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Proximal-Point Algorithm for Minimizing Quadratic Functions

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(1)Proximal-Point Algorithm for Minimizing Quadratic Functions Guillaume Vige. To cite this version: Guillaume Vige. Proximal-Point Algorithm for Minimizing Quadratic Functions. [Research Report] RR-2610, INRIA. 1995. �inria-00074075�. HAL Id: inria-00074075 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074075 Submitted on 24 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Proximal-point algorithm for minimizing quadratic functions Guillaume VIGE. N˚ 2610 Juillet 1995. PROGRAMME 5 Traitement du signal, automatique et productique. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche. 1995.

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(128) Unite´ de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Tech<nopoˆle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LE`S NANCY Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rhoˆne-Alpes, 46 avenue Fe´lix Viallet, 38031 GRENOBLE Cedex 1 Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex. E´diteur INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France) ISSN 0249-6399.

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