Sex Allocation Decision Under Superparasitism by the Parasitoid Wasp Eupelmus vuilleti

HAL Id: hal-00314396

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00314396

Submitted on 27 Aug 2008

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Sex Allocation Decision Under Superparasitism by the Parasitoid Wasp Eupelmus vuilleti

Éric Darrouzet, Guy Boivin, Claude Chevrier

To cite this version:

Éric Darrouzet, Guy Boivin, Claude Chevrier. Sex Allocation Decision Under Superparasitism by the Parasitoid Wasp Eupelmus vuilleti. Journal of Insect Behavior / Journal of Insect Behaviour, 2008, 21, pp.181-191. �10.1007/s10905-008-9118-3�. �hal-00314396�

ACBEDGFIH.JBEBK L!M NPORQTSTU(V+L!WYXZK(D\[!DG] ^_J]`a<bJ$L`N1aIcN[dBeDNB$Q

f

Qgh]D\[NBiDjOlkY`NnmoK L!BiRUdpqJFPL:bjOlkY`Nris!FDGN]!FNriRU(tE]:iuOvDjOTLOw`N+xZNFcdNBFcNhiuL!B5bJ+X1DGK!bGKzy!DGNn`NYbv{"t]!iNFPOlNU

|

gn}~xa€hx‚s„ƒ…|(†‡U ˆ‰JBF1`NVŠBJ3]`‹Kz] OlU(|Œ f!……‚mwKrL!BiU pBJ]dFN



^Ž.KzBTOvDGFPLbOTL!BJbx1N iN JBFc)J]`YH.N[N‘b’Kz“!‹)N‘] O‰aIN3]rOlNBU ”1yBDFPLbOTL!BN1J]`”1yBD•vK!K(`a<J]J`(JUs Ol–u—$NJ]–

†

iuL!BR–˜x1DGFcdN‘bDNPLU(™+Lkš!NFU(a<J]J`J›—œ|rX|rAžƒ

ƒ

S”+LOvcdKzBw•vKB_F3KzBEBRNriE“dKz]d`N]!FNŸ‘Až–u‹JDbEŸ‡NBDGF  j`JBEBK L!M NPOl¡¢L!]D\[z–˜OlKdL!Bi$ £•TB

Œ¤ ¥

¦*

Ÿ(s!NP§¨JbGbGK:FJPOvD’Kz]`NF‘DTiDGK(]DG]J+“!JBJ iDOlKzD’`‚©.Jril“ 

ª

3…

«.%3$¬

s L!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDi‹&DTižJŠ©DG`N iE“BRNJ`„“c!N]K(‹.N‘]dKz]8DG])“:JBRJriDOlKDG`­ižJ]`8‹)JW„šNhJ`r[J] OlJy!NK Li

$f

DG]8iK(‹N1FDGBFPL‹8iuOlJ]FNri$  tE]YOvcDTi<iuOTL` WdU(K•u•iE“BDG]y8iN§)BJPOvDGKh©J i_J]JbGW:iN`D"]hOvc‡BNNYiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹

3|

iDOTLJPOvD’Kz]:iPŸ©.cN]›OvcN›iN FK]`®N3yy¯©.Jri°bJD`¯šW±J²BJ]`K!‹´³µE¶<·¸"¹‚µ º¼»µ½¸¸· ¾G½)¿˜ŽhW‹)N]K“ OlNBJdŸ

$

A_L!“!N‘bG‹D`(JNÀ1•vN‹„JbN„•TBK(‹ÁJ¨yBK L!“!U­©‚cN]ÂJ]°DTiK!bGJPOlN`°•vN‹)J‘bNh©JriZJbbGK ©.N`ÃOlKÄbGJWOT©KÅNyy:iK]

†

OvcNiJ‹)NcdK­ivO¿eiNbG•l–eiuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ÀÅKzBÅbGJD`±K]!N›NyyÆK]±J¯cdK­ivOÂJb\BNJ`dWƓ!J3BJriDOlDGM N`ǚWÈJ 3ƒ

FK](il“!NFD•vDFÅ¿EFKz]:il“!NFD•vDFÉiuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹À$ pqN‹)JbTNri“BRK(`rLFN`ÊJÅ` DG•u•lNBN] OK•u•Eil“BD"]yiN§²BJ$OEDGK 3Œ

JFFKzB` DG]‡yÄOlKÃOvcN)`zD•u•lNBN] O1iuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹´iDjOTLJPOED’Kz]!i+OlNriuOlN`: mcdNriN8iN§ÅBJPOvD’K­iZJBN8DG]¢bGDG]!N¨©DOlc

¤

OvcN1ËCK(FJb(}ÌJ$OlNha<Kz‹h“!N$OEDOlDGK]¨OvcdNKzBvW: !mocdNYBNrivL:bjOi<•˜LBuOvcN3B+iuL!yy!NrivOOvcdJPO_•vN‹„JbN i<FJ]-`zDTiFBDG‹„DG]!JPOlN 3ª

š!N$OT©NN]hcdK­ivOiw“!JBJ iDOEDÍM N`.šW.J1FK]:iE“!NFD•uDF1KBšWYOvc!N‹8iNb\[Nri_J]`J`J3“ O:OvcNYiRN§¨Kz•:OvcN1N3yy:iOvcNW f!…

bJW)JFFKB`DG] y!b"W  fw

ff

Î P' ,.Ï iRNb"•l–ÐJ]` FKz]!iE“!NFD•EDFÑiuL!“NBE“!JBJ iDOEDTi‹UÆcK:iuOÁ` DTiFBDG‹„DG]!JPOlDGK]U±BN“BK!`rLFœOvD\[N f!|

iuOvBRJœOlNyD’NdiRUdŽ‚W‹)N]K“ OlNBJ3UrAoL!“!NbG‹)D`J N   f

:3

f:†

tE]8iRK(bGDOlJBEW-NFPOlK“!JPBJ iDOlKzD’`(iUzOT©.KKzB_‹KBNYN3yy:i5bGJD`8Kz]hOvcdN.iRJ‘‹)N1cK:iuO‰bNJ`.OlK)FKz‹‚“!NPOvDOlDGK(]

f!ƒ

š!N$OT©NN]hOvcNnbGJBE[!JNnJ]`BNriuLbO_DG])Jbb:š LO‰K]Nn`dWdD"]y ‡”Y] WiuL!“!N3Be] L:‹)NBRJBEW8N3yy:i5J3BNYNbGD‹)DG]!JPOlN`.š!W f!Œ

“c W:iDF Jb+bJBE[!JbZFK(‹hš!JPOiRUI“c WiDGK(bGKy(DFJbhivL!““BNriiD’K(]UKzB8iF3BJ‹hš!bN¢FK(‹h“!NPOlDOlDGKz]²¿T}²JWc!NP©´J‘]!`

f:¤

Ž.JB` WU<3ªª(¤ À$ s!KbGDOlJBEW8“!JBRJdiDjOlKzDG`:i5OlN]d`-Ovc LiIO˜Kċ)JP§!D‹)D"M‘N‚OvcdND"BK ©h]•EDOl]N i$iIšWÂK [!DG“!K­iDOlDG] yÂK(]

f!ª

OvcN°š!N iuOrLJ‘bGDOvWcdK­ivOi8¿uD@ N‡ oL:]‡“!JBJriDOlDGM N` À8•vKB¨OvcdN iuL!Bv[!D’[JbnK(•nOvcNDGB8K•u•iE“BDG]y¿Ea<cJB]K [J‘]!`

|…

s OlN“cN3]:iU+3ª(¤¤ À$ (} K­iTO<“!JBRJriDOlKDG`°•EN‹)JbN inFJ]°J[zKzD`~iuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ ¿EDT jN  bJW!DG]yÅJ]ÅNyyÅK]ÅJ

|

cK:iuO‰JbÍBNJ` W“!JBJ iDOEDGM N` ÀoDG•OvcdNWF J]hBNFKzy]D\M‡NIOvcdJPOqJ+cK:iuOqcdJriw“BNP[!D’KdLibGW¨šzNN]h“!JBJ iDOEDGM N`¨¿vcK:iuO

| f

`DiFBDG‹„DG]!JPOlDGKz]‡À$ ¼aIK](iRNrL­N‘] Ovb\W!U¯ivL!“!NBE“!JBJ iDOEDTi‹ ©.Jri®OvcK L!ycrOO˜K´BNrivL:bjO±•TBK‹ K [!DG“!K­iDjOEDGK]

||

‹„DTivOlJ!NriUš!NFJ$LiRNY•vN‹„JbN iw©NBRNŠ]dKdO‰NP§d“!NFPOlN`YOvKh©J iuOlNIOvDG‹)NYKB_Kz•v•EiE“BDG]y)¿u[!J]hËCN‘] OlNBN]dU3ª(¤$Àœ 

| 

Ž.Kd©.NP[!N3BUZ©‚cDbN~OvcN~“BK š!Jš!DbDOvW K(•iuL!Bu[!D\[JbhK!•°iEL!BE]rL‹)NBJBEW Nyy:i‹)JWšNÉbGK ©U+OvcNKBNPOvD’FJrb

|(†

JBEy L‹N]rOi_“BK“K:iNIOvcdJPOOvcNBRNŠ‹)JWšNYFK]`DOlDGK]:iL!]d`NBw©cDF‘c8ivL!“!NBE“!JBJ iDOEDTi‹ DTiCJ`(J3“ OvD’[Nn¿˜[zJr]

|ƒ

”nb"“!cN])J]`n€„NbbUo3ª(¤ f JJy!NUo3ª(¤‡ƒ À$ sdL!“!N3BE“!JBJrilDOlD˜i‹ FJ]¨š!NnJ` [J]rOlJy!NK Li_DG•OvcNY] L:‹hšNBCKz•

|Œ

L!] “!J3BJriDOlDGM N`ÇcdK­ivOiÅDi~b’Kd© DG]®OvcdN¯N] [!D\BRKz]‹)N]rOÂKBÄ©‚cN]®OvcdN OvBJP[zN‘bhOlDG‹„NʚzNPOT©NN‘] “!JPOlFc!N i

|(¤

¿uBN3“BEK!`rLFœOvD\[zNÄJBRNJÀnD˜i‚bGK] yÉ¿T[J‘]ŔnbG“(cdN‘]¼J]`hDTi$iNBRUŠ3ªª… À$ qmwcDinK(•ZFKdL!BiN8JriiuL‹„N i+OvcdJPO<OvcN

|ª

iNFKz]d`NyycJ i5iK‹)N1Fc!J]FN1K•wiuL!BE[!D\[Jb!¿l[zJ]YXZJJBN]J]`1€)k]K]Uw3ªªƒ À$ 

!…

mwcN“!KdOlN] OvDGJbo•vDOl]N iiy!JDG]Ä©c!N]¢ivL!“!NBE“!JBRJriDOlD"M DG]yŋ)JW `N“!N]`ÂKz]8Ovc!N„‹)JPOlNBE]dJ‘b‰KzBD\yD]

w

K•žOvcdNÕvDGBiuOZNyyœBN iN] O1K]ÄOvcdN„cK:iuO :tE]ÅFKz]!iE“!NFD•lDTFÄiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹U_J]ÅNyy~DTi‚bJD`ÅKz] J„cK:iuO

f

“BNP[!D’KdLibGW~“JBJ iDOEDGM N`¢šW²J°FK](il“!N F‘DG•EDF°•vN‹)J‘bNU5©hcDbN DG]²iNb•l–eiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ DjOnD˜ibJD`~K]ÉJ

!|

cK:iuO‰Jb\BNJ`dW.“!JBJriDOlDGM N`hšWhOvc!NYiJ‹)NŠ•lN‹)J‘bNn¿ JJ3y:NUw3ª(¤‡ƒ À$ ‡mcdNŠ•vDOv]!Nrii_y!J‘DG])•vKzB_J])Nyy)bJ‘D`D]



iNbG•l–eiuL!“!NBl“!JBJ iDOlD˜i‹ FK LbG` šzN›bGKd©.NBÄOvcdJ]±D"]ÈFK]:iE“!NFDG•EDF®iuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ ¿l[zJ]®HDN]±J]`

