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HAL Id: jpa-00223423

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00223423

Submitted on 1 Jan 1983

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

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INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION ON INTERNAL FRICTION OF ALUMINIUM WITH OIL

LAYER

B. Augustyniak, Gilbert Fantozzi, W. Chomka

To cite this version:

B. Augustyniak, Gilbert Fantozzi, W. Chomka. INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION ON

INTERNAL FRICTION OF ALUMINIUM WITH OIL LAYER. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1983,

44 (C9), pp.C9-499-C9-504. �10.1051/jphyscol:1983973�. �jpa-00223423�

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I N F L U E N C E OF P L A S T I C D E F O R M A T I O N O N I N T E R N A L F R I C T I O N O F A L U M I N I U M W I T H O I L L A Y E R

B. Augustyniak, G. Fantozzir and W. ~homka"

I n s t i t u t e of Physics, Technical University of Gdarisk, 80-952 Gdauisk, Poland

* I . N.S.A. de Lyon, B d t . 502, Physique des MatJriaux, 69621 ViZZeurbanne Cedex, France

**centre U n i v e r s i t a i r e de Batza, Batna, Azgeria

R ~ S U M ~

Les spectres d e frottement intgrieur d'6chantillons d'aluminium /99,994 % / recouverts d'une fine couche d'huile dCpendent du taux de dgformation plastjque de l'lchantillon. Pour les Cchantillons recuits, le pic d'huile apparait vers 205 K, la temperature de solidification de l'huile. L a deformation plastiaue augmente le pic d'huile jusqu's u n taux de l'ordre de 4 % et cr6e u n nouveau pic 2 plus haute tempgrature. Les rCsultats sont discutCs en fonction de la nature de la couche superficielle.

ABSTRACT

Low t e m p e r a t u r e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a f o r A 1 s a m p l e

( 9 9 , 9 9 9 ) w i t h t h i n p a r a f i n o i l l a y e r d e p e n d o n t h e a m o u n t o f p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n i n t h e m e t a l . F o r a n n e a l e d s a m p l e s , s i n g l e o i l d a m p i n g p e a k a p p e a r s a t m e l t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e T , = 205 K, P l a s t i c

d e f o r m a t i o n s u p t o 4% i n c r e a s e s t h e o i l maximum a n d c r e a t e s a new o i l p e a k a t h i g h e r t e m p e r a t u r e s . R e s u l t s a r e q u a l i t a t i v e l y

d i s c u s s e d a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e n a t u r e o f t h e s u r f a c e l a y e r .

Low t e m p e r a t u r e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m f o r t h e s a m p l e s c o v e r e d w i t h a l a y e r o f m i n e r a l o i l o r h y d r o c a r b o n s h o w s o n e d i s t i n c t p e a k a t t h e m e l t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e T p o f t h e l a y e r . T h i s i n t e r n a l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n maximum i s d u e t o t h e s o l i d i f i c a t i o n p r o c e s s o f t h e l a y e r [l, 21. F o r t h e s a m p l e s o f d i f f e r e n t m e t a l s c o v e r e d w i t h t h e same l a y e r o f m i n e r a l o i l , a s i m p l e p e a k o r a c o m p l e x s p e c t r u m o f i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n w a s o b s e r v e d [3], T h o s e o i l p e a k s a n n e a l o u t a f t e r h e a t i n g a t t h e d e c o m p o s i t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e o f t e s t e d o i l .

T h e n a t u r e o f t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m s h o u l d b e a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e s u r f a c e l a y e r p r o p e r t i e s a n d n o t o n l y t o t h e b a s e p r o p e r t i e s o f o i l .

T h e a i m o f the p r e s e n t w o r k i s t o f i n d t h e c o n d i t i o n i n w h i c h t h e c o m p l e x i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m i s o b t a i n e d .

T h i s p a p e r p r e s e n t s t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e i n i t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t s . T h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n o f p u r e Al m e t a l w i t h a l a y e r o f t h e m i n e r a l o i l f o r d i f f u s i o n pump % a s m e a s u r e d . A l u m i n i u m Mas c h o s e n f o r t h e

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1983973

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

s t u d y b e c a u s e i t h a s a s i m p l e m i c r o s t r u c t u r e . T h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n was m e a s u r e d a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e a f t e r d i f f e r e n t m e c h a n i c a l a n d t h e r m a l t r e a t m e n t s o f t h e s p e c i m e n s .

