Contrôle Quantique et Protection de la Cohérence par effet Zénon, Applications à l'Informatique Quantique
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(14) > B8: 9 Z¯ A¦ W C Zn@ Ld=%AML 8:[nW > Z¯A U @:>L=0@BA 9 = CEW A 9 =0> [ = YVUXW:[ Zn= 9 L [¡C CE ¦:Zn@:=C1§ ,CE [n 0W: [ = 9] = cT[¡C Zn>? =. RX= µ U A Z N W =0RUL [¡C C,N W =%A?A = N W = [;J CE9? ¦:Z¯A = A = 0U @:>A 9?W Zn>?Z¯A 8VUXW:9L0U @:@ C O¯A 9 = [ =0> 0U @ ] Z¯A Z U @:> ] =+>A CEY Z [ Z¯A = ; ] =+> C|V= ; [ =§ Y:9 = Z =%AMA 9 =0§ > 0U 8:[ = µf= d] R ®fC \ 9 CE]DC C Z [ Z C R ` UXW > =0> ] Zn> 8VU >?Z¯A Z_Ps>0L N W:U Z N W J Zn@:\ =0; @:Zn= W µ9Ld@:= 8 = 9 =%A?A =0 @B A ] =&A 9 C Z¯A = 9N W J W @ @ U Y:9 = 9 =0>A 9 =0Zn@BA ] != 3T@,8:+#9?>UX),Y:[ =0§ 3 =0> CZs+#W :,@ 3F>?= W: [ +]D C @:> [ = ,C > ] = ] ~<>?= 8VU >?= CE[nUX9 > [¡C/N W =0>J· A Z U @ ] J W @ L ,CE8DCEY:[ = ] J = ³ = A W = 9 @ J Zn 8VUX9 A = N W = [n[ =A!CEO ¦:= ] = ,K CE[n0W:[ = 8:9?UXY:[ =0§ =*P U @ ]DC =0@B A CE [ =0>A C § [¡C`YDC >?= ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W = A ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W = ° = C A ¦ =0; C AA Z & !Zn34=0+ @ .0C¢1 [¡C @ P W A [ = 8:9 =0Zn= 9 C§ 9<= ; 8VU @ ]:9 = =0@ 8:9?UX8VU > C @BA W @ U<] =§ [ = ] J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:91W @:Z = 9 >?= [ L [¡C CE ¦:Zn@:= ] = + Z #0" ] L ,C · 8DCEY:[ = ] =>?Zn W:[ = 9 =a ,CE =0=0@BA1A UXW > [ =0> UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 > 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =0>0L ] J = ³ = A W = 9 A UXW A =0> [ =0>A!CEO ¦:=0> ] = ,CE[n0W:[&( 9<= ; #CE[ Zn(#> CE$ Y:[ =0> 8D CE 9 @ J K Zn 8VUX9 A = N W = [ > >A,=0§ = 8 ¦ >?Z N W = R 9 C Zn> U @:@ CEY:[ =0R Z A ¦¨=0§ >?= ] "= ! ] M@2=? - U<@B] '=§ [ = 5+#C 3F5=%; A +#=#; B> W Z Z Z =%AX=0O = 4 > W:8:8:[¡C @BA = ; ]M<C8D !34CE9 W -@k I,+ .0CU< ] =§ [ = = ; N W Z ECE[ =0@BAML [ = L9P U @ ]T= ; > W:9«[¡C @ U A Z U @ ] = C L P @ A Z @ ` @ 0 = : @ ? > 0 = = = " % Y Z¯A > -d A # 1'& = 9 > W @ =0@<· U U ] J W : Y [ ] >?=0 Y:[ = ] = CfY Z¯A *> -d A # 1(d~ ]DC @:> = ,CE]:9 =,L U @ 0U @:>A 9?W Z¯A>?Zn 8:[ =0=0@BA [ =0> CE[ \ UX9 Z¯A ¦:=0> 8DCE90U Y Zn@ C Zn> U @ ] = 8VUX9 A =0> }?W:] Z Zn= W >?=0=0@BA ¦ U Zn>?Zn=0> © = W] =1A =0 8 > CE8:9 =0§ > =0> ]T= ; = [nUX8:8 =0=0@BA > 8:W:9 =0=0@BAA ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W =0>0L [;J Zn@ =0@BA Z U @ ]:W A 9 C @:>?Zn>A UX9 =0@ #0" ) 8DCE9 ¶f * L * ,+-+, =%A '().-/.& 1° 0 8 = 9 Z¯A [¡C Zn>?= CEWQ8VU Zn@BA ] = R [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 RUL CEW >?=0@:> U<] = 9 @:= ]:W A = 9 = C Zn@:Z C A W:9 Zn> C A Z U @ Zn@ =0>?> C @BA = ] =0> 0U 8VU > C @BA > = ; [ = A 9?U @:Z N W )*=0> )* ]: U @:@:= [ Zn= WQ] = 8:W Zn> [n#0UX" 9 > C1§ W @ \ C Zn@ ] J =a ,CE Z¯A = ; 0U @:>A C @BAt~ [¡C[nU Z =0; @ U @ V=0; = 8DCE39 2 ]DC @:> [ =0> C @:@ =0; =0> X^L,>?= [nU @ [¡C,N W = [n[ = [¡bC8:W Zn>?> C @ = ] =0> UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 > ]:UXW:Y:[ = Z C§ 0U W O A 0U @:>A C @BA ] A UXW > [ =0> ]° = W µ C @:>0LD>?= &= ; 9 Z =«=0@ 0UX9 = CEWv}?UXW:9?] J ¦ W Z C`9<= ; CE[ Z¯A = ; ] = [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9W @:Z = 9 >?= [ LA UXb W A ] J CEYVUX9?] Zn C \XZn@ = ; 8DCE9 L 9 =0@ ]k8DCE9 A Z 0W:[ Zz=§ 9 =0=0@BA 8 = 9 A Zn@:=0@BA = [¡Ci0[¡C >?>?Z ,C A Z U @ Z A ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W = ]M] =0> 8:9?UXY:[ =0§ =0> 465879;:<96=?>A@CBDFEGDG::<DIGHD :KJ;LMDFN'DO DPE:<BQ<DFN'DP>AQDPH >BO :KJ8:K>R=DFS8JTL?J6>3:<96B8UV96BQK>AN'DW>96X;Y1NJ;=?>AO D E J6>@CB?J;=C:<XZ@CBD6[?X O]\^J;B': D =_DG` DG: LQ<D =?N'Q<D3aCJ;QKN'D3@CBD3OZJcbcDP>BQ<DAN'B>d'>V:PD e bcDR=f D =?N'96bcbgJ;a6D3L?J6> Ohf X ='\i96Q<bgJ8:<X 96=T@CBDROhf 96=_N#PHD >X Q<D.D =WDGj:<QKJ;X Q<D65.