:†

JrJ3y!NUŠ3ª(¤‡Œ À+šzNFJPLiN8J8•vN‹)J‘bN¨©cDFcÅbJWi+OT©.K¢N3yy:inKz]OvcNÄiJ‹)N„cK:iuO‹JW¼K š OlJDG]ELiuOZKz]dN

!ƒ

K•u•iE“BDG] yÌJ•OlNB)FKz‹‚“!NPOEDjOEDGK]~š!N$OT©NN]²DOi)K ©h]ɓBlK y!N] W wŽK ©.NP[!NBRUŠiNbG•v–iuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ ‹D"y!crO

!Œ

iuOvDGbbš!N‚J`d[zJ]rOlJy!NK Lio©‚cN]OT©K8K B5‹.KzBN‚Nyy:i<K]8JYcdK­ivO_DG]FBNJdiRNŠOvcNn“BKdšzJPš!DbDOvWK•wy!J‘DG]!DG]yJr]

:¤

š!NFrJ$LiN„K!•I]dKz]d–˜[!DJš!DbDjOuW KzBcK:iuO`N3•vN‘]dFN¨BRNJFPOlDGK]Å¿˜[!J]°”nbG“(cdN]°J]` hDTi$iNBU+3ªª… :xZK:iN]cNDT‹

†‡…

J]d`Ž.Kz]‡y (cdJ‘‹)UÄ3ªªƒ Àœ 1mcDTi“!JWd–EK(•v•FKdLbG` J‘bTiRK±`N“!N]` Kz]›OvcdN “BK š!Jš!DbDOvW Kz•°ivL(šiNrLN]rO

†

iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ÑšW JÉFKz]:il“!NFD"•lDF²•vN‘‹)JbNÊ¿ hDTiiN3BUÃ3ªª| Àœ Ys!NbG•v–iuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ ‹)JW“BN[!N]rO

† f

FK](il“!NFD•vDFiuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹ ©cN])JY•vN‹)JbNnD˜iCJš!bNŠOvK)`NPOlNFO‰J]`)FKdL!] O_Nyy:iCJbÍBNJ` W)“BNriN] O_K]

†‡|

OvcN+cdK­ivOq¿˜[zJ]”YbG“!cN]J]` hDTiiRNBUw3ªª… ‚D˜iiNB_N$OwJ3bu jU3ªª… À$ 

† 

pqN‹)JbNdi.FJ]ÉJ` uLqiuOOvcND\BK•u•iE“BDG] y›iN§ BJPOvDGK¢O˜KÊN$] [!DGBKz]‹)N]rOlJb<FKz]d`zDOlDGK](iDG]ÉKB`NB1OvK

††

‹)J§!D‹„DTiRN OvcdN‘DÍBÊBN3“BK(`rLFOvD\[!N iuLFF Nri$i ¿EaIcdJB]K [!UÉ3ª(¤ fVYK!` •TBJW!UÉ3ªª À$ )mcdN ËCK!FJb8}²JPOlN

†‡ƒ

a<Kz‹‚“!NPOEDjOEDGK] ¿˜Ëo} a5À±‹K(`Nb²¿˜Ž.J‹„DbOlKz]dU®3ªƒŒ NBEBN]U®3ª(¤‡… À “BK [!DG`N i±J] N[zK(bLOlDGK]JBW

†‡Œ

NP§d“(bJ]JPOlDGK]ĕvKB5OvcND"]•lb’LN]dFNK(•IivL!“!NBE“!JBRJriDOlD˜i‹ÁJ]`8“!JBJriDOlK!DG`Ä`N]!iDOuWÂK]K(•v•eil“BD"]‡y~iN§BJ$OvDGK

†¤

¿EVnK(` •TBRJWdU<3ªª À$ zËw} a¯“BN`DGFPOi5OvcdJPO_©hcdN]ċ)JPOlDG] yÄOlJ !Nri<“bGJF NKz]„OvcdNN‘‹.NBEy!N]FNh“!JPOlF3cÚzN‘•vKBN

†‡ª

OvcN8`DTiE“!NBiDGK(]ÅK(•Z`JPL!y!crOlNBiRUyBRNy!JBEDGK Li1“!JBRJdiDjOlKzDG`~•vN‹)JbNdiŠN§d“(b’K(DOlD"]y°Ovc!JPO“!JPOlF3cÄ©DGbb<`N3“!K­iDO

ƒ…

Nyy:i+©.DOEc¼J8•EN‹)JbN–uš!DJ iN`~iN§ BJPOlDGK :ËCD!NP©DTiNUËo} aǓBRN`zDFPOiŠJ‘bTiRK OvcJ$O1•vN‹)J‘bN i+©Dbb<`N3“!K­iDO

ƒ

Nyy:ih©DjOvc²J¢bJBEy!NB“BlKz“dKzBTOvDGK]²Kz•iK]:i)D"]ɓBRNP[!DGK Lib\W²“!JBJ iDOEDGM N`ÊcK:iuOinOvcJ]ÊDG]~L] “!JBRJriDOlD"M‘Nr`

ƒ f

cK:iuOi ¿NBlBN]U¯3ª(¤‡… ²sc L :NB NPOJbT jU¢f!……(† À$ 8ˆBN`DGFPOlDGK](i JBN&iD‹)DbJB D"••lN‹„J bNri¯[!DTiDO J

ƒ|

BN“BlK!`rLFPOvD[N›“!JPOlFc iD‹.LbOlJ]NKdLib\WÈD"]ÆyBK L!“:iUKBÅJbGKz]dNš‡LO~iRNrLN]rOlDGJbbGWÈ¿EVnK(` •TBJWzU¢3ªª À$ 

ƒ 

pqN‹)JbN i1‹)JW Jri$iNri<OvcN„] L:‹hšNBZK(•<KrOvcdNB1•vN‹„JbN i1“BNriRN]rODG]8OvcNÄiJ‹)N„K [!DG“!K­iDjOEDG] y JBNJ¨šWOvcN

ƒ(†

•TBNrL­N]FW K(•nFK]rOlJF$OiY©‚DOvc¢OvcdN‘‹.UIKBYšWÅOvcN°•TBN rLN]dFW²K(•nFK]rOlJFPOiY©‚DOvc~“!J3BJriDOlDGM N`~cK:iuOi.KzB

ƒƒ

‹)JB :i‚bN•OšW°OvcN iN8K OvcN3BY•vN‹)JbN in¿lVYK!`z•TBRJWdUY3ªªÀ$ tE]~iRK(‹N°iE“!N FDN iUo•lN‹„JbNri‚J` ELiuO<OvcN°iN§

ƒŒ

BJPOvD’KÄ`N“dK­iDjOlN`„DG]„š!K OvcÄiDOTLJOvDGK]:i<¿

º!½

»½T¾ $½¶<·!½Gº ›WdbDNU53ªŒƒ ‚DG]yJ‘]d`°s (DG]]N3BU53ªª

ƒ(¤

VnK(` •TBJWdUY3ªª  Ž.JB` WU_f!…… f<s(c L !NBhJ]d` NrivOlUf!…… žszc L :N3BhNPOŠJbT jUof!……ƒ ÀU©‚cD"bNÄDG] KdOvcdNBi

Ļ

OvcNWÂ`K°]KrOž‹K(`DG•˜WOvcN8iN§ÂBJPOlDGKÅJ•OlNB1FKz] OlJFœOC©hDO@c°FKz]!iE“!N FD"•lDF iZ¿$½ ¹n¹ ·» !·º·(ºPU

Œ…

JrJ3y!N1J]`Y˞J‘]dNUw3ª(¤ ÀwKB©‚DOvch“!JBJ iDOEDGM N`.cdK­ivOi_¿z·¸· ¹‚µ º!·¸½!¾!½!½"ºPUsrOvBRJ]`Uw3ª(¤¤À$ 

Œ

tE]8iRK(bGDOlJBEW)“!JBJ iDOlKDG`­iRUzË_}²aFJ]„DG]!•ub\L­N‘]dFNnK(•u•iE“BD] y°iN§)BJPOlDGK¨©‚c!N]8cK:iuOiCJBRNYFbL‹“!Nr`

Πf

¿EVnK(` •TBRJWdUY3ªª Àœ tE]°OvcN°FJriN°K•hiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹´šWÌiK(bGDOlJ3BRW “:JBRJriDOlK(DG`(iRUË_}²a FK LbG` šzNÄbNri$i

Œ|

iDOTLJPOvD’Kz]dU­‹.JPOlN`„•vN‹)J‘bN i5‹)JW)•EJ[zKdL!BCJ.iRNP§)BJPOvDGK¨š!D@JriwOvK ©J3B`(iOvcNhiN§©cDFc„DTiwOvcN+š!NPOTOlN3BobGJ3BR[zJrb

Œ(†

FK‹h“!NPOlDOlKBÅ¿˜[!J3]ÇHD !N] J]d` JJy!NU¢3ª(¤‡Œ ‚D"]!y!U¢3ª(¤‡Œ Àœ ŠH‚D"•v•lNBN]rO¼iuOTL` DGN i°©DjOEcÆ`DG•E•EN3BN]rO

Œƒ

“!JBJ iDOlKzD’`-il“:NF‘DNri_cdJ[N1•vK L!]`NDOEcdNB_J1‹KzBRNŠ‹JbN–uš!DJ iN`„iN§BRJPOED’K„¿

$· E¶<½G¹¶<¸ !½"¹ ¸ ·ºœ½"º

ŒŒ

scDGy!JÉJ‘]d`ɀ„J!J]DTicDUÃ3ªƒ(¤ ÀKBJ~•vN‹JbN–uš!DJ iRN`ÇiRN§BJPOvDGK ¿

!· · ¾.VYJbGbGK ©JW J]`

Œ(¤

V1BJ]rOlU®3ª(¤‡ª ¼JbGW:iDDG]!N&“!JBRJriDOlK(DG`(iRU } JWc!NP© J‘]!`Ð[J‘] ”YbG“!cN]U®3ªªª8³+µE¶<·¸"¹‚µ º »µ½¸¸· ¾G½

λ

H.JBEBK L!M NOqNœO‰Jb@ Uf!……|U f!……Œ À$ 

¤‡…

tE]³µE¶<·¸"¹‚µ ºh»µ½¸¸· ¾"½C¿Eaox ÌÀ1¿TŽhW!‹)N‘]dKz“ OlN3BJUA_L!“!N$b‹„D`JN3ÀUwJÃiRK(bGDOlJBEWÅNFPOlKz“!J3BJriEDjOlKzDG`ÂK­•

¤

OvcNÆbGJBE[!JNÆJ]` “ L!“!JN K!•¢OvcNÆa<K(bGNK“ OlNBJ®XBuLFc‡D`JN ¸¸ º $µ!µº¹ µ¸ ¾"µ º ¿up_ £ÀU„OvcN

¤ f

K•u•iE“BDG] y]rL‹hšNB<D˜i<BRN`rLFN`8J]`„OvcNiN§BJPOvDGKD˜i<‹.KzBNh‹)JbN–uš!DJ iN`„©cN]iN‘bG•l–eiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJ iDOlDTi‹

¤‡|

DG]!FBNJ iRNri¿˜H.JBEBK L!M NO<NO<J3bT jUf!…… fÀ$ !mwcD˜i1iRN§BJPOvDGK¢ilcD•O<DTi‹JDG](bGWÂ`rLN‚OlK8cD\y!cĕlN‹)J‘bNK•u•iE“BDG](y

¤ 

‹KBuOlJbGDOvW!U+š!NFJPLiRN OvcdN~]rL‹.šN3B8K•YOT©K!–u•vN‹)JbN¼Ny!yFbLOlFcN i©J i8cDÍy(c!NBOvcJ]ÉOT©.K(–u‹.J‘bN¼J‘]!`

¤†

‹„D\§N`NyyÂFb’LOlF3c!Nri1iuL!yyNriuOlDG] y8OvcJPOiNbG•l–eiuL!“!NBl“!JBJ iDOlD˜i‹ÁFK L:bG`FK]rOvBED\š‡LOlN‚O˜K-OvcdNY[JBDGJš!DbDjOuWÂK(•