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

T h e m e a s u r e m e n t s o f t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n &ere p e r f o r m e d w i t h a t o r s z o n a l pendulum o s c i l l a t i n g a t 0.5 t o 2 Hz C41. The v i b r a t i o n a m p l i t u d e Nas c o n s t a n t a n d t h e e n e r g y l o s s d u e t o t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n was a u t o m a t i c a l l y r e c o r d e d . T h e h e a t i n g r a t e was 0.2 K/min.

T h e r a n g e a t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e c h a n g e was 80 t o 300 K.

H i g h p u r i t y s a m p l e s o f A l ( 9 9 . 9 9 9 ) had a f o r m o f p l a t e ( 1 . 4 . 50 m m ) , They w e r e a n n e a l e d a t 7 3 0 K f o r 3 h o u r s . The a n n e a l i n g p r o c e s s was p e r f o r m e d i n a r g o n a t m o s p h e r e .

T h e t h i n l a y e r o f t h e m i n e r a l o i l & a s p u t o n t h e m e t a l s u r f a c e by g r e a s i n g w i t h a b r u s h .

I t i s known t h a t s i m i l a r i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a w e r e o b t a i n e d w i t h t h e s a m p l e s e i t h e r i m m e r s e d o r q u e n c h e d i n o i l [3].

G e n e r a l l y , t h e o i l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n t h e method o f c o a t i n g .

D u r i n g c l e a n i n g , t h e s a m p l e s R e r e removed f r o m t h e a p p a r a t u s . T h e y aere c l e a n e d w i t h a e t h y r e t h e r i n a n u l t r a s o u n d c l e a n i n g m a c h i n e f o r 20 t o 30 mn. T h e a l u m i n i u m s p e c i m e n s were e l e c t r o l i t i - c a l l y p o l i s h e d r o o .

P l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e a l u m i n i u m s a m p l e s , a t room t e m p e r a t u r e , & a s o b t a i n e d by t w i s t i n g i n t h e pendulum c53.

T h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e made a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e f o r d i f f e r e n t a m p l i t u d e s o f v i b r a t i o n . I n o r d e r t o s t u d y t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n o f t h e s a m p l e , t h e a n n e a l e d a l u m i n i u m s a m p l e s

\ y e r e p l a s t i c a l l y d e f o r m e d .

T h e f i r s t e x p e r i m e n t iqas made w i t h t h e n o n - p o l i s h e d a l u m i n i u m s a m p l e . The i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m bvas e x a m i n e d f o r t h e

d i f f e r e n t v i b r a t i o n a m p l i t u d e s . T h e r e s u l t s a r e p l o t t e d i n F i g . 1.

T h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m f o r t h e a n n e a l e d a l u m i n i u m i s w e l l known 16, 71. At low t e m p e r a t u r e s t h e B o r d o n i i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n p e a k s a p p e a r a n d a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s t h e b a c k - g r o u n d i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n i n c r e a s e s e x p o n e n t i a l l y , I n t h e p r e s e n t work t h e

m e a s u r e m e n t s were c a r r i e d o u t i n a t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e n h e r e n o p e a k i s o b s e r v e d .

A t f i r s t , t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n f o r t h e n o n - c o a t e d s a m p l e was m e a s u r e d . T h e r e s u l t s , i l l u s t r a t e d by c u r v e a i n f ~ g u r e I., a g r e e w i t h t h e known i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m [6]. A f t e r c o a t i n g t h e o i l d a m p i n g p e a k a p p e a r s a t T p = 205 2 3 K, a s shobun i n F i g . 1 by c u r v e b. At h i g h e r v i b r a t z o n a m p l i t u d e , t h i s p e a k a p p e a r s a l s o b u t i t i s mixed w i t h t h e h i g h i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n b a c k g r o u n d ( c u r v e c i n F i g . 1). S e c o n d l y , t h i s s a m p l e w a s p l a s t i c a l l y d e f o r m e d ( & = 2;;) i n s i t u . A f t e r t h i s , a n a d d i t i o n a l i n t e r n a l f r k c t i o n peal< a p p e a r s ( c u r v e d F i g . 1) . T h i s new peal: i s l i n k e d t o a n i n t e r a c t i o n o f t h e o i l l a y e r w i t h t h e d e f o r m e d m e t a l s u r f a c e . T h i s s u p p o s i t i o n was c o n f i r m e d e x p e r i m e n t a l l y a s f o l l o r ~ . At f i r s t ,