(15) =0@ A = 9 =0> ] = 5' ! <>- +#C& @:= A!CEO ¦:= ] = ,CE[n0W:[8 = W A=0@#= ³ =%A7=%O A 9 = ,CE9 CE A = ; 9 Zn> =0; = 8DCE9W @ REA =0 8 > ] = ,CE[n0W:[ R Z ]7Z C § =0@BA =0@ ]:9 = CEW >?=05'@: !> [¡<>CE9-\X= +#C&0 U =QR 9 =0>?> UXW:9 · L9P U @ A Z U @ ] = [¡C =0>TR Zn>?=0>=0@ } = W 8DCE? 9 [;J CE[ \ UX9 Z¯A ¦:= ] L CE8:8 = [%= ; CEW >?>?Z A C Z [n[ = ] =0> ]:U @:@ =0; =0> ª 9?U >?>?Zz=§ 9 =0=0@BAM<CL !U H!@ 8 != 7W + A ),] Z ³= ; 9 =0@ Zn= 9T] = W µ 0[¡C >?>?=0> 8:9 Zn@<· L ]:U @BA [¡C P U @ A Z U @ Z ] =0>A Z 8DCE[ =0> ] = 8:9?UXY:[ =0§ =0>¨~ [ =0> 8:9?UXY:[ =0§ =0> W @ <C !8V9UX[¯ C@ +;U O d=° =0@ L=%A [ =0> CEW A 9 =0>0L CE8:8 = [%=0; >0L 8DCE9+CEY:W > ] = [¡C @:\ C \X=,L 8:9?UXY:[ =0§ =0> =0> 8:9 =0Zn= 9 >> U @BA> UX[nW:Y:[ =0> 8DCE9[ =0> UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 > CE A W = [ >LA C @ ] Zn> N W = [ =0>>?= 0U @ ] >> U @BA 9<= ; 8:W A =0; >HR ] Z_a Z [ =0>TRULf=0@A C @BA N W J Z [ > ] =0 C @ ] =0@BA ] =0> 9 =0>?> UXW:9? =0> °Z C =0;P CE U A ZUX9 9 = Zn] > C =%A A Z U ] @ =0>&=0@A =0@ U 8 > Y:] 9 J =0= > µ =8:; 09 W =0A Z U Zn= @ 9 >Y =0Zn=0>@ A W CE@W · = ] µf= =0[ C§ ] 8:=1[ = @ VU = ; > [ =§ ,Y:CE9 8D= CE] Z¯= A =08:; > 9?UXCEY: A[ =0§W = [n=[ =0= > µ · 8VU @:=0@BA Zn= [ ~<@ U A 9 =MZn@ ,CE8DCE Z¯A = ; Z CE A W = [n[ = ] C+§ [ = 9<=0; > UXW:]:9 = 8VUXW:9T] =0>\ 9 C @ ] >T@ U Y:9 =0> =0>A ] J C Z [n[ = W:9 >C§ [¡C|YD C >?= *]: W
(16) '+ > >A,=0§ '(= ] T= A 9 C @:>?° Zn>?>? Z U @# > = ; 0W: 9 Zn> =0; = ¬1®<¢ Zs]:W @ U L¢ =%A ] =>?=0>&Zn@ =0@BA = W:9 > ¬ ] L N W ZD=0>A [¡CE9 \X =0=0@BA W A Z [ Zn> = ; CEWv}?UXW:9?] J ¦ W Z;L:@ U A C =0@BA 8VUXW:9[ =0> 8DC Zn=0=0@BA > 8DCE9,CE9 A = YDC @ ,C Z 9 = C @BA = 9 [ =0> > W:0 =0§ > ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W = U<] = 9 @:= 9 = [ =§ = ] J W @:= 0U @ = 9 > C A Z U @ ] = ,C P = ; ]:W0U = 9? =,L,A C @BALZ [ =0>A 8DC A =0@BA N W = [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W: 9tC8:9 Zn>0L,=0@ N W = [-N W = E C @:>0L W @:= 8:[¡CE = 8:9 Zn UX9?] Z CE[ = ]DC @:>«@ U A 9 = Zn= N W:U A Z ] Zn=0@:@:= I= ; C @: U Zn@:>0L¨> C CE9 \X= ] = 8:9?U \ 9 =0>?>?Z U @«> J C =0@ W Zn>?