¤‡ƒ

K•u•iE“BDG] y°iRN§)BJ$OvDGK­iC¿˜H.JBEBRKdL!M NO_NO_J3bT jU(f!……| À$ Ž‚Kd©.NP[!N3BUzOvcN1BNril“!Kz]!iNnKz•w•lN‹)J‘bN iCKz•OvcDTiIiRK(bGDOlJBW

¤‡Œ

NFPO˜Kz“!J3BJriDOlKDG`´OlK iNbG•v–eiuL!“NBE“!JBRJriDOlD˜i‹ BJDTiN iÐiRN[zNBJb rLN iuOlDGKz]!i$ ~H.K(NriÆOvcN iD‹hLbOlJ]NK Li

¤¤

“BNriRN]!FNnKz•‰FK]:iE“!NFD•lDFn•vN‘‹)JbN i5DG]¨OvcdN.iRJ‘‹)N1“!JPOlFc-J‘•v•lNFPOOvcNnKz•v•iE“BDG]yÄiN§)BJPOlDGK)Kz•‰JŠ“!JBvOEDGF$L:bJB

¤‡ª

•lN‘‹)JbN H.K(N i°J]±DTiK!bGJPOlN`®•vN‹)JbN²“BK(`rLFNÊJ²`zD•E•lNBN]rOÃKz•v•eil“BD"]‡y iN§±BRJPOED’K¯L!]`NB~iRNb"•l–°J]`

ª…

FK](il“!NFD•vDFÅiuL!“NBE“!JBJ iDOEDTi‹8tiYOvcdNBNJ‘] W N[!D`N]!FN„OvcJ$On•vN‘‹)JbNriJ3BNÄJš!bNÃOlK~BNFKy]DiNÄcdK­ivOi ª

“BNP[!D’KdLibGW“!JBJriDjOEDGM N`›šW›OvcN‹8iNb\[N iKB„šWJÉFK](il“:NF‘DG•EDFɕEN‹)JbN°HJ3BEBK L!M NPO-NœO¨JbT ¿uf!……Œ À ª f

BNFN]rOlb\WÉ`N‹K!](iuOvBRJPOlN`ÄOvcJPO_³o»µ½¸¸· ¾"½<•vN‹)JbN ihJ3BN°JPš!bN„OlK~` DTiFBDG‹„DG]!JPOlN8“!JBJ iDOEDGM N`~cK:iuOi‚J]`

ª|

L!] “!J3BJriDOlDGM N`.cdK­ivOi$ 

ª 

mwcN°JD‹ K!•+OvcNēBN iN‘] OiuOTL`rWÅ©.JdinOvcrLinOlKÊJ]dJb"W:iNÂKz•v•eil“BD"]y›iRN§²BJPOvDGK:iDG]°³<»µ½¸¸·‘¾"½ ª(†

L!]`N3B1`D"•l•ENBRN‘] O1iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ iDOTLJPOlDGK]:i1J]d` DG] [­NriuOvDÍy:JPOlNh©hcdNPOvcN3B1•EN‹)JbN inJ`J“ O5OvcdNriNBJPOvDGK:i ªƒ

Jri1“BRN`zDFPOlN`šWÂOvcNKBEW: qmwcN iN°iuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ iDOTLJPOvD’Kz]!iŠ©.NBN8DG] [NriuOlD\y!JPOlN`¢•vJ FPOlK BEDG] y¼DG]¢š!K Ovc ªŒ

OvcNDG]•Eb\LN‘]dFNK(•wOvcN`(N]!iDOuWÂK!•5•vKzBRJy(DG]‡y°•EN‹)JbNdiJ]d`-OvcdN¨‹)JPOlNBE]dJbwKBeDÍy(DG]ÂK(•OvcdN¨•EDÍBPivO<N3yy°bGJD`: 

ª(¤

mwcNriRN OT©K±•vJFPOlK BiÄ©.NBN›FcdK­iRN]®š!NFJPLqiN›K•„OvcNDB“KrOlN] OvDGJb„DG]•Eb\LN]dFN›K]¯OvcN›•vN‹)JbN{Ti~iN§

ªª

JbGbGK(FJPOED’Kz]`NF‘DTiDGK!]: 

3……

3…

3 5#ÄR*

3… f

· $½ !½T¾"½º 3…|

mwcNŠšdBuLFcD`8¿ ¸¸ º $µ!µ º+¹ µ¸ ¾Gµ º$À<J]d`¨OvcNY“!JBRJriDOlKDG`¨©J il“¿"³+µE¶<·¸"¹‚µ º1»µ½¸¸·‘¾"½ÀžJ`rL!bOi 3… 

©.NBN8FKbGbNFPOlN`¢•TBRK(‹ FK ©h“!NJ8F$L:bOTL!BRNrin•TBKz‹ÐX<L!B !D"]dJ-pJdiRK~JPOCOvcN8N]d`¢K•5OvcN„BJDG]WÉiNJriRKz]¼D]

3…(†

FPOvK š!NB3ªªŒ: ‚mcdNW ©)NBNʚdBKdL!yc OĚzJF±OlK OvcdN¯bGJšzKzBJ$OvK BuWÈJ]`Ƌ„J i$i–uBNJBN` DG]ÆFbD‹)JPOEDF 3…ƒ

FcdJ‘‹hšNB$iÉL]`NBÌFK]`DOED’Kz]:iÌFbGK:iN®OlK OvcK:iNÆK•¢OTcdND"BÌKBED\y!D"] M K]!NŸ~$fc&||$anŸ˜$f!c f!|a 3…Œ

Ën$fqŸHÂ$fdŒ…ÐB$ £c: ‡¿˜HJ3BuBlKdL!M‘NPOqNOwJ3bT jUzf!…… fÀ  3…(¤

3…ª

µE¶<·Í¶

º$½T¾G½"º¹±· u¶<·$½"¹‚·¾"º 3…

mwcN´iRN§ K(•ÆN JFc Nyy bJD`´L]`N3B&iuL!“NBE“!JBRJriD"OvDi‹ FK]`DOlDGK(]!i ©Jri J]dJ‘bGW:iRN`´LiDG]y J]

NP§d“!NBD‹)N]rOlJbiEWiuOlN‹ DG]h©cDFc¨y!NbJPOlDG]NnFJ“iuLbN i5‹„D‹„DFhiNN`:iC¿EVnJPLOvcDGNBCNPO_J3bT jUo3ªªƒ H.JBEBK L!M NO

$f

NPOÃJ‘b@ Unf!……|UYf!……Œ À$ hs LFc D"]•vKB‹)JPOED’Kz] D˜i `zDG•E•lDF$L:bO)OlK®K š OlJDG]©cN]®“!J3BJriDOlK(D’`®`N[!NbGK“(‹)N]rO 3|

K!FFPL!Bi<©DOvcDG]8OvcNÄiNN`: mcDTinJ3BuOvDG•EDF‘DJb<iEW:iuOlN‹Ð‹)D‹„DFri<Ovc!N¨šBvLFcD`ē L!“:Jb_FcJ‹hšNB1DG]ÄOvcdNÃiN N`

$

J]d`¨N]dJš!bN iOvcdN1Nyy!–ubJWDG]y)JFPOlD’[!DjOuW.K(•³!»µ½¸¸·‘¾"½!•vN‘‹)JbN i_¿˜H.JBEBlKdL!M N$OqNœO‰Jb@ Uf!……|U f!……Œ À 

†

3ƒ

µE¶<·Í¶

º$½@¾"½Gº¹±· u¶<·$½G¹·¾\º½T¾ µE¶5º )¾"··¹

¸·º 3Œ

· ¾"½ !·¶ ºœ½T¾G·)µ!·5º$µE¶<·\¶ ºœ½T¾G½"º¹

¤

m_K±`NœOlNBl‹¨DG]!N~OvcN¯iRN§ÆK•NJFc K(•¨OT©.K±Nyy:i°bJD`¯L!]`!NBÅiuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹ ¿EDu jN  <OvcN¯iRN§ BJ$OEDGK 3ª

`NFDTiDGK(])‹J`NŠšW-J1BJ]`K!‹ •vN‹„JbNYDG]8J1yBK L!“)JœO‰Kr[!DG“!K­iDjOEDGK] ÀRU:JŠyBlK L!“„K•OlN3]¨y!N3bJ$OvD"]!NnFJ“:ivL:bN i

$f!…

NJFc¼FK]rOlJDG]DG]yÉK]N o¹ µ¸ ¾GµzºËhbJBE[zJéJ i.Kz•v•vNBN`¢OlKÉJ8yBlKdL!“¼K•IOlN]~‹)JPOlN`8³C»µ½¸¸· ¾G½

$fw

•lN‘‹)JbNriCFK]•EDG]!N`.OlK8J])JBRN]Jn¿E`DJ‹)NPOlNB~¤.F‹U:cNDGy(c O°f \†.F‹hÀCFKz] OlJD"]DG]yOvcNnFJ“:iuLbN i$ mwcN

$ff

iNbNFPOlDGK]¢šWÌiD"M‘N°¿Eª: T$f…: £f!…~‹¨yÀœ ‰pKdL!BnBN“bGDF JPOlN`~N§d“!NBD"‹)N]rOi‚K(•+OlN3]~K [!DG“!K­iDjOEDG] y²•vN‹)J‘bN i

$f

NJFc8©N3BN¨“!NB•vKBE‹N`ÂJPO5OvcN8iJ‹)N.OvDG‹)N„J]`ÂKd[!DG“!K:iDOED’Kz]:i<©N3BN„K š:iRNBE[!N`°DG]°JBNJBDG]yÅFcJ‹hšNB

$f:†

¿E|| aYŸ(f!|$a<UI$f ËZŸo$f H.UB$ £c :Œ…°À$ Ao§d“!NBDG‹„N] OiI©.NBNh“!NB•vKBe‹.N`ĕvKB+K]NY©)NN°`rL!BDG]y8©cDFrc

$f!ƒ

•lN‘‹)JbNri²“BNriRN‘] OlN` ivLšiuOlJ] OED’J‘b Nyy!–EbGJW!D"]yÁJFPOlD\[!DOuWÁJ]` `zD’`&]KrOÉBvL!] KdL‡O Kz•²iE“!NB‹ DG] OvcN

$f!Œ

iE“!N3Be‹.JPOvcN FJ¿˜H.JBEBK L!M NO<N$O<Jb@ Uf!…… fÀ$ :mwcN3BNY©NBRN‚OT©‚K•vKdL!B–vcK L!B+N$§“!K:iuL!BNh“!NBED’K(`(iN[!N3BRWÂ`JWzU

$f:¤

J]d`ÃOvcN“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ šzNcJ[!DGK L!B1K•I•lN‹)J‘bNri<©.JdiZJ]!Jb\W:iN`ÂJPOoOvcdN„N]d`°K•<NJ Fcē!NBDGK!`: (A_[!NBuW8OlDG‹8N

$f!ª

OT©‚K°Nyy:i5©.NBNnbJDG`K]„OvcN„iJ‹)NhcK:iuOlUNJFcNyy8©J i5OvBJ](i•vN3BEBN`Kz] OvK°J‚` D"•l•ENBRN‘] OoL!]‡“!JBJriDjOED\M‡N`

3|…

cK:iuOŠJ]`¼`N“!K:iDOlN`~DG]¼JÄ`D•v•EN3BN]rOnFN‘bGb<DG]ÉJ„ˆwbN§!DGy(bJ iicNNPOŠFbGK­iRN`¢šW J-ˆ‰bN§!DGy!bJriFK [!N3B–eibGD`(N 3|

L!]rOlDGb<N‹)NBEy!N]FNK(•<OvcN8“!JBJriDOlK!DG`~J`rLbOi$ 5s!NP§¼BJ$OEDKÉFJb’FPL:bJPOlDGK]:i1©NBRNÄFJ3BEBDN`~K LO1K]b\WÅ©cN]