t h e v i b r a t i o n a m p l i t u d e i s d e c r e a s e d a n d s o t h e tv$o p e a k s a r e

b e r t e r d e f i n e d ( c u r v e e i n F i g . 1). T h e s e p e a k s d i s a p p e a r a f t e r

a c l e a n i n g p r o c e d u r e ( c u r v e f ) b u t t h e y a p p e a r a g a l n when t h e

s a m p l e i s c o v e r e d by t h e o i l ( c u r v e g i n F i g . 1). Q u a n t i t a t i v e l y ,

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t h e n e x t p e a k i n c r e a s e s d u r i n g a d d i t i o n a l p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n a s s h o w by c u r v e s c t h r o u g h g i n F i g . 2 . The p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n i n c r e a s e s t h e b a c k g r o u n d i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n t o o . The c u r v e h i n F i g . 2 s h o w s t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m a f t e r c l e a n i n g . T h e b a c k g r o u n d i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n i s h i g h e r t h a n f o r t h e u n d e f r o m e d s a m p l e ( c u r v e a ) , T h e p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n a l s o i n f l u e n c e s t h e s h e a r m o d u l u s v a r i a t i o n s , a s shown i n F i g . 3 . F o r b e t t e r

c o m p a r i s o n t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s a r e c a l c u l a t e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e room t e m p e r a t u r e v a l u e s of t h e c o a t e d a n n e a l e d s a m p l e ( c u r v e b i n F i g . 3):

The ~ l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n c a u s e s a n e a a t i v e s h e a r m o d u l u s d e f e c t f o r t h e p u r e a l u m i n i u m s a m p l e 171 . T h i s m o d u l u s d e f e c t i n c r e a s e s v i i t h t e m p e r a t u r e a n d w i t h p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n , a s shown by F i g , 3.

S h i f t o f t h e c u r v e s a a n d b o r h a n d 9 ( F i g . 3 ) is c a u s e d by d i s m a n t l i n g of t h e pendulum f o r c o a t i n g a n d c l e a n i n g t h e s a m p l e ,

r e s p e c t i v e l y .

R e s u l t s p r e s e n t e d a b o v e show t h a t o i l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a d e p e n d m a i n l y o n t h e s u r f a c e s t a t e o f t h e s a m p l e . I n t h e case o f a l u m i n i u m t h e p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n c r e a t e s a new i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n peak.

L e t u s p r e s e n t some f e a t u r e s o f t h e o i l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n w h i c h h a v e b e e n r e v e a l e d . A t f i r s t , vie h a v e e x a m i n e d t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e h e i g h t o f t h e o i l d a m p i n g maximum a n d t h e v i b r a t i o n a m p l i t u d e v a l u e . T h e h e i g h t s v a l u e s ~~1 w e r e e s t i m a t e d as a b o v e a n d o n l y hen t h i s maximum i s vie11 d e f i n e d . T h e r e s u l t s show t h a t t h e o i l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n t h e v i b r a t i o n a l a m p l i t u d e . 1Je t h i n k t h a t t h e a p p l i e d s t r e s s d o e s n o t c h a n g e t h e s u r f a c e m e t a l l a y e r b e c a u s e i t i s l o w e r t h a n t h e m i c r o e l a s t i c l i m i t .