= C, = &[ =A =0 8 >0L ,CE9t[¡C A C Z [n[ = ] =0> 0U 8VU > C @BA > CE8:8:9?U< ¦:= ] = 8:[nW >&=0@ 8:[nW > ] = [;JJ= ; ¦:= [n[ = C A U Z N W =,L U W § [ =0> [nU Zn> 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =0> =§ ] =0@BA [ = 8DC > # CEW µ [nU Zn> N WDC @BA Z N W =0> ¢ Zn@:>?Z;LDZ [ =0>A 0UXW:9 C =0@BA CE] Zn> N W =,L ]D#0"C @:> [ =0> C @:@ =0; =0>E v·EBE^L [ =QP UX9 Z ]DCE¯Y:¯[ = =0>?> UX9/N W =@ UXW > 0U @:@ C Zn>?> U @:> ] = 8:W Zn> X ] = <9 C Z¯A«> J =0>?> UXW = 9 LC § U Zn@:> N W = W @:=«@ UXWf = [n[ =«Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W = XU Zn= [ = }?UXW:9 K =%A?A =Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W =£@ UXWf = [n[ = = µfZn>A = ]T= ; } C § L ]:W U Zn@:>LA ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W =0=0@BA U @ ]T=0; = > W:9i[ 1=0>0 [nU Zn> N WDC @BA Z N W =0>0L=%A@ =0; = ] 10=0+#> 8:9<= ; U<00W:8DC A Z U @:.0>U),0CU @ }? U Zn@B10A +#=0> ] = * .0 U10 +#) =%A LT= [n[ => W:Y >A Z¯A W = CEW 0[¡C # >?>?Z N W = [ = ZsUXW R R ] L > >A,=0§ = N WDC @BA Z N W =C § ] = W µ =%; A C A > - A 1BL=%A Y:9 Z N W = = ; [%=0; =0@BA C Z 9 = ] = [;J UX9?] Z · @ C A = W:9 N WDC @BA Z N W = ¥ <CC !@:34> ' S= .0@ UUX),WfC + = .0CECW ' ,CE]:9 =XP UX9 = [ L [ =0> 8VUX9 A =0> [nU \XZ N W =0>> U @BA L = ; XUX[nW A Z U @:> W @:Z¯A C Z 9 =0> 8DCE9 A Z 0W:[ Zz=§ 9 =0> ]:W 9 =0 8:[¡CEV=0; =0> 8DCE9] =0> > >A,=0§ =*R UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9AN WDC @BA Z N W =0RULt=%A ]:U @BA [¡Ci0U Y Zn@ C Zn> U @ 8 = 9 =%A ] = 9<= ; CE[ Zn>?= 9 @° J Zn 8VUX9 A = N W = [,CE[n0W:[ > W:9 [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @k>A U< ¤=0; = ]DC @:> [;JJ=%; A C A ] = [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 = ¦ C @:\X=0=0@BA 8 = W A 8DCE9 C O¯A 9 = C @:= 0]:U A Z N W =,L¨Z [0U @:>A Z¯A W = =0@ P C Z¯A W @:= &= ; 9 Z¯A CEY:[ = 9<= ; XUX[nW A Z U @ L<=%A P UX9? = C § 9 = 8 =0@:>?= 9 =0@ 8:9?U P U @ ] = W:9 @ U A 9 = Zn>?Z U @ ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ =%A ] =«> U @A 9 C Z¯A =0=0@BA ¢1W 8:9 =0Zn= 99 C @:\ ] =0>2R Y Z-Y CE9?9 = 9 Zn=0>TR N WDC @BA Z N W =0>&>?=A 9?UXWf = [¡C =0> W:9 = N W Z: U · ] Z b =+Z 9?9<= ; = 9 >?Z Y:[ =0=0@BA [ = > >A,=0§ = UXY >?= 9&= ; Zs8:9?U< =0>?> W > ] = 9<= ; ]:W: A Z U @ ]:W#8DC,N W =%A . . . . . . . . . . .
