p r e a d up t h e w a l l t o

t h e unused

a t t i c

s p a c e u n d e r t h e r o o f . . ~ a c k o f - f i r e s t o p s between

w a l l j o i s t s p e r m i t t e d t h e f i r e t o s p r e a d ( F i g .

4 7 ) .

REMARKS.

-

Continuous o v e r h e a t i n g of t h e chimney had c a u s e d a b r e a k

--.

i n t h e p l a s t e r between t h e b r i c k s . Heat i g n i t e d t h e wood j o i s t s i n t h e p a r t i t i o n w a l l ( F i g .

4 6 ) .

Many of t h e o l d e r chimneys were n o t c o n s t r u c t e d t o accommodate p r e s e n t - d a y h e a t i n g a p p l i a n c e s .

BBR

FIRE STUDY

NO.

1/55

--- -

F i g .

1.

F r o n t

vlew

~f

building;

f i r e

was

d i e e ~ v e s e d

when t h e f r o n t window

blew

out.

Fig. 2 .

North

s i d e

of

building

showing

small, h i g h

windows.

Bowling

_----

A l l e y _----

F i g .

3

showing e

vitrolite

d e l a y e d

6

F r o n t

omplete

modern

ire

d e t e

v i e w of

b u i l d i n g i n t e r i o r

eoHHapse;

f r o n t t o

sidewalk

c t

i o n .

Fig.

5.

Complete dernoliticn

building

was

necessary,

f s l l s w f n

f i r e ;

note

woodsheathing

on

wall

of

bulld5ng

a t

l e f t s i d e sf phot

R e s t a u r a n t

.- -.--.----.-

DBR

R e p o r t 109

DBR FIRE

STUDY

NO.

313-5

- ---. - -

F i g .

5 .

F i r e

i n

e a r l y

s t a g e s ;

NRC v e h i c l e

and

s t a f f

In attendance.

F i g .

7.

F i r e extended up

walls

t o the

attic space

u ~ d e r

the

sgsof

.

Fig.

8.

F r o n t

v i e w of

building ~ h ~ w i n g

one

side only Lnvalved

in

fire.

Double

_---

Residence _-

BBR

Report 101 . .. . . . . ... ,>,, 77.,. . =,,. _,:., ...,., ... . . . -~ ~ ~~ ...I...-..7.7....-.T-7...

Dm

REPORa

NO.

y 5 5

.---

-

--

F i g .

5 *

Nest

a i d e ; f i r e

spread

i n t h e unused open

a t t i e

sgace

between

r ~ o f

and

ceiling.

Fig.

18. E a a t .Side; s ~ o w I ~ ~

f

% r e

spresding

in

the

a t t i c space

of

t h e

building.

Fig.

11.

Rear

of L-shaped

building;

note

chimneys in

o u t e r

s e c t i o n s .

Fig.

$ 2 .

Roof and

f n t e s i s r

destroyed; sections

of

the

brick

walls

dis%n%ergrating,

Row

Hsus

i n g

--- - - -

DBR

_- F I R E STUDY

NO. jL55

_{- - -}

Fig.

13.

North s i d e of

bufldlng;

a

c h e m i c a l

mi.xing

root71

was

l0cEtted

on the second.

$ I s o r .

F i g .

14.

South

s i d e of building; n o t e d o u b l e

r ~ o f

s p a c e where f

%re

s p r e a d .

Costume Jewellery

P l a n t

DBR FSM STUDY _{- . -- --- - --}

NO.

_{- ---}

6/55

_{- -- --}

F f g .

15.

F r o n t af building f o l l o w i n g

t h e

f i r e .

Fsuf

t Warehouse

DBR

. --.--. PIRE

STUDY NO.

---

7/35

. - -

Fig.

16.

F r o n t v i e w

~f

b u i l d i n g showing

a d

j o i n i n g

s c o r . e s .

3213 _--. FZRE STUDY _{- --- -}

NO.

_----

8/35

_-

Fig.

17. P r s n t

vLew

showing s t o r e s and

a.p;artrnents.

F i g . 18. Rear v i e w showing one s t o r e y a d d i t i o n

and s e a s

e x i t s ; f i r e

started

in

r e a r

wabi sf

main

Suibding above

cinder

b l o c k

a d d i t i o n .

Apar&nenSs

_{.- - --} and R e t a i l

_-

S t o r e s _~-

DBR

R e p o r t 101

CBR

_{.. -. .- -} F I R E _{-" -.}

RE

_{.- . . -} PORT _--

NO.

_{- . . -.}

_5pj2

_.. F i g .

15.

Three d o o r

r e s i d e n c e ;

n o t e only

enzrance

to

r e a r is t h r o u g h building.

Three-door

Residence - --

-

----. -

DBR

Report 101

DEB

_.-

_---

FIFE

STUDY NO.

_---

_{- - .-}

1

1

&

_--

j

F i g . 2 0 . Where F i r e s t a r t e d , F i g . 2 1 .

BusSness

b l o c k

n o t e wood

constsac%l~w.

d e s t r o y e d .

F i g . 2 2 . Rear v i e w of fire F i g . 2 3 . Where f i r e s t o p p e d ;

damage

.

i n t e r f o r

of building d e s t r o y e d .

R e t a f l

S t o r e s and Apartments

-

---

-