F i g u r e 4 s h o w s t h e o i l d a m p i n g maximum h e i g h t s a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e s h e a r m o d u l u s d e f e c t v a l u e ~ G . Thc m o d u l u s d e f e c t

A G , d u e t o t h e o i l l a y e r , n a s c a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e r e l a t i o n : A G = G/Go - 1, w h e r e G a n d Go a r e s h e a r m o d u l u s o f a c o a t e d a n d

n o n c o a t e d s a m p l e , r e s p e c t i v l y . T h i s d e f e c t i s c a l c u l a t e d f o r a

t e m D e r a t u r e b e l o * T- . I t i s i m o o r t a n t t o know t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p

Q.-'( a G ) f o r a b a t t e r p h y s i c a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r h e o b s e r v e d P

o i l maximum. I t s h o u l d be e m p h a s i z e d t h a t t h i s r e l a t i o n s h i p i s

i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h o m e t a l s a m p l e . Some a l u m i n i u m r e s u l t s d i f f e r

f r o m t h e l i n e a r d e p e n d e n c e b u t t h e s e r e s u l t s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d

f o r h i g h l y c o l d w o r k e d s a m p l e ( c u r v e s f , g a n d h i n Fag. 2 ) .

I n t h i s c a s e , we o b s e r v e a s h e a r m o d u l u s d e f e c t g r e a t e r t h a n a s

e x p e c t e d , P r o b a b l y t h a t i s t h e r e s u l t o f s u p e r p o s i t i o n o f t h e t%o

p r o c e s s e s l i n k e d t o t h e two o i l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n p e a k s .

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

F o r t h e l o w s h e a r m o d u l u s d e f e c t v a l u e s , t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p was e s t i m a t e d by t h e L i n e a r e x p r e s s i o n : u;;~I ~ ( 0 . 2 + 0 . 0 5 ) D G . The f a c t o r v a l u e is s m a l l e r t h a n a s f o r a s i n g l e r e i a x a t i o n p r o c e s s . T h i s d i f f e r e n c e s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e o i l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n c a n b e t r e a t e d p h e n o m e n o l o g i c a l l y a s a r e s u l t o f o n e r e l a x a t i o n p r o c e s s w i t h a r e l a t i v e l y b r o a d r e l a x a t i o n time s p e c t r u m . I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o e m p h a s i z e t h a t s u c h l o w f a c t o r v a l u e s a r e e q u a l l y o b t a i n e d f o r a n o t h e r o i l o r h y d r o c a r b o n l a y e r s a n d a n o t h e r m e t a l s a m p l e s L l , 2 , 3 1 .

T h e l a s t r e l a t i o n s h i p c o n c e r n s t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n r a t i o s o n t h e o i l i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r u m , T h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a , a s shown by F i g . 2 , w e r e e x a m i n e d i n o r d e r t o f i n d t h e h e i g h t s o f t h e t w o o i l p e a k s . R e s u l t s o f t h e c a l c u l a t i o n a r e p l o t t e d i n F i g . 5. I t c a n b e s e e n t h a t i n e a c h c a s e , t h e p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n i n c r e a s e s o i l damping. T h e amount o f p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n a b o v e 3 t o Q, b d o e s n o t i n c r e a s e more r e s u l t s i n a f u r t h e r o f 0'1 m v a l u e s . I t i s known t h a t s u c h h i g h p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n l e a d s t o a s t a b l e m i c r o s t r u c t u r e o f a l u m i n i u m [ 7 3 , a n d i t c h a n g e s a l s o t h e s u r f a c e p r o p e r t i e s o i t h e s a m p l e C83. T h e t h i n o x i d e f i l m i s m e c h a n i c a l l y much s t r o n g e r a n d t o l e r a t e s much more p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n b e f o r e f a i l u r e t h a n t h e c o r r a s p o n d i n g o x i d e i n b u l k . bizth a s t r a i n o f a b o u t 2 b , t h e t h l n o x i d e f z l m o n a l u m i n i u m is s e i L l be h a v i n g e l a s t i c a l l y b u t i t L%as shown t h a t t h e o x i d e f i l m o f t h i c k n e s s o f a b o u t 400 A f r a c t u r e s a t s t r a i n ? h i g h e r t h a n 2,5 5; C9] . We t h i n k t h a t t h e f e a t u r e s o f t h e 9' d e p e n d a n c e a s p r e s e n t e d by f i g u r e 5, c a n b e c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e f r a c t u r e o f a n o x i d e l a y e r o n m e t a l s u r f a c e .