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(18) ] J U @ ] =0> ] =%A ]:U @BA [ = 9<=0; > W:[ A C A+@ J =0>A N W = 8:9?UXYDCEY Z [ Zn>A = ° J W @:= ] =0> 0U @:> = ; N W =0@ =0> [ =0> 8:[nW > =%9; A !9 C T@:5\X-=0 !>>)0] IB= [¡C A ¦ = ; UX9 Zn= ] =0>£=0> W:9 =0> N WDC @BA Z N W =0>£=0>A [ = /.V
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(21) Zn@ ]T = ; 8 / =0@ ]DC =0@B% A 8DCE9 W =%A V B L>?= [nU @ [ = N W = [ Z [ =0>AZn 8VU >?>?Z Y:[ = ] = 0[nU @:= 9 Zs8DCE9 P C Z¯A =0=0@BA ]W @ =%; A C A N WDC @BA Z N W = CE9?Y Z¯A 9 C Z 9 = Zn@ 0U @:@ W ¨° C >?Z¯A WDC A Z U @ N WDC @BA Z N W =+=0>A C Zn@:>?Z Y Zn=0@ ] Z ³= ; 9 =0@BA = ]:W#,C > 0[¡C >?>?Z N W = U W § =0> W:9 = =%A 0UX8 Zn= Zs0[nU · @ C \X= ]] J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ > U @BA ] = W µ UX8T= ; 9 C A Z U @:> Zn@ ]:UX[nUX9 =0>=%A 0UXW:9 C =0@BA= ³ = A WT=0; =0> CEW0UXW:9 > ] J W @`X=0O = 8:9?U< =0>?> W > ] = ,CE[n0W:[ @:= CEW A 9 = ] Z ³= ; 9 =0@ =+ C} = W:9 = =0@BA 9 = Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W =0> 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =+=%A N WDC @BA Z N W = 9<=0; >?Z ] = ]DC @:> [;J =0> 8DCE = ] =0> =%; A C A > UE³ = 9 A C § [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 ~ CE[nUX9 > N W = [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 0[¡C >?>?Z N W = C § .Y Z¯A > @:= 8 = W A U<00W:8 ?= 9 N W = [;J W @ ] =0>1 =%; A C A > ] Zn> 09 =%A > 0UX9?9 =0> 8VU @<· ]DC @BA CEW µ b ¦ C On@:=0> ] = Y Z¯A > N 8VU >?>?Z Y:[ =0>0L> U @ C @ CE[nU \ W = N WD C B@B A Z N + W = C =0@<· CE0 =0§ >`C § [;J Zn@ @:Z¯A = ; 0U @BA Zn@ W = ] =0> = A = W:9 > ] JJ=%; A C A > ] = [;J =0> 8DCE = #X ] = \X=0@ ]:9<= ; 8DCE9[ =0> =%; A C A > P CE A UX9 Zn> =0; > & N & L U+#CW § 34 + & .0A8 & + UXW ´@ 8DCE9 A Z 0W:[ Zn= 9 L L W @ =%; A C A N W Z&@:= 8 = W A [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9M8 = W A >?= A 9?UXWf = 9]DC @:> W @ =%; A C A >?= ]T= ; 0U 8VU >?= 9 =0@ W @ 8:9?U<]:W Z¯AA =0@:> UX9 Zn= [&] JJ=%; A C A >pCp§ W @ N W:Y Z¯At~ C Zn@:>?Z;L 0U @BA 9 C Z 9 = · =0@BA CEW,C > 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =,L [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ N WDC @BA Z N W =@:= 9<=0; >?Z ] =i\ =0; @ = ; 9 CE[ =0=0@BA 8DC > ]DC @:> [ =0> =%; A C A >MZn@ ] Z Z ]:W = [ > ] =0> N W:Y Z¯A > 0U 8VU > C @BA [ = > >A,=0§ =,L¨ C Zn> ]DC @:> [ = W:9 > 0UX9?9<= ; [¡C A Z U @:> =0@ ] J CEW A 9 =0> A = 9 =0>0L [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ N WDC @BA Z N W =p=0>A \ =0; @ = ; 9 CE[ =0=0@BA ]T= ; [nU<,CE[ Zn> =0; =M> W:9 A UXW A [ => >A,=0§ = ¥M= =%A?A = ] = W µfZz=0§ = 8:9?UX8:9 Z =%; A = ; 9 =0 CE9TN WDCEY:[ = Zn=0@:@:=0@BA`C`§ [¡C P U Zn> [¡C P C Z Y:[ =0>?>?= =%A [¡C8:W Zn>?> C @ = ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W = N WDC @BA Z N W =~ ] J W @:= 8DCE9 AML [¡CQ0U @BA Zn@ W Z¯A = ; ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ N WDC @BA Z N W = [¡C9 =0@ ] A 9 =0§ >>?=0@:>?Z Y:[ = ZsY = CEW:0UXW:88:[nW > N W = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ 0[¡C >?>?Z N W = ]CEW µ`= ³ =%A > ] = [;J =0@ Z 9?U @:@:=0=0@BA Z = 9?9 = W:9 > N WDC @BA Z N W =0> ] C Zn>0L ] J CEW A 9 = 8DCE9 AML [¡CM]T= ; [nU<,CE[ Zn> C A Z U @ ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ CE[n[ Z =0; =C§ [¡ C[ Zn@ = ; CE9 Z¯A = ; ] =0> [nU Zn> N WDC @BA Z N W =0> 8 = 9 ° =%A?A =0@BA W @:= 8:W Zn>?> C @ = ] = ,CE[n0W:[ P UX9 Z ]DCEY:[ = C ]T= ; [nU<,CE[ Zn> C A Z U @ ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ =0>A =0@ = ³ =%A C § [;J UX9 Zn\XZn@:= ] = = N W = +
