1
هب حومسم ريغ بوساحلا وأ ةجمربلل ةلباقلا ةبساحلا ةللآا لامعتسا
2
1 1
R8, 31 J.mol .K
447 C V1L
n0
CH CHO3
CH4
CO
3 (g) 4(g) (g)
CH CHO CH CO P t
t(s) P(10 Pa)4
n 0
n t
t P
T, R, V
P0 t v(t)
n
2
nt
v(t) k V
k
t 0
1 1 k
n n V.t
t1 4
3 6 3
C H O ( D) 1 D
0,10g
1L
1
3 6 3
M(C H O )90, 0 g.mol pKe14
pKA 3 6 3(aq) 3 5 3(aq)
C H O / C H O pH
2 1
C1, 0.10 mol.L pH2, 95
25 C VA50mL
2 1
CB 5, 0.10 mol.L
pKA 3 6 3(aq) 3 5 3(aq)
C H O / C H O
3
pH
A a
e pK
B pK C
0 a 1 a1
B E
a V
V VB
VE
e
4
1
kx 20 s.div
t0 tR
tA
tB
'
tR
ve
vp
B
e p
2d 2e t v v
' e
R R B A
e v (t t t t )
2
1 e ve1, 5km.s
vp
I0 1mA R R
C K t0 K
tt1
u (t)C
t
u (t)C 0 t
I C
C
t
5
u (t)C
t t1 u (t)C Ae B
A
B U1
uC
tt1
C R
RC
i(t)
tt1
1 1
t t
yU 1
0 0 0
yy f '(x )(xx )
R
t 5
t0
u (t)B
u (t)R
R100
(g )1
u (t)R
r L
u (t)B
u (t)R 1 E
R
6
(GBF) r
L
R0 30
A C
B Y Y
RLC If (N)
Um
7
Im f (N)Um
7
NN0
N0
UCm100V
C 0, 43 F Q