T h e o i l d a m p i n g s p e c t r a o b t a i n e d f o r t h e a n n e a l e d s a m p l e s seem t o r e s u l t f r o m o n e p r o c e s s ~ h i c h l e a d s t o t h e s i n g l e asymmetrical maximum. F o r d i s c r i b i n g t h i s p r o c e s s , o n l y q u a l i t a t i v e l y , N e

s u p p o s e a t f i r s t t h a t t h e o i l l a y e r i s p u t o n t h e c l e a n e l a s t i c m e t a l s u r f a c e . Near b y , t h e Tp t e m p e r a t u r e d u r i n g c o o l i n g , t h e o i l l a y e r c a n be t r e a t e d a s v i s c o u s . T h e r h e o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s o f s u c h s i m p l e c o m p o s i t e c a n b e d e s c r i b e d by t h e Z e n e r m o d e l [ l a ] . More d e t a i l e d t h e o r e t i c a l c a l c u L a t i o n s f o r t h e g l a s s - m e t a l c o m p o s i t e were c a r r i e d t o o [12]. T h e s e m a t h e m a t i c a l t r e a t m e n t s l e a d t o t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t t h e h e i g h t o f o i l maximum i s d e p e n d e n t o n t h e l a y e r t h i c k n e s s a n d o n t h e m e t a l s a m p l e d i a m e t e r s . T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l .

r e s u l t s f o r t h e t h i n o i l l a y e r s s h o w t h a t t h e o i l d a m p i n g maximum i s n o t d e p e n d e n t o n t h e l a y e r t h i c k n e s s b u t , a s v6as s h o w a b o v e , r a t h e r o n t h e m i c r o s t r u c t u r e o f t h e m e t a l s u r f a c e . T h i s

d i s c r e a p e n c y c a n b e e l i m i n a t e d by t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t t h e o i l d a m p i n g i s l i n k e d o n l y t o a n e f f e c t i v e s u r f a c e l a y e r , w i t h a t h i c k n e s s much s m a l l e r t h a n t h e r e a l t h i c k n e s s o f t h e o i l l a y e r . P r o b a b l y , o n l y t h e n e a r e s t o i l l a y e r p a r t i n t e r a c t s ~ i t h t h e o x i d e m a t a l s u r f a c e a n d p a r t i c i p a t e s i n t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n phenomena.

The e f f e c t i v e t h i c k n e s s o f t h e e x t e r n a l l a y e r is n o t p r e c i s e l y d e f i n e d . T h i s l a y e r i s composed m a i n l y o f t h e o x i d e l a y e r w h i c h i s s a t u r a t e d by t h e o i l m o l e c u l e s . By t h e p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n we

i n c r e a s e t h e e f f e c t i v e t h i c k n e s s o f t h e e x t e r n a l l a y e r . T h i s l e a d s ,

w i t h t h e a g r e e m e n t t o t h e p h e n o m e n o l o g i c a l m o d e l t o a n i n c r e a s e o f

t h e o i l d a m p i n g maximum, T h e new o i l d a m p i n g maximum a p p e a r s f o r

p l a s t i c a l l y d e f o r m e d a l u m i n i u m s a m p l e s . T h i s new maximum d e p e n d s o n

t h e d e f o r m a t i o n r a t i o as shown by F i g . 5 a n d d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n

t h e v i b r a t i o n a m p l i t u d e . It c a n a l s o b e s e e n t h a t t h e new o i l dam-

p i n g maximum is f o l l o v i e d by t h e r e l a t i v l y s m a l l s h e a r m o d u l u s

d e f e c t , a s shown by F i g . 3. P r e s e n t l y , w e c a n n o t g i v e t h e r e a l

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CONCLUSIONS

T h e object o f t h i s p a p e r is t o e x a m i n e t h e p r o p e r t i e s o i t h e l o w t e m p e r a t u r e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a o f t h e A1 m e t a l s a m p l e s a s c o v e r e d w i t h t h e m i n e r a l o i l l a y e r , From t h i s s t u d y t h e

f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s may b e drawn.