(22) ( CCE8:8 = [%= ; [ = <U),3T),#,& +- .0U),C + .0C ¥M= W % =%A N W = [;J U @ 8 = W A 8:9<=0; >?=0@<· A = 9 > ¦ =0; C A Z N W =0=0@BA ] = [¡C C @:Zz=§ 9 =1> W Z EC @BA =~:=0@ 8:9<= ; 8DCE9 C @BA [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9£]DC @:> W @:= > W:8 = 9?8VU >?Z¯A Z U @ ] JJ=%; A C A > ?P CEA UX9 Zn> =0; > & N & 4L 0U<]DC @BA ¦ CE0W @ 8VUXW:9 Y Z¯A > ] J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ 0[¡C >?>?Z N W = N LDZ [ =0>A 8VU >?>?Z Y:[ =,L 8DCE9[ Zn@ = ; CE9 Z¯A = ; ] =0> [nU Zn> N WDC @<· A Z N W =0>0L ] J = ³ = A W = 9W @+X=0O = ,CE[n0W:[ =0@ 8D?CE9 CE [n[ =§ [ X=&° > W:9 ¦ CE0W @ ] = =0> =%; A C A >=%A ]:U @ > W:9 ¦ CE0W @:= ] =0> ]:U @:@ =0; =0> 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =0 > N = 8VU Zn@BA [ = 8:[nW > ]T= ; [ Z ,C A 0U @:>?Zn>A = =0@:> W Z¯A =`Ci§ 9<= ; 0W:8T= ; 9 = 9[;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ 0U @B A =0@ W = ]DC @:> [;JJ=%; A C A ] = [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 L ]DC @:> > U @ Zn@BA =0; \ 9 CE[ Z¯A =£; =%A&> C @:> [;J =0@ ]:U C \X= 9 IUXW >@:= ] Zn> 0W A = 9?U @:> 8DC > ] = = 8VU Zn@BAZ Z;L C Zn> =0@ 9 =0>A = 9?U @:> C § [;J Z ]T=0; =>?Zn 8:[ = N W = [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 N WDC @BA Z N W = 8VU >?>0=§ ] =,L 8VU A =0@<· A © Zn= [n[ =0=0@BAML b W @:= 8:W Zn>?> C @ = ] = ,CE[n0W:[T=0; @ UX9 = 0U 8DCE9<=0; = CM§ [;J UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:90[¡C >?>?Z N W = [nW >|> 8T= ; Z N W =0=0@BAML Z [1C =%; A = ; ]T=0; )* U @BA 9<=` ; A ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W =0=0@BA N W = [ =0> CE[ \ UX9 Z¯A ¦:=0> L ] = 9 = ¦:= 9? ¦:= ]DC @:> W @ =0@:>?=0 Y:[ = =%A N WDC @BA Z N W =0> ] =A 9 C @:> P UX9 =0; = ] = ] =+>?Zn W:[¡C A Z U @ ]:W#0U 8VUX9 A =0=0@BA ] =0>> >A,=0§ =0> N WDC @BA Z N W =0>M> U @BA 8:[nW >M=a ,CE =0> . . . !. . . . !. .
(23) N W = [ = W:9 > C @ CE[nU \ W =0> 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =0> I K X %z)* ¢ Zn@: >?Z; L 8DCE9 = µf=0 8:[ =,L 0U @BA 9 C Z 9 =0=0@BAC § > C = 9 >?Z U @ 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =,L [¡C A 9 C @:> P UX9 =0; = ] = N WDC @BA Z N W = CE8:8DCE9 A Zn=0@BAC§ [¡C0[¡C >?>?= ] =0> 8:9?UXY:[ =0§ =0> 8VUX[¯©L @ 'U O ()*Z CE W µM~ ,J =0>A ] J C Z [n[ = W:#09 "@>L" =0@ > J CE8:8:WfBC @BA£> W:9 =%A CE[ \ UX9 Z¯A ¦:= A 9 =0§ >=a ,CE = N W = C8:9?UX8VU > =,; L=0@ )L¨> U @ CE[ \ UX9 Z¯A ¦:= N WDC @BA Z N W = ] = P CE A UX9 Zn> C A Z U @=0@ @ U Y:9 =0> 8:9 =0Zn= 9 .> ® ¦ U " ) % N W ZL> W:9?8DC >?>?=+=0@ =a ,CE Z¯A =«; A UXW > [ =0> 9<=0; > W: [ A C A > 0[¡C >?>?Z N W =0> 0U @:@ W > }?W > N W J C§ [nUX9 > C Zn> [ =0>QP UX9 Z ]DCEY:[ =0> 8:9?U =0>?>?=0> ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W = N WDC @BA Z N W =@:= ]:U Z =0@BA 8DC >& C > N W = 9 > C P C Z Y:[ =0>?>?=,L + > C \ 9 C @ ] =>?=0@:>?Z Y Z [ Z¯A = ; CEW µ = 9?9 = W:9 > N WDC @BA Z N W =0> <° C 0U @BA Zn@ W Z¯A =+; X=0O = ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ N WDC @BA Z N W = [¡C 9 =0@ ] =0@#= ³ =%AA 9 =0§ >8P 9 C \XZ [ =,L [ =0> 0UX9?9<= ; [¡C A Z U @:>£=0@BA 9 = N W:Y Z¯A > =%; A © C @BA P CE Z [ =0=0@BAT=0@ ]:U C \ =0; =0> UXWi]T=%; A 9?W Z¯A =0> 8DCE9T] =0> 8:9?U< =0>?