Exploring the environmental dependence of sexual conflict using Drosophila

HAL Id: hal-02785355

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02785355

Submitted on 4 Jun 2020

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Exploring the environmental dependence of sexual

conflict using Drosophila

Allan Debelle, Simon Fellous, Alexandre Courtiol, Ted Morrow

To cite this version:

Allan Debelle, Simon Fellous, Alexandre Courtiol, Ted Morrow. Exploring the environmental depen-dence of sexual conflict using Drosophila. 2. Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology (EVOLUTION 2018), Aug 2018, Montpellier, France. 2018. �hal-02785355�

•

EXPLORING  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  DEPENDENCE  

OF  SEXUAL  CONFLICT  USING  DROSOPHILA

BACKGROUND

behaviour

physiology

morphology

♂

♀

Field

Lab

≠

SEXUAL  CONFLICT

MALE  vs.  FEMALE

LAB  vs.  FIELD

Fitness of  each  hemiclonal line  as  male  or  as  female in  the  field

(number  of  offspring  using  phenotypic  markers)

♂

♀

OUTDOOR  MICROCOSMS

behaviour

physiology

morphology

Same  genome  +  different  selective  optima

•

Fixed  abiotic  conditions

•

Limited  parasites  &  pathogens

•

Abundant  Resources

•

Etc

•

Cyclical  abiotic  conditions

•

_{Abundant  parasites  &  pathogens}

•

_{Limited  resources}

•

Etc

AIM

Is  sexual  conflict  environment-­‐dependent?

QUESTION  :

o 15  hemiclonal lines

o Fitness  measured  as  males  and  as  females

o Presence  of  sexually  antagonistic  genetic  variation  for  fitness

o 3  types  of  lines  

•

_{High  male/low  female  fitness  (HM/LF)}

•

_{Low  male/high  male  fitness  (LM/HF)}

•

_{concordant  male-­‐female  fitness  (CONC)}

APPROACH

BA

CK

 T

O

 T

H

E  

FI

EL

D

RESULTS

DISCUSSION  AND  PERSPECTIVES

•

5  replicates  per  line  and  per  sex  :  150  cages

•

2  blocks  =  Field  1  &  2  (Aug./Sep.  in  Montpellier)

•

♂

_{assay  :  5  hemiclonal ♂ + 10  ♂competitors  + 15  ♀}

OR

•

♀

_{assay  : 5  hemiclonal ♀+ 10  ♀competitors  + 15  ♂}

•

Type  of  lines  changed  position  on  the  fitness  space  

between  all  environments

•

Variance  decreased  in  field  environments  

(LRT:  Chi-­‐square  =  

45.645,  p<0.001)

•

No  correlation  between  lab  and  field  

environments

•

No  correlation  between  the  2  field  

environments  either

•

Negative  r

_MF

signal  is  blurred    in  

both  field  environments  

•

Absolute  fitness  decreased  in  the  field

•

Unfavorable  conditions:  Lab  >  Field  1  >  Field  2

?

?

FITNESS  ESTIMATES

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

♂

♀

Bars  represent  95%  CI

Bars  represent  standard  deviation

Bars  represent  95%  CI

Bars  represent  95%  CI

Bars  represent  95%  CI

Blurred  signal  of  sexual  antagonism  between  environments

+

Absence  of  sex-­‐specific  correlation  between  environments

Ø

Environmental  dependency  of  sexual  conflict

Reduction  of  variance  and  mean  fitness  in  the  field  environments

Ø

Unfavorable  environment  masks  the  expression  of  genetic  variation  ?

Allan  Debelle

1

_{,  Simon  Fellous}

1

_{,  Alexandre  Courtiol}

2

_{,  Ted  Morrow}

3

1

_{INRA,  Centre  de  Biologie et  de  Gestion des  Populations  (UMR  1062  INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier  SupAgro),  Montferrier-­‐Sur-­‐Lez,  France  ;}  

2

_{Department  of  Evolutionary  Genetics,  Leibniz  Institute  for  Zoo  and  Wildlife  Research,  Berlin,  Germany;}  

3

_{School  of  Life  Sciences,  University  of  Sussex,  Brighton,  U.K.}

allandebelle@gmail.com

@LordFruitFly

Environmental  variation  can  maintain  genetic  variation  

for  fitness  (either  concordant  or  sexually  antagonistic)

Depending  on  the  structure  of  environmental  variation  

(e.g.  autocorrelation),  selection  will  have  the  opportunity  

to  act  consistently  on  this  variation

37  640  flies  collected

2

1

1

2

Bars  represent  95%  CI

Day  vs.  Night

Day  vs.  Night

MALE  vs.  FEMALE

LAB  vs.  FIELD

POSITION  IN  FITNESS  PLOT