1. F o r t h e a n n e a l e d s a m p l e s t h e s i n g l e asymmetrical oiL internal f r i c t i o n maximum a p p e a r s . I t i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e v i b r a t i o n

a m p l i t u d e o f t h e s a m p l e u p to r = 10-4. T h e d a m p i n g maximum i s f o l l o w e d by t h e s h e a r m o d u l u s d e f e c t . I t is f o u n d a l i n e a r

r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e h e i g h t o f t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n maximum 9,' a n d t h e m o d u l u s d e f e c t v a l u e LG : Q;' = 0 . 2 b G . T h e low v a l u e

o f t h e f a c t o r i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e o i l d a m p i n g c a n be p h e n o m e n o l o g i - c a l l y d e s c r i b e d by t h e r e l a x a t i o n p r o c e s s vvith t h e b r o a d r e l a x a t i o n time s p e c t r u m .

2. T h e c o m p l e x i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a were o b t a i n e d f o r t h e c o l d w o r k e d s a m p l e s . T h e p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e A l - s a m p l e is t h e c a u s e s o f t h e new o i l d a m p i n g maximum a t h i g h e r t e m p e r a t u r e s . P r o b a b l y t h i s i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n i s d u e t o t h e i r r e v e r s i b l e

movements o f t h e o i l m o l e c u l s o n t h e s u r f a c e o x i d e s t e p s w h i c h a r e c r e a t e d d u r i n g p l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n .

T h e s e e x p e r i m e n t s were made d u r i n g t h e s t a g e s u p p o r t e d by C.1,E.S. i n t h e I.N.S.A. L a b o r a t o r y . T h e a u t h o r s w i s h t o t k a n k Mr. 3. P e r e z a n d Mrs. E Denga f o r many h e l p f u l d i s c u s s i o n s . REFERENCES

CHOMKA I,, OENGA E., PZOSER P., Phys. S t a t . S o l ( a ) 62, i< 53,1980.

CHOMI<A Vd., DENGA E, , J. p h y s i q u e 42, 5 - 1 1 6 5 , 1981 .

CHOMKA W., PSTROKO~~SKI M., DENGA E, , P r o c e e d i n g s o f R.E.N.1,O.H.

80, K a t o r d i c e , 1 5 1 , 1 9 8 0 .

ESNOUF C., T h g s e , INSA L y o n , 1 9 7 8 .

FANTOZZI G., T h B s e , INSH L y o n , 1 9 7 1 .

PEREZ J., ~ h 6 s e , INSk Lyon 1970 .

PEREZ J . , PEGUIN P . , FANTOZZI G . , P.F. GOBIN, Ann.Phys. 2, 303, 1 9 7 0 ,

J.S.L. LEACHL, S u r f a c e S c i . , 24, 257 1975 .

BRADHURST D . H . , 3.S.L. L e a c h , T r a n s . B r i t . Ceram. S o c . 6 2 , 793 1 9 6 3

1 0 ~JERTPWN J, , WEERTPAN J. R. , E l e m e n t a r y D i s l o c a t i o n T h e o r y , M a c m i l l a n , New Y o r k , 1 9 7 1 .

11 NOWICK A S BERRY B,S., Ane a s t i c R e l a x a t i o n i n C r y s t a l l i n e S o l i d s , AcEld. P r e s s , elo or-~ork . 1972,.

12 LEFEVRE D , , PEREZ J,, 19at. S c i . Eng. 2, 1 9 3 , 1979 .

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C9-504 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

F i g . 3 . S h e a r modulus s p e c t r a o f g r a d u a l l y deformed s a m p l e .

5

R

9 4 -

* X

'a 3

2

1

F i g . 4 . Low t e m p e r a t u r e o i l maximum h e i g h t vs.

modulus d e f e c t .

-

:

c

!

i.

-

-

b

-

O ' i b o l i o &I 2i0 kl &I

F i g .2. I n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a F i g . 5 . Low /a/ and h i g h /b/

o f g r a d u a l l y deformed t e m p e r a t u r e o i l sampler a s h - u n c o a t e d . damping vs. p l a s t i c

d e f ormat i o n . T [KI

F i g .l I n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n s p e c t r a o f aluminiumr a , f - u n c o a t e d , d - & = 8:.

8 -

;-\

$. 14 .

1 \,

I 1

I 1

7 -

I I

'k 6 -

b

9- 3.8 5 -

4 - : ;

-... /.' 1 -

0h120 lb 2i0 260 3 %

T CKI

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