> W > ] = ]T= ; 0U ¦ = ; 9 =0@ = UXW:9 P C Z 9 =8P CE =|C § = ]DC @:\X= 9 L ] =0>>A 9 C A =0; R\XZn° =0> U @BA =%; A = ; Zn>?=0> CEW8VU Zn@BAML:=0@ C @ CE[nU \XZn= C, = [¡C+0UX9?9 = A Z U @ ] J = 9?9 = W:9 > 0[¡C >?>?Z N W = C A ¦ = ; UX9 Zn= P UX9 = [n[ = ] =0> 0U<] =0> 0UX9?9 = A = W:9 > N WDC @BA Z N W =0>`=0>AML C§ = }?UXW:9 L Y Zn=0@ ]T= ; = [nUX8:8T=0; = =%A ] =0>A = ¦:@:Z N W =0> ] = 0U @:>A 9?W: A Z U @ = µ 8:[ Z Z¯A = ] =A = [ > 0U<] =0> U @BA =0; \ CE[ =0=0@BA =%; A = ; 8:9?UX8VU > =0; =0> © CE9 CE[n[ =§ [ =0=0@BA|Cp§ W @:= CE A Z Z¯A = ; A ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W =Zn@BA =0@:>?=,LL=%A > W Z EC @BA W @ ,C ¦:Zn= 9] =0> ¦ CE9 \X=0> 8:9<= ; Zn> =%; A CEY:[ Z 8DCE9 ¥ ©L ) ¥MZ " C % L<>?=M> U @BA ]T= ; = [nUX8:8T=0; =0> ] Z · = 9 >?=0> 9<= ; CE[ Zn> C A Z U @:>= µ 8T= ; 9 Zn=0@BA CE[ =0>¨~ [ =0> 8:9 Zn@ Z 8D CE[ " =0> 0U @BK A 9 Z Y:W" A Z U @:>&3K A " UXW:% ¦:=0@BA ] =0> ]:U C Zn@:=0> A 9 =0§ > ECE9 Z =0; >0L CE[n[¡C @BA ] = [¡C ¬ I ¥MZ Y L V )LTª ) L [;J ´ [ = · A 9?U<]f @ C Z N W =K " WDC @BA Z N W " =|=0@ K C, " Z¯A >= ; © ¥ ¬Hc V " %zB L ` V °" % L=0@ 8DC >?> C @BA 8DCE9 [ =0> Z U @:> 8 Z =0; \ =0; > BL ® A = )L ± UL ¬1® ª«B W:U Z N W =kA 9 =0§ > 8:9?U =%A?A = W >?=0>0L =0> 9 = ¦:= 9? ¦:=0>/P U @BA=0@ 0UX9 = =%; A C A ] = ] Z_a 0W:[ A =0; > N W Z;L Y Zn=0@ N W J = [n[ =0>M@:=+> U Zn=0@BA 8DC > A ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W =0=0@BAZn@:> W:9 U @BA CEY:[ =0>0L @ J =0@ 0U @:>A Z¯A W =0@BA 8DC >« U Zn@:> W @ UXY >A CE0[ =`Ci§ [¡C 9<= ; CE[ Zn> C A Z U @ 8:9 C A Z N W = ]:W P W A W:9UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 N WDC @BA Z N W = ¥ C @:> [ = 8:9<=0; >?=0@BATA 9 C,EC Z [f] =A ¦¨=0§ >?=,L<@ UXW > CEYVUX9?]:U @:> ] = W µ C > 8 = A >£=0>?>?=0@BA Zn= [ > ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z N W = N WDC @BA Z N W = ¥ C @:> [¡C 8:9 =0Zz=§ 9 = 8DCE9 A Zn=,L@ UXW > A 9 C Z¯A U @:> ]:W 5' !C 3 !- ] =0> > >A,=0§ =0> N WDC @<· A Z N W =0>0L<=%A 8:[nW > 8DCE9 A Z 0W:[ Zz=§ 9 =0=0@BA ]:W 0U @BA 9 UXO [ = ] = [ = W:9£UX8T= ; 9 C A = W:9£] JJ= ; XUX[nW A Z U @~ = A <8 = ] = 0U @BA 9 UXO [ =&=0>A 8:9 Zn UX9?] Z CE[X8VUXW:9[ =&A 9 C Z¯A =0=0@BA ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ N WDC @BA Z N W =,L 8:W Zn> N W =,L 0U = @ UXW > [;J C,XU @:>«Zn@ ] Z N WT= ; 8:[nW >¦ CEW AML [ =0> CE[ \ UX9 Z¯A ¦:=0> N WDC @BA Z N W =0> > U @BA 9<= ; CE[ Zn> =0; > 8DCE9] =0> = ; XUX[nW A Z U @:> W @:Z¯A C Z 9 =0> 8DCE9 A Z 0W:[ Zz=§ 9 =0> ]:W > >A,=0§ = R UX9?] Zn@ C A = W:9 N WDC @BA Z N W =0RUL [ =0> 8VUX9 A =0> N WDC @BA Z N W =05'> !CI3 UX !W- > 98: !9< =0; >? C=0 !@B-A !U @: !> W @:= =%; A ¦ U<] = A ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W = L ]:U @BA&@ UXW > 8:9?UX8VU > U @:> ] = 0U @BA 9 UXO [ = ] JJ= ; XUX[nW A Z U @ L CE8:8 = [%=0; = W @:= CE8:8:[ Z ,C A Z U @ Cp§ W 0 @ > B >A, #=0§ £ = 9<=0; = [£] = ] = W µ C A U =0> ] = V=0; >?Z W P 9?U Z ] >0L 8:[¡CEV=0; > ]DC @:> ] =0> =%; A C A > ] = ¥ C @:> [¡C >?= 0U @ ] = 8DCE9 A Zn=,LL@ UXW > CEYVUX9?]:U @:> [ = 8:9?UXY:[ =0§ = ] = [¡C`8:9?U A = A Z U @ ] = [;J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ 0U @BA 9 = [ =0> = ³ =%A >Zn@ ]T=0; >?Z 9 CEY:[ =0> ] = [;J =0@ Z 9?U @:@:=0=0@BA Z = 9?9 = W:9 > N WDC @<· A Z N W =0> ] ¢18:9 =0§ > W @ Y:9 =PA UXW:9 ] J ¦ UX9 Z-Y U @ ] = [¡C+0UX9?9 = A Z U @ ] J = 9?9 = W:9 >0LR@ UXW > 8:9?UX8VU · . . . . . . . . .