3| f

š!K OvcÅNyy:iŠ`NP[!NbGK“!N` ivLFFN ii•TLbb"W qmcdN iRN§ÅBJPOvDGK°©J iY‹)NJ iuL!BN`ÅJriOvcN„“BK“!K B˜OvD’Kz]ÅK•+•lN‹)J‘bN i 3||

N‹NBEy!DG]y„•TBK!‹®OvcN1FNbbTiCD"]hOvcdNIˆwbGN§!DGy(bJ i5ic!NN$OiUDT jN  rOvcNYiRNFK]`JBEW8iRN§BJPOlDGK r”+O:OvcdN1N]`Kz•‰NJFc 3| 

•vK L!B–ucK L!B_NP§d“!K­ivL!BN+“!NBEDGK!`U!N]rOvD\BRN+“!JPOlFcN i©N3BN+“BN“!JBRN`Y©DOvch]dNP©ÆFJ3“ivL:bNriœ 

3|(†

”+OOvcN1N3]`Kz•qNJF‘c.N§d“:N3BeDG‹)N]rOlJb!`JW!U OvK)`NœOlNBl‹¨DG]!NIOvcdNYiNP§)K!•Jbb!Nyyi_bJD`¨DG]JšiN]FN1K­•

3|ƒ

iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹U©)NhOvBJ]!i•ENBlBN`°NJF‘cÂNyyÅbJD`°DG]°“JBJriDjOEDTi‹ K]rOvK°DOiZcK:iuO<DG]ÂJ.ˆwbN§!DGy(bJ inicN NPO 3|Œ

L!]rOlDGb!N‹„N3BEy!N]F N   3|(¤

3|ª

·

¾"½

¾·¹‚···1µ!·5º$µE¶<·\¶

º$½@¾"½Gº¹

$!…

tE])KB`NBO˜K8`NœOlN$BE‹DG]!NZOvcdN.iRN§8K•OvcdNYDG]`D\[:D`rLJb(©DG]!]D"]yOvcNYb’JBE[!Jb:FK(‹h“NPOvDOlDGKz]dU:ND\y!crOwyBlK L!“:i_Kz•

$w

OlN]ÐDG](iRN‹„DG]!JPOlN`ЕvN‹„JbNri²©NBRN NJ FcÐK•u•lNBN` OlN$]&y!NbJPOlDG]N FJ3“:iuLbN i`J‘Db"WÁ¿˜OT©.K •vK L!B–ucdKdLdB

$f

NP§d“!K­ivL!BNǓ!N3BeD’K(`(ilÀUéDOvc OvcdN iRJ‘‹)N N§d“!NBD"‹)N]rOlJbœBK!FN`rL!BN±“BNP[!D’KdLib\WÁ`N iFBD\šN`: „tE] OvcDTi

$!|

NP§d“!NBD‹)N]rOlUwNJF3cÃOlDG‹„NhOT©KÅNyy:i<©.NBN„bGJD`°K]ÃOvcdNÄiJ‹)N„cK:iuOlU­OvcdN¨cdK­ivOJ]`8OvcN.OT©.K°“!JBJrilDOlKD`

$

Nyy:i+©.NBN8`N3“!K­iDOlN`ÃOvKy!NœOvcdNBnD"] J8FNbb_D"]¼J¨ˆ‰bN§!DGy!bGJ ihicNN$OIL!] OvDGb5N‹)NBEy!N]FN8K(•5OvcNÄiuL!Bv[!D’[DG](y

$:†

“!JBJ iDOlKzD’`¨J`rL:bO 

$!ƒ

$!Œ

· ¾"½ !·¶ ºœ½T¾G·)µ!·5º$·¸vº$µE¶<·Í¶ º$½@¾"½Gº¹

$!ª

m_KÉ`NœOlNBl‹¨DG]!NÃOvcdN¢iN§ Kz•nNJ FcÉN3yyÊbGJD`ÉD"]›iRNb•v–iuL“!NBE“!JBRJriDOlDi‹)UZiD\§‡OlNN]ɋ„J$OlN`~•vN‹„JbN iY©.NBN

†‡…

K•u•vNBRN`„DG]!`zD\[D`rLJbb"W-J]`„`JDb"W-¿˜OT©‚K„•vK L!B–ucK L!B_“!NPBEDK!`(iEÀ_•uD\[NnFJ“:ivL:bN iCNJFc8FK]rOlJ3D"]DG]y-Kz]dNYcK:iuO 

†

AžJFcYOlDG‹„N+OT©.K„Nyy:i©.NBN1bJD`K]YOvcNhiJ‹)NYcdK­ivOlU(NJFc)Nyyh©J iOvBJ3]:i•vNBEBN`K]rOlK)J1`zDG•v•ENBRN‘] OwcdK­ivO

† f

J]d`¨`N3“!K­iDOlN`¨DG]JIˆwb’N§!DGy!bJri5icNNPO‰Jriw“BNP[!D’KdLibGW)`N iFBD\š!N`: 

†‡|

”+O8OvcdN›N]`±K•NJ Fc±N§“!N3BeDG‹)N]rOlJb`JW!UY©.N›`NPOlNBl‹„DG]!N`¯OvcNiN§ÆK(•JbGb)NyyiÅbJD`±D]

† 

“!JBJ iDOEDTi‹±šWYOvBRJ]:i•vNBEBDG]yhOvcN‹ÆKz] OvKYOvcND\BwcdK­ivOqD"].JZˆqbGN§!DGy(bJ i5icdNNPOL!]rOvDGbN‘‹)NBly!N‘]dFN  

††

†‡ƒ

·

¾"½ !·¶ ºœ½T¾G·)µ!· ºÍ¶<·½½IºœµE¶<·\¶

ºœ½T¾"½Gº¹

†‡Œ

m_KÉ`NœOlNBl‹¨DG]dNÃOvcN°iN§ K(•1J] NyyÉbJ‘D`~DG]ÉFKz]!iE“NFD"•lDFÅiuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹U<JÓ!JPOlF3c~K!•IOlN]Åy!NbJPOEDG]!N

†¤

FJ“:ivL:bNriNJrFcFK]rOlJDG]DG] yÂKz]dN ¹ µ¸ ¾"µ º1ËbJBE[!JY©J iK•u•lNBN`ÄDG]„OvcN¨‹.KzBE]DG]y8OlK-OlN3]„[!D\BEy!D]

†‡ª

³°»µ½¸G¸· ¾"½Å•vN‹)J‘bNriÌFK]•EDG]!N` OvKÐJ] JBN3]J  h€)D"]dN BN“bGDF JPOlN` NP§“!NBDG‹)N]rOiÉ©N3BNǓ!N3BE•vKzB‹N`: 

3ƒ…

a<J“:iuLbN iÄ©DOvc “!JBJriDjOEDGM N`±cK:iuOi©N3BNÊDTiKbJPOlN`±JPO‹DG``!JW: 1tE]OvcN›J•OlNBl]K!Kz]dU.•vD\[N›K(•„OvcdNriN 3ƒ

FJ“:ivL:bNriRUNJFcFK]rOlJD\]DG]yKz]!Nn“!JBJriDOlDGM N`8cK:iuOlU(©.NPBN‚Kz•v•vNBN`¨OlKJ]8DiRK(bJPOlN`„‹)JPOlN`„•vN‹)JbN¨¿v]

3ƒ f

†²BN“!bGDFJPOlNriEÀœ  cdN]J ‹)JPOlN`•vN‹)JbN bJD`¯K]NÉNyy!UIOvcdN¢OT©‚K®Nyy:iK]ÉOvcNÊiJ‹)NÉcK:iuO©N3BN 3ƒ|

OvBJ]!i•vNBEBN`¨K]rOlK)J1` DG•E•EN3BN]rOqcK:iuO‰J]d`¨`N3“!K­iDOlN`¨DG])JZˆ‰bGN§!D"y!bJ i5ic!NNPOOvKK š OlJDG]YOvc!NYiRN§8K•OvcdNIOT©K 3ƒ 

“!JBJ iDOlKzD’`¨J`rL:bOiœ (s!NP§.BJPOvDGK)FJbGFPLbJ$OEDGK]:i©.NBN1FJ3BEBDGN `¨K L O­K]b’W‚©cN]YšzKdOvcN3yy:iob’J‘D`K]YOvcNYiRJ‘‹)N 3ƒ(†

cK:iuO‰`NP[zNbGKz“!N`-ivLFFNri$i•LbbGW  3ƒƒ

3ƒŒ

¸µ¸ ¾"½º º3¾ ¾G½"ºP¾"½ ¸ ¸ ºœ½"º 3ƒ(¤

m_K„`NOlNBE‹DG]!NYDG•OvcNhiN§-Kz•‰NJFc)Nyy8bGJD`„D"]iuL!“!NBl“!JBJriDOlDTi‹Ç©.J i_BJ]`K!‹¨DGM N`Uz©N1“!NB•vKBE‹N`)Jr]

3Ļ

NP§d“!NrF$OlN`¢š!DG]K(‹)DJb•uBN rLN‘]dFW  cN]ÊbJW!DG]y²J~iD"]!y!bGNÅNyy²Kz]²J°cdK­ivOlU‰³<»µ½¸¸· ¾G½+“BlK(`rLFNriJ]

3Œ…

L!] š!DJ iN`~iN§¼BJPOvD’K~¿eiRNN¨xnNrivL:bjOiEÀ$ t•žOvcdN iRN§ÅBJPOlDGK~`K!Nri1]dKdOZFcdJ] y!NJ]`ÄOT©.K~Nyy:inJ3BNÃb’J‘D`°“!NB 3Œ

cK:iuOlU5OvcN]É©.N ©.KdLbG`›N§“!N FPO.cJbG•.OvcdN~cK:iuOiOvK›cJ$[!N~J~‹)D\§N`–eiN§ÊšdBK!K(`›¿vK]N¢•lNBuOvDGbD"M‘N`UŠD@ N‡ 

3Πf

J rLJBuOlN3BOvKcJ[!NIOT©.K„‹JbNYN3yy:i$  tE]8iuL!“!NBE“!J3BJ iDOEDTi‹UOvcNhiN§BJPOlDGK)Kz•_iuL!Bu[!D\[D"]y-J`rLbOi©.Jdi…: ’†

3Œ 

¿eiRNN.xZN iuLbOiEÀœ mc LiRUDG•YiRN§Ä©)N3BN„Jbb’K(FJ$OlN`ÃOvKÅNyy:iZJPO<BRJ]`K(‹.Uš LO5©DjOvcÅJ„‹)NrJ]“BK“!K B˜OvDGK]ÂK­•

3Œ(†

…: \†8•vN‹„JbN iUo©cdN‘]ÅOT©K²Nyy:i.JBNÄbGJD`~“!NBcK:iuO©N8©K L!bG`ÉN§“NFPOn“BlKz“dKzBTOvDGK](i.K(•n…: £f!ƒ~cK:iuOi 3Œƒ

¿E…: \†1§Â…: ’†$À_OvKÚzNJBoOT©.KÕvN‹)JbNdiRU…: £fcK:iuOi¿E…! dª-§Â…: £!ª À5OvK8š!NJB_OT©‚KċJbNdiJ]d`ą: \†‡…8cK:iuOi 3ŒŒ

¿T…: £!ª¨§Ã…: ’†@…( \†+§…: £!ªuÀwOvK„š!NJ3B<Jh‹¨D\§N`–iN§8šBK!K!`( !mcdNriNn“BKz“dKzBTOvDGK](i_©NBRN.‹hLbOlD"“!bGDNr`

3Œ(¤

šW¼K L!BhiJ‹h“!bN iDGM N¨OlKÅyD’[zN¨OvcN8N§“!NFPOlN`°]rL‹hšNB$i3 mwcDin‹)NrJ]~iRN§!–uBJ$OvDGK¢y!J[!N¨LiŠJ‘]¼N§“!NFPOlN`

3λ

š!DG]K(‹)DJ‘b<•TBN rLN]FW `D˜ivOvBD’š‡LOvDGK]ÉK•hiN§¼BJPOlDGK ‰mcDTiYš!DG]dK(‹DJb`D˜ivOvBED\š LOlDGK] ©¨Jri1OvcN]ÉFK‹h“JBN`

