1 مﻗر لﺎﺛﻣﻟا
2 3
3 3 27
2 2 8
a
2 2
3 1
2 2
b
7 2
2 3 2
2 3
1 2
3 c
5 5
5 5
8 4
d
e ( 2)5 12 23 3314
24 32
3 5 2 4
4 6
7 3
41 5 2 3
1 1
( ) .10 (0.001) .( )
(0.001) .10
10 B C 10000
1 10 .(1000) 1
( ) .(100) 10 .( )
10000 100
A
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 2
ABCD
ﺚﯿﺤﺑ فﺮﺤﻨﻣ ﮫﺒﺷ AB=3
و BC=6
, (AD) و (BC) ﺎﻘﺘﯾ ﻲﻓ نﺎﻌط O
(1 نأ ﻦﯿﺑ OA AB
OP CD نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا ﻢﺛ
A ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﻲھ [OD]
(2 ﻦﻜﺘﻟ P نﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻊطﺎﻘﺗ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ (AC)
و (BD) . نأ ﻦھﺮﺑ PA AB
PC CD
ب - اذإ ﺐﺴﺣا PC
نأ ﺖﻤﻠﻋ اذإ 2
AP
(3 ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا P
ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (BC)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ (OA) ﺔﻄﻘﻨﻟا ﻲﻓ M
نا ﻦھﺮﺑ MO PB
MD PD
(4 نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا MO PC
MD PA
ﺐﺴﺣا ﻢﺛ MD
نﺎﻛ اذإ OM=2
2 مﻗر لﺎﺛﻣﻟا
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 1
ﻲﻠﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣأ
2
153 154 4 3 1
5
(2 2 7 ) (2 2 7 ) 2 (2 2) 3 21 7 7
g h k
2
3 3 7 5 10
2
2 4 3
3 8
( )
( 3 2 ) H 4 21 I (-2) ( 6) ( 3)
(8 9) 2 81 18 ( 12)
7 16
G
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 2
ABC و ﺎﺜﻠﺜﻣ M ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ [BC]
. ﻜﺘﻟ ﻦ N ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ (AM)
MN AM ﺚﯿﺣ
(1 ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ N
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (AB)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ (BC) ﻲﻓ E ّنأ ﻦﯿﺑ MN :
MA
ME MB
(2 ﻦﻣ ّ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ N
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (AC)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ (BC) ﻲﻓ F ّ نأ ﻦّﯿﺑ MN
MA
MF
MC
(3 ّ نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا ME :
MB
MF MC
(4 ّ نأ ﻦّﯿﺑ M
ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ [
EF]
(5 ﻊﻀﻧ 2
= AB
; 2
= AC
2 2
= BC
; 1
EB
ﺐﺴﺣأ NE و NF
3 مﻗر لﺎﺛﻣﻟا
2 3 3 2
1 4 4
2 3
1 3 2 3 2
3 2 2
1 2
3 2 5 25 15
9 4 27 2 2
2 3 5 3
2 2 1
5 2 3 5 (3 5)
5 3 2 5
l m n
p q r
D = 7 1012 4 105
2 10 -4 E = 25 10 2121 11 750 3 F = 3 10 –2
1,5 10 –4 – 2 10 2
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 2
ﻦﻜﯿﻟ ABC و ﺎﺜﻠﺜﻣ D ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ [AB]
ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ A
و B
(1 ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ (BC)
ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا و D
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (AC)
ﻲﻓ E . ﻦﯿﺑ نرﺎﻗ
AD
AB æ AE
AC
(2 ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ E
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (AB)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (BC)
ﻲﻓ F نأ ﻦﯿﺑ
BF BC
AE
AC
(3 ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ F
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (AC)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (AB)
ﻲﻓ G . نأ ﻦﯿﺑ
BG BA
BF
BC
(4 نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا AD=BG
(5 ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ G
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (BC)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (AC)
ﻲﻓ H . نأ ﻦﯿﺑ
CH CA
BG
BA
(6 نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا [AC]
و [EH]
ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﺎﻤﮭﻟ .
(7 ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ (AB)
ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟاو H
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (BC)
ﻲﻓ I . نأ ﻦﯿﺑ
CI CB
CH
CA
(8 نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا
AD AB
CI
CB
4 مﻗر لﺎﺛﻣﻟا
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 1
ﻲﻠﯾ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣأ
2 1 2
1 1 3 5 5 1 2 1 3
5 5 2 3 5 2 3
2 3 2
X 5 Y I
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 2
1 ( تارﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﺐﺴﺣأ ﺔﯿﻟﺎﺘﻟا
:
2 2
3 1
2 2
A
3 2
1 1 3 5
3 9 2 9
B
2 ( ﻲﻘﯿﻘﺣ دﺪﻌﻟ ة ّ ﻮﻗ ﺔﻐﯿﺻ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺘﻛأ
3 2 :2 3
7 49 14
7 2
C
3
2 2
2 5
0,01 1 2
10 5 10 D
3 ( أ / ةرﺎﺑﻌﻟا رﺻﺗﺧا ﺔﯾﻟﺎﺗﻟا E
:
1 3 2
3 2 1 2
a b a b E
a b a b
ثﯾﺣ و a
رﻔﺻﻠﻟ نﺎﻔﻟﺎﺧﻣ نﺎﯾﻘﯾﻘﺣ ناددﻋb ب
/ بﺳﺣا
نأ تﻣﻠﻋ اذا G :
20 a و 5 b
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 3
ﺎﺜﻠﺜﻣ ﻦﻜﯿﻟ ABC
و D ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ [AB]
ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ A
و B .
(1 ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ D
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (BC)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (AC)
ﻲﻓ E . نا ﻦﯿﺑ
AB AC
DB
EC
(2 ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻒﺼﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﯿﻋ [EC)
ﺔﻄﻘﻨﻟا F ﺚﯿﺣ CF=DB و
F [AC]
. ﻦﻜﺘﻟ M ﻊطﺎﻘﺗ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ (DF)
و
(BC) نأ ﻦﯿﺑ
MF MD
CF
CE
(3 نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا
AB AC
MF
MD
.
(4 ﻊﻀﻧ : AB=5 و
AD=3 و
AC=4 و
BC=5 2 ,
ﺐﺴﺣأ AE و DE و BM
(5 ﻦﻜﺘﻟ N ﻊطﺎﻘﺗ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ (DE)
و (AM) ,
ﺐﺴﺣأ DN
5 مﻗر لﺎﺛﻣﻟا
( 2 3 ) 144
144 144
75
23
1
25 1
25 25
3 3 5
( 3 )
10( 3 )
5( 3 )
10( 18 2 )
2 1
20 1
32 5
9
(1 ﺔﯾﻟﺎﺗﻟا تارﺎﺑﻌﻟا بﺳﺣأ
A
32 2
2( 2 ) ( )
3
B
1 21
21
23
1[( 7 ) ] ( ) ( )
7 3 7
C 5
1 3
2 10
1 17
0D 3 3 2
3 3
2 ( 3 )
3
ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺘﻟا 12
ﻦﻜﯿﻟ ABC و ﺎﺜﻠﺜﻣ M ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ [AB]
ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ A
و B .
(1 ﻦﻣ رﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرا M
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (BC)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (AC)
ﻲﻓ N نأ ﻦﯿﺑ
AB AP
AN
AC
(2 ﻦﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﺳرأ C
ـﻟ يزاﻮﻤﻟا و (BN)
ﻊﻄﻘﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ (AB)
ﻲﻓ P . نأ ﻦﯿﺑ
AB AP
AN
AC
(3 نأ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺳا AB2 AM AP.
(4 ﻊﻀﻧ :
3 2
= AB
; 2 3
= AC , 2
ﺐﺴﺣأ —AM
AP و AN
(5 ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻒﺼﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﺑا [AC)
ﺔﻄﻘﻧ Q نﻮﻜﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ :
AC2 AN AQ.