(24) . > U @:> W @:=| =%; A ¦ U<] = ] = 8:9?U A = A Z U @ Zn@:> 8 Z 9<=0; = ] = [;J = ³ =%A
(25) )* N WDC @BA Z N W =,L ]:U @BA [ =0> 8:9 Zn@ Z 8DCE[ =0> ,CE9 CE A = ; 9 Zn>A Z N W =0> > U @BA 9 CE8:8 = [%=0; =0> ]DC @:> W @ ¦ CE8 Z¯A 9 = Zn@BA 9?U<]:W: A Z_P ¢18:9 =0§ > [;J = µ 8VU > =1; A ¦ = ; UX9 Z N W = ] =M@ U A 9 =1A = ¦:@:Z N W =,L:@ UXW > [;J CE8:8:[ Z N W:U @:>MC+§ W @|> >A,=0§ = 8 ¦ >?Z N W = 9<=0; = [ L W @Zn> U A UX8 = ]:W 9?W:Y Z ] Z W ~ 8:[nW > 8:9<= ; Zn> =0; =0@BA£@ UXW >£ U @BA 9?U @:> N W J Z [ =0>A 8VU >?>?Z Y:[ = ] = 8:9?U A =0; \X= 9 W @ N W:Y Z¯A ] J Zn@^P UX9 C A Z U @ 0U<]T=; > W:9 [ =0> =%; A C A > ] =p> 8 Zn@ ] = [;J C A U = 0U @BA 9 = [;J CE A Z U @ ] = ¦ C 8 > = ; [ = A 9 Z N W ==%AT C \X@ =%; A Z N W = N WDC >?Zn>A C A Z N W =0> Zn@ 0U @BA 9 UXO [%=0; >.
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(83) 8 Z ; A (]. 9<= ; CE[ Zn>?= Y Zn=0@ [¡C9?U A C A Z U @ ]T=0; >?Z 9<=0; = f° =0> 9<=0; > W:[ A C A > UXY A =0@ W > 8:[nW >&¦ CEW A 8VUXW:9£[ =0> =%; A C A > 8DCE9 A Z 0W:[ Zn= 9 > Z A ; ] > U @BA ECE[¡CEY:[ =0> 8VUXW:9 @ J Zn 8VUX9 A = N W = [<0UXW:8:[ = ] JJ=%; A C A > 8:W:9 > Z A ] ~C§ 8DCE9 A Z 9 ] J W @ =%; A C A Zs8:W:9'] Zn@:Z¯A Z CE[HN W = [n0U @ N W =,L U @ 8 = W A C A?A =0Zn@ ]:b9 = @ J Zn 8VUX9 A = N W = [MCE W A 9 = =%; A C A Zs8:W:9'] L«C § W @ P CE A = W:9 ] = 8 ¦ C >?= 8:9 =0§ > Z > C @:>|>?Zn\X@:Z · ,C A Z U @ 8 ¦ >?Z N W = ] ¬ =0 CE9TN W:U @:> C § @ UXWf = CEW N W = [¡C > UX[nW A Z U @ \ =0; @ = ; 9 CE[ = 8:9?UX8VU > =0; = @ J =0>A 8DC >; W @:Z N W =~=0@Q= ³ =%AML CEW[ Zn= W] J CE8:8:[ Z N W ; = 9 CEW ; > >A,=0§ = [¡C 9?U A C A Z U @ > 8DC · A Z CE[ = ! Z A (] N W Z P C Z¯A 8DC >?>?= 9] Z 9 = A =0=0@BA ] = C § L U @ ; 8VUXW:9?9 C Z¯A =0; \ CE; [ =0? =0@B? A ¦ U Zn>?Z 9 L 8DCE9 = µf=0 8:[ =,L ] = 0U Y Zn@:= 9T; [ =0> ;] = W µ 9?U A C ; A Z U @:> ; ! Z N A N ] =%A ! Z A ] P C Zn> C @BA 9 =0> 8 = A Z =0=0@BA 8DC >?>?= 9] = C § =%A ] = C § ~R C1§ =0> ] = W µ 9?U A C A
(84) Z U
(85) @:> > 8DC A Z CE[ =0>> U @BA 9 =0> 8 = A
(86) Z
(87) =0=0@BA C >?> U< Z =0; > [ =0> UX8T= ; 9 C A = W:9 > Z ; N A N ] 8 =%A Z ; ? A ? ] 8 ]:U @BA [ = 8:9?U<]:W Z¯A Z ; ? A ? ] ; Z ; N A N ] A 9 C @:> P UX9 = =0@ 4LD C Zn> @:= 0U n@ Z ] =\ =0; @ = ; 9 CE[ =0=0@BA 8DC > C, = Z A (] Z ; ? A ? ] Z ; N A N ] 8 Z ; A (] IUXW > 9 =%A 9?UXWfXU @:>= µ CE A =0=0@BA [ =TX=0O = 8 ¦ =0; @ U p=0§ @:= N W = ]DC @:> [ = 8DC >?> C \X= ] = ; C § ~ ] K =`@ U Y:9 = W >?=0>| C A 9 Z =0> ] JJ= £; X© UX[nW A Z U @ ] Z ³= ; 9 =0@BA =0> C p=0§ @:=0@BA CEW X=0O = 9<=0; > W:[ A C A = ZM> J = µ 8:[ Z N W = P CE Z [ =0=0@BA C >?