¤‡…

©DOvc„OvcdNN§d“!NBDG‹„N] OlJ‘bq`!JPOlJ¿˜pqD\y L!BN°$À$ Ao§d“!NBD"‹)N] OlJbq`JPOlJY©.NBNYOlJ!N]DG]rOlK°JFFK L!]rOCK]b\W8©cN]

¤

OvcN5OT©KNyy:i‰bGJD`YOlKy!NœOvcdNB_J]d`‚OvcdN]YOvBJ3](i•vNBEBRN`Kz] OvKJ1` DG•u•lNBN]rOqcdK­ivOw`N$[!NbGK“!N`„iuLFFN ii•TL:bb"W 

¤ f

^R–@OlNrivOi5©N3BNYLiN`„OvK°FKz‹h“!J3BNYOvcN.š!DG]dK(‹DJb_N§“!NFOlJOvDGK]J]`„OvcN„N§d“!NBD"‹)N]rOlJbq`!JPOlJh•vKzB

¤‡|

Nyy!–eiRNP§ FK(‹hš!DG]!JPOvDGK]:i8“BK!`rLFN`ʚWyBK L!“:iK•„•lN‹„JbN iU+OvcNÉNyy!–iN§ FK(‹hš!DG]!JPOlDGK](i8š!NPOT©.NN]

¤ 

iDG] y!bN1J‘]d`hyBKdL!“:iKz•q•vN‘‹)JbN iU!J]`YOlK„J3]Jb\W:iN1D"•‰Kz•v•i“BDG] y8iN§BRJPOvDGK:i©N3BNIL!] š!DJdiRN`¿ DbTiK]J]`

¤†

Ž.JB` WUhf!…… fÀ$ 1” ]dKz]d–u“!JBJ‹NPOvBDGFÌ`NriDGy(] ¿˜}²J]]– cDjOE]dNW g–TOlNriuOvÀ8©J iÄLiN`¯OvK±J]dJ‘bGW:iRN OvcN

¤‡ƒ

`D"•v•lNBN]rO)K•v•eil“BeDG]y±iN§ÌBJPOlDGK:i$ <”Y]dJ‘bGW:iRNdi©)NBRN~FJBBDGN`ÌKdLOh©.DOvc®s OlJPOvDiuOlDGFJÊiK!•OT©JBRN~¿s OlJOiEK•O

¤‡Œ

tE]dF  £À$ r”bN[!Nb!K(•w† &©.JriLiN`‚Ovc‡BEK L!ycK L OOvK`NœOlN3Bu‹)D"]!NYiDGy!]DG•EDFrJ]dFN  

¤¤

¤‡ª

¥ :G

3ª…

· ¸¸ ¾G½ µE¶5º ¾"· ·¹ ¸·º 3ª

³»µ½¸¸· ¾"½q•vN‹„JbN i<DG]ÄyBK L!“:i<bGJD`-OT©.KNyy:i<K]¨OvcdN-iRJ‹„NhcdK­ivOw©DOvc8J]„L] š!DJriN`°iN§BJ$OvDGK¢s x 3ª f

…: \†‡Œ …: j…(†¿u] ›3…yBEK L!“:i_K•OlN])•vN‘‹)JbN i©.cDFc)bTJDG`¨f!… )“!JD\B$i5K•wN3yyi ^ ›3|: j|(¤‡U:`: £•  ªUzˆ

3ª|

Ņ: T$À$ ‡mcdNriNn•vN‘‹)JbN io“BRN‘•vN3BN]rOlDGJbb"W)bJD`.OT©.K8Nyy(iCK•OvcNhiJ‹)NhiN§-Kz]hOvcNhiJ‹)NYcdK­ivO_¿Eƒ Œƒ

3ª 

K•wFb\LOlFcNrilÀU:J]`„DG])|Œ: jŒ(† K•wFJdiRNriwOT©K„•vN‹)JbNYNyy:i$ dmcdNriNnKdšiRNBu[N`)Fb’LOlF3c¨“!N3BFN]rOlJy!N i5DG]8J 3ª(†

•lN‘‹)JbNh“!Kz“ LbGJPOlDGK]`zDG•v•ENBRN`ĕTBK(‹ OvcdK­iRN¨N$§“NFPOlN`8•TBKz‹ JYš!DG]K(‹)DJb‰`zDTiuOvBD\š LOvD’Kz]¿

^ Œ: jƒU`: £• 

3ªƒ

f!U ˆ °…! … f:† À‰¿˜pqD\y L!BN„$À$ 

3ªŒ

tE]Ť! jƒ(† K•<Fb’LOlF3c!NriUš!K Ovc°N3yy:i1bJ‘D`ÃOlKy!NOvcNB1•vJDb@N`ÃO˜K¢`N$[!NbGK“!UwJ‘]d`°D"] | f ’†‡ƒ ELivOKz]dN„Nyy 3ª(¤

•lJ‘DbN`YOvK„`N$[!NbGK“ 

3ªª

f!……

· Yºœµ$»½»½ <¶ · ¸

½„½º$µE¶<·Í¶

º$½@¾"½Gº¹

µE¶5º ¾G· ·¹

¸·º f!…

”n•OlNB5bJBE[!Jb•EDGy(c OiUzOvcdN.iRN§8BJPOvD’K8K(•5iuL!Bu[!D\[DG]y„“JBJriDOlK!DG`(io©.JrioL] š!DJriN`)¿s x …: ’† ¼…: j…Œ :]

f!… f

“!JPOlFcdNri_K•I3…•vN‹„JbNri©.cDFcbJD`°3|(¤n“!JD\Bi_K!•N3yy:i

^Äf \†‡ŒU!`( £•  °|U ˆ °…: £f!Œ À_J]`Y©.Jriw]K O f!…|

`D"•v•lNBN]rOn•TBK‹ÐOvcN~s x K•nNyy:iYšzN•vKzBN„OvcNbJ3BR[zJbI•lD"y!crOi‚¿E…: \† …: j…Œ [i$ w…: \†‡Œ …: j…(†‡U} J]]–

f!… 

cDOl]NWhg.–˜OlNrivOœŸq…: \†3Urˆ q…: ƒª À  f!…(†

tE]°  \†  ÁKz•wiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ÆF JriN iRUdšzKdOvcN3yy:iw•vJDbTN`‚O˜K`NP[!NbGK“ 

f!…ƒ

f!…Œ

· h· :º<¸ ½„½w¶ ºœ½T¾G½"º¹ µE¶5º .¾"· ·3¹ ¸·º )½!½»½!µ ¸·¹ ¸·3º f!…(¤

pqN‹)JbN i)DG]ÉyBKdL!“:i“!J3BJriDOlD\M N`²cK:iuOn©hDOvc²J3]~L:] š!D@JriN`›iN§²BJ$OvDGK›¿s x …: £!ƒ±…: j…| C] &$f f!…ª

“!JPOlFcdNriZK(•h3…°•EN‹)JbNdi<©cDFcē!J3BJ iDOEDGM N`Äf!ƒ|°cK:iuOEi ^ ²ª: jŒ(¤‡Uw`: £•  ±3Uˆ ›…: \†† À$ mwcDihiRN‘§

fw3…

BJPOvD’K¢Din`DG•E•lNBN]rO•TBK‹ OvcdJPO<“BK!`rLFN`ÚW D˜iRK(bJPOlN`°•lN‘‹.J‘bN iZ¿s x ›…: jƒ| …: … !U] ±†ÄDTiRK(bJPOlN`

fw

•lN‘‹)JbNri~©cDFcƓ!JBJriDOlDGM N` f:†‡ª cK:iuOi h}²J]]– cDOl]NWÆg–TOlNriuOœŸq–uf j|3U¨ˆ q…! … fÀÅ©hcD’F‘cÈDui fw$f

•lN‘‹)JbNIš!DJdiRN`¿

^f:†! jƒª U!`( £•  ²$!Urˆ °…! …| À  fw3|

ff \¤‡Œ Kz•‰Nyyi5bJD`„DG])“!JBJ iDOlD˜i‹ •lJD"bN `.OlK8`N$[!NbGK“¨©‚cN]8K [!DG“!K­iDOlDG] y8•lN‹„JbNri_©NBRNYDG]„yBK L!“:iU fw$

J]d` 3ƒ: £:† ÐDG]YOvcdN1FJriN1K•DTiRK(bGJPOlN`•vN‹„JbNriœ 

fw†

fw3ƒ

· h· :º<¸ ½„½hº$·¸ º\¶<·½½<º$µE¶<·Í¶ º$½@¾"½"º¹ ½!½»½!µ ¸ ·¹ ¸·3º fw3Œ

tiRKzbGJ$OlN`¨³w»µ½¸G¸·‘¾"½_•vN‘‹)JbNri“BK(`rLFN`°J¨•vN‹)JbN–uš!DJ iRN`¢iN§ÂBJPOvDGKÅDG]¢iRN‘b•v–iuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹ ¿s x fw¤

…: jƒ(¤ ²…: j…(†‘U] ±3ƒÄ•lN‹)J‘bNri<©cDFc°bJD`²† °“!JD\B$inKz•žNyy:i ^ ɍ!Œ: £f!ªUw`! •  ±†‡Uˆ ²…: j……(†À$ 

fw3ª

pqN‹)JbN i_bJD`K]NnNyyh©DOlcJ]hL:] š!DJriRN`ÃiRN§)BJ$OvDGK„K]JYcdK­ivOwJ3b\BNJ` W)“!JBJriDjOEDGM N`¨šW¨JYFK](il“!NFD•EDF ff!…

[!DGBEy!D"])•vN‹„JbNn¿s x …: \† …: j…ƒU] ʆ‚•EN‹)JbN i©.cDFc8iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDGM N`°$f)cK:iuOi

^›†! j… !U ffw

`: £•  $!U­ˆ …: j|Œ À$ :mwcNYOT©‚K¢iRNP§BJPOlDGK:iKdš‡OlJDG]N`ÄD]„OvcN iNYOT©.K¢iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOvD˜i‹ÁFK]`DOED’K(](iJBN fff

iD\y!]D•EDFJ] OEb\W.`zD•E•EN3BN]rO‰¿˜}²J3] ]– cDjOE]dNW‚g–˜OlN iuOœŸ –vf ’† f!Urˆ q…: j…$À  ff!|

tE].ƒ: f K•oivL!“!NBE“!JBRJriDOlD˜i‹ FJriN iRUzš!K OvcNyy:i_K!•­Ovc!NYiRJ‹„N1“!JD\B5•vJDbN`hOlK„`NP[zNbGKz“!U!J]d`¨D]

ff

|Œ: \†† ÐK•qFJriN iU!Kz]dN1Nyy•vJ‘DbN`YOlK¨`N$[!NbGK“ 

ff:†

ff!ƒ

¹¶ œ½"º ›ºœ· ¹ ½ ¾"½º · ¾<·· ½!½»½!µ ¸·¹ ¸·º ¹ ·¹ ¸·3º ¹ ff!Œ

µE¶

ff:¤

mwcN°Nyy!–iN§ FK(‹hš!DG]!JPOlDGKz]!i)KdšiNBE[zN`ÊDG]›iNb"•l–eivL!“!NB“!JBJriDOlDTi‹ ¿ENyy:i)bJD`~šW²D˜iRK(bJPOlN`ɕvN‹„JbN iEÀ ff!ª

`D"•v•lNBN`ʕTBRK(‹ OvcK:iNÅKdš‡OlJDG]N`²D"]ÌJ°yBK L!“›¿

^ &œ|: ˜3ªU`( £•  f!Užˆ ±…( j……(† À¿TpDÍy L!BN°fÀ$ 5mwcN f!|…

“!NBFN]rOlJy!NK•OT©‚K!–u•vN‹)JbN–ENyyÂF‘b\LOlFcdNri5©.Jdi  jƒ(†OTD‹„N i<yBNJPOlNB<DG]ÅiNbG•E–eivL!“:N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ OvcJ]D]

f!|

iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹®©DOlchBJ3]`K(‹Æ•EN‹)JbNri_•TBK(‹ÆJ+yBK L!“: 

f!| f

f!||

f!| 

cdN]ÊDG]²yBKdL!“:iRU³»µ½¸G¸·‘¾"½1•vN‹)J‘bN i“BK!`rLFN`²J]~L!] š!DJriN`ÊK(•v•iE“BDG] y®iRN§²BRJPOvDGKʕTBK:‹

f!|(†

“!JBJ iDOEDÍM N`8J]`ÄivL!“:NBl“!JBJriDOlDGM N`„cdK­ivOi$ tiKbGJPOlN`„•vN‘‹)JbN i5“BK!`rLFN`8JY•vN‹)JbN–˜š!DJ iN`ÄiRN§-BJPOlDGK8D]

f!|ƒ

“!JBJ iDOEDTi‹ J]` iRN‘b•v–iuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹„U°š LOÌJ] L:] š!DJ iN`ÐKz•v•eil“BD"]y iN§ÁBJPOvDGK DG]ÁFKz]:il“!NFD•EDF f!|Œ

iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹8 mocdNriN¨“!J$OOlNBE]!i1K•+iN§ÂBJPOvDGKĚ!NcdJ[!D’KdL!B1DG]8OvcD˜i‚iE“!NFDN i1JBRN„FK](iDTiuOlN3]rO5©DjOvcÃOvc!N f!|(¤

“BN`DGFPOlDGK](iÂK(•OvcN Ëw}Ìa ‹K!`Nb¿˜Ž.J‘‹)DGbOlKz]dUÄ3ªƒŒ NBEBRN‘]dUÄ3ª(¤‡… )scrL !NBÂNPOJbT jUYf!……(† Àœ +tE]

f!|ª

`D"•v•lNBN]rO_“!JBRJriDOlK(DG`Äil“!N F‘DNriRU•lN‹„JbNriDG]!FBNJriRNYOvcNY“!BK“K BTOvDGKz]-K(•OvcNDGB1iK](i_©c!N]8K OvcNB<•vN‹)J‘bN i f!…

JBNn“BNriN] OC¿hDG]y!U53ª(¤‡ŒU53ªª| Ào©DOlcJY“BN`zDFPOlN`8K•v•ei“BDG] yÅiN§BJPOlDGKJ““BK!JFcDG] yÂNrLJbDjOuWÿs x fw

̅: ’† Àœ :”&FKz]!iE“!NFD•lDF8N3yy~K]ÅJ„cdK­ivO1FKdL!bG`ÅJbTiKÅD"]•vKB‹ J]¢DTiRK(bGJPOlN`ÅK [!D\“!K:iDOEDG]‡y~•lN‘‹)JbN8Kz•5Ovc!N ff

“BNriRN]!FN1K•“ LOlJPOvD\[!N1FK](il“!NFD•EDF1•vN‘‹)JbN i_N[!N]D"•_ic!N+]N[!N3B_N‘]dFK L!]rOlNBiOvcN‹8  tE]YOvcDTi5iDjOTLJPOED’Kz]dU(J f!|

•lN‘‹)JbNFrJ]JbOlNBcNBniN§ÂJbbGK!FJPOlDGK]°J i+“BN`zDGF$OlN`ÚWËw}Ìa®¿scrL NBJ]` N iuOlUf!…… wscrL NBNPO f

JbT jU:f!……ƒ À$ ³ »µ½¸¸· ¾"½q•vN‹„JbN i<`N“!K:iDOlN`8JiN§8BJ$OEDGKD"]iDOTLJPOlDGK]8K(•_FK]:iE“!NF‘D•uDF„iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹

f:†

iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ šWBRJ‘]d`K(‹ •vN‹)JbN i_DG]8J+yBK L!“h©J i5`DG•E•lNBN]rO‰•TBKz‹±©cdJPO©Jri_•vK L:]d`¨•vKBoDTiRK(bGJPOlN`

f!Œ

•lN‘‹)JbNriL:]d`NB8iN‘bG•l–eiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJ iDOlDTi‹ ¿eiRNN~JbTiK H.JBBK L!M NONOJbT jU<f!……| À$ 

[!NBRJ‘bGbUžOvcdN iN°BN iuLbOi f:¤

iuL!yy!N iuOÉOvcJ$O°³¢»µ½¸G¸· ¾G½~•vN‹)JbN iFJ]ÐFK]rOvBlKzbOvc!N Nyy!–eiRN§ FK‹.š!DG]!JPOlDGK]:iDG] OvcNÈ`zD•u•lNBN]rO f!ª

iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ iDOTLJPOvDGK]:i_J]Jb"WdM N`cNBN1J3]`¨DG]J])NJBbGDNB5iuOTL`rW  f:†‡…

tE]‚yBNy!JBDGK Liw“!JBJ iDOlKzD’`­iRUdOvcdNYiNP§BRJPOED’K„K•N3yy:iob’J‘D`hšWhOvcN1•uDGBivOq•vN‘‹)JbNŠDTiLqiuLJbb"W)•vN‹„J bTN f:†

š!DJ iN`U:©hcDbN•vKzBNyy:i<bJDG`ÄDG]ÂFK](iE“!NF‘D•EDF„iuL!“!NBE“!JBJ iDOEDi‹&šWÂJ-iRNFK]`ĕvN‹)JbN‚OvcdN„iN§BJPOlDGKÄDTi f:† f

‹)JbNYš!DJ iN`8¿NBEBN]dUž3ª(¤‡…qs(c L !NB<NPOCJbT jU:f!……(† À$ !mcdNBN•vKBNU‹.J‘bNricJ$OlFcDG]yĕTBK!‹ OvcdNhNyyi<K(•

f:†‡|

OvcNiNFK]`8•lN‘‹)JbNhc!J[zNhJYy!K!K(`8F3cJ]FNK•o‹)JPOlDG] y8©DOvc8•lN‹„JbN i<cJPOlF3cD"]y•TBK(‹ÆOvcN¨•vDGBiuOCFbLOlFc  f:† 

mwcN¨iRNrFKz]d`ÕlN‹„JbNhFJ]OvcNBNšWDG]!FBN JriRNŠOvcNFcJ]dFrN‚Kz•w“BK“!Jy!JPOvDG]‡yÄcdNB5y!N]N i<J$OCJ.b’Kd© N]NBEy!W f:††

FK:iuOR rpqK BCJ.iRKzbGDOlJBEW)“!JBJ iDOlK(DG`UiRKz‹)NY•vDOl]N ii_y!JDG]8F K L!bG`¨š!NnN§“!N FPOlN`•TBK(‹±OvcNhiN FK]`„N3yy¨©cdNr]

f:†‡ƒ

cK:iuOiJ3BNF‘bjL:‹“!N`°¿lVYK!` •TBJWdU+3ªª À+J]d`ÄDG•oOEcdN„iNF Kz]d`ÄNyyÂbJD`ÄDG]ÂFKz]:il“!NFD•vDFÃiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJ iDOlDTi‹

f:†‡Œ

cJ i.J cDGy!c²FcJ]FNÂK(•n`(N[zN‘b’Kz“!DG]y²Jri)JÄBNrivL:bjO‚K(•+OvcN°•EDGBivO‚Nyy²`dW!DG]y²`rL!BDG] y›bJBv[!Jb+•EDGy!crOiRUCš!W f:†¤

K [!DGFD`N1KB_`rLBlD"]‡y)`N[zNbGKz“!‹)N]rO‰`rLNžO˜K„Nyyh]dKz]d–˜[!DJš!DbDjOuW  f:†‡ª

s L!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDi‹ c!Jri1K!•OlN]ĚNN]°bD"] !N`ÃOlKÅJ„FK‹h“NPOvDOlD’[zNÄiuL!“!NBDGKBDOvWÂK(•<K]NÄiN§¼¿ hDG]yU f!ƒ…

3ª(¤‡Œ À$ mwcDTi1“(cdN]K(‹N]dKz]ÄOlN3]`(i+OlKŕvJP[!K L!B+OvcNÄiRNP§Å©hcDFcÅD˜iOvcN„š!NPOTOlNBbJBu[!JbCFK(‹h“!N$OEDOlKBI[!D’JÄJ f!ƒ

š!DJ iN`°iN§BJPOvD’K°¿s L!ML DqNPOžJbT jUI3ª(¤ ![!J]„HD !N]J]` JJy!NUI3ª(¤‡Œ À$ !tE]h³ »µ½¸¸· ¾"½ ©.NhFJ3]]K O f!ƒ f

`NPOlNBl‹¨DG]!N®‹KBE“cdK(bGKy(DGFJ‘bb"WÆ©cDFc iRN§ D˜iÅOvcN›š!NOOlN3B~F3K‹h“!NPOlDOlKzB¼JriÅ©.N®JBN›L!]JPš!bN›OlKÁiRNP§

f!ƒ|

DG]!`zD\[D`rLJ‘bTiÉDG] OvcdN®NJ3Beb\W bJBE[zJ‘b°ivOlJy!NriRUÃDT jN  J$Oŋ)Kz‹N] OiÉK•ÅbJ3Bu[Jb8•EDGy(c OiU„]K ]dKz]d–RDG] [zJriD\[N f!ƒ 

OlNFc‡]DrLNZšzN‘DG]y)J[!JDbJš!bNIOlK„iNP§)NJFc¨DG]d`zD\[D`rLJb(šzN•vKzBN1bGJBE[zJ‘b!•EDGy!crOi$ Ž.Kd©.NP[!N3BUzDjODTiw“!K:iiD\š!bNIOvK f!ƒ(†

iN§ DG]`D\[:D`rLJbTi›J•OlNB²bGJBv[J‘b•EDGy!crOi~šW `N$OlNBE‹DG](D] y “(b’K(D`dW bN[NbTiUN‘DjOvcNBɚW FK L!]rOvDG] y Ovc!N f!ƒƒ

Fc‡BK(‹K:iK‹N i8¿TgN]KJ]d`›m_J‘]dJ!JU„3ªªŒ À-KzBšW›•Eb’Kd© FW OlK(‹NPOvBEWÌ¿E”1BK]›NPO¨J‘b@ U+f!……| Àœ <mcdNriN f!ƒŒ

“!bGK(DG` WÊOlNF‘c]DrLNri)©NBRN~]K OhLiN`›DG]ÊOvcdN~“BNriN] Oh©KB J3]` ©.NÊiD‹“!b"WJ‘]!JbGW:iN`ÌOvcdNÊiN§K­•

f!ƒ(¤

iuL!Bv[!D’[zKzBi5J$OOvcND\BCJ`rLbO5ivOlJy!N  rŽ‚K ©.NP[!NBRU(DO_Di_“!K:iiD"š!bN+OlK8FJbGF$L:bJPOlN+OvcN1“ LOlJœOvD\[zN.iRN§)BJ$OEDGK:iCKz•OvcN f!ƒª

iuL!Bv[!D’[DG]y)J`rL:bjOi5JFFKB`zDG]‡y.OlKh©hcD’F‘c)iN§)DTiOvcdNZšzNPOTOvNB_FKz‹h“!N$OEDOlKBw¿THJBlBEK L!M NOwNO‰JbT jUf!……| À$ r”n•OlNB f!Œ…

yBK L!“Æ¿u•vD"y L!BRN $ÀRU¨DG•°•lN‘‹)JbN¯bJBE[!JN¯J3BNÊOvcNʚ!NPOTOlN$B¼FK‹h“!NPOvDOlKBiUYOvcdN iRNP§ÆBJPOvD’K Kz•ÅiuL!Bv[!D’[DG](y f!Œ f

K•u•iE“BDG] y°©DbbwšN8…: Œƒ ‰D"•‹)J‘bN inJBRN¨OvcN¨š!N$OTOlNB1FK ‹“!NPOlDOlK BiRUOvcNÄiRNP§ÅBJPOlDGK°©hDGbb_š!N8…: j|(¤ wJ]d`¢D•

f!Œ|

‹)JbN8J]d` •lN‹)J‘bN8cJ[!N8N rLJ‘b_FcdJ‘]!FNrinK•ž©.D"]]!DG]y°OvcN„FK(‹h“!NPOlDOvDGK]UOvcdNÄiN§ÅBJPOvD’K©.Dbbwš!N8…: \†‡Œ: 

f!Œ 

mwcN~iN§²BJPOlDGK›K•iuL!Bu[!D\[D"]yÌJ`rLbOi„DG]iuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹ N§“NBDG‹„N] Oih©DOvcK LO.Nyy~OvBJ]!i•vNBh©J i f!Œ(†

…: \†3U¨iuL!yy!N iuOvDG] yOvcJPO-]NDOlcNB°‹)JbNri°]dKzB•lN‘‹)JbNri°cdJ[!N›FK‹h“NPOvDOlD\[!N¯ivL!“!NBDGKzBDOvW 1mwcD˜iBN ivL:bO f!Œƒ

`D"•v•lNBi1•TBK!‹ OvcdK­iRNKdš‡OlJ‘DG]dN`ÚW8H)JBlBKdL!M‘NœOžNœOžJbT :¿vf!……| À+DG]°iNb"•l–eivL!“!NBE“!JBJ iDOlDTi‹ÐFK]`DOlDGK(]!iJ‘]!`

f!ŒŒ

•TBK(‹ ©cDF‘c°OvcdN°JPLOvcKBiiuL!yy!N ivOlN` OvcdJPO1•vN‹)JbN in©NBRN-OvcdNÚ!NPOTOlN3BhFK‹h“!NPOvDjOlKzBiœ wmwcN`zDG•E•lNBN]F N f!Œ(¤

K š:iN3Bu[!N`DG].OvcDTi5il“!NFDNdiJPš!K LO©hcDGFc„iRN§„DTiOvcdNZšzNPOO˜NB_FK‹h“!NPOvDOlKB_F3KdL!bG`YšzNŠbD"] !N`‚O˜KYOvcN+y!N]dNPOEDF f!Œª

KBED\y!D"] K(•5OvcNFKz‹‚“:NPOvDjOlKzBiœ  ÌcN]ÄOvcdNBNJBN8‹D’§N`–œiRN§¼Fb’LOlF3cNri‚D"]ÉiRN‘b•v–iuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹„U_bJ3Bu[Jrb f:¤‡…

•EDGy!crOi+OlJ!N„“b’JrFN-šzNPOT©NN]ÉiD’šbGDG]yiRU‰©cdNBNJ iYDG]²iuL“!NBE“!JBJ iDOEDi‹ šW J„yBKdL!“ Kz••EN‹)JbN iRU‰OvcdNriN f:¤

•EDGy!crOih“BRKdšzJPš!b"W K(FF$L!BYš!NPOT©.NN]¢OT©.K~L!] BNbGJPOlN` bGJ3BR[zJN  wt]¢OvcDTiF JriRNUIDjOhDTih“!K:iiD\šbNÃOvcJPO‚`rL!BDG] y f:¤ f

FK](il“!NFD•vDF›•vDGy(c OiĚ!N$OT©NN3]OvcdN OT©.K iN$§!N iU¨iRK(‹N›bGJBE[zJ‘b•lN‹„JbNri JBNÊ]dKrO8y!KK!`®F3Kz‹h“!N$OEDOlK Bi f:¤‡|

¿˜šzNFJPLqiNnK(•wJ‚`N‘bJW8DG]8c!JPOlF3cD"]y-KzBCJYbGJ3BEy!Nh`D"•l•ENBRN‘]!FNYDG]ÄiDGM‡NY•vKzBCN§!J‹“(bNÀCJ]`„•lN‹„JbNhNyy:ižJBN f:¤ 

OvcrLiN‘bGD‹„DG]!JPOlN`YšWbJBE[!Jb!‹)J‘bN i$ 

f:¤†

s!K‹Nē!K(DG]rOi.Jš!K L O‚KrL!BNP§d“!NBDG‹„N] OlJ‘bž`(NriDGy!]É]NN` O˜K šzN°FbJ3BeDG•EDN`: wtE] KdL!B.FKz]!iE“!NFD•EDTF f:¤‡ƒ

iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ N§“!N3BeDG‹)N]rOlU:NJFc8N3yy8D"]DjOEDJbbGW8bJD`8K]cK:iuOiw©.Jri5‹JbNn¿˜OvcNW©N3BNŠ“BRK(`rLFN`.š!W f:¤‡Œ

[!DGBEy!D"])•EN‹)JbNriEÀCJ]`.OvcdN.iRN§„BRJPOvDGK8K•wNyy:iCbGJD`„DG])FK](il“:NFDG•EDFhiuL!“NBE“!JBJ iDOEDTi‹ šW-DTiK(bGJ$OlN`„‹JPOlN`

f:¤¤

•lN‘‹)JbNri1DTinK]b"WBNbN[J]rO_OvKÃOvcDi‚iDOTLJPOlDGKz] :tE•oOvcdN„•EDBivONyy:i<©N3BN¨•vN‹)JbN iRUwJ„`D"•l•ENBRN‘] O1iN$§°BJ$OEDGK f:¤‡ª

FK L!bG`h“!KdOlN3]rOvDGJbbGWšN1Kdš‡OlJ‘DG]dN`:  mwcDTi<iuL!““!K:iN iOvcJ$Ow•lN‘‹.J‘bN i_FK LbG``zDTiFBDG‹„DG]!JPOlNIOvcdN.iRN§¨K(•qJ‘])Nyy f!ª…

“BNriRN]rOIKz]ÂJ„cK:iuOJ3]`°J`J3“ O5OvcND\BBN“BK!`rLFœOvD\[zNÄiuOvBlJPOlNyDGN iZ¿RbJW!DG]yÅKB+]KrOžbGJW!D"]y¼J]ÂNyyÅK]ÃOvc!N f!ª

“!JBJ iDOEDÍM N`ÇcdK­ivOlU¨bGJW!DG]y J‹JbN¯KB¼J›•vN‘‹)JbNÀ$ 1pL!BvOvcNBÉiTOTL` DGN i¼JBN›BNrLD\BN` O˜KÇ[!NBDG•uW OvcDui f!ª f

c W“!K OvcN iD˜iœ  NZ©.NBNnJb˜iRK¨L!]Jš!bNZOlK)` DTiuOvDG] y LDTicÄiNb•v–oJ]`)FK](iE“NFDG•EDF.ivL!“:N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ÈKdš‡OlJ‘DG]!N`

f!ª|

DG]¯ivL!“!NBE“!JBRJdiDjOEDTi‹ šWÌJ°yBK L!“²Kz•h•lN‹)J‘bNriœ  NÅF J]²J iivL:‹)NÄOvcJ$OYšzKdOvc~OvcdNriN~iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹

f!ª 

FK]`DOlDGKz]!iK!FFPL!BEBRN`ÉJ]`ɕTL!BuOvcNB)iuOTL` DNriJ3BN°JbTiKÊBN rL:D\BRN`¢OvK²J]JbGW:iN8OvcD˜i‚“!K(DG]rO pqDG]!J‘bGbGW!UoOvcN f!ª(†

OvDG‹)N¨`NbJWĚzNPOT©.NN]„OvcN•ED\B$iuOžJ]d` iRNrFKz]d`ÄNyyÂbJD`8‹„JWÂ`DG•E•EN3BIš!N$OT©NN3]°JhyBK L!“Ã[zNBivLiJ-iDG]y!bTN f!ªƒ

•lN‘‹)JbNYiDOTLJPOlDGK]: ‡mcDTiOvDG‹)N1`NbJW.FK L:bG`JbTiK„DG]•vb’LN]dFNIOvcNYiRN§.BJPOvDGK)`NFDiDGK(]K•qJŠ•vN‹)JbN   f!ªŒ

mwcNŋ„J KB•uDG]!`DG]y›K•ŠOvcdN°“BNriN] O„ivOTL`rW²D˜ihOvcdJPO³ +»µ½¸¸·‘¾"½1•vN‹)J‘bNri“BRK(`rLFNÅ` DG•E•lNBN]rO f!ª(¤

K•u•iE“BDG] yÐiN§ BJPOvD’K­i²JFFKB` DG] y OvK OvcN±`DG•u•lNBN] O~“!J3BJriDOlDi‹ J‘]d`&iuL!“!NBE“!J3BJriDOlDTi‹ iDOTLJ$OEDGK]:i f!ªª

J]dJ‘bGW:iN`J]`„OvcJPO_OvcN iN„iN§BJPOvD’Kē!JPOOlN3BE](iJBRN¨FKz]!iD˜ivOlN]rO_©DOvc„OvcdNYËo} aOvcNKzBEW :mwcDTiFKz]•lD\B‹Äi

|……

K L!BYBNFN]rO‚K š:iRNBu[zJPOED’Kz]ÅOvcJPOn•vN‹)JbN i.FJ]É`D˜iF3BeDG‹)D]J$OlNÚ!NPOT©.NN]¢L] “!J3BJriDOlDGM N`ÉJ]`~“!JBRJdiDjOED\M‡N`

|…

cK:iuOi‚¿˜H.JBEBlK L!M NœOŠNœOZJb@ U_f!……Œ ÀhJ]d` ivL!yy!NriuOi1OvcJ$O1•vN‹JbNdi‚FJ]œBK š!JPš!bGW `zDTiF3BeD‹„DG]!JPOlN„š!NPOT©.NN]

|… f

cK:iuOi<“!J3BJriDOlD\M N`8šWÅJFK](il“!NrFDG•EDF¨•lN‹)J‘bNKBžšW8Ovc!N‹8iNb\[Nriœ z}²K:iuOC“!JBJ iDOlKzD’`ĕEN‹)JbNriJBN)Jš!bN

|…|

OvK` DiF3BeDG‹)D"]!J$OlN š!N$OT©NN]ÉL:]‡“!JBJriDjOEDGM N`J]`²“!JBJriDGOvD\M N`›cK:iuOi-¿EJ]ÌJš!DbDOuWÌBN•lNBEBN`ÉOvKJri)cK:iuO

|… 

`DiFBDG‹„DG]!JPOlDGKz]‡À_¿utibGJ‹ÈJ]`a<Kz“bJ]`Uf!……… À$  mwcN1bGN[!Nb:K•‹)JB!NBwBNFKy]DOlDGK]FK L!bG`.[zJBEW)J‹K(] y

|…(†

iE“!NF‘DNriRUiK(‹Nn•EN‹)JbN i5š!NDG]y8Jš!bNŠOlK8` DiF3BeD‹„DG]!JPOlN+šNPOT©.NN]„cdK­ivOi_“!JBJriDOlD\M‡N`¨šWOvcNDGBCKd©‚]8Nyyi

|…ƒ

J]d` OvcdK­iRNšWÌFKz]!iE“!N FD"•lDFÅNyy:i)¿u[zJ‘]~H.D N]²J]` J Jy!NU3ª(¤‡Œ zb!b1J]d` } JFJPLNBU3ªª…

|…Œ

g.N]K!Uo3ªª ÀUz©‚cDbNnKdOvcdNBiiNN‹ L]Jš!bNŠOlK8` KÄiRK8¿@XZJDJ]`¨} JFJPLNBU_3ªª… À$ rŽ.Kd©.NP[!N3BU(]NDOlcNB

|…(¤

OvcNhiK L!BFN1]KBOvcdNŠ]dJPOTL!BNnKz•OvcN1cK:iuOl–E` DiFBD‹)DG]!JPOED’Kz])‹„J3B !NB5Di !]K ©h])DG]Š³:»µ½¸¸· ¾"½wiE“!NF‘DNriCJ]`

|…ª

•TL!BuOvcNB5ivOTL` DGNri_J3BN+BNrLD\BN`: 

|3…

«.:r,¦ #Ä:

|

N ©K LbG`ÇbD!N OlK¯OvcJ] Ç} Ë  ‚DG`JbU” +pqNBuOlDG]Uh— na<JriJ iRU¨J3]`±J]K] W!‹K LiÂBN[!DN$©NBiŕvKzB

|$f

“BK [!DG`D"]‡y LiRN‘•TLb°FK‹‹)N‘] Oi²K] OvcN±‹)J‘] LiFBDG“ OlU¨AZ ‚JœOlN i²¿EJ®]J$OvD’[zN¯A<] y!bDTicd–eiE“!N J!NBlÀʕvKB

|3|

FKBuBRNFPOvDG] yhOvcNIAC] y!bGDTicJ]`YA1  tE‹hš!N3BuOq•vKzBqBNJBEDG]‡y.Ovc!N1DG](iRNFPOi$ 

|$

¥

E

|†

[!J] ”nbG“(cdN]U„— £— } J]` €8Nb"bU¨Ž-   ¿3ª(¤ fÀ$ )sdLd“!NBE“!JBRJriDOlDi‹ J]` cK:iuO¼` DTiRFBD"‹)DG]!JPOED’Kz] š!W

|3ƒ

º ¾ ½ ··‘ºI¿˜XBJFK]D`JNŸ ”YbGW:iDGD"]!J NÀRU(J1bJ‘Bv[!Jb(“!J3BJriDOlK(D’`¨K!•` BRK­iRKz“cDGbD`JN‡  · ¾

|3Œ

¸!¿uf ÀPŸrf!| f–uf!ƒ…: 

|¤

[!J]”YbG“!cN]U— !— :J3]` hDTi$iNBU:} AZ :¿3ªª… À s L!“!NBv“JBRJriDOlD˜i‹ÁJriJ]J`J“ OlD\[!NÃivOvBJOlNy W•vKzBDG]:iNFPO

|3ª

“!JBJriDjOlKzDG`:i$  !µ ·» ³ z¾ ¹ ¸ Ÿz†‡ª‡–EŒª: 

| f!…

”1BK]U1s jUHN8}²N] OlN]UoË _J]`¢[zJ]¢XZK(F :iuOlJNbGNUoH- _¿uf!……| À XBlKK(`ÉiNP§ BJPOvDGK²`NPOlNBE‹DG]!JPOvDGK]~š!W

| fw

•EbGK ©ÆFW OlKz‹.NPOvBEWDG]J]rOi$  ¸³ ¸ !¾"·3º  qŸr!Œ$–udŒ(†! 

| ff

[!J] XZJJ3BN]U8— J]`®€)k]K]U8— ˆC ¿3ªªƒ À$ htE] OTBJ iE“!NFDG•EDF®bJBE[!Jb°FK(‹h“!NPOlDOvDGK] D"]ÆOT©K&iKbGDOlJBW

| f!|

“!JBJriDjOlKzDG`:iU

¶ $µ º³!¶<½ !½ $º$½Gº„¸E¶<·½‰J]`_·¶¾ ¹ º3¾G½ ‘¾ ¸E¶<½½³ ¾ ¹ ¸

| f

³ v¶ ¶¶n !Ÿ | f:†‘–E|||: 

| f:†

XZJDGUÃX‚ 8J]` }²J F!JPLNBRUÃ} 8¿33ªª… À$ 

[!D\“!K:iDOlDGK(] J]`&cK:iuO •vNN`DG]yÐD"]

¶!·¸½!µ º º

!½"º

| f!ƒ

¿˜ŽhWd‹„N]dKz“ OlNBRJŸ‘”1“cdNbDG](D`JN3À_JPO‰` D"•v•lNBN]rO‰J“cD``N]:iDOlDGN i$ $³ ¸³ ¾ ¹ ¸u  8Ÿ ª‡–3ƒ: 

| f!Œ

a5c!JBE]dKd[zUA1 Ë ¿3ª(¤ fÀ mcdN„mwcNKBuWÂK(•Zs(N§Å”nbGbGK:FJ$OvDGK(]: (ˆqBDG]FN$OlKz]8gh]D\[NBiDOuWˆqBNriiUˆqBD"]dFNPOlK]U

| f:¤

€„N$©±—$N3BiNW 

| f!ª

a5c!JBE]dKd[zUZAZ Ë +J]d`±sdOlN3“cN](iRUZH- ± ¿3ª(¤¤ À$  ]²OvcNÉNP[zK(bLOlDGKz]Kz•)cK:iuOiNbGNF$OEDGK]DG]ÇiRK(bGDOlJBW

||…

“!JBJriDjOlKzDG`:i$ 

¹

¾qŸ‡Œ…Œ –EŒ ff 

||

H.JBEBK L!M NOvUAZ £UŽnL!D\y!]!JB`¢— wJ]`¼aIc!N[BDGNBRU5a1 w¿uf!…… fÀ$ AC•v•vNrF$OnK•1`D"•l•ENBRN‘] OED’J‘b<cdK­ivOnNP§d“!K­ivL!BNÄK]

|| f

BN“BlK(`rLF$OvDGKz] DG] OvcdN iRK(bGDOlJBEW NF$OlKz“!JBRJriDOlKDG`dzµE¶<·¸"¹‚µ º »µ½¸¸· ¾G½E Y³ ¾ ¹ ¸¨³ u¶

¶¶<¸

|||

!¿$À3Ÿ Œ|‡–e¤  

|| 

H.JBEBK L!M NOvUŠA jU1tE‹hš!NBuOlU+AZ 1J]` a5cN[BDNBUha1 1¿vf!…… | À$ hs!NbG•v–iuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹ FK](iRNrL­N‘]dFNri•vKzB

||(†

Kz•v•iE“BDG] yÅiN§BRJPOvDGKÄDG]„OvcN„iRK(bGDOlJBEWN FPOlK“!JPBRJriDOlKDG`.³µE¶<·¸G¹hµ ºn»µ½¸¸· ¾"½(³ ¾ ¹ ¸³ u¶

¶¶<¸

||ƒ

Ÿ3ƒŒ–3Œ 

||Œ

H.JBEBK L!M NOvUzAZ £UzXD\y!]K]U(Ë J]`)aIcdN[dBDN3BU:a1 ¿uf!……Œ À$  t‹h“!JFPOKz•w‹)JPOlDG] yiuOlJPOTLiCK]„N3yy!–Rb’JW!DG]y-J‘]!`

||(¤

[!J]„HD !N‘]dU­} (— J]` JJ3y!NU—  ) :¿33ª(¤‡Œ À$ s!NbG•v–+J3]`FKz]:il“!NFDG•EDFÃiuL!“!N3BE“!JBJriDjOEDTi‹&šW8OvcNNyy

| !…

“!JBJriDjOlKzDG` $½

¹n¹

·»

!·3º ·º  $³ ¾ ¹ ¸³ ˜¶

¶¶C¸qŸ¤‡|‡–3ª f 

| w

VnJ‘bGbGK ©.JWzU ) Gs ÂJ]` V1BJ]rOlU°X‚ Ä¿33ª(¤‡ª À 8x1N$[!NBiN&iRNP§ BJPOlDGK J` vLivOE‹N] O›DG] J] J““!JBN] OEbGW

| f

KdL‡OTšBNN`zDG]‡y.©.Jril“!U

!· ·‘¾ ³»¸µ!¾G½qŸ!ƒ(†‡–u!ƒ(¤! 

| !|

VnJPLOvcDGNBU € Ur} Kz]‡y!NU— ˆ_ ‡J]`YŽnL:D\y!]J3B`Uz—  ¿3ªªƒ À$ s L!“!NBE“!J3BJriEDjOEDTi‹ÆJ]`cK:iuO‰` DiF3BeD‹D"]!J$OEDGK]DG]

| 

OvcNYiRKzbGDOlJBEW.NFPOlK“!JBJriDjOlKzDG`)½ ¹hµ º º ¸½Gº ³ ¾ ¹ ¸r³ u¶ ¶¶<¸¿3À3Ÿ ªœ–Eªª: 

| :†

VnK(` •TBJWdUŽ- ja1 — ²¿3ªª À$ ~ˆ‰JBJriDO˜KzD’`­iRUÌXZNcJ[!DGKBJb®J]d`´A5[!KbLOlDGKz]dJBEW AžFK(bGKyW: ~ˆqBDG]F NPOlK]

| !ƒ

gh]D\[NBiDOuW‚ˆBRNriiRUdˆqBEDG]!FNPOlK]U €)NP©±—œNBiNW 

| !Œ

Ž.J‘‹DbOlKz]dU  H8 jU!¿3ªƒŒrÀœ Ao§‡OTBJK BR` D"]dJBEW8iN§BRJPOvDGK:i$ 

½·· Ÿr!ŒŒ–u:¤¤! 

| :¤

Ž.JB` WU_t$ jaŠ   jU5¿uf!…… fÀ$ 5s!NP§ÅxŠJPOvDGK:ia<Kz]dFN“ Oi‚J]`¢xZNriNJ3BFc¢}²N$OvcK!`(i$ wa<J‹hšBD` y!NÃg]D\[NBiDOlW

| !ª

ˆqBNrii$ jU(a<J‹hšdBeD` y!N  

|(†‡…

tibGJ‹)U) (s ‡J]`a<Kz“b’J‘]d`Ud} r—   ‡¿uf!……… À$ tE]‡•ub\LN]!FN1K•N3yy„bGK!J`J]`K [!D\“!K:iDOED’Kz]YOlDG‹)NŠDG]rOlN3Bu[!J b

|(†

Kz] OvcN cK:iuO `zDiFBD‹)DG]!JPOED’Kz] J]d` K•u•i“BD"]‡y iEL!Bu[!D\[Jb K(•

œµzºÁ¶Iºœ·µ ½

|(† f

¿˜ŽhWd‹„N]dKz“ OlNBRJ8ŸdAC]FW‡BuOlDG`JNÀUJ„iK!b"DjOlJBEWN]`K“!JBJriD\O˜KzDG`8K!•_F‘DjOvBuLi+‹)NJbGW šL!y!U <¸

µº

|(†‡|

½T¾ $½¿TŽN‹DG“ OlNBJŸˆoiRNPL`K!FK!FFDG`J NÀœ  µ¸¸³ ¾ ¹ ¸ ·º ‡¿$À3Ÿ ƒª–EŒ(† 

|(† 

‚D"]y!U X‚ ‘Ž- jU(¿33ª(¤‡Œ À$  •v•ei“BDG] yiN§BJPOlDGK:i_D"]“!JBRJdiDjOlKzDG`Y©)J iE“:i$ 1µ P¾"·œ¸ ·» ½¸!¿uÀPŸ |ƒŒ–

|(††

|ªƒ: 

|(†‡ƒ

‚D"]y!UXh Ž- jU:¿3ªª| À :s!NP§)BJPOvDGK8‹J]DG“ L:bJPOlDGK]¨šW)“!JBJriDjOlKzDG`h©)Jril“:i$  t]ÌBN](iRFc„J]d`.A5ššzNBuO_¿lN`: £ÀEU

|(†‡Œ

³+» ¸µ!¾"½

)½»·º$½@¾

·

¾"½Ä½ º$· ¾\º

›½@¾"·º‘  €)NP© ‚KzB ÂJ]d`-ËCK]`K]U““ 

|(†¤

w3ª–uw  

|(†‡ª

[!J]8ËCN]rOlNBN3]U— ja1 ¿3ª(¤$À (Ž‚K­iTO` DiFBD"‹)DG]!JPOED’Kz]8šWœ!JBJ iDOlKzD’`(i$ :tE]8H8 £” €)KzBR` bL:]d`Ux‚ Ë :—œKz]dNri

|ƒ…

J]`± £— ­ËCNP©.D˜iŠ¿EN`: £ÀU

·¹h½!·¹‚½

¸Gº¾ !·½ ¸·½n¶<·ºP¾ ¾ ¸ DGbN‘Wd–ut]rOlNBiFDGN]F NriRU

|ƒ

““ †‡|–33Œª( 

|ƒ f

}²JWdc!NP©ÐˆC — wJ]d` Ž.JB` WU_t$ jaŠ   w¿3ªª(¤À$ (€K](iD\šbD@F‘D’`J‘b5šzN‘cdJ[!DGKzB‚J]d` OvcNN[!KbLOlDGKz]¼K•1Fb\LOlFc

|ƒ|