>?= 9i] J W @ =%; A C A 8:W:9|]:U @:@ = ; C § W @ CEW A 9 = @:= 0 U @BA 9 C Zn@BA N W J W @:= [ Zn\X@:= Zs0UX[nU @:@:= ]] = [;J UX8T= ; 9 C A = W:9&] JJ= ; XUX[nW A Z U @ L 0UX9 · 9 =0> 8VU @ ]DC @BAC § 8 ~ [ =0> CEW A 9 =0> [ Zn \X@: =0> Zs0UX[nU @:@:=0> ] > U @BA [ Z Y:9 =0>0L >?= W:[ =0=0@BA > UXW Zn>?=0> C § [¡C+0U @ ] Z¯A Z U @ ] J W @:Z¯A CE9 Z¯A = ; ] = . !. . !. . !. !. !. . !. . . !. !. !. . !. !. ] KM9MBN:PKMO >H8RW_ 8 6 MKM>AF B=@HKM9. . !. © UXW:9[ =«> >A,=0§ = 0U @:>?Z ]T= ; 9<=,; LR@ UXW > C,XU @:> [¡C 8VU >?>?Z Y Z [ Z¯A = ; ] J Zn 8VU >?= 9 @ J Zn 8VUX9 A = N W = [n[ =« C A 9 Z = W @:Z¯A C Z 9 = ] JJ= ; XUX[nW A Z U @ LC§ ] =0>HP CE A = W:9 > ] = 8 ¦ C >?= \ [nUXYDCEW µ 8:9 =0§ > .
(88) . 8'Z 3>H8'D. SP\. ¢1W A 9 =0=0@BA ] Z¯AML @ UXW > 8VUXWfXU @:>0L 8DCE9£W @ ¦ U Z µ }?W:] Z Zn= W µ ] =0> 8DCE9 C p=%§ A 9 =0> 0U @BA 9 U O · [¡CEY:[ =0> 8DCE9 W @ UX8T= ; 9 C A = W:9 = µ<A = ; 9 Zn= W:9 L 9<= ; CE[ Zn>?= 9 @ J Zn 8VUX9 A = N W = [n[ =|A 9 C @:> P UX9 C A Z U @ Z ].8 Z ]AD]T=%; A 8 #L© UXW:9 @ UXW >+=0@ 0U @<· > 8T= ; Z CE[ = W @:Z¯A C Z 9 = EC Zn@ 09 =,LvZ [ > W a A ] = 9 =0 CE9TN W = 9EN W =£A UXW A =T C A 9 Z = W @:Z¯A C Z 9 = Z ]8 = W A =%O A 9 = Zn>?=> UXW > [¡C P UX9 = 8 U W § =0>A W @:= C A 9 Z =¦:= 9 Z¯A Z N W =
(89) "8 " # " ] = A 9 CE =T@ W:[n[ = ¥M= 8:[nW >0L 0U = [;J =0@:>?=0 Y:[ = ] =0>A 9?U Zn>L C A 9 Z =0> ] g= Z 6 A A ] =0@:\X=0@ ]:9 =0@BA [ = ·²=0> 8DCE = = A UX9 Zn= [f] =0> C A 9 Z =0>L¦:= 9 Z¯A Z N W =0> M ] =£A 9 CE = @ W:[n[ =,L U @ 8 = W A ]T= ; 0U 8VU >?= 9 > UXW > [¡C P UX9 =. 8 6 " 6 # " # " A. U W § Z 6 A A ] > U @BAA 9?U Zn>@ U :Y 9 =0> <9 =0; = [ > ¢ Zn@:>?Z;LD=0@ ¦ U Zn>?Zn>?> C @BA ; 8 #. ] =«> UX9 A = N W =. . . 6. # $ U @ 8 = W A 9<= ; CE[ Zn>?= 9[¡C C A 9 Z = ] JJ= ; XUX[nW A Z U @. 6A 8. A. 8. 8. . 6. $# . . =%A. #A. CE9?Y Z¯A 9 C Z 9 = ]T=0; >?Z 9<=0; =.
(90)
(91) 8 . . ] KM9MBN:PKMO >H8RW$8 Z[< BN:V@AIL8RW$8'9+DG@CB 8 6. ` UXW:9 @ U @:>J·²@ UXW > C Zn@BA =0@ *C ),@BA 34+; 5'=A9 @B> [ ^=0> +#C&=%; A C A > I & & 3T), ]:W > >A,=0§ = ¥M=|A = [ > =%; A C A >£> U @BA ]T= ; 09 Z¯A > 8DCE9&[ = W:9 Z ¦:= 9 Z¯A Z N W ==%A ] =A 9 CE = W @:Z¯A = ; ] L N W Z 8 = W A6=%O A 9 =«Zn>?=> UXW > [¡C P UX9 = 8 # % / # ; / # ; ' / ; U Wi§ [ = = A = W:99<=0; = [ 8 &= ; 9 Z b = ; "! # Z XU Z 9C @:@:= µf= ¢A] :° =0> ECE[ = W:9 > 8:9?UX8:9 =0$> #&% ] = > U @BA 9 = [ Z =0; =0> C § [¡C @ UX9 = ] = '; >?= [nU @ #&% 8 